Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences

Metals and Millets: Inland and Coastal Millet Consumption Patterns seen through Stable Isotope Analysis in Bronze and Iron Age Croatia

Emma Lightfoota, Mario Šlausb, Petra Rajić Šikanjićc and Tamsin C. O’Connelld a = McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3ER, UK b = Anthropological Center, Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Ante Kovacica 5, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia c = Institute for Anthropological Research, Ljudevita Gaja 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia d = Department of Archaeology and Anthropology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3DZ, UK

Corresponding author: E Lightfoot, [email protected]

Online Resource 1: Human sample information and stable isotope results

Sample Site P Location Grave no Sex Element sampled % C % N C:N 13C (‰) 15N (‰) code e ELFL22 Ilok DKI B Inland 7 Pers 2 M Rib 39.2 14.8 3.1 -19.8 10.8 r ELFL23 Ilok DKI B Inland 7 Pers 1 M Rib 41.3 15.4 3.1 -20.0 10.8 r ELFL34 Prosik B Coast 5(2) F Rib 40.6 15.0 3.1 -20.1 8.1 r ELFL35 Prosik B Coast 3 M Rib 40.1 14.4 3.2 -20.0 8.6 r ELFL36 Prosik B Coast 4 J Rib 40.9 15.3 3.1 -19.7 8.5 r ELFL37 Prosik B Coast cent gr M Rib 45.3 17.0 3.1 -19.9 8.8 r ELFL38 Prosik B Coast 2 M Rib 43.0 15.6 3.2 -19.6 8.7 r ELFL39 Prosik B Coast 1 J Rib 39.9 14.0 3.3 -17.6 9.0 r ELFL40 Koprivo B Coast T1 cent grave F Long bone 40.5 14.4 3.3 -20.0 9.1 r ELFL44 Radošic-Biluska Griža B Coast T4 M Rib 38.8 13.7 3.2 -19.4 8.6 r ELFL45 Radošic-Biluska Griža B Coast T4 Grave 1 M Rib 36.0 13.3 3.2 -19.1 8.4 r ELFL46 Radošic-Biluska Griža B Coast T4 Grave 2A M Rib 47.4 17.4 3.2 -19.3 8.3 r ELFL47 Radošic-Biluska Griža B Coast T4 Grave 2B F Humerus 41.7 15.2 3.2 -19.3 8.5 r ELFL48 Radošic-Biluska Griža B Coast Tumulus 1 Segment Z7 M Rib 42.8 15.5 3.2 -18.4 8.1 r ELFL49 Radošic-Biluska Griža B Coast Tumulus 5 ?F Long bone 27.9 10.1 3.2 -19.5 8.4 r ELFL50 Radošic-Biluska Griža B Coast Tumulus 7 M Rib 35.2 12.6 3.3 -19.6 9.6 r ELFL51 Vučevica B Coast T4 G1 Pers1 F Long bone 38.4 14.1 3.2 -18.5 8.6 r ELFL52 Vučevica B Coast T4 G1 Pers2 M Long bone 36.3 13.2 3.2 -18.9 7.8 r ELFL53 Vučevica B Coast T4 G2 F Long bone 37.7 13.1 3.4 -21.2 4.8 r ELFL54 Vučevica B Coast T4 G3 J Crania 44.2 16.2 3.2 -19.7 11.0 r ELFL55 Vučevica B Coast T3 G1 J Rib 38.6 13.9 3.2 -20.2 8.7 r ELFL56 Vučevica B Coast T3 G2 J Rib 51.0 18.6 3.2 -19.6 7.9 r ELFL57 Vučevica B Coast T4 G4 M Humerus 36.3 13.2 3.2 -20.0 9.1 r ELFL58 Vučevica B Coast T4 G5 M Rib 39.6 14.3 3.2 -19.1 9.3 r ELFL60 Konjsko Polje B Coast T1 Jz Seg Pers A M Rib 37.0 13.5 3.2 -19.6 9.7 r ELFL61 Konjsko Polje B Coast T1 Jz Seg Pers B M Long bone 35.1 12.6 3.3 -19.0 8.6 r ELFL62 Konjsko Polje B Coast T1 Jz Seg Pers C J Tibia 37.9 13.7 3.2 -18.7 8.6 r ELFL63 Konjsko Polje B Coast T1 Cent Južui Kostor M Rib 35.1 12.7 3.2 -19.9 9.3 r ELFL64 Konjsko Polje B Coast T1 Cent Grave M Rib 33.4 12.0 3.2 -19.8 9.2 r ELFL65 Konjsko Polje B Coast T2 M Femur 39.5 14.1 3.3 -20.1 10.1 r ELFL067 Matrovici B Coast G2, 01 M Rib 44.9 16.3 3.2 -20.3 8.8 r ELFL068 Matrovici B Coast G1A F Rib 41.6 15.0 3.2 -20.1 8.0 r ELFL069 Matrovici B Coast G1B J Rib 44.4 15.8 3.3 -20.2 8.5 r ELFL070 Matrovici B Coast G1C J Rib 40.0 14.0 3.3 -20.0 9.1 r ELFL071 Veliki Vanik B Coast G2A J Ulna 39.5 14.3 3.2 -20.0 8.3 r ELFL072 Veliki Vanik B Coast G2B M Femur 46.4 16.6 3.3 -19.8 9.2 r ELFL073 Veliki Vanik B Coast G2C F Tibia 42.6 14.8 3.4 -20.1 8.7 r ELFL074 Veliki Vanik B Coast Sj 8/N54 F Rib 44.4 15.9 3.3 -20.3 8.5 r ELFL075 Veliki Vanik B Coast G3 ? Vertebra 30.1 10.2 3.4 -20.8 8.8 r ELFL076 Zavajane Ravca B Coast cent gr M Rib 47.7 17.1 3.2 -19.8 9.0 r VN001 Vinkovci-NAMA I Inland 1 M Rib 42.5 15.6 3.2 -16.3 9.4 r VN002A Vinkovci-NAMA I Inland 2 M Rib 41.7 15.2 3.2 -19.8 7.5 r VN003 Vinkovci-NAMA I Inland 3 M Rib 34.4 12.7 3.1 -16.2 9.8 r VN004 Vinkovci-NAMA I Inland 4 F Rib 39.6 14.7 3.1 -17.7 8.3 r VN014A Vinkovci-NAMA I Inland 14 F Femur 49.1 18.1 3.2 -16.8 9.6 r VN014B Vinkovci-NAMA I Inland 14 J Rib 39.9 14.6 3.2 -18.2 15.4 r VN018A Vinkovci-NAMA I Inland 18 M Tibia 38.2 14.1 3.2 -17.6 9.6 r VN018B Vinkovci-NAMA I Inland 18 F Rib 38.8 14.2 3.2 -20.5 10.0 r VN019 Vinkovci-NAMA I Inland 19 J Rib 46.2 16.9 3.2 -17.5 9.1 r VN999 Vinkovci-NAMA I Inland ? M Crania 37.7 14.0 3.1 -17.1 10.8 Online Resource 2: Publishedr animal data used for comparative purposes. Note that the samples described as caprids in figure 2 of Lightfoot et al (2012), should be described as ovicaprids as in the supplementary table provided with that paper.

Site Country Species Period 13C (‰) 15N (‰) Reference Dragišić Croatia (coastal) Sheep/goat Iron Age -20.7 5.6 Lightfoot et al 2012 Dragišić Croatia (coastal) Sheep/goat Iron Age -20.4 4.9 Lightfoot et al 2012 Dragišić Croatia (coastal) Sheep/goat Iron Age -19.9 4.1 Lightfoot et al 2012 Dragišić Croatia (coastal) Sheep/goat Iron Age -16.2 5.6 Lightfoot et al 2012 Dragišić Croatia (coastal) Sheep/goat Iron Age -20.1 5.9 Lightfoot et al 2012 Nadin-Gradina Croatia (coastal) Cow Iron Age -20.0 5.2 Lightfoot et al 2012 Olmo di Nogara Italy Goat Bronze Age -16.7 5.4 Tafuri et al 2009 Olmo di Nogara Italy Cow Bronze Age -17.8 6.5 Tafuri et al 2009 Madonna di Loreto Italy Goat Bronze Age -20.4 7.1 Tafuri et al 2009 Mereto Italy Cow Bronze Age -20.5 4.5 Tafuri et al 2009 Madonna di Loreto Slovenia Deer Bronze Age -20.4 7.2 Tafuri et al 2009 Magdalenska Gora Slovenia Horse Iron Age -21.8 5.1 Murray and Schoeninger 1988 Magdalenska Gora Slovenia Bos Iron Age -20.9 4 Murray and Schoeninger 1988 Magdalenska Gora Slovenia Sheep Iron Age -21.7 4.9 Murray and Schoeninger 1988 Magdalenska Gora Slovenia Sheep/goat Iron Age -21.6 6.4 Murray and Schoeninger 1988

Online Resource 3: Nadin Gradina burial information. Data from Lightfoot et al. (2012)

Gr Sample Tumulus av Burial Date Sex Age Grave type %C %N C:N 13C (‰) 15N (‰) code no e type no NM08/01 Iron Age 8 1 M 40-45 Unworked stone Multiple 40.6 14.5 3.3 -18.7 8.9 NM08/02 Iron Age 8 2 M 45-50 Simple pit Single 41.0 15.1 3.2 -18.3 10.3 NM08/03 Iron Age 8 3 M 40-45 Simple pit Single 43.5 15.9 3.2 -18.0 10.0 NM08/04 Iron Age 8 4 M 40-45 Simple pit Single 40.2 14.5 3.2 -18.1 10.0 NM08/05 Iron Age 8 5 F 35-40 Simple pit Single 41.9 15.1 3.3 -18.2 9.4 NM12/01A Iron Age 12 1A M 35-40 Unworked stone Multiple 39.2 14.2 3.2 -19.3 10.5 NM12/01B Iron Age 12 1B J 8-9 Unworked stone Multiple 42.9 15.7 3.2 -19.6 9.2 NM12/01C Iron Age 12 1C M 40-45 Unworked stone Multiple 41.5 15.1 3.2 -19.4 10.6 NM12/01D Iron Age 12 1D F 25-30 Unworked stone Multiple 41.1 15.0 3.2 -18.9 10.5 NM12/01E Iron Age 12 1E F 35-40 Unworked stone Multiple 39.7 14.4 3.2 -19.3 9.0 NM12/03 Iron Age 12 3 M 30-50 Simple pit Single 30.0 10.3 3.4 -19.3 10.3 NP001A Iron Age 13 1 M 40-45 Stone slabs Multiple 40.9 14.8 3.2 -19.2 9.0 NP001B Iron Age 13 1 ? adult Stone slabs Multiple 35.8 12.5 3.3 -19.4 9.6 NP001C Iron Age 13 1 F <45 Stone slabs Multiple 45.7 15.6 3.4 -19.7 9.8 NP001D Iron Age 13 1 ?M 35-40 Stone slabs Multiple 41.5 14.3 3.4 -19.6 9.5 NP001E Iron Age 13 1 J 12-17? Stone slabs Multiple 39.2 14.3 3.2 -19.4 10.4 NP002 Iron Age 13 2 J 8-9 Unworked stone Single 46.9 16.8 3.3 -18.5 8.2 NP003 Iron Age 13 3 ? adult Stone slabs Single 40.8 14.6 3.3 -16.6 9.5 NP005A Iron Age 13 5 M c. 45 Unworked stone Multiple 37.8 13.3 3.3 -19.0 10.6 NP005C Iron Age 13 5 J c. 5 Unworked stone Multiple 39.9 14.5 3.2 -19.4 8.5 NP006A Iron Age 13 6 M 20-25 Unworked stone Multiple 36.4 12.8 3.3 -19.1 10.5 NP006D Iron Age 13 6 J c. 6 Unworked stone Multiple 42.3 15.1 3.3 -19.7 8.6 NP008 Iron Age 13 8 ? >45 Unworked stone Single 40.0 14.6 3.2 -19.0 9.1 NP009A Iron Age 13 9 M <45 Stone slabs Multiple 39.1 13.9 3.3 -18.8 11.2 NP009B Iron Age 13 9 ? ? Stone slabs Multiple 38.4 13.8 3.2 -18.4 7.8 NP009C Iron Age 13 9 ? ? Stone slabs Multiple 39.9 14.1 3.3 -19.4 10.2 NP009D Iron Age 13 9 ? ? Stone slabs Multiple 41.3 14.8 3.2 -19.4 8.6 NP009E Iron Age 13 9 ? ? Stone slabs Multiple 42.4 15.4 3.2 -19.2 10.3 NP009F Iron Age 13 9 ? ? Stone slabs Multiple 42.5 15.7 3.2 -19.4 9.2 NP009G Iron Age 13 9 ? ? Stone slabs Multiple 42.0 15.1 3.3 -18.8 9.5 NP009H Iron Age 13 9 ? ? Stone slabs Multiple 37.9 13.6 3.3 -18.8 9.6 NP009K Iron Age 13 9 J child Stone slabs Multiple 44.1 15.9 3.2 -19.2 8.9 NP009L Iron Age 13 9 J 3-4 Stone slabs Multiple 39.4 14.4 3.2 -19.5 8.7 NP010B Iron Age 13 10 F adult Unworked stone Multiple 38.1 13.7 3.2 -20.0 8.3 NP014 Iron Age 13 14 F c. 25 Simple pit Single 41.7 15.0 3.2 -19.0 9.7 NP015 Iron Age 13 15 F c. 25 Simple pit Single 39.0 14.3 3.2 -18.0 9.4 NP017 Iron Age 13 17 F c. 20 Simple pit Single 40.0 14.5 3.2 -18.4 9.4 NP018 Iron Age 13 18 J 13-14 Simple pit Single 35.3 12.6 3.3 -18.0 8.6 NP019 Iron Age 13 19 ? midadult Simple pit Single 42.4 15.6 3.2 -19.3 9.1 NM06/01A Bronze Age 6 1A M 35-40 Unworked stone Multiple 45.0 15.8 3.3 -18.2 8.6 NM06/01B Bronze Age 6 1B F 25-30 Unworked stone Multiple 37.2 13.3 3.3 -19.0 10.2 NM06/01C Bronze Age 6 1C J 10-11 Unworked stone Multiple 39.9 14.4 3.3 -18.2 8.5 NM06/03A Bronze Age 6 3A M 40-45 Unworked stone Multiple 39.6 13.7 3.4 -19.4 9.9 NM06/03B Bronze Age 6 3B M 20-25 Unworked stone Multiple 38.3 13.5 3.3 -19.1 9.6 NM11/02 Bronze Age 11 2 F 30+ Simple pit Single 36.9 13.2 3.3 -18.5 10.2 NM11/03 Bronze Age 11 3 M 25-35 Simple pit Single 37.1 13.3 3.2 -18.0 10.1 NM11/04 Bronze Age 11 4 M 20-40 Unworked stone Single 34.4 12.4 3.3 -17.7 9.6