FROM OUTSIDE to INSIDE: the Plasma Membrane

Name: ______Period: _____ Reading Guide Chapter 5 Homeostasis and Cell Transport LESSON 1: Cell Structures Involved in Cell Transport

FROM OUTSIDE TO INSIDE: The Plasma Membrane 1. Function of the plasma membrane: a. ______b. ______c. ______2. Selective permeability ______a. Most important substance that passes through = ______WHY??? ______3. Why is it important for inorganic ions, like sodium (Na+), potassium (K+), calcium (Ca2+), and chlorine (Cl-) to be able to pass through the plasma membrane? ______4. What is the function of oxygen? ______5. What do hormones do? ______The Phospholipid Bilayer Two layers of phospholipids; hydrophobic, or water-hating, interior (tails) and hydrophilic, or water-loving, exterior (heads)

Proteins embedded within it have a variety of functions

6. Hydrophobic molecules are ______, easily cross; if small enough

1 7. Hydrophilic molecules are ______, need help to cross; usually through embedded proteins Proteins Embedded in the Plasma Membrane 8. What types of embedded membrane proteins are not involved in transport? ______9. What types of embedded membrane proteins are involved in transport? ______10. In the picture below label the peripheral proteins and the integral proteins…

Integral proteins types… 11. ______ allow ions, polar molecules to cross a. Types of transport proteins: i. Channel proteins  hydrophilic channel Give examples of two molecules that can pass through channel proteins below: (1) ______(2) ______What is the special name given to channel proteins that allow water to pass through them? ______What type of channel protein open and closes in response to a stimulus allowing certain types of ions to cross the membrane? ______ii. Carrier proteins  hold molecules and change shape as they pass them through Give an example of a carrier protein: ______

2 Cytoplasm’s Role in Intracellular Transport 12. What do the enzymes in cytoplasm do? ______13. What function do the salts carry out? ______14. What is the purpose of cytoplasmic streaming? ______

Role of Cytoskeleton in the Cytoplasm 15. How many different types of threadlike structures make up the cytoskeleton? ______16. Which of the structures from question 15 above are involved in intracellular cell transport? ______17. ______ composed of protein called actin; act like tracks within cells for myosin molecules 18. ______ tracks for vesicle intracellular transport

The Endomembrane System in Eukaryotic Cells 19. What is the function of the endomembrane system? ______3 20. Which organelles in cells make-up the endomembrane system? ______21. When the organelles of the endomembrane system are not directly connected, how do they transport materials between them? ______22. Where do the vesicles come from that are sending materials? ______23. What do vesicles fuse with? ______The Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) 24. What types of molecules are transported by the ER? ______25. Which types of ER forms vesicles to transport these molecules? ______26. What organelle do these vesicles usually travel to next in the endomembrane system? ______The Golgi Apparatus Processes proteins and prepares them for use both inside and outside the cell. Receives proteins from the ER that have been transported in vesicles, then packages and labels them; sending them on to their next destinations in another set of vesicles. Golgi is also involved in the transport of lipids around the cell. Vesicles 27. What do vesicles store and transport? ______28. What organelles do they pinch off of? ______Lysosomes and Endosomes 29. What organelle do lysosomes bud off of? ______30. What is the main function of lysosomes? ______31. What are pathogens? ______32. What organelle do endosomes bud off of? ______33. What is the main function of endosomes? ______34. What do we call vesicles that are larger than 100 nanometers? ______

4 Special Transport Structure in Plant Cells 35. What are plasmodesmata? ______36. Why are plasmodesmata needed in plant cells? ______37. Label the following organelles of the endomembrane system on the picture below: endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi, vesicle, endosome, lysosome, and nuclear envelope.

Homeostasis and Cell Function 38. What do homeostatic mechanisms do? ______39. What can happen to a cell if homeostatic regulation fails? ______