Biol 105 Spring 2010 Exam to POST

Name: ______

Circle the Lab Section you are enrolled in (Monday or Tuesday or Thursday)

Bio 105 Midterm 1; All questions are worth 2 points unless marked otherwise. Total points are 125

Answer questions 1 - 19 using the scantron:

1. Researchers are trying to determine if a new food preservative causes stomach cancer. To test the safety, they feed the food preservative to half of the mice and look for signs of stomach cancer in all the mice. In this example, the controls are:

A. The mice fed a normal diet B. Signs of stomach cancer C. The addition of the food preservative to half the mice D. The fact that all the mice are housed in the same place, with the same water, light, and cages.

2. Groups of all the species living together in the same area are called a(n) ______.

A. Community B. Population C. Ecosystem D. Biosphere

3. Which of the following types of organisms are not composed of eukaryotic cells?

A. Fungi B. Bacteria C. Plants D. Animals E. Protists

4. A neutral (no charge) atom must contain:

A. an equal number of protons and neutrons. B. an equal number of protons, neutrons, and electrons. C. an equal number of protons and electrons. D. an equal number of neutrons and electrons. 5. The following molecule is:

A. non-polar B. polar

6. What is the difference between covalent and ionic bonds?

A. Covalent bonds are the sharing of electrons, whereas ionic bonds are the sharing of protons. B. Covalent bonds involve the attraction between slightly charged molecules, whereas ionic bonds involve the attraction between two fully charged ions. C. Covalent bonds involve the sharing of neutrons, whereas ionic bonds involve the attraction of slightly charged atoms. D. Covalent bonds are the sharing of electrons, whereas ionic bonds involve the transfer of electrons from one atom to another.

7. A solution with a pH of 4 has a ______H+ concentration then a solution with a pH of 5.

A. 10 times higher B. 10 times lower C. 100 times higher D. 100 times lower

8. What are the three most common elements in the human body?

A. Sulfur, nitrogen and oxygen B. Carbon, nitrogen and hydrogen C. Carbon, oxygen and hydrogen D. Sulfur, oxygen and hydrogen E. Sodium, chloride and hydrogen

9. Enzymes are

A. proteins B. are usually specific for their substrates C. are not consumed in the process D. all of the above 10. Power plants are one of the main sources of pollution that cause acid precipitation, what chemical is released from power plants that causes acid precipitation:

A. Mercury B. CO2 C. H2SO4 D. HNO3 E. CH4 (Methane)

11. A substance designed to maintain a stable pH of a solution within a cell or a biological system would be which of the following be which of the following?

A. Buffer B. Catalyst C. Acids D. Neutral

12. Salt is added into water, in this example, salt would be the _____.

A. Acid B. Solvent C. Solute D. Catalyst E. Buffer

13. You have information about an atom that contains 5 protons, 6 neutrons, and 5 electrons. Which of the following statements would be true?

A. It will have an atomic weight of 16. B. It will be an ion. C. It will have 5 electrons in its outermost shell. D. It will have an atomic number of 6 E. It will have an atomic weight of 11.

14. Plants use this complex carbohydrate for energy storage:

A. glycogen B. starch C. hexose D. cellulose E. None of the choices are correct. 15. What type of biological molecule is shown below:

H2N CH C OH

A. Steroid B. Protein C. Monosaccharide D. Cholesterol. E. Amino Acid

16. The fatty acid pictured below is:

A. Unsaturated B. Saturated C. Polyunsaturated D. Trans E. None of the above

17. What type of biological molecule is shown below:

A. Steroid B. Triglyceride C. Monosaccharide D. Fatty acid E. Amino acid 18. What type of biological molecule is shown below:

A. Steroid B. Triglyceride C. Phospholipid D. Nucleotide E. Amino acid

19. What type of biological molecule is shown below:

A. Steroid B. Nucleotide C. Nucleic acid D. Phospholipid E. Amino acid Answer the following questions on the separate answer sheet provided.

20. An experiment where neither the researchers nor participants know which group is receiving the treatment is called a ______.

21. ______is the ability to maintain a relatively constant internal environment.

22. The ______is a measure of the pull one atom has on a shared electron.

23. To ______is to make something (like a blood vessel) wider or larger.

24. A(n) ______is a substance that appears to be identical to a drug being tested but has no known effect on the condition being studied.

25. A(n) ______is a substance that accepts hydrogen ions when it is in a solution.

26. The site where a substrate binds to an enzyme is called the ______.

27. A(n) ______is a large molecule consisting of many monomer subunits bonded together.

28. Which biological molecule is the backbone of the cell membrane?

29. Weak bonds that function to stabilize water and nucleic acids such as DNA are ______bonds.

30. ______refers to the structure of a protein in which two or more polypeptide chains bind together to form a functional protein.

31. What is the function of enzymes?

32. A polysaccharide that is made by plants but can’t be digested by humans is ______. 33. ______is the process that causes a three-dimensional protein to lose its shape, resulting in the loss of biological function

34. The organelle that stores starch is the ______

35. What lipid is used for energy storage?

36. What biological molecule functions to signal between cell and controls metabolic processes and cellular functions?

37. The monomer units of a protein are ___A_____ and they are bound by a type of a covalent bond called a _____B_____ bond

38. What is wrong with this molecule?

H C C C H

39. (3 pts) What are the two motifs or features commonly found in proteins that make up the secondary structure of proteins, and how are these features stabilized?

40. (4 pts) Answer the following questions regarding classification:

A. What kingdom do humans belong in?

B. What domain do humans belong in?

41. (4 pts) You work for a pharmaceutical company who has developed a new drug to treat asthma in people. What are the four stages of clinical testing your drug needs to go through before it is approved by the FDA? Name the four stages and briefly describe what each stage determines.

42. (4 pts) You are asked to determine if a substance is alive. Describe four characteristics you would look for to determine if this substance is a living organism? (Use complete sentences) 43. (4 pts) Using the periodic table, answer the following questions regarding the element, nitrogen.

A. How many electrons are in each shell? B. How many bonds can this atom form? C. How many protons does this atom have? D. How many neutrons does this atom have?

44. Draw two water molecules and show the hydrogen bonding between the water molecules

45. (4 pts) What are two structural similarities and two structural differences between a phospholipid and a triglyceride?

46. (4 pts) How are radioisotopes similar and how are they different from regular isotopes?

47. (4 pts) A friend of yours asks you what are “trans fats” what would you tell them? Include in your answer the structure of trans fats, the source of trans fats, and how eating trans fats affects your health and how can you tell from the label if a product has trans fat.

48. (8 pts) What are the four properties of water and describe in detail why these properties make water essential for life.

49. (8 pts) You are a researcher working at the National Institute for Health. You have been trained to conduct scientific research using the scientific method. Describe the eight steps of the scientific method that you will follow. (Use complete sentences to fully describe each step.)

Bonus Questions

1. What is the name of the woman who won a noble prize (one of two noble prizes she was awarded) for her work on radioactivity. Hint she named the term radioactivity.

2. In biology what does the word organic refer to?

3. When two molecules are split apart and water is added, the reaction is called ______.

4. Studies that look for patterns that occur in populations are called______(For example, looking at smoking and lung cancer rates in a human population over time)

5. Which domain contains organisms that are one celled and that lack a nucleus and live in extreme environments