Wijay-CV-Janaury 2008

CV: Dr. Chandrasekera M. Wijayaratna CV: Dr. Chandrasekera M. Wijayaratna

Key Qualifications: Leading role in the pioneering efforts of Participatory Irrigation Management ( PIM ) in Asia (since 1979). Field experience in developing Water Users’ Associations and Farmers Companies. Over twenty years international experience as: i) Project and Program Manager and as a Consultant in several countries and with several international agencies and donors (including ADB, World Bank, EC, IWMI, UNHCR, FAO, APO, USAID). ii) Leader / Member of multi-disciplinary teams in designing, managing, monitoring and evaluating Projects / Programs on: PIM; Participatory Watershed Management, Poverty Reduction; Irrigated Agriculture and Agri-business; Farmer-private sector partnerships; Community-based Natural Resources Management (NRM) and Capacity Building. Facilitating Policy Changes in PIM, NRM and agriculture. Farming Experience. Academic qualifications in: irrigation and water management, agricultural production economics and farm management, agricultural extension, rural sociology, research methods, statistics and econometrics, policy analysis and planning, trade and price analysis and agricultural sciences including; soil science, agronomy, animal husbandry, agric. engineering, bio chemistry, agric. botany, genetics and entomology. Teaching/Training Experience at various levels. Over 100 publications (excluding consultancy reports).

1 PRESENT (1). Team Leader/Participatory Irrigation Management (PIM) Specialist, POSITIONS ADB-TA, Water User Empowerment, Chhattisgarh Irrigation Development (TWO): Project, CIDP, India (7-8 months per year till end of 2008). Employed by Kellogg Brown and Root Pty Ltd. (KBR).

(2) Participatory Irrigation Management Specialist, ADB Direct Hire: ADB TA, Project Processing and Capacity Development, Orissa Integrated Irrigated Agriculture & Water Management Improvement Program (OIIAWMIP), India. 4.5 person-months between September 2007 and June 2008.

2 NAME: Chandrasekera M. Wijayaratna 3 DATE OF 17 April 1948 BIRTH: 4 NATIONALITY: New Zealand 5 HOME 08 Woodview Rise, Botany Downs, Manakau 2010, New Zealand ADDRESS TELEPHONE (Home) 0064 9 5373764, India (Mobile) 0091-9425507286 NO. FAX NO. (Home) 0064 9 5373428 E-MAIL [email protected] WEBSITE: www.wijay.net

MAIN WORK ADB-Chhattisgarh Government Irrigation Development Project, PLACE Water Resources State Data Centre, Shihawa Bhawan Complex, Civil Lines, Raipur 492 001, India. Tel: +91 771 6532115, +91 771 2445117, Mobile (+91) 9425507286 Fax: +91 771 2445117 6 EDUCATION: 1986, Ph. D. (Major: Agric. Economics, Minors: Rural Sociology, International Agriculture), Cornell University, USA (Thesis: “A Methodological Study to Assess the Performance of Irrigation”) 1978, Master of Arts, Agric. Economics, University of Leeds, UK 1975, B.Sc. (Agriculture) (Hons. Special), University of Sri Lanka, Peradeniya

of 17 CV: Dr. Chandrasekera M. Wijayaratna

7 OTHER a) Consultative Group for International Agricultural Research, CGIAR, course SELECTED for Senior Managers, USA, 1994; b) Special Training in database management ADVANCED and analysis (Cornell University USA, 1981); c) Rural Extension, Agricultural TRAINING: University, Wageningen, The Netherlands (1980); and d) Biological Resources Development in Tropics, Aberdeen University, UK (1978). d). Agric. Extension Advanced Course (Prof Arthur T. Mosher) 1974-75.

8 LANGUAGES: Speaking Reading Writing DEGREE OF English Excellent Excellent Excellent PROFICIENCY: Sinhala Excellent Excellent Excellent Hindi Basic Basic Tamil Basic

9 MEMBERSHIP  Advisory Committee on Agriculture to the President of Sri Lanka, 1994-1996 IN  Advisory Committee, Ministry of Agriculture, Sri Lanka, 1994 -1998 PROFESSIONAL  Advisory Committee, Ministry of Irrigation Power & Energy, Sri Lanka, 1994- SOCIETIES/ADV 1995 ISORY BODIES:  Scientific Advisory Committee, National Aquatic Resources Research and Development Agency, Sri Lanka, 1996-1997  Member-Director, Governing Board, Rajarata University, Sri Lanka, 1996-97  Member, Board of Directors, Overseas School, Colombo, 1993-96  Sri Lanka Association for Advancement of Science, 1975 to date  American Agricultural Economics Association, 1983-1989

10 COUNTRIES OF Long-term - Sri Lanka, Somalia, Philippines, India WORK Short term - Includes short-term TA / consulting services, conducting international EXPERIENCE: courses and missions/participation as a resources person (alphabetical order): Australia, Bangladesh, China, Ethiopia, Germany (GTZ), Indonesia, Islamic Republic of Iran, Italy (FAO), Japan (APO), Morocco, Nepal, Pakistan, Sudan, Switzerland (UNHCR), Republic of China (Taiwan), Thailand, USA

11 EMPLOYMENT Present Positions (Two) RECORD (1) Team Leader/Participatory irrigation Management Specialist. (From 2005): – Water Users Association (WUA) Empowerment, ADB-Chhattisgarh Government “Chhattisgarh Irrigation Development Project”. Chhattisgarh, CIDP, India.

Tasks: (i) Provide technical inputs and direct the process to develop Participatory Irrigation Management (PIM) Act of Chhattisgarh and implementing rules and regulations; (ii) Develop a Chhattisgarh State strategy and action plan for WUA and WRD strengthening; (iii) Prepare state-wide capacity development program for WUAs, Water Resources Department (WRD), and other PIM stakeholders; (iv) Provide technical backstopping to the new PIM Unit within WRD. Provide leadership for PIM Unit, capacity development specialist and Regional Training Centres to formulate project training plan for WUAs, WRD staff and farmers; (v) Work with WRD, PIM Unit and other Project staff to develop a model contract to be used to specify the roles, responsibilities, and authorities between WRD and WUAs for the irrigation management transfer activities under the PIM/WUA program. Work with WRD, PIM Unit and other Project staff to develop model by laws for the WUAs and their

membership. (vi) Develop program to ensure WUAs have access to sufficient labour and financial resources to operate their irrigation system and sustain the irrigation infrastructure; (vii) Work closely with WRD, the PMU, PIM Unit and Capacity Building Centre staff members to provide leadership in identification of schemes for R&U under the project; (viii) Assist PIM Units, Capacity Building Centre staff and WRD field staff to develop and refine procedures for system walk throughs and a process for participatory involvement in identification of scheme rehabilitation requirements; (ix) Provide leadership in developing a systematic process by which WUAs are able to participate in development of field channels; (x) Assist project management consultants in the recruitment of NGOs packages for WUA mobilization and PIM and WUA implementation and strengthening. (xi) Responsibility for management of NGO packages related the WUA activities under the Project. (xii) Work with agricultural specialist, Department of Agriculture Staff to assist development of Agriculture Support Services Component under the Project; (xiii) Working with PIM Unit, WRD and other develop a monitoring and evaluation system for the WUA and PIM program that includes a participatory M&E component (xiv)Responsible for working with WRD to help prepare annual and mid-term project reports.

(2) Participatory Irrigation Management Specialist, ADB Direct Hire: ADB TA, Project Processing and Capacity Development, Orissa Integrated Irrigated Agriculture & Water Management Improvement Program (OIIAWMP), India. 4.5 person-months of intermittent inputs September 2007 to June 2008.

Tasks: Guide and work with the relevant national consultants to assist improving the legal and regulatory framework of PIM, establishing the state and field level institutional setup of PIM/Command Area Development organizations, developing appropriate training systems, and imparting training to the concerned staff of the Orissa State Government, NGOs, and Water Users’ Associations (WUAs). The Activities include: (i) Support detailing the necessary provisions that need to be reflected in the PIM Act and its Regulations for effectively operationalizing PIM in Orissa; (ii) Work with the TA institutional and PIM specialists to develop detailed project implementation plan including institutional setup, arrangements, and procedures; (iii) Work with the TA training specialist to prepare relevant training curricula and programs for the Project staff, NGOs, WUAs, and other support agencies; (iv) Support the process of engaging staff of the PIM/Command Area development Directorate and field offices, and NGO support teams for the tranch-1 subprojects; (v) Arrange for and provide trainings to the concerned Project staff including staff engaged from the market, NGO support teams, WUAs,

and other support agencies; (vi) Supervise NGO engagement and rapid rural appraisal process in the concerned WUAs of tranche 1 subprojects (as an initial step of micro- plan preparation and confirmation of the feasibility design of the subprojects); (vii) Supervise preparing sample WUA micro plans in the selected tranche 1 subprojects.

International Consultant: (from 1999 to 2005)

Worked in several countries for several agencies/firms, including: Asian Productivity Organization, APO; “Sri Lanka Recovery International”, World Bank/Mahaweli Authority, Sri Lanka; World Bank/Ministry of Samurdhi, Sri Lanka and Lincoln International (New Zealand). Selected Assignments given below:  International Consultant (Honorary, part-time), “Sri Lanka Recovery International (SRI)” (December 2004 to October 2005). SRI was engaged in projects, mainly in Agriculture, agro-based industry and fisheries. Vision was to help Tsunami victims to stand on their own feet. Worked in the field and, on behalf of SRI, developed two Projects for UNDP funding.  Honorary Consultant to the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock, Lands and Irrigation, Sri Lanka (May 2004 to February 2005, part-time). Included the review and assistance in the Sri Lanka Water Resources Act, Tank Irrigation Rehabilitation and Institutional Strengthening programs.  Support to operationalize the Community-Driven Development Model and Institutional Arrangements: World Bank-Government of Sri Lanka (12- year) Program on Rural Poverty Reduction Project, RPRP (40 weeks: March 2003 to May 2004): Key tasks: (i) develop community-driven participatory development Model; (ii) design institutional arrangements for achieving sustainable village development that can be easily replicated in the country; (iii) identify capacity gaps and requirements at various levels for the proposed institutional model to function effectively; (iv) “mentoring” & providing guidance to Ministry of Rural Economy and “Samurdhi” in testing the model in three districts during hands-on learning phase; (v) Develop the Community Operational Manual taking into account the lessons learned.  Consultant, 1st & 2nd Evaluation of World Bank financed Project, “Village Self-Help Learning Initiative” VISHLI (a Community Driven Development Project), 2002 and 2003.  Asian productivity Organization, APO (Tokyo) Resource Person, Irrigation Management, Sustainable Agricultural Development and Community Development (Sri Lanka, Pakistan, Indonesia, Iran, Taiwan, Philippines, Japan- 1999-2004). This included: a) Technical Assistance to the Centre for Agricultural Human Resources Development management (CAHRDM), Ministry of Manpower, Indonesia, on "Participatory Development of Projects for Integrated Community Development in Bogor area" (under the "Technical Expert Service", TES, Program of the Asian Productivity Organization, APO, Tokyo). 2001, Bogor, Indonesia, and b) Expert Advisor (part time, June 2000-June 2001, one-year contract) to APO in developing the Strategy, Program Framework and Activity Plan for its Program on Integrated Community Development.  Team Leader/Institutional Development Specialist: "Smallholder Dairy Farmer Poverty Reduction Project", Sri Lanka, Lincoln International, Funded by the New Zealand Ministry for Foreign Affairs and Trade under ADAF. (First mission: April and second mission: July-September 2001,

Follow-up work: October - December 2001).  Conducted a feasibility study and designed an action-plan for “Private Sector Participation in Rehabilitation and Management of Irrigation” for UNDP, Sri Lanka (1999)

Full-time Employment: 1975-99

1. International Water Management Institute, IWMI, July 1989-1999:

 Senior Agricultural Economist / Water Management Specialist and Senior Advisor to the Director General (1998).  Leader: Watershed Management (Global) (1996-1998).  Global Programme Leader: Social & Environment (1995/96).  Irrigation Management Specialist and Head of IWMI’s: Sri Lanka, India and Philippines Programs (1992-95). Bangladesh was included in 1995 Head, Philippines Program (1989-1992, based in Manila).

Responsibilities: i) General: Provided leadership in conceiving, formulating, and implementing research, action-research and capacity building programs on IWMI’s Irrigation Management Projects and Social and Environmental (global) programs. ii) Provided leadership and managed Irrigation Management projects conducted in Philippines (1989-1995) and Sri Lanka and India Philippines (1992-95) (Bangladesh included in 1995). Coordinated the Sri Lanka, India and Philippines - based components of IWMI's regional and global projects. Ensured that project reports and documentation are prepared in a timely manner. Participatory Irrigation Management, PIM, was the focus and a collaborative participatory mode was adopted. In India, worked collaboratively with Water and Land Management Institutes (WALMIs) selected Universities (like Patna University) and State and National agencies. In the Philippines, worked with National Irrigation Administration, Department of Agriculture and 9 Regional Universities. Similarly, in Sri Lanka worked with several Government agencies, including policy makers, NGOs, Water Users’ Associations (WUAs) and higher-level Farmers’ Organizations. Involved in the development of water sector strategy and programme in the 20-year Agriculture Perspective Plan in Nepal. Also worked in several other countries of IWMI operations. iii) Maintained working relationships with other IWMI units; participate in IWMI's information exchange and professional development activities; identify training opportunities for managers and policy makers iv) Strengthened the linkages between country-based irrigation Project activities and global programs. Maintain effective relationships with the host countries. Provide guidance to national policy makers on the basis of significant findings v) Supervised research and administrative staff, both internationally and nationally recruited. Involve in national and international recruitment of a first class multi-disciplinary professional staff and assist the Institute in attracting financial support.

2. UNHCR – Somalia, 1988 - 1989: Rural Settlement Specialist/Senior Project Officer. UNHCR Branch Office, Mogadishu

Responsibilities: a) Officer-in-charge of settlement and agriculture program of UNHCR in Somalia. In FY 1989, the budget of this program was over US$10 million b) Planning policies and guidelines and providing liaison with international agencies, Somali Government and Non Governmental Organizations, NGOs

to achieve durable solutions through refugee local settlements c) Advised the UNHCR branch office in Somalia on all matters relating to settlements and agricultural programs including such areas as co-operatives, farmer organizations, agricultural extension, credit and marketing d) Co-ordinated and develop projects for rural and semi-urban refugee- affected areas. Defined the economic base, social and physical infrastructure and organizational structure for settlements ensuring inter-alia the maximum beneficiary participation, the continuity of settlement and eventual phasing-out of assistance. Responsible for M&E of settlement projects and follow-up action

3. FAO-UNDP - Sri Lanka, 1987 – 1988: Agricultural Economist (Re-Planning Settlements)

Responsibilities: a) Planning for re-development of settlement schemes on an integrated basis: Assumed major responsibility for advising national and district level planners in designing, staffing, implementing, monitoring and evaluation of integrated settlement development programs. Identify opportunities and scope for development in settlements (irrigated and highland rain-fed) b) Prepare technical reports. Analyse data pertaining to integrated planning of settlements. Develop monitoring and evaluation indicators c) Training of planners/policy makers (also developed simulation case studies on integrated planning of irrigated and rain-fed agricultural production systems)

4. Agrarian Research and Training Institute, ARTI - Sri Lanka, 1975 to 1987  Head, Irrigation Water Management and Agrarian Relations Division:1986-87  Head, Irrigation and Water Management Unit - 1979-1983  Research and Training Officer/Agricultural Economist - 1975-1979 Responsibilities: a) Leading role in developing ARTI's research orientation in Irrigation/Water management. Contributed significantly to Sri Lanka's new policies of institutional development in irrigation system management first, as the coordinator of the Gal Oya Farmer Organization Program (1979-1983) and subsequently as a member of national policy making bodies. Gal Oya was one of Asia’s pioneering efforts in Participatory Irrigation Management. It was the first experiment on multi-tier/federated Water Users’ Associations in developing countries in Asia. b) Planned and executed research and institutional development (action) program, determined requirements of staff, equipment, supplies e.g. in USAID-sponsored Gal Oya Water Management Action-Research Project, managed a staff of over 100 (research officers, institutional organizers, field supervisors etc.) and an annual budget (mainly staff salaries) of over US$250,000

12 WORK (A) Team Leader/PIM Specialist: Water User Associations Empowerment, UNDERTAKEN Chhattisgarh Irrigation Development Project; 2005 to date and PIM Specialist, THAT BEST ADB Direct Hire: ADB TA, Project Processing and Capacity Development, ILLUSTRATES Orissa Integrated Irrigated Agriculture & Water Mgt Project (OIIAWMP), India. THE 3 person-months of intermittent inputs between September 2007 and March CAPABILITY : a) 2008: as described in page 2. TO HANDLE (B) Consultant. Mid 1999-Mid 2000- Total time spent 08 months: World WATER Bank-sponsored Mahaweli Re-structuring programme to transfer all the SECTOR Mahaweli Distributary systems to farmers: Conducted participatory field studies PROJECTS, PIM,

of 17 CV: Dr. Chandrasekera M. Wijayaratna and and consultation workshops and prepared a strategy for “Transferring the b) DIRECT / Management of Distributary Systems of Sri Lanka’s Largest Irrigation System, PROVIDE namely Mahaweli River Diversification System to Farming Communities”. LEADERSHIP Worked with Government (Mahaweli Authority) staff to develop capacity. Developed Model Contracts to be used to specify the roles, responsibilities and authorities between Mahaweli and WUAs for the Irrigation Management Transfer (IMT). Develop a “Mahaweli Strategy” and Action Plan for WUA and Mahaweli Institutional strengthening.

(B) Consultant: UNDP Project in the UVA Province, Sri Lanka. Jan.-June 1999–Total time spent 06 months: Conducted participatory fieldwork and developed an action plan for “Privatizing Irrigation” and Irrigation Management Transfer, IMT. Developed criteria to hand over irrigation systems to the organized Private sector as well as to Farmer Companies. Identified systems for R&U through a participatory process.

(From 1993-99: Provided Leadership to several Projects and Programs of IWMI'. Few assignments are given below):

(C) "Shared Control of Natural Resources, SCOR" 1993-98 (USAID funded) Time spent: 30 months (in-charge of all aspects of project cycle): Provided leadership, guidance and technical expertise in Irrigation management, Environment Conservation (reconciling production concerns with protection). Facilitated the formation of WUAs, Watershed User’s Groups, and Farmer Companies (started with base organizations/small groups). In water-short large irrigation systems, careful management in wet season saved water for limited dry season cultivation of high value cash crops. Farmer Companies were formed and they developed partnerships with the private sector and involved in value- added production. Project’s experiences have been utilized in Policy formulation, especially in the establishment of Farmer Companies and granting user rights in Sri Lanka. Assisted in developing local capacities as well as capacity of implementing partners at different levels.

(D) Overall Supervisor as Head of IWM Sri Lanka Programme: “National Irrigation Rehabilitation Project” (NIRP-EU funded). 1994-97 Time spent: about 10 months (overall supervisor): Assisted the Irrigation Department of Sri Lanka to identify the research needs and establish an “Irrigation Research Management Unit” (IRMU) to contribute to the quality of the Department’s planning and implementation of Projects. ID was strengthened by establishing this research arm. Guided and supervised a multi-disciplinary professional team, including international irrigation experts.

(E) Overall Supervisor: “North-Central Province Participatory Rural Development Project-Irrigation Sector” 1995-1997–Time spent: 08 months, overall supervisor): Provided guidance and lead the implementation of this Project Preparatory Technical Assistance, (PPTA). Provided leadership, guidance and technical expertise to design methodology for irrigation tank selection and rehabilitation. Studied the “Nature of Small Tank Cascade Systems” and developed a Framework for Rehabilitate Tanks within Them”. Involved in participatory Tank selection for rehabilitation. (Funded by IFAD).

(F) Similarly, provided guidance, technical expertise and leadership in all phases of the design stage of “North Central Province Area development Project-Irrigation Component” funded by ADB (1996-97).

(G) Active role in IWMI’s Program for “IMT and Local Management of Irrigation”: helped define the critical elements of the necessary support system required for sustainable local management of irrigation 1990-1998. Including: Indonesia, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Pakistan, Bangladesh and India. Time Spent: Periodically. Total about 12 months, excluding other PIM / IMT Projects listed in this CV. Analysed PIM / IMT efforts world-wide, conducted workshops/seminars, study missions, participated in testing models (e.g. Philippines: 1989-95) and published/disseminated results world-wide (widely published by IWMI and available in the web): Few examples are given below:

-Fay Lauraya, C.M. Wijayaratna and Douglas L. Vermillion. “Information Support Systems for farmer-Managed Irrigation Systems” -C.M. Wijayaratna and Douglas Vermillion, 1996. Irrigation Management Turnover in the Philippines: Strategy of the National Irrigation Administration.

Example of Field Work: As the Head of IWMI’s India Program, provided guidance and leadership to the Project on “Monitoring and Evaluation of Irrigation Management Turnover in India: Study of transfer of management authority in Indian irrigation systems” (FORD funded) – 1994-96. And, as the Head of IWMI’s Bangladesh (only in 1996) guided the “Study on Privatization of Minor Irrigation: Bangladesh” – Assisted the Government in reviewing the current status and impact of, and options and alternatives for, minor irrigation privatization, at the district and pump command-area levels (ADB funded). Contributed/promoted PIM /IMT policy decisions and implementation in many countries, including Sri Lanka, Philippines, India, Indonesia, Pakistan, Nepal and few South American and African countries where IWMI has had field operations.

(H) Philippines- Chief-of-Party of Irrigation Component of USAID-IWMI Accelerated Agricultural Production Project, AAPP: (1989-1995) Time spent- 30 months based in Philippines, between July 1989- Dec. 1991 plus periodic inputs after 1991. i) strengthened the managerial capacity of National Irrigation Administration (NIA) and irrigators associations, IAs, to bring about cost-effective improvements in irrigation performance; ii) managed PIM Projects involving NIA, WUAs, Universities and NGOs and, iii) helped NIA to adopt tested innovations. Other sub Projects under this program included the following:

-Enhancing “Services of Provincial Irrigation Offices to Communal Irrigation Systems in Western Visayas in the Philippines”, Developing “Performance determinants of Irrigator’s Associations”; “Strengthening Agency-Farmer relations”; “Interventions to Strengthen Irrigator’s Associations”; Assisting NIA’s program of “Farmers Organizing Farmers”.

Note: Other major contributions were: Capacity building of WUAs. Author/Co- author of Following Training Manuals/Guide Books on PIM, produced by IWMI-NIA-USAID, which are being used widely in the field: -Farmer Irrigators' Organization Program (FIOP), principal author, 1993 -Basic Leadership Development Course, co-editor, 1993 -Financial System Management, co-editor, 1993 (Three Volumes) -Designing and Managing Training Programs, co-editor, 1993 -Irrigation System Management, co-editor, 1993 -Irrigation Office-Irrigators Association [PIO-IA] Interface on O&M, co-editor, 1993 (Two volumes, National and Communal).

(I) Provided guidance and leadership for Project on “Irrigation Management for Diversified Cropping in Rice-based Systems in the Philippines” (Funded by ADB. 1990-92: Total -few months. Only overall Supervision as Head of IWMI Philippines Program).

(J) As the Global Program Leader of IWMI’s Social and Environment Program (1996-97) provided leadership, technical expertise and guidance to develop environmental indicators, measuring environmental impacts of irrigation, and IWMI’s Health and Irrigation Program. As the Head of IWMI’s Gender Program (which came under Social and Environmental Analysis-1996-97) provided guidance and support to Projects on Gender issues in Irrigation.

(K) Additional Assignments: In addition to the above, several other assignments have been undertaken while at IWMI. Few examples are given below:

a). Translating Project experience in to policies (e.g. Nepal 20-year Agriculture Plan (Irrigation Sector) – 3 weeks; b). Project design with donors (e.g. ADB PPTA on “Irrigation Systems Improvement Project, Philippines, 1995- Total 1.5 months); c) Project Review/end-of Project evaluations assigned by international agencies: e.g. Australian Council for International Agricultural research, ACIAR, Project “Optimal Land Use in Sri Lanka with Application to Land Degradation and Plantation Industries”-1998- 3 weeks and Kirindi Oya Irrigation and Settlement Project (ADB), 1996 - 01 month .

(L) Leader of Gal Oya Farmer Organization Program (1979-1983 and 1986) – 50 months

a) Provided overall leadership to a multi-disciplinary team and planned and executed one of Asia’s pioneering experiments in Farmers’ Organizations and Participatory Irrigation Management (Gal Oya, Sri Lanka). This USAID- supported Water Management Project begun in 1979 used a cadre of “catalysts” called the Institutional Organizers. By the end of the project, there were over 500 field channel farmer groups, federated through a structure of distributary canal organizations and area councils up to the irrigation system level, covering over 20,000 hectares with participatory management. b)Developed “self-assessment by farmers/WUAs/beneficiaries”, a methodology for evaluating performance by farmers/beneficiaries themselves. This method is now widely used in PIM and poverty alleviation Projects. c) Contributed significantly to Sri Lanka's new policies of institutional development in irrigation system management as a member of national policy making bodies. Primarily based on the experience of Gal Oya, the Sri Lankan government accepted participatory water management as a policy.

NOTE: List of Selected Publications is attached as Annex-1

Annex-1: SELECTED PUBLICATIONS (EXCLUDING PROJECT/CONSULTANCY REPORTS)

Organized in four parts: a) Books and Chapters of Books and proceedings of international seminars/workshops edited b) Selected Professional Papers, including Journal Articles c) Selected Papers presented to International seminars, conferences and workshops, and d) Training manuals/Guide Books a) Books and Chapters of Books and Proceedings of International Seminars/Workshops Edited

Resource Management and Development Planning for Integrated Rural Development, 2004. Asian productivity Organization, (Editor)

Role of Local Communities and Institutions in Integrated Rural Development, 2004. Asian productivity Organization, (Editor)

Effective Decentralization for Community Development, 2003. Asian Productivity Organization, APO (editor)

Integrated Community development, 2003. Asian productivity Organization, APO. (Editor)

Organizational Change for Participatory Irrigation Management, 2003. Asian Productivity Organization, APO, Tokyo. (Editor)

Productivity Improvement in Rainfed Areas in Asia, 2002, Asian productivity Organization, APO. (Editor)

Rural Infrastructure Development IN Asia and the Pacific, 2001. APO, Tokyo. (Editor)

Soil Conservation and Watershed Management in Asia and the Pacific , 2000. Asian Productivity Organization, APO, Tokyo. (Editor)

Integrating environmental and conservation concerns with production goals: A participatory Approach to land and water resources management in a watershed context, 1998. IN Bhushan, L. S.; Abrol, I. P.; Rao, M. S. R. M. (Eds.), Soil and water conservation: Challenges and opportunities - Volume 2. New Delhi, India: Oxford & IBH Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd. pp.1173-1186.

Evaluation of the impacts of projects to reduce human-induced soil losses in watersheds IN Modelling Soil Erosion, Sediment Transport and Closely Related Hydrological Processes, pages 287-98, 1998, Ed. W. Summer, E. Klaghofer & W. Zhang (co-author)

Rural Appraisal and Sustainable Development, 1999. IN Sri Lanka Forest Department/ FAO-Participatory Watershed Management Training in Asia (PWMTA), Forestry Information Service, Proceedings of the Workshop on Participatory Watershed Management, Nuwara Eliya. Sri Lanka, 24-31 April 1997

Shared Management of Watershed Resources, 1997. IN Partners in the Harvest, Janet Lawrence, ed., Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research, ACIAR, Canberra, pp. 37-45

Farmer Organizations in Gal Oya: Improving Irrigation Management in Sri Lanka, 1996. IN Reasons for Hope - Instructive Experiences in Rural Development, Anirudh Krishna, Norman Uphoff and Milton J Esman, ed., Kumarian Press, pp.166-183. (Principal author),

Sustaining Forestry Interventions for Rural Development, 1996. IN Forestry for Development, Hiran S. Amarasekera and Sydney G Banyard, ed., Dept. of Forestry and Environmental Science, University of Sri Jayawardenepura, Sri Lanka, 1996

Improvement of Farm-Level Infrastructures, 1995. Asian Productivity Organization, APO, Tokyo. (Editor)

Status of Irrigation Management in Asia and the Pacific IN 1995. Agricultural Water Management Technology in Asia and the Pacific, APO, Tokyo

Role of Farmer Organizations in the Improvement of Farm-level Infrastructures, 1995. IN Improvement of Farm-Level Infrastructures, Asian Productivity Organization, Tokyo

Information Support Systems for Farmer Managed Irrigation, 1994. Edited by Fay Lauraya, C.M. Wijayaratna and Douglas Vermillion. Colombo, Sri Lanka: IIMI: 1994.

Self-Assessment of Performance by Irrigators' Associations, 1993. IN Performance in Farmer-Managed Irrigation Systems, Shaul Manor & Jorge Chambouleyron, ed., IWMI. (Co-author)

Production and Profitability of Rice Cultivation in Sri Lanka Under Different Water Regimes, 1993. IN Advancements in IWMI's Research 1992, IWMI

Organizational Dynamics in a Corporate - Type Irrigation Organization: An Analysis of the National Irrigation Administration in the Philippines 1992. IN Advances in IWMI's Research 1989-91, IWMI. (Co-author)

Irrigation Management in Asia - 1991. IN Management of Irrigation Facilities in Asia and the Pacific, Asian Productivity Organization, Tokyo

An Analysis of Irrigation System Rehabilitation - Gal Oya Scheme, Sri Lanka, 1986. IN Irrigation System Rehabilitation and Betterment, D.A. Fowler ed., Colorado State University, Fort Collins, USA

Productivity and Equity in Gal Oya Left Bank, A Sri Lankan Irrigation System 1984. IN Niranjan Pant (ed.), (Co-author) Productivity and Equity in Irrigation Systems, Ashish Publishing House, New Delhi

Involvement of farmers in Water Management in Gal Oya, Sri Lanka 1985. IN Participatory Experiences in Irrigation Water Management: Proceedings of the Expert Consultation on Irrigation Water Management held in Yogyakarta and Bali, Indonesia, July 16-22, 1984, FAO, 1985, 117-32

Yearbook of Sri Lanka Water Management Research 1982. Agrarian Research and Training Institute, ARTI. (Editor)

The Institutional Framework of Irrigation and Cropping: Major Colonization Schemes in Sri Lanka. (Co- author) IN 1984. Farm Power and Employment in Asia, Farrington, John et al. (ed.) Agricultural Development Council, ADC, Bangkok. b) A Sample of Papers Published, including Journal Articles

Adoptability of New Technology in the Small-Holdings Tea Sector in the Low Country of Sri Lanka, Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics, Volume, 103, No.2, 2002. kassel university press, Belgium (co-author)

Demonstrated Benefits from Social Capital: The Productivity of Farmer Organizations in Gal Oya, Sri Lanka, 2000. World Development, November 2000, No. 28, Vol. 11 (co-author)

People’s Participation in Watershed Management Programmes, Productivity Journal, Vol. 41, No. 3, October-December 2000. CBS Publishers, New Delhi, India

Shared Management of Watershed Resources, 1997. IN Partners in the Harvest, Janet Lawrence, ed., Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research, ACIAR, Canberra,p 37-45

Potential for Diversified Cropping in Rice Lands of Sri Lanka, 1998. International Water Management Institute, IWMI Country Paper, Sri Lanka No.14. (Principal author)

Role of Farmer Companies in the Sri Lankan Rural Economy, 1997. Sri Lanka Journal of Agrarian Studies, Vol. 9 Nos.1 and 2. (Principal author)

Sustainability Concerns in Asian Irrigation, 1997. In: Pereira, L.S. (ed.). Sustainability of Irrigated Agric. Proceedings, NATO Adv. Res. Workshop Vimeiro, Portugal, 21-26 March 1996 (co- author).

Participatory Micro Hydroelectric Power Generation, 1996 OUR Engineering Technology, Vol.2, No.1 Jan. 1996, 26-33. (Co-author)

Participatory Action Research - Strengthening Farmer Organizations and Agency - Farmer Relations, 1996. IWMI Country Paper, The Philippines No.6. (Principal author)

Farmers Organizing Farmers - A Methodological Study of Farmer Irrigators’ Organization Program in the Philippines, 1996. IWMI Research Paper, The Philippines No.13. (Principal author)

Research Interventions to Strengthen Irrigators’ Associations, 1996. IWMI Country Paper, The Philippines No.7. (Co-author)

Nature of Small Tank Cascade Systems and a Framework for Rehabilitation of Tanks within Them, 1996. International Water Management Institute, IWMI, Country Paper, Sri Lanka, No.13. (Co-author)

Institutionalisation of Participatory Management: Sustainability of Farmer Organizations - 1994. Journal of the Asian Farming Systems Association 2(2): 205-233.

Shared Control of Natural Resources (SCOR) - An Integrated Watershed Management Approach to Optimise Production and Protection. 1994. Sri Lankan Journal of Agricultural Economics, Vol.2, No.1.

Irrigation Turnover and Self-Management - The Philippines Experience, 1993. Short paper series, Local Management Program, IWMI, Colombo. (Principal author)

Future Investments in Irrigated Agricultural Sector of Sri Lanka, 1991. Irrigation Management Policy Support Activity (IMPSA) Staff Paper, Colombo. (Co-author)

Optimum Participation in Irrigation Management: Issues and Evidence from Sri Lanka, 1990. Human Organization, Vol. 49, No. 1. (Co-author)

Recent Trends in Production, cost of production and profits in the Paddy Sector under different water regimes, 1988. Agrarian Research and Training Institute, ARTI, Colombo, Sri Lanka. (Principal author) Nagadeepa - Mahawewa Water Management Project, Sri Lanka - End of Project Review, 1988. Agrarian Research and Training Institute, ARTI, Colombo, Sri Lanka

The Gal Oya Water Management Project: End-of-Project Impact Assessment. 1987. Agrarian Research and Training Institute, ARTI, Colombo, Sri Lanka. (Principal author)

Economic Analysis of Productivity and Equity Issues in Irrigation Distribution, 1986. Agrarian Research and Training Institute, ARTI, Colombo, Sri Lanka

The Spatial Distribution of Irrigation Water and Yields on the Gal Oya Left Bank 1982. Sri Lanka Journal of Agrarian Studies, 3(3), 69-82. (Co-author)

Crop Diversification in the Mahaweli Area, 1980. Agrarian Research and Training Institute, ARTI, Colombo, Sri Lanka

Income Generating Activities for Rural Farm Women in Sri Lanka, co-author, 1979. Agrarian Research and Training Institute, ARTI, Colombo, Sri Lanka. (Co-author)

Education and Training of Agricultural Extension Personnel in Sri Lanka, 1979. Agrarian Research and Training Institute, ARTI, Colombo, Sri Lanka. (Co-author)

The Socio-economic Study of Rain-fed Farming Systems in Selected Areas of the Dry Zone of Sri Lanka, 1978. Agrarian Research and Training Institute, ARTI, Colombo, (co-author)

The Effectiveness of Agricultural Extension Methodology in Sri Lank, 1977. Agrarian Research and Training Institute, ARTI, Colombo, Sri Lanka. (Co-author)

Kurundankulama Dry farming Scheme - A Socio-Economic Appraisal, 1977. Agrarian Research and Training Institute, ARTI, Colombo, Sri Lanka. (Co-author)

C) PROFESSIONAL PAPERS PRESENTED AT SEMINARS, WORKSHOPS AND CONFERENCES

“ Developing Water Users’ Associations as Farmers’ Companies’, 2007. Paper Presented at the South Asian Conference on “Water in Agriculture: Management Options for Increasing Crop Productivity per Drop of Water”, Indira Gandhi Agricultural University, Raipur, 15-18 November 2007, India

“Promoting Capacity Building for Sustainable Irrigation Management”, 2004. Resource Paper presented at the International seminar on “Promoting Capacity Building for Sustainable Agriculture” sponsored by the Asian Productivity Organization, APO and implemented by the National Productivity Secretariat, Ministry of Employment and Labor and the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock, Lands and Irrigation, Sri Lanka, 21 – 26 June, Colombo.

“Case Study on Community-level Infrastructure Developed and Managed by a Community”, 2003. Paper presented at the International Seminar on “Community-level Infrastructure Development” sponsored by Asian Productivity Organization, APO and implemented by the Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock and National Productivity Secretariat, NPS, of Sri Lanka, 15-21 December, Colombo.

“Participatory Irrigation Management for Better Irrigation Services to Farmers - Issues and Strategies,2003. Paper presented to the International Seminar on “Water Resources Management for Sustainable Agricultural Productivity”, sponsored by the Asian Productivity Organization, APO and implemented by National Productivity Organization, NPO, Pakistan, 6-11 October 2003, Lahore, Pakistan

“Towards Community-Driven Resource Management: Concepts and Strategies”, 2002. Paper presented at the International Seminar on Resource Management and Development Planning for Community Development, sponsored by APO, 3 - 8 August, Islamic Republic of Iran

“Role of Local Communities and Institutions in Integrated Rural Development”, 2002. Paper presented at the International Seminar on Role of Local Communities and Institutions in Integrated Rural Development, Sponsored by APO, June 15 – 20, Islamic Republic of Iran

“Role of Public and Private Sectors, NGOs, Water User Associations and other Stakeholders in Irrigation Management in the 21st Century”, 2002. Paper presented at the International Seminar on Linking Main System Management for Improved Irrigation Management, sponsored by Asian Productivity Organization and the Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock and National Productivity Secretariat, NPS, of Sri Lanka, (3-8 June, Sri Lanka)

Socio-economic Conditions and Community Development Efforts in Asia and Pacific - An Overview, 2001. Paper presented to the Multi-country Study Mission on "Micro-credit for Community Development", Asian Productivity Organization, APO, National Productivity Organization, NPO, Bangladesh and Centre on Integrated Rural Development for Asia and the Pacific, CIRDAP, Bangladesh, 25 June-05 July 2001

Decentralization and Community Development: The Organizational Challenges, 2001. Paper presented at the international seminar on "Effective Decentralization for Community Development", Asian Productivity Organization, APO, Sri Lanka Institute of Local Governance, SLILG, and National Institute of Business Management, 23-31 March, Colombo, Sri Lanka

Rural Community Development in Asia and the Pacific, 2000. Paper presented to the Multi-country study mission on "Integrated Community Development", November-December 2000, Taoyuwan, Taiwan

Requisites of Organizational Change for Participatory Irrigation Management, 2000. Paper Presented to the International Seminar on "Organizational Change for Participatory Irrigation Management", Sponsored by the Asian Productivity Organization, APO. Manila, Philippines, 21-28 October 2000

Watershed – a New Approach Towards Peoples Participation and Involvement, 2000. Paper presented at The International Seminar on Productivity Improvement in Rainfed Farming, Asian productivity Organization, APO and National Productivity Organization of India, April 2000, New Delhi.

Social Capital and Rural Infrastructure – Strengthening the Active Participation of Rural People, 1999. Paper presented at the international seminar on “Rural Infrastructure Development”, Sponsored by the Asian Productivity Organization, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran, 23 October - 3 November 1999

Integrated Watershed Management: A Learning Process, 1998. Paper presented at the seminar on “Soil conservation and watershed management”, Asian Productivity Organization, Taipei, Republic of China, 4-11 November 1998

Shared Control of Natural Resources, SCOR – A Market Oriented Watershed Management Strategy, 1988. Paper presented at the National Conference on the “Status and Future Directions of Water Research in Sri Lanka”, International Water Management Institute, IWMI, Colombo, Sri Lanka, November 1998

Assessing Impacts of Land and water Resources Management in Watersheds, 1998. Paper presented at the workshop on “Assessment of the impacts in natural resources management research” International Centre for Research in Agro Forestry, ICRAF, Nairobi, Kenya, 27-29 April 1998. (Principal author)

Shared Management of Watershed Resources: A Collaborative Effort by the Government, NGOs, Small Farmers, and Scientists, 1997. Paper presented at the seminar on NGOs, scientists and the poor: Competitors, combatants or collaborators? Crawford Fund for International Agricultural Research, Canberra, Australia, 8-10 April 1997

An Evaluation System for Sustainable Watershed Management, 1996. Paper presented at the International Seminar on “Tools for Analysis and Evaluation of Sustainable Land Use in Rural Development”,

organized by the Food and Agriculture Development Centre (ZEL) of the German Foundation for International Development (DSE), Zschortau, Federal Republic of Germany, 2-14 Dec. 1996

Energy & Environment: Micro Hydroelectric Power Generation as an Integral component of Participatory Watershed Management. 1996. Paper presented to the International Conference and Exhibition on Agricultural Engineering and Related Technologies under the theme “Energy and Environment: Sustainability and Development Challenges”, 22-26 April, 1996, Central Luzon State University, Philippines

Water Harvesting and Soil & Water Conservation Practices in the Dry Zone Watersheds of Sri Lanka. 1996. Paper presented to the Consultation on Small Water Harvesting Schemes, organized by the Society for Promotion of Wastelands Development, New Delhi, India. 12 March 1996

Managing Watershed Environment. 1995. Paper presented to the Watershed Management Forum, University of the Philippines, Los Banos, Philippines, 4-6 October 1995

Indigenous Rainwater Harvesting Systems in Sri Lanka: Current Status and an Eco-System Approach to Revitalization, 1995. Paper presented to the 7th International Rainwater Catchment System Conference, June 19-25, 1995, Beijing, China. (Principal author)

A Participatory Holistic Approach to Land and Water Management in Watersheds, 1995. Paper presented to the seminar on "Effective Water Use through Improved Irrigation Management Information System," Irrigation Engineering Centre, National Irrigation Administration, Manila, Philippines, 13- 15 March 1995

Integrating Environmental and Conservation Concerns with Production Goals, 1994. Paper presented at the 8th International Conference on Soil and Water Conservation: Challenges and Opportunities, New Delhi, India, December 4-8, 1994

Irrigated Rice in Sri Lanka: Recent Trends and Future Directions, 1994. Invited paper (as the chief guest), 6th Annual Congress of the Postgraduate Institute of Agriculture, University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka, 29-30 November 1994

Land and Water Resources Management in Watersheds - Participatory Action Research Aimed at Integrating Production and Protection, 1994. Paper presented to the 10th Internal Program Review of IWMI, Colombo, Sri Lanka, 7-11 November 1994

A Methodology to Assess the Organizing Process of Irrigation Management Transfer. 1994. Paper presented to the International Conference on Irrigation Management Transfer, Wuhan, Peoples Republic of China, 20-24 September 1994

Integrated Land and Water Resources Management in a Watershed Context, 1994. Paper presented to the Seminar on Agricultural Resource Management, Alumni Association of the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka, June 1994

Significance of Sri Lankan Agriculture in Achieving Newly Industrialized (NIC) Status 1993. Paper presented at the International Conference of International Institute of Strategic Management, Colombo, Sri Lanka, 27-30 November 1993. (Principal author)

Impacts of the Institutional System on the Participants and on Performance, 1993. Paper presented at the DSE-IWMI Strategy Workshop on Institutional Framework for Irrigation, Chiang Mai, Thailand, 1- 5 November 1993

Production Performance under Different Water Regimes - A trend Analysis of Sri Lankan Rice Production Systems, 1992. Paper for Internal Program Review, IPR, of IWMI, Colombo, Sri Lanka. (Principal author)

Sustainability of Irrigated Agriculture - An Overview, 1992. Invited paper presented to the workshop on sustainability of irrigated agriculture, Sri Lanka Association of Advancement of Science and the Soil Science Society of Sri Lanka, 18 Sept. 1992. Colombo, Sri Lanka

Sustainability of Irrigation Systems - Socio-Economic Determinants, 1991. Paper presented to Internal Program Review Symposium, IWMI, Colombo, Sri Lanka.

Farmers Organizing Farmers - A Methodological Study, 1991 Paper presented to the Internal Program Review of IWMI, Colombo, Sri Lanka

Performance and Sustainability of Irrigation Systems with Special Reference to Irrigators Associations, 1991. Paper presented at the Internal Program Review of IWMI, Colombo

Socio-economic and Institutional Determinants of Crop Diversification, 1990. Paper presented to IWMI- IRRI Workshop on Irrigation Management for Rice-based Farming Systems, Los Banos, Laguna, Philippines, 10-12 September 1990. (Co-author)

Assessing Irrigation System Performance: A Methodological Study Evaluating the Degree of System Inefficiency Attributable to Water as Compared to Non-Water Factors, 1989. Paper presented at the Symposium on Performance Evaluation of Irrigation, IWMI, Colombo, Sri Lanka, 23 November

Catalyst Intervention as a Strategy to Promote Popular Participation in Rural Development - Lessons from Gal-Oya, Sri Lanka, 1987. Commissioned paper presented to he Centre for Integrated Rural Development for Asia and the Pacific (CIRDAP), Dhaka

Analytical Framework to Assess Irrigation System Performance, 1987. Paper presented to the Asian Regional Symposium on Irrigation Design for Management, International Water Management Institute, IWMI, Digana, Sri Lanka, 16-18 February 1987

Socio-Technical Determinants of User - Participation in Irrigation Management, 1987. Paper presented at the Asian Regional Symposium on Irrigation Design for Management, IWMI, Sri Lanka, 16-18 Feb. 1987. (Co-author)

A Comparative Analysis of Rice Pricing Policies in Asian Economies, 1986. Paper presented to the Annual Sessions of Sri Lanka Association of Advancement of Science, Colombo, Dec. 1986

Assessing Irrigation System Performance: A Methodological Study with Application of Gal Oya Project, Sri Lanka, 1986. Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA

A Methodology to Stimulate the Evolution of Farmer Organizations: The Catalyst Agent Approach, Gal Oya, Sri Lanka, 1985. Paper presented to the 14th Annual Conference on South Asia, Madison, Wisconsin, USA, November 1-3, 1985

Confronting Tight Water Supply Conditions: Lessons from Jointly Managed Systems, 1983. Paper presented to the workshop on Contingency Irrigation Planning for Command Area during Deficit Rainfall Year. Dept. of Agricultural Engineering, College of Agriculture, Rajendranagar, Hydrabad, India

The Spatial Pattern of Water Adequacy and Resulting Farmer Responses in a Tank Irrigation System Irrigation Scheme in Sri Lanka, 1982. Paper presented to the workshop on Modernization of Tank-

Irrigation-problems and issues, Centre for Water Resources, Perarigna Anna University of Technology, Madras

Uneven Distribution of Water - Causes, Consequences and Implications for System Management. 1982. Paper presented to the workshop on Water Management in Sri Lanka, Agrarian Research and Training Institute, ARTI, Colombo, Jan. 20-22, 1982

Rehabilitating Gal Oya: Improving Water Management through Rural Participation in Sri Lanka, 1981. Paper presented at the Symposium on Rural Development: Theory and Practice, Fresno, California, USA, April 1981. (Co-author) d) Manuals/Guide Books

(i) Manual on “community-based development” – 2004 (prepared for the World Bank/ Samurdhi Ministry of Sri Lanka); based on learning experience of on-going pilot Project (ii) Author/Co-author of Following Manuals/Guide Books on Participatory Irrigation Management

Farmer Irrigators' Organization Program (FIOP), principal author, International Water Management Institute (IWMI), National Irrigation Administration (NIA) Philippines and United States Agency for International Development (USAID), 1993

Basic Leadership Development Course, IWMI, NIA, USAID, co-editor, 1993

Financial System Management, IWMI, NIA, USAID, co-editor, 1993 (three volumes)

Designing and Managing Training Programs, IWMI, NIA, USAID, co-editor, 1993

Irrigation System Management, IWMI, NIA, USAID, co-editor, 1993

Provincial Irrigation Office-Irrigators Association [PIO-IA] Interface on Operation and Maintenance of Communal Irrigation Systems, IWMI, NIA, USAID, co-editor, 1993

Irrigation System Office-Irrigators Association [ISO-IA] Interface on the Operation and Maintenance of National Irrigation Systems, IWMI, NIA, USAID, co-editor, 1993