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Flow Injection Chemiluminescence Determination of Loxoprofen and Naproxen with the Acidic Permanganate-Sulfite System

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Flow Injection Chemiluminescence Determination of Loxoprofen and Naproxen with the Acidic Permanganate-Sulfite System J Pharm Anal Vol 1, No 1, 51- 56 (2011) ORIGINAL ARTICLES Flow injection chemiluminescence determination of loxoprofen and naproxen with the acidic permanganate-sulfite system 2 2 Li-Juan Wang· , Yu-Hai Thng *, Yang-Hao Lilt I Medical School, Xi'an ]iaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China; 2 Institute of Analytical Sciences, Xi'an ]iaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China. Abstract: A novel flow injection chemiluminescence (CL) method for the determination of loxoprofen and naproxen was proposed based on the CL system of KMnO, and Na,SOJ in acid media. The CL intensity of KMnO,-Na,SOJ was greatly enhanced in the presence of loxoprofen and naproxen. The mechanism of the CL reaction was studied by the kinetic process and UV-vis absorption and the conditions were optimized. Under optimized conditions, the CL intensity was 8 5 7 linear with loxoprofen and naproxen concentration in the range of 7.0 X 10- -1. 0 x 10- glmL and 2.0 x 10- - 4.0 X 10-· glmL with the detection limit of 2.0 x 10- 8 glmL and 3.0 x 10- 8 glmL (SIN = 3), respectively. The relative standard deviations were 2.39% and 1.37% for 5.0 x 10- 7 glmL naproxen and 5.0 x 10- 7 glmL loxoprofen (n = 10), respectively. The proposed method was satisfactorily applied to the determination of loxoprofen and naproxen in pharmaceutical prepa­ rations. Keywords: chemiluminescence; KMnO, ; loxoprofen; naproxen 1 Introduction which does not require sophisticated instruments and too many chemical reagents. CL method has been developed to Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are a detect arylpropionic acid derivatives, such as ketoprofen, group of analgesics and anti-inflammatory drugs that are naproxen, ibuprofen, and fenbufen [21-25]. To the best of most commonly used around the world for treating inflam­ our knowledge, CL method for the detection of loxoprofen matory diseases and musculoskeletal injuries for their anal­ has not been reported. gesic and antipyretic effects. Recently, NSAIDs have In this paper, a novel flow injection chemiluminescence gained more attention because they can reduce the risk of method for the determination of loxoprofen and naproxen developing Alzheimer's disease and various tumors [1-5]. is proposed based on the CL reaction of KMn04 and NSAIDs are a large family of compounds according to their NazSQ in acid media. The CL intensity of KMnO,-NazSQ chemical structures. Regardless of their structural differ­ was greatly enhanced in the presence of loxoprofen and ences, NSAIDs induce mostly of the same therapeutic func­ naproxen. The mechanism of the CL reaction was studied tions as well as side effects [6]. and the conditions were optimized. The proposed method Loxoprofen and naproxen are well-established NSAIDs was applied to the determination of loxoprofen and naproxen which belong to the arylpropionic acid family, the struc­ in pharmaceutical preparations. tures as described in Figure 1. The two arylpropionic acid derivatives have been used widely in clinic and other fields. 2 Materials and methods Up to now, many researchers interested in their possible side effects considerably. At the same time, these com­ 2.1 Reagents pounds are environmental pollutants due to their residue 3 levels in water [7, 8]. Therefore, it is very important to The stock solutions (1.0 x 10- glmL) of loxoprofen and develop highly sensitive analytical methods for the analysis naproxen (National Institute for the Control of Pharmaceu­ of loxoprofen and naproxen. Many methods have been tical and Biological Products, Beijing, China) were pre­ developed for the assay of loxoprofen and naproxen, inclu­ pared by dissolving 0.1000 g of each compound in double ding spectrometry [9, 10], HPLC [11-13]' HPLC- MS [14­ distilled water and diluting to 100 mL. The stock solutions 16], CE [17,18], and GC- MS [19,20]. Some of methods, were stored in a refrigerator and kept from light. The tes­ however, have shown considerable shortcomings, such as ting solutions were prepared by appropriate dilution of these bulky instrumentation, large sample, and time consump­ stock solutions with water before use. tion. KMn04 stock solution (0.01 M) was prepared by dissol­ Chemiluminescence (CL) is a simple and rapid method ving 0.1580 g of KMn04(Xi'an Chemical Reagent Factory, Xi'an, China) in a 0.1 M sulfuric acid solution and diluting 3 Received 1 December 2010; Accepted 8 January 2011 to 100 mL with water. A NazSQ stock solution (5 x 10- • Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected] M) was prepared by dissolving 0.0630 g of sodium sulfite 52 Li-]uan Wang, et at. (Xi'an Chemical Reagent Factory, Xi'an, China) in water Ten capsules (tablets) of loxoprofen and naproxen were and diluting to 100 mL with water. The working solutions accurately weighed, and then ground to fine powder, were obtained by a series of dilutions of the stock solution respectively. A tablet sample equivalent to approximately with water. 250 mg naproxen and 60 mg loxoprofen was weighed accu­ All chemicals used were of analytical grade. Double dis­ rately, and then dissolved in water. Each solution was fil­ tilled water was used during the entire experiment procedure. tered and the corresponding residue was washed several Naproxen tablets (250 mg/tablet) were provided by times with water. All the solutions were collected. When Shaanxi LanHuaQiFoShan Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. the level of loxoprofen and naproxen was obove the cali­ (Shaanxi, China). Loxoprofen sodium capsules (60 mg/cap­ bration ranges, samples were appropriately diluted with sule) were provided by Shandong Qidu Pharmaceutical Co., water prior to the assay. Ltd. (Shandong, China). Figure 1 Structures of loxoprofen and naproxen 4-(6-methoxy-2-naphthy 1)-2-butanone (+)-2-(6-methoxy-2-naphthy I) propionic acid Lexoprofen Naproxen tion was injected into the NazSOJ solution stream. The 2.2 Apparatus stream was merged with KMn04 solution in the flow cell to Figure 2 is the schematic diagram of the flow injection CL produce CL emission. The signal was recorded using a com­ (FI-CL) system. A peristaltic pump was used for delivering patible computer connected to the PMT. The concentration the sample solution and NazSOJ solution. Another peristal­ of sample was quantified by the increase of CL intensity, tic pump was applied to deliver KMn04 solution. All com­ calculated as tJ = 1 - 10 , where 1 is the net CL signal of ponents were connected with PTFE tubing (0.8 mm i. d.) the system in the presence of sample and [0 is the CL inten­ in the flow system. Reagent solutions were injected into the sity of the system in the absence of sample. flow system by a six-way injection valve. A photomultiplier tube was employed to detect the CL intensity. The CL sig­ 3 Results and discussion nal was recorded and treated using IFFM-E type data pro­ cessing system (Xi'an Remax Electronic Science-tech Co. , 3.1 CL intensity-time profile Ltd., China). The CL kinetic characteristics of the KMnOr Naz SOJ­ sample system were investigated. The results are shown in :~I---CIDf-----, Figure 3 and Figure 4. The results showed that a strong enhancement of the CL emission of the KMnOr Naz SOJ reaction was observed in the presence of naproxen and lox­ -----0 V ,1 r.::::::l oprofen respectively. Therefore, the addition of two kinds c u '~ICOMI of arylpropionic acid derivatives could facilitate the KMnOrNazSOJ CL reaction and greatly enhance light P, W emission. Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the Fl-CL system for the determina­ tion of naproxen and loxoprofen. a, sample solution; b, NazSo. solu­ 1600 - _. KMnO,-Na,SO, reaction tion; c, KMnO. solution; PI and P , peristaltic pump; V, six-way C 1400 ............. KMnO,-Na,SO,-naproxen reaction z - KMnO,-naproxen reaction valve; F, flow cell; PMT, photomultiplier tube; COM, computer; ~ 1200 \ W, waste solution. .::....J 1000 \ The UV spectrum was obtained using an UV-vis spectro­ U., 800 photometer (Shanghai Spectrum Instruments Co., Ltd., .::: 600 China) . ~ 400 \ ~ 200 \ ........ 2.3 Procedures o 1.onn._;r;;.._......._...u:;;;...__A_..,J,;;"""'"....-_"'.=--=="'-'''''"'~ o 2 4 6 8 10 As shown in Figure 2, flow lines were inserted into the Time(s) sample/standard solution, loxoprofen or naproxen solution, NazSOJ solution and KMn04 solution, respectively. The Figure 3 Kinetic CL intensity-time profile of KMnO.-NazSQ,- pump was started to wash the whole flow system until a naproxen reaction. stable baseline was recorded. Then a sample/standard solu- J PharmAnal Vall, No 1, February 2011 53 3.2 Optimization of experimental conditions added to the KMnO, solution to test the effect on the CL signal. The maximum and most stable CL signal was 3.2.1 Effect of instrumental parameters obtained when sulfuric acid was added. Hence, H2S04 was The instrumental parameters, including the flow rate, the chosen for further work. And then, the effect of H2S04 concentration on the CL intensity was studied over the ratio of peristaltic pump1 to peristaltic pump2 (Vj /V2), and the length (~) from three ways "T" to the flow cell, range of O. 01 M to O. 2 M. The results showed that the were optimized. The length (~) of 6 cm and the flow rate maximum CL intensity was obtained with O. 1 M H2S04 of 1.6 mUmin could give a steady baseline and the maxi­ (Figure 6). So, 0.1 MH2S04 was selected as the suitable mum CL intensity, which were chosen for further study. medium for subsequent work. 900 - _. KMnO,·Na,SO, reaction 180 ~ 800 ............. KMnO.,-Na,SO,-loxoprofen reaction 2:' 160 -- KMnO,-loxoprofen reaction V> .~ 140 c 700 <l) E c 600 '2 120 ....J d 100 u 500 <l) ~ 80 400 > ~ ~ 60 300 <l) ~ oc 40 200 20 100 / "" ' ." ,----- 00 0.020.040.060.080.10.120.140.160.180.20.22 -1 4\ 9 14 H,SO, concentration (M) Time(s) Figure 6 Effect of a so, concentration on the relative CL intensity.
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