People on the Move: Migration and Immigration from 1865 - 1890

People on the Move 1865-1890

Snapshot: Analyze each picture. For each picture list five things you see (or think you see) and explain what you believe is going on in the picture.

Picture 1: ______

Picture 2: ______

Picture 3: ______

I. Going West

A. ______: those seeking fortune were given ______(or bought land for a low price) through government policies such as the ______Act of 1862. In order to obtain the land, settlers had to agree to farm it for at least ______years. What new mechanical inventions helped homesteaders to plow the land and harvest their crops? The ______plow invented by John ______and the Mechanical ______invented by Cyrus ______.

B. Cattle Ranching and ______: Thanks to new technologies (refrigerated box cars), ______from cattle was a very hot commodity. Driven by opportunity and freedom many settlers ended up as ______(_____% of which were newly freed slaves) herding cattle and driving them over the ______range to cattle towns along ______lines.

______- African Americans who left the south and became farmers in the west

There were many factors which caused an end to cowboys and cattle drives. Many cattle ______the region, causing poor soil conditions (as a result ______didn’t grow as well). Also, around 1880, ______hit many cattle. Finally, the cattle drives ended with the invention which put an end to the open range once and for all: ______

C.______: Various types of precious ______(most notably ______& ______) were discovered throughout the West. Some ______(miners working to find the gold and silver) worked by themselves or as a family.

That’s not to say that only individuals were seeking gold. ______bought vast quantities of land when gold or silver was discovered. Many times they established huge mining ______. The prospectors here were not seeking gold or silver as much as a ______. As gold and silver were discovered, mines were built, and mining ______grew up around the mines. These towns provided miners with places to live while they were working in the mines. Some mining towns grew into thriving communities; others, however, became deserted after the mines were ______(these became known as ______) II. ______A. First they lost their most prized necessity: ______

B. Then they lost their land: The Native Americans fought against the intrusion on their land. Sometimes they were successful. Ultimately battles and outright ______of their people forced Native Americans to ______where the government tried to ______them. The Native Americans were gradually displaced farther west or to ______lands in the east. These reservations could be hundreds of miles from the ______tribal lands and were usually much smaller in area and of different character. The displacements often resulted in the disintegration of lifestyles and______.

III. Immigrants “The New ______” by Emma ______: Here at our sea-washed, sunset gates shall stand A mighty woman with a ______, whose flame Is the imprisoned lightning, and her name Mother of ______. From her beacon-hand Glows world-wide welcome; her mild eyes command The air-bridged harbor that twin cities frame. “Keep, ancient lands, your storied pomp!” cries she With silent lips. “Give me your ______, your ______, Your huddled masses yearning to breathe ______, The wretched ______of your teeming shore. Send these, the ______, tempest-tost, to me, I lift my lamp beside the ______door!”

A. New Immigrants: Came from Eastern European countries like ______, Greece, the ______countries etc. They came to the East coast. Old Immigrants (1750 – 1860) came from ______European countries like England, ______and Germany. Immigrants who arrived on the east coast worked in ______and steel mills in the Northeast, the ______industry in New York City, and Slavs, Italians, and Poles worked in the ______mines of the East.

B. ______Immigrants (mainly from ______) came to the West Coast. Many of these immigrants helped to build the ______Railroad.

C. Immigrants arriving on the East Coast were eventually ______at ______Island (NYC). West Coast immigrants were processed at ______Island.

D. They were subjected to physical and mental ______. Why?

E. Education: The U.S. used ______to try to ______all immigrants.

F. At first most were ______, but that didn’t last long. Why? ______; they would also work for lower ______. That upset a lot of workers. With the Chinese ______Act, immigration from China to the U.S. was halted for over _____ years. Other laws restricted the rights of other Asian immigrants. Immigration ______Act of 1921 effectively ______most immigration to America for the next several decades.

Closure:

Who am I? Answers – New Immigrant, Chinese Immigrant, Native American, Exoduster, speculator, cowboy, prospector, Cyrus McCormick, Polish Immigrant, Homesteader,

1. I was forced from my land and forced to adopt American values: ______2. I have lost everything looking for gold and silver in the American West: ______3. I work in the dangerous coal mines of the Appalachian Mountains: ______4. I received free land from the government just for moving out west: ______5. I bought vast amounts of land hoping it is filled with precious minerals: ______6. I left my homeland to come to America. The Statue of Liberty greeted me as I sailed into New York Harbor, but I am examined for entry at Ellis Island. ______7. I left the south to escape the Klan. Now I farm the fields of the Great Plains:______8. I have dust in my face as I drive the steers north to the Cowtown of Kansas City: ______9. I invented a device that allows farmers to harvest their crops more easily: ______10. I came across the Pacific Ocean and work on the western railroads: ______

1. How long did homesteaders have to farm their land in order to own the land? ______

2. List three reasons why people came west. A. ______B. ______C. ______

3. What did cowboys do? ______

4. Where did cowboys help to drive their cattle?

5. How do the words reservation and assimilation relate to the Native American population during the late 1800s? A. reservation: ______B. assimilation: ______

6. What part of Europe did the New Immigrants come from? ______

7. Where were the immigrants processed? A. On the east coast: ______B. On the west coast: ______

What two legislative acts helped to limit immigration? ______& ______Read the “The New Colossus” by Emma Lazarus and answer these questions:

Who is the mighty women with a torch? ______Who were the huddled masses yearning to breath free? ______What was the Golden Door? ______