Are You Suprised ? s4

Industrial Dayton

Marcia Holloway Nearby History: A Summer Institute For Teachers July 10, 2002

1 Introduction

As residents of Dayton, Ohio it is imperative that students have an understanding of

their environment. It is important to educate students about their city of residence.

Students should be able to visit the highlights of Dayton history throughout time.

In recognizing Dayton’s history we must dwell upon famous Daytonians and the

contributions that they made toward industrializing the “Gem City”. Dayton has

been called the “City of a Thousand Factories”. We have changed, and through the

change we have advanced.

The unit on Dayton will be taught for two weeks. The students will learn about the numerous industries and their founders in the Dayton area. In the second week of the unit students will learn about the impact of economic development upon the Dayton community during the late 1800’s and the early 1900’s. This resource unit is to give an introduction into Dayton’s world of industry.

2 Concepts

Humanatarium Lowe Brothers Co.

Innovator United Brethren Printing

Benefactor Stoddard - Dayton

Commercial Growth Capital

Engineer Equal Employment

Ignition Economic Expansion

Aviation Precedent

Industry Discrimination

General Manager Segregation

Agricultural Equipment Integration

DELCO Jonathan D. Maxwell

Headmaster Chrysler Airtemp

NCR Precision Tool

Liberty Aircraft Engine Roscoe C. Iddings

Carillon Park Craftsman

Barney & Smith Car Workers Elton F. MacDonald

Inland Will Coppel

E.F. McDonald Co. Charles Kettering

“Barn Gang” Richard Grant

General Motors Thomas Midgley

Ritty Cash Register The Dayton – Wright Airplane Co.

John W. Stoddard & Co. Aeronautical

3 Warplanes

Edward Deeds

Wright Patterson Air Force Base

John H. Patterson

Huffy Corporation

Technology

4 Content

Dayton maintained a varied and extensive industrial heritage throughout its history. The history of Dayton, from early statehood to the present, has affected the economic and cultural advances in this area. The early innovations and inventors here have left their mark on some of today’s major industries. In addition, Dayton innovations and inventors have contributed to the technological advancements of the U.S. and the world. As citizens of Dayton, students need to have both an understanding and be able to identify outstanding Daytonians involved in this area’s industrial advancements.

5 Objectives

As a result of instruction students will be able to accomplish the following:

1. Identify key inventors from the immediate Dayton area and their inventions.

2. Recall many early inventions made in Dayton.

3. Locate areas of Dayton where inventions and industries existed.

4. Discuss Dayton industries and their contributions to the technological advancement of

the U.S. and the world.

5. Recall who are the Dayton founders.

6. State how Dayton began its industrial heritage.

7. Examine African Americans role as the city became industrialized.

8. Recognize the growth of the city as a result of the rise of industry.

9. Discuss key Daytonians involved in the area’s industrial progress.

10. Produce their own chart using their knowledge of the number of industries that

existed during the 1940’s vs. today.

11. Rank Dayton’s present industries against another urban city in Ohio.

12. Describe the various types of industries that existed in Dayton.

13. Compare/Contrast their lives to Daytonians living here in the 1940’s.

14. Examine the culture of African-Americans who relocated here from the south as a

part of Dayton’s history.

15. Relate Dayton’s numerous industries to World History.

16. Transform themselves into a famous Daytonian; provide info about them.

17. Organize inventions in Dayton chronologically.

18. Examine different occupations in Dayton.

6 19. Associate the Dayton Aviation Heritage National Historical Park with Dayton history.

20. Locate and discuss photos from the 1850’s – 1940’s.

21. Identify products produced by local industries and discuss how they have changed

since the time of the photos.

7 Activities

Week 1 Viewing of Resources & Field Trip

During this week of activities, the students will look at different photos, articles from newspapers, pamphlets and books. The students will learn about the history of Dayton’s industrial empowerment.

Divide students into teams and ask them to list the names of industries in the

Dayton area and discuss Dayton’s industrial beginning. Students will learn what companies got their start during the period of 1890 – 1940.

The class will be divided into groups and will identify the name of a company that existed in the 1800’s – 1940, and that possibly exists today. Students will learn from reading sources and the use of technology how to find all of the significant factors about a company and its’ founder(s).

Students will form companies and will meet as a group to prepare for oral presentations about their company and its founder(s). The presentation can be in the form of a skit, a PowerPoint presentation, or as a “round-table” discussion. Photographs or replicas of the particular product(s) must be used.

Companies will meet for twenty minutes to finalize plans for presentation to the class. Using a collection of photographs, identify those industrial buildings that are still

8 standing today, and try to pinpoint the location of those that are no longer in existence.

Students will learn the specific locations of industries in Dayton.

Students will learn about the contributions that the Wright Bros. made to Dayton industrial history. The students will visit the Dayton Aviation Heritage National Historic

Park. The students will write a letter to Wilbur and Orville about their tour.

Week 2 Presentations & Discussion

Students will learn about specific industries in the Dayton area. Students will present oral presentations. Time will be allotted for questions and discussion after each presentation.

Students will continue their oral presentations if needed. Students will rate the oral presentations and provide feedback to their peers.

Students will learn what industrial employment options are available today.

Students will compare/contrast the number of industries that exist in Dayton today and determine employment requirements for those industries.

Students will learn the concept of being an innovator in the field of industry.

They will examine the need for innovative individuals to continue to invent and improve today’s industries.

9 Day 10

Cite and expound upon reasons for change of industries' existence and advancements. The students will need to brainstorm about today’s world of technology.

10 Evaluation

Unit Test – Industrial Dayton

Multiple Choice

Read each question and answer carefully. Circle the letter corresponding to the best answer for each question.

1. Which individual is the founder of NCR? a. Charles Kettering b. John H. Patterson c. Jonathan D. Maxwell d. Roscoe C. Iddings

2. What is the early form of transportation manufactured by several companies of various times in Dayton’s history? a. Airplane b. Bicycle c. Ship d. Car

3. Identify the company responsible for the development of the electric, self-starting ignition system? a. DELCO b. INLAND c. Frigidaire d. Standard Register

4. Name the fire extinguisher producer that carried the name of Dayton, Ohio across the country in the early 1900’s. a. McCall b. Stoddard c. Fyr Fytr d. Barney

5. The innovative “daylight” factory that has grown to one of Dayton’s largest and most successful, influential business is? a. DELCO b. NCR c. Reynolds & Reynolds d. INLAND

11 True/False

Read each question, and then circle the letter corresponding to True or False. Then write a written response to why the statement is true or false.

1. Dayton is known as the birthplace of automobiles a. True b. False Why?

2. African-Americans did not work in the factories during the 1930’s and 1940’s. a. True b. False Why?

Short Essay

1. Compare and contrast your life to that of an individual during 1900-1940.

2. What are three primary reasons that Dayton has changed from being a “City of a Thousand Factories”?

12 Teacher References

Books:

Dayton Daily News (1995). For the Love of Dayton, Life in the Miami Valley 1796- 1996 Dayton, Ohio: Dayton Daily News

This book takes a year by year look at life, via photographs and captions, in and around Dayton during the 200 years since settlers first set foot on the banks of the Great Miami River.

Drury, A. W. History of Dayton and Montgomery County Ohio

This book describes the various aspects of urban life for example it describes the history of Dayton Commerce, Dayton government, land and titles etc

Green, James R. (1980). The World of the Worker: Labor in the Twentieth-Century America. New York: Hill and Wang

Discusses labor in twentieth-century America for blue-collar workers, professionals and inventors.

Websites:

American Social History Project (CUNY; contains many primary sources on labor history) – http://www.osc.cuny.edu/~ashp/

“The African-American Experience in Ohio, 1850-1920” (Library of Congress; Ohio Historical Society) – http://www.ohiohistory.org

13 Student References

Akers, Kathy & Montgomery, Jeannine (1995). Let’s Discover Ohio. Kettering, Ohio: Scherholy Graphics Publishing Company.

This book is directed toward young readers. It has large and easy reading text. The book has several photographs as well as illustrations of industries and their founders.

Alston, Harvey (1996). Ohio. Ankato: Capstone Press.

The text provides a time line of Ohio history, gives famous Ohioans, a glossary of Internet sites as resources. The book is broken down into broad topics on Ohio. It also has bright pictures that help students see famous Ohioans.

Brown, Dottie. (1995). Ohio.

Details historical facts, describes Ohio’s history and famous Ohioans.

Conover, Charlotte Reeve. (1917). The Story of Dayton. Dayton: The Otterbein Press.

A rare book, available for children, full of Dayton Historical Facts.

Gordon, Patricia & Snow, Reed. (1999). Kids Learn America. Charlotte: Williams Publishing.

This fun and interesting book surveys the history and culture of the states and territories of the United States. It gives several photographs on information on each state in the U.S.

Howe, Robert T. (1995). Ohio Yesterday and Today. Cincinnati: Roblen Publisher

This book has easy to read text. It provides information on how individual businesses relate to the ten most important industries of today. The book has colorful illustrations and charts that help to explain the growth of the Dayton industry.

Jones, William B. (1997). Ohio’s Praise In Pictures.

Details early developers, natural resources, inventors, craftsman and entrepreneurs in Ohio.

14 Kane, Joseph N., Anzovin, Steven & Podell, Janet. (1996). Facts about the States.

Gives historical facts about the weather, famous citizens and important facts about each of the 50 states, includes commerce facts regarding the invention of the cash register by Ohioan James Ritty in 1879.

Lavine, Sigmund A. (1960). Kettering: Master Inventor. Dodd.

Biography of Charles Kettering.

Ronald, Virginia & Ronald Bruce. Where the Rivers Meet: A Children’s History of Dayton and the Miami Valley. (1996). Dayton, Ohio: Celebration Dayton Publishing

Discussion of the history of Dayton and the Miami Valley, geared toward school- age children.

Young, Rosamond. Twelve Seconds to the Moon, a Story of the Wright Brothers. (1978). Dayton: The Journal Herald.

Historical article describing the early flights of the Wright Brothers geared toward school-age children.

15 Audio Visual References

Videocassette:

American Dream. (1992). HBO Video.

The story of a workers’ strike where workers received a $2-per-hour salary cut after the company made additional profits.

Dayton the Right Place. (1990). Dayton Area Chamber of Commerce.

The video gives an overview of the Dayton area, including Dayton commerce, and describes the way of living in the Dayton area.

The Global Assembly Line. (1986). New Days Films/PBS.

Portrays the lives of working men and women and shows the division of labor and the growing importance of women.

History of Blacks in Dayton (1987). Dayton Urban League.

Documentary on the history of blacks in Dayton.

History of colored schools in Dayton, OH (1991). Black History Connection.

Black history compilation of Dayton City Schools.

Labor’s Future in the Global Economy. (1994). Films for the Humanities.

Bill Moyers interviews Gus Tyler, a leader in American labor since the Great Depression, on labor’s place in history and in the new global economy.

Old North Dayton (1998). Paul Law.

A brief look at Old North Dayton history and its’ businesses.

Racial Integration: America’s Long March. (1998). Films for the Humanities.

A BBC production looking at American social and economic policies and focusing on the status of racial relations and integration.

A Tale of Two Cities (1997). Ambrose Video Publishing.

Description of the Wright Brothers aeronautics at Huffman Prairie.

We’ll be there … the Dayton area story (2000). American Red Cross.

16 Dayton area testimonies from victims the American Red Cross and business leaders help assist.

Walking the Nickel (2000). Young Men’s Christian Association.

A brief oral history of African American culture and businesses on W. 5th St. in Dayton, Ohio as centered around the West Side, YMCA.

The Wright Brothers at Huffman Prairie (1991). Aerospace Audiovisual Service. Describes the Wright Brothers flight at Huffman Prairie.

Audiocassette:

The Beginning of Afro-American businesses in Downtown, Dayton, OH (1993). Charles M. Austin

History beginning in the 1800’s of Afro-American businesses in Downtown, Dayton, OH.

Dunbar’s relationships with the Wright Brothers (1994). Charles M. Austin

Biography of Paul L. Dunbar and his relationship and connection to the Wright Brothers and their pursuing of the first flight.

Black people in Dayton and Montgomery County Ohio, from November 1802 – July 1987 (1989). Charles M. Austin.

History of Blacks in Dayton from 1802 – 1987 includes history of Black entrepreneurs.

Civil War in Dayton. (1990). Miami Valley Council on Genealogy and History.

History of the influence of the Civil War in Dayton.

Dayton’s public transportation 1870s – Present (1990). Miami Valley Council on Genealogy and History.

History of Dayton’s public transportation.

Early Dayton History. (1990). Miami Valley Council on Genealogy and History.

Early Dayton history, includes early Dayton commerce.

History of African Americans in Harrison Township and nearby areas in Montgomery County, Ohio, before 1900s. (1997). Charles M. Austin.

17 History of Afr. Americans in Harrison township and Montgomery county includes history of Black entrepreneurs.

The Ohio Canal in the Miami Valley (1990). Miami Valley Council on Genealogy and History.

Describes the past and current history of the Ohio Canal in the Miami Valley.