Hazardous Substances Data Bank s2

Hazardous Substances Data Bank, National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, MD. http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/

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NAPHTHENIC ACIDS CASRN: 1338-24-5 For other data, click on the Table of Contents

Human Health Effects:

Human Toxicity Excerpts:

NO SPECIFIC TOXICITY INFORMATION IS AVAILABLE DESPITE LONG & WIDESPREAD USE. ... [Gosselin, R.E., R.P. Smith, H.C. Hodge. Clinical Toxicology of Commercial Products. 5th ed. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins, 1984.,p. II-199]**PEER REVIEWED**

NO REPORTS OF HUMAN INJURY WERE FOUND ... IT SEEMS PROBABLE THAT THEIR PRINCIPAL EFFECT IS THAT OF MILD PRIMARY IRRITATION WHEN ENCOUNTERED IN HIGH CONCENTRATIONS. [Patty, F. (ed.). Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology: Volume II: Toxicology. 2nd ed. New York: Interscience Publishers, 1963. 1837]**PEER REVIEWED**

Skin, Eye and Respiratory Irritations:

Liquid is moderately irritating to eyes & slightly to moderately irritating to skin ... [U.S. Coast Guard, Department of Transportation. CHRIS - Hazardous Chemical Data. Volume II. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1984-5.]**PEER REVIEWED**

Emergency Medical Treatment:

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The following Overview, *** IRRITANTS ***, is relevant for this HSDB record chemical. Life Support:

o This overview assumes that basic life support measures have been instituted. Clinical Effects:

0.2.1 SUMMARY OF EXPOSURE 0.2.1.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE A) Whether a substance is labeled a "corrosive" or "irritant" depends on several factors: the nature of the substance, concentration, viscosity, pH, molarity, oxidation-reduction potential, complexing affinity toward bivalent ions etc. It is difficult to determine if a substance is a corrosive or irritant at a particular concentration. B) Irritants are substances that cause inflammation and swelling, but not cellular death and tissue damage; a corrosive causes cellular damage and death. C) Exposure via inhalation may result in headache, rhinorrhea, cough, shortness of breath, chest pain, bronchospasm and rarely, upper airway swelling or acute lung injury. D) Ingestion may cause irritation of the oral mucous membranes and esophagus. 0.2.4 HEENT 0.2.4.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE A) Irritants may cause swelling, redness and pain at any site, especially at mucous membranes. The mouth, nose, and eyes are susceptible to these effects. 0.2.6 RESPIRATORY 0.2.6.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE A) Cough, tachypnea, and wheezing are common after inhalation. 0.2.8 GASTROINTESTINAL 0.2.8.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE A) Nausea, vomiting and diarrhea are possible if ingested. 0.2.14 DERMATOLOGIC 0.2.14.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE A) Redness, swelling and pain may occur. 0.2.20 REPRODUCTIVE HAZARDS A) Pregnant female rats were exposed to N- methylpyrrolidone. Exposed offspring had normal motor function, activity levels, and low-level learning abilities. On higher-level learning tests, their performance was impaired compared to unexposed offspring. 0.2.21 CARCINOGENICITY 0.2.21.2 HUMAN OVERVIEW A) Development of sinonasal neoplasms has been associated with exposure to wood dust and other irritants. Laboratory:

A) No specific laboratory tests are necessary with the possible exception of testing the pH of the irritant substance and the pH of the ocular cul de sac with wide range pH paper. Treatment Overview:

0.4.2 ORAL EXPOSURE A) EMESIS - Not indicated due to the irritant nature of these agents. B) Charcoal - Not recommended; it may promote vomiting and make endoscopic evaluation difficult. C) DILUTION: Immediately dilute with 4 to 8 ounces (120 to 240 mL) of water or milk (not to exceed 4 ounces/120 mL in a child). D) NEUTRALIZATION - Neutralization is not indicated. E) Although these agents are irritants, and therefore should not produce tissue damage, it is almost impossible to assure that a particular substance under a particular set of circumstances would not cause damage. Therefore, each patient should be examined with the idea that mucous membrane damage might have occurred. 0.4.3 INHALATION EXPOSURE A) INHALATION: Move patient to fresh air. Monitor for respiratory distress. If cough or difficulty breathing develops, evaluate for respiratory tract irritation, bronchitis, or pneumonitis. Administer oxygen and assist ventilation as required. Treat bronchospasm with inhaled beta2 agonist and oral or parenteral corticosteroids. 0.4.4 EYE EXPOSURE A) DECONTAMINATION: Irrigate exposed eyes with copious amounts of room temperature water for at least 15 minutes. If irritation, pain, swelling, lacrimation, or photophobia persist, the patient should be seen in a health care facility. B) If in a medical facility, sterile saline should be used to irrigate the eyes until the cul de sac is returned to neutrality. Some alkali exposures may require prolonged irrigation. Range of Toxicity:

A) The extent of damage will depend on a number of factors including concentration, mechanism of action, pH, free acidity and alkalinity, molarity and oxidation-reduction potential. In most cases these factors are more important than volume. Besides its irritant effect, a substance may also have some type of systemic effect. Observe for any potential systemic effects as is appropriate for each compound. (KHAT) [Rumack BH POISINDEX(R) Information System Micromedex, Inc., Englewood, CO, 2004; CCIS Volume 122, edition expires Nov, 2004. Hall AH & Rumack BH (Eds): TOMES(R) Information System Micromedex, Inc., Englewood, CO, 2004; CCIS Volume 122, edition expires Nov, 2004.]**PEER REVIEWED**

Animal Toxicity Studies:

Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts:

... ACUTE ORAL TOXICITY TO RATS IS LOW. [Patty, F. (ed.). Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology: Volume II: Toxicology. 2nd ed. New York: Interscience Publishers, 1963. 1837]**PEER REVIEWED**

THE SURFACE ACTIVITY OF NK-240 (A MIXT OF NAPHTHENIC ACIDS OF AVG MOL WT OF 240) & 9 OF ITS FRACTIONS CORRELATED WITH THE ABILITY OF THE SUBSTANCES TO INCR PERMEABILITY OF ASCITES TUMOR CELLS IN VITRO TO POTASSIUM. [NIZHNII SV ET AL; KHIM FARM ZH 11 (5): 100-3 (1977)]**PEER REVIEWED**

IM INJECTIONS OF CYCLOPENTANE NAPHTHENIC ACID (150 MG/KG) & CYCLOPENTANE PERHYDROPHENANTHRENIC NAPHTHENIC HYDROCARBON (150 MG/KG) FOR 10 DAYS INCR VASCULAR PERMEABILITY FOR (43)K IN CAPILLARIES OF RATS FROM BLOOD TO TISSUE. [MAIZELIS MY ET AL; BIOL NAUK 1: 39-45 (1976)]**PEER REVIEWED** 10-7 MOLAR NAPHTHENIC ACIDS ELEVATED THE CONCN OF K+ IN MEDIUM, PROBABLY BY INCR CELL PERMEABILITY. HIGHER CONCN OF NAPHTHENIC ACIDS STIMULATED RESP & FURTHER INCR EFFLUX OF K+ FROM CELLS. AT GREATER THAN 10-4 MOLAR IT COMPLETELY INHIBITED RESP & CAUSED OXIDN OF CYTOCHROMES. [SLIVINSKII GG ET AL; VESTN AKAD NAUK KAZ SSR 10: 39-43 (1976)]**PEER REVIEWED**

In dogs and rabbits that received naphthenic acids (10 mg/kg, intravenously, and 5-15 mg/kg, intramuscularly, respectively), a notable effect was observed on hemopoiesis of both the red and white cells and a greater effect was observed on platelet formation. [Mehilli S; Bul Univ Tiranes, Ser Shkencat Mjekesore 22 (3): 93-6 (1982)]**PEER REVIEWED**

The LD50s of naphthenic acids (a mixture of isomers of dimethylcyclohexanecarboxylic acid) in mice and rats were 1770 and 1750 mg/kg, respectively, and those of alkylbenzoic acids (alkylbenzoic acid, major components: dimethylbenzoic acid isomers) were 2850 and 4600 mg/kg, respectively. Cumulative properties of naphthenic acids were mild and those of alkylbenzoic acid were not pronounced. [Uzhdavini ER, Glukharev YA; Gig Tr Prof Zabol (9): 48-9 (1984)]**PEER REVIEWED**

Concn of naphthenic acid higher than 0.02 mg/l had unfavorable effects on the fertility of roe and survivability of the sturgeon. [Gireev NM; Izv Akad Nauk Az SSR, Ser Biol Nauk (2): 110-4 (1982)]**PEER REVIEWED**

Non-Human Toxicity Values:

LD50 MOUSE ORAL 7.17 G/KG [RUBINSKAYA SE; TR AZERB NAUCHNO-ISSLED INST GIG TR PROF ZABOL 9: 37-40 (1974)]**PEER REVIEWED**

LD50 RAT ORAL 6.42 G/KG [RUBINSKAYA SE; TR AZERB NAUCHNO-ISSLED INST GIG TR PROF ZABOL 9: 37-40 (1974)]**PEER REVIEWED**

TSCA Test Submissions:

In a one generation reproduction study naphthenic acid in a carrier oil was administered dermally to 12 proven male New Zealand White rabbits at 2 ml/animal for 6 hrs, 5 days each week over 10, weeks and observed for an additional 12 week post-exposure period. There were no significant differences between treated and control animals in the following: survival, body weights, testes weights, numbers of animals achieving 1 or 2 viable litters or pregnancies, numbers of implantations, pre- or post-implantation losses, numbers of viable fetuses. There were no signs of toxicity either systemically or at the site of application and no macroscopic or microscopic pathological findings. [Shell Research Limited, London; Toxicity Studies on Oil Additives: One-Generation Reproduction Study in Male Rabbits Repeatedly Treated Dermally With SAP 011 For 10 Weeks. (1983), EPA Document No. 40-9471080, Fiche No. OTS0507494 ] **UNREVIEWED**

Metabolism/Pharmacokinetics:

Pharmacology:

Environmental Fate & Exposure:

Natural Pollution Sources:

Gulf and West coast crudes are relatively high in these acids. [Sax, N.I. and R.J. Lewis, Sr. (eds.). Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary. 11th ed. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., 1987. 807]**PEER REVIEWED**

Environmental Bioconcentration:

The mollusks, Cerastoderma lamarcki and Mytilaster lineatus absorbed and released a more toxic oil, containing 1.22% naphthenic acids, from laboratory emulsions more slowly than less toxic oil containing 0.24% naphthenic acids. The rates of filtration and absorption decreased as the oil concn in water increased from 1.5 to 10.25 mg/l. Mytilaster lineatus accumulated 0.0180 and 0.026 mg/l from the less and more toxic oil suspensions, respectively, containing 2.5 and 1.5 mg oil/l, respectively. The less toxic oil was eliminated completely within 57 days, whereas the residue of the more toxic oil in the mollusks was 0.000035 mg/g after 47 days in clean water. [Kasymov AG, Likhodeeva NF; Gidrobiol Zh 20 (4): 63-6 (1984)]**PEER REVIEWED**

Environmental Standards & Regulations:

CERCLA Reportable Quantities: Persons in charge of vessels or facilities are required to notify the National Response Center (NRC) immediately, when there is a release of this designated hazardous substance, in an amount equal to or greater than its reportable quantity of 100 lb or 45.4 kg. The toll free number of the NRC is (800) 424-8802; In the Washington D.C. metropolitan area (202) 426-2675. The rule for determining when notification is required is stated in 40 CFR 302.4 (section IV. D.3.b). [54 FR 33419 (8/14/89)]**PEER REVIEWED**

Clean Water Act Requirements:

Designated as a hazardous substance under section 311(b)(2)(A) of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act and further regulated by the Clean Water Act Amendments of 1977 and 1978. These regulations apply to discharges of this substance. [40 CFR 116.4 (7/1/88)]**QC REVIEWED**

Chemical/Physical Properties:

Molecular Formula:

UVCB **PEER REVIEWED**

Color/Form:

Gold to black liq [U.S. Coast Guard, Department of Transportation. CHRIS - Hazardous Chemical Data. Volume II. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1984-5.]**PEER REVIEWED**

Boiling Point:

BP: 270-470 deg F= 132-243 deg C= 405-516 deg K (at 1 atm) [U.S. Coast Guard, Department of Transportation. CHRIS - Hazardous Chemical Data. Volume II. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1984-5.]**PEER REVIEWED**

Density/Specific Gravity:

Sp gr: 0.982 at 20 deg C/4 deg C (liquid) [U.S. Coast Guard, Department of Transportation. CHRIS - Hazardous Chemical Data. Volume II. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1984-5.]**PEER REVIEWED**

Solubilities:

SOL IN OIL [International Labour Office. Encyclopedia of Occupational Health and Safety. Vols. I&II. Geneva, Switzerland: International Labour Office, 1983. 47]**PEER REVIEWED**

Other Chemical/Physical Properties:

CRUDE ACIDS HAVE UNPLEASANT ODORS BUT NOT IF PURIFIED. [Gosselin, R.E., R.P. Smith, H.C. Hodge. Clinical Toxicology of Commercial Products. 5th ed. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins, 1984.,p. II-199]**PEER REVIEWED**

CORROSIVE TO METALS /COMMERCIAL GRADE/ [Sax, N.I. and R.J. Lewis, Sr. (eds.). Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary. 11th ed. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., 1987. 807]**PEER REVIEWED**

DARK-COLORED MALODOROUS MIXTURE /COMMERCIAL GRADE/ [International Labour Office. Encyclopedia of Occupational Health and Safety. Vols. I&II. Geneva, Switzerland: International Labour Office, 1983. 47]**PEER REVIEWED**

COMMERCIAL ACIDS ARE USUALLY VISCOUS LIQ MIXTURES & MAY BE SEPARATED AS LOW & HIGH BOILING FRACTIONS. MOL WEIGHTS VARY FROM 180 TO 350. [International Labour Office. Encyclopedia of Occupational Health and Safety. Vols. I&II. Geneva, Switzerland: International Labour Office, 1983. 47]**PEER REVIEWED**

Chemical Safety & Handling:

DOT Emergency Guidelines:

Fire or explosion: Some may burn but none ignite readily. Those substance designated with a "P" may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire. Containers may explode when heated. Some may be transported hot. [U.S. Department of Transportation. 2000 Emergency Response Guidebook. RSPA P 5800.8 Edition. Washington, D.C: U.S. Government Printing Office, 2000,p. G- 171]**QC REVIEWED**

Health: Inhalation of material may be harmful. Contact may cause burns to skin and eyes. Inhalation of asbestos dust may have a damaging effect on the lungs. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control may cause pollution. [U.S. Department of Transportation. 2000 Emergency Response Guidebook. RSPA P 5800.8 Edition. Washington, D.C: U.S. Government Printing Office, 2000,p. G- 171]**QC REVIEWED**

Public safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number. ... Isolate spill or leak area immediately for at least 10 to 25 meters (30 to 80 feet) in all directions. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. [U.S. Department of Transportation. 2000 Emergency Response Guidebook. RSPA P 5800.8 Edition. Washington, D.C: U.S. Government Printing Office, 2000,p. G- 171]**QC REVIEWED**

Protective clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Structural firefighters' protective clothing will only provide limited protection. [U.S. Department of Transportation. 2000 Emergency Response Guidebook. RSPA P 5800.8 Edition. Washington, D.C: U.S. Government Printing Office, 2000,p. G- 171]**QC REVIEWED**

Evacuation: Fire: If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. [U.S. Department of Transportation. 2000 Emergency Response Guidebook. RSPA P 5800.8 Edition. Washington, D.C: U.S. Government Printing Office, 2000,p. G- 171]**QC REVIEWED**

Fire: Small fires: Dry chemical, CO2, water spray or regular foam. Large fires: Water spray, fog or regular foam. Move containers from fire area if you can do it without risk. Do not scatter spilled material with high pressure water streams. Dike fire-control water for later disposal. Fire involving tanks: Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from engulfed in fire tanks. [U.S. Department of Transportation. 2000 Emergency Response Guidebook. RSPA P 5800.8 Edition. Washington, D.C: U.S. Government Printing Office, 2000,p. G- 171]**QC REVIEWED**

Spill or leak: Do not touch or walk through spilled material. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent dust cloud. Avoid inhalation of asbestos dust. Small dry spills: With clean shovel place material into clean, dry container and cover loosely; move containers from spill area. Small spills: Take up with sand or other noncombustible absorbent material and place into containers for later disposal. Large spills: Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal. Cover powder spill with plastic sheet or tarp to minimize spreading. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. [U.S. Department of Transportation. 2000 Emergency Response Guidebook. RSPA P 5800.8 Edition. Washington, D.C: U.S. Government Printing Office, 2000,p. G- 171]**QC REVIEWED**

First aid: Move victim to fresh air. Call 911 or emergency medical service. Apply artificial respiration if victim is not breathing. Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult. Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes. In case of contact with substance, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes. Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved, and take precautions to protect themselves. [U.S. Department of Transportation. 2000 Emergency Response Guidebook. RSPA P 5800.8 Edition. Washington, D.C: U.S. Government Printing Office, 2000,p. G- 171]**QC REVIEWED**

Skin, Eye and Respiratory Irritations:

Liquid is moderately irritating to eyes & slightly to moderately irritating to skin ... [U.S. Coast Guard, Department of Transportation. CHRIS - Hazardous Chemical Data. Volume II. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1984-5.]**PEER REVIEWED**

Flammable Limits:

Lower 1.0% [U.S. Coast Guard, Department of Transportation. CHRIS - Hazardous Chemical Data. Volume II. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1984-5.]**PEER REVIEWED**

Flash Point:

300 deg F (open cup) [U.S. Coast Guard, Department of Transportation. CHRIS - Hazardous Chemical Data. Volume II. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1984-5.]**PEER REVIEWED**

Fire Fighting Procedures:

Foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide. Water may be ineffective. [U.S. Coast Guard, Department of Transportation. CHRIS - Hazardous Chemical Data. Volume II. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1984-5.]**PEER REVIEWED**

Protective Equipment & Clothing:

Safety glasses or face mask. [U.S. Coast Guard, Department of Transportation. CHRIS - Hazardous Chemical Data. Volume II. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1984-5.]**PEER REVIEWED**

Preventive Measures:

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry is conflicting. The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place. **PEER REVIEWED**

SRP: Contaminated protective clothing should be segregated in such a manner so that there is no direct personal contact by personnel who handle, dispose, or clean the clothing. Quality assurance to ascertain the completeness of the cleaning procedures should be implemented before the decontaminated protective clothing is returned for reuse by the workers. Contaminated clothing should not be taken home at end of shift, but should remain at employee's place of work for cleaning. **PEER REVIEWED**

Cleanup Methods:

WATER CONTAINING PETROLEUM PRODUCTS 80 & NAPHTHENIC ACIDS 20 MG/L, BOD 105 MG O/L AERATED IN PRESENCE OF ACTIVATED SLUDGE FOR 3 DAYS IN LAB. PETROLEUM PRODUCTS DECR BY 97.5% & BOD BECAME 23 MG O/L. METHOD COULD BE USED TO PURIFY WASH WATERS FROM CLEANING SPILLS. [SEMENOVA EI, SHEVCHENKO MG; KHIM TEKHNOL VODY 2 (2): 178-9 (1980)]**PEER REVIEWED**

WATER WAS TREATED WITH AIR CONTAINING 17-25 MG O/L. DEGREE OF PURIFICATION INCR WITH TIME OF TREATMENT & WITH PH OF EFFLUENT. [ISMAILOV SI, SHARIFOV RR; MATER VSES MEZHVUZ KONF OZONU, 2ND: 105 (1977)]**PEER REVIEWED**

WASTE WATER WAS FILTERED THROUGH ACTIVATED CARBON OR MANGANESE ORE CONCN TO REMOVE 97 OR 65% OF ORG MATTERS RESPECTIVELY. ALUMINUM ELECTRODES DECR ORG SUBSTANCES BY 62- 67%. [SOLOMYANIKA SA, KUZMISHCHEVA VA; OBOGASHCH RUD CHERN MET 4: 119-24 (1975)]**PEER REVIEWED**

Disposal Methods:

BIOLOGICAL SLUDGE ESP ADAPTED TO NAPHTHENIC ACIDS DEGRADED 97% OF THESE ACIDS IN 6 HR. SULFONIC ACIDS PRESENT DID NOT ADVERSELY AFFECT THE SYSTEM BUT DID DECR THE O TRANSFER & WERE ONLY PARTIALLY DEGRADED, SO THAT OXIDIZABILITY OF EFFLUENT WAS INCR. [POP VI, IONESCU-HOMORICEANU SI; REV CHIM (BUCHAREST) 26 (3): 241-3 (1975)]**PEER REVIEWED**

Occupational Exposure Standards:

Manufacturing/Use Information:

Major Uses:

AS SOLVENTS, DETERGENTS, RUBBER RECLAIMING AGENTS. [Sax, N.I. and R.J. Lewis, Sr. (eds.). Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary. 11th ed. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., 1987. 807]**PEER REVIEWED**

CHEM INT FOR NAPHTHENATE RUST & CORROSION INHIBITORS; CHEM INT FOR THE METAL NAPHTHENATES: LEAD (LUBRICANT & DRIER); COBALT, MANGANESE, & IRON (CATALYST & DRIER); COPPER (FUNGICIDE & DRIER); CALCIUM & ZINC (DRIER); MAGNESIUM (CATALYST); SODIUM (EMULSIFIER). [SRI]**PEER REVIEWED**

Oxidation of naphthenic acid with nitric acid in the presence of vanadium catalyst /is used/ to form succinic acid. [Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology. 3rd ed., Volumes 1-26. New York, NY: John Wiley and Sons, 1978-1984.,p. 21(78) 855]**PEER REVIEWED** Activators for organic peroxides. [CHEMICAL PRODUCTS SYNOPSIS: Naphthenic acids-naphthenate salts, 1981]**PEER REVIEWED**

Production of metallic naphthenates for paint driers and cellulose preservatives. [Sax, N.I. and R.J. Lewis, Sr. (eds.). Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary. 11th ed. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., 1987. 807]**PEER REVIEWED**

Manufacturers:

ATLANTIC RICHFIELD CO, ARCO CHEM CO, DIV, CARSON, CA 90745 [SRI]**PEER REVIEWED**

FERRO CORP, PRODUCTOL CHEM DIV, SANTA FE SPRINGS, CA 90670 [SRI]**PEER REVIEWED**

HEWCHEM, INC, GULFPORT, MS 39501 [SRI]**PEER REVIEWED**

STANDARD OIL CO OF CALIFORNIA, CHEVRON CHEM CO, SUBSID, PETROCHEM DIV, INDUSTRIAL CHEMICALS, PASCAGOULA, MS 39567 [SRI]**PEER REVIEWED**

Exxon Chemical Co, 133 West Loop South, Houston, TX 77027 [U.S. Coast Guard, Department of Transportation. CHRIS - Hazardous Chemical Data. Manual Two. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, Oct., 1978.]**PEER REVIEWED**

Eastman Organic Chemicals, Rochester, NY 14650 [U.S. Coast Guard, Department of Transportation. CHRIS - Hazardous Chemical Data. Manual Two. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, Oct., 1978.]**PEER REVIEWED**

Sun Oil Co, 1608 Walnut St, Philadelphia, PA 19103 [U.S. Coast Guard, Department of Transportation. CHRIS - Hazardous Chemical Data. Manual Two. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, Oct., 1978.]**PEER REVIEWED**

CPS Chemical Co, Inc, PO Box 162, Old Waterworks Road, Old Bridge, NJ 08857, (201) 727-3100 [CHEMICAL PROFILE: Naphthenic acid, 1985]**PEER REVIEWED**

Productol, Santa Fe Springs, CA [CHEMICAL PROFILE: Naphthenic Acid, 1985]**PEER REVIEWED** Mooney Chemicals, Inc, Two Mile Run Rd, Franklin, PA 16323, (814) 432-2125 [CHEMICAL PROFILE: Naphthenic Acid, 1985]**PEER REVIEWED**

Methods of Manufacturing:

EXTRACTION FROM CRUDE OIL WITH AQUEOUS SODIUM HYDROXIDE; DISTILLATION OF CRUDE OR REDUCED CRUDE OIL OVER SODIUM HYDROXIDE. [SRI]**PEER REVIEWED**

General Manufacturing Information:

IN COMMERCE /NAPHTHENIC ACIDS/ IS NAME OF ACIDIC PETROLEUM FRACTIONS, CONSISTING OF CYCLIC CARBOXYLIC ACIDS EXTRACTABLE FROM KEROSENE AND OIL. [Gosselin, R.E., R.P. Smith, H.C. Hodge. Clinical Toxicology of Commercial Products. 5th ed. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins, 1984.,p. II-199]**PEER REVIEWED**

SPRAYING GRAPES WITH 120 CC 40% NAPHTHENIC ACIDS SODIUM SALTS/HA ADDED TO 1% BORDEAUX MIXT INCR YIELD BY 13.3%, INCR SUGAR CONTENT BY 2.6%, & DECR ACIDITY BY 2.7 G/L IN COMPARISON WITH CONTROLS SPRAYED WITH 800 L OF 1% BORDEAUX MIXT/HA. [PUPKO VB; FIZIOL AKT VESHCHESTVA 6: 124-6 (1974)]**PEER REVIEWED**

Formulations/Preparations:

Typical of the acid materials present in commercial naphthenic acids are cyclopentylacetic acid and alkyl substituted cyclopentylacetic acids. The mixtures also contain fused chains of cyclopentylacetic acids and small amounts of cyclohexylacetic acids. [CHEMICAL PRODUCTS SYNOPSIS: Naphthenic acids-naphthenate salts, 1981]**PEER REVIEWED**

Impurities:

5-25 wt% hydrocarbons whose composition is the same as the petroleum fraction from which the naphthenic acids are derived. [Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology. 3rd ed., Volumes 1-26. New York, NY: John Wiley and Sons, 1978-1984. 778]**PEER REVIEWED**

Consumption Patterns: OF THE 4.7X10+8 GRAMS OF NAPHTHENIC ACID SALTS REPORTEDLY PRODUCED, 36% WAS LEAD NAPHTHENATE (LUBRICANT & DRIER); 24% WAS COBALT NAPHTHENATE (CATALYST & DRIER); 9% WAS COPPER NAPHTHENATE (FUNGICIDE & DRIER); 9% WAS CALCIUM NAPHTHENATE (DRIER); 8% WAS ZINC NAPHTHENATE (DRIER); 7% WAS MANGANESE NAPHTHENATE (CATALYST & DRIER); & 7% WERE OTHER SALTS (1975). [SRI]**PEER REVIEWED**

Naphthenate salts for paint driers, fungicides, catalysts and lube additives, 70%; others, including corrosion inhibitors, surfactants, cutting oils and exports, 30% (1984). [CHEMICAL PROFILE: Naphthenic acid, 1985]**PEER REVIEWED**

CHEMICAL PROFILE: Naphthenic acid. Copper and zinc naphthenate wood preservatives, 50%; cobalt, manganese, calcium, lead and other naphthenate salts for oil- based paint driers, catalysts and lube additives, 20%; others, including oil field corrosion inhibitors, surfacants, cutting oils and exports, 30%. [Kavaler AR; Chemical Marketing Reporter 232 (15): 54 (1987)]**PEER REVIEWED**

CHEMICAL PROFILE: Naphthenic acid. Demand: 1986: 30 million lb; 1987: 31 million lb; 1991 /projected/: 35 million lb. [Kavaler AR; Chemical Marketing Reporter 232 (15): 54 (1987)]**PEER REVIEWED**

U. S. Production:

(1972) 1.5X10+10 GRAMS [SRI]**PEER REVIEWED**

(1980) 1.14X10+10 g (est) [CHEMICAL PRODUCTS SYNOPSIS: Naphthenic acids-naphthenate salts, 1981]**PEER REVIEWED**

U. S. Imports:

(1975) 1.70X10+9 GRAMS [SRI]**PEER REVIEWED** (1984) 2.65X10+9 g [BUREAU OF THE CENSUS. U.S. IMPORTS FOR CONSUMPTION AND GENERAL IMPORTS 1984 p.1-357]**PEER REVIEWED**

Laboratory Methods:

Analytic Laboratory Methods:

MASS SPECTROSCOPY WAS USED TO STUDY COMPOSITION OF SEPARATED PETROLEUM ACIDS. ACIDS WERE AMBER YELLOW & INCL FATTY, MONO-, BI-, & TRICYCLIC, AROMATIC, & ALKYL SUBSTITUTED NAPHTHENIC AROMATIC & DINAPHTHENIC AROMATIC ACIDS. [ISMAILOV SI, VALIEV MA; AZERB NEFT KHOZ 6: 61-4 (1980)]**PEER REVIEWED**

OIL PRODUCTS IN SEA WATER WERE EXTRACTED WITH CHLOROFORM AND DETERMINED BY UV AT 292 NM. QUANTITY OF NAPHTHENIC ACIDS PASSING INTO WATER SOLN OF OIL PRODUCTS DEPENDED ON THE NATURE OF THE OIL. [MAZMANIDI ND ET AL; OKEANOLOGIYA 15 (3): 453-7 (1975)]**PEER REVIEWED**

Special References:

Synonyms and Identifiers:

Synonyms:

AGENAP **PEER REVIEWED**

Carboxylic acids, naphthenic **PEER REVIEWED**

NAPHTHENIC ACID **PEER REVIEWED**

Formulations/Preparations: Typical of the acid materials present in commercial naphthenic acids are cyclopentylacetic acid and alkyl substituted cyclopentylacetic acids. The mixtures also contain fused chains of cyclopentylacetic acids and small amounts of cyclohexylacetic acids. [CHEMICAL PRODUCTS SYNOPSIS: Naphthenic acids-naphthenate salts, 1981]**PEER REVIEWED**

Standard Transportation Number:

49 623 56; Naphthenic acids

Administrative Information:

Hazardous Substances Databank Number: 1178

Last Revision Date: 20021108

Last Review Date: Reviewed by SRP on 02/06/1991

Update History:

Complete Update on 11/08/2002, 1 field added/edited/deleted. Complete Update on 10/16/2002, 1 field added/edited/deleted. Complete Update on 02/13/2002, 1 field added/edited/deleted. Complete Update on 01/14/2002, 1 field added/edited/deleted. Complete Update on 08/09/2001, 1 field added/edited/deleted. Complete Update on 05/15/2001, 1 field added/edited/deleted. Complete Update on 02/08/2000, 1 field added/edited/deleted. Complete Update on 11/18/1999, 1 field added/edited/deleted. Complete Update on 08/26/1999, 1 field added/edited/deleted. Complete Update on 02/27/1998, 1 field added/edited/deleted. Complete Update on 10/20/1997, 1 field added/edited/deleted. Complete Update on 04/07/1997, 2 fields added/edited/deleted. Complete Update on 02/27/1997, 1 field added/edited/deleted. Complete Update on 01/21/1996, 1 field added/edited/deleted. Complete Update on 12/22/1994, 1 field added/edited/deleted. Complete Update on 05/05/1994, 1 field added/edited/deleted. Complete Update on 03/25/1994, 1 field added/edited/deleted. Field update on 12/19/1992, 1 field added/edited/deleted. Complete Update on 09/10/1991, 38 fields added/edited/deleted. Field Update on 05/04/1990, 1 field added/edited/deleted. Complete Update on 10/14/1986