Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-03653-6 - Kingship and Consent in Anglo-Saxon England, 871–978: Assemblies and the State in the Early Middle Ages Levi Roach Index More information

INDEX

Abbo of Fleury, 168 Æthelred II, king of the English (978–1016), 10 , abbots, 193 15 , 22 , 35 , 41 , 66 , 91–2 , 114 , 131 , 134–5 , appointment, 155 137 , 151 , 152 , 158 , 164 , 165 , 171 , 191 , assembly attendance, 43 216–17 charter attestation, 28 , 39–40 Æthelred, of , 7 , 8 , 125 Abingdon , 80 , 92 , 96 , 100 , 155 , 185 , 188 Æthelred, king of Mercia, 183 Abingdon, Berkshire, 59 , 63 , 67 , 157 Æthelsige, ealdorman, 183 Adalbert of , 209 Æthelstan ‘Half-King’, ealdorman, 35 , 70 , 93 , 94 , Adalhard of Corbie, 147 101 , 102 , 213 Ælfgifu, wife of , 169 Æthelstan of Sunbury, 130–1 Ælfheah, abbot (later archbishop), 177 Æthelstan, ealdorman, 130 , 131 Ælfheah, ealdorman, 130 Æthelstan, king of the English (924–39), 8 , 15 , Ælfhere, ealdorman, 35 , 70 , 101 , 102 24 , 29 , 30 , 32–3 , 36 , 44 , 51 , 54 , 57–63 , Ælfric of Eynsham, 150 , 152 , 165 , 201 , 221 , 67 , 68 , 69 , 72–4 , 92–3 , 97–8 , 99 , 108–9 , 224 , 225 111–12 , 120 , 127 , 128 , 133 , 149 , 151 , 153 , Ælfric, son of Æscwyn, 131 156 , 157 , 158, 159 , 183 , 190–1 , 196–7 , 203 , Ælfsige, , 187 204 , 205 , 206 , 208 , 210 , 212 , 236 , 237 Ælfsige, disputant, 130 coronation, 35 , 57–9 Ælfstan, , 131–2 Æthelstan, priest and kinsman of Archbishop Ælfthryth, daughter of , 205 Oda, 140 , 142 Ælfthryth, wife of Edgar, 41 , 163 , 185 , 188 , 209 Æthelstan, priest of Horningsea, 138 , 141 Ælfweard, son of , 34 , 57 , Æthelstan, son of Mann, 138 , 140 151 , 156 Æthelweard, ealdorman, 15 , 203 Ælfwine, ealdorman, 177 Æthelwine, ealdorman, 141 , 175 , 179 , 180 , 188 Ælfwold, thegn, 178 Æthelwold, bishop of , 92 , 137–40 , Æscwig, abbot of Bath, 204 141 , 154 , 155 , 172–3 , 175 , 177 , 179 , 180 , Æscwyn, disputant, 131–2 182 , 183 , 185 , 186 , 188 , 196 , 224 , 225 Æthelbald, king of the West Saxons (858–60), 7 Æthelwulf, king of the West Saxons (839–58), Æthelberht, king of the West Saxons (860–5), 7 7 , 59 , 92 , 202 Æthelfl æd, lady of the Mercians, 8 Æthelwulf, witness to a dispute, 125 Æthelgifu, disputant, 129–30 Africa, 18 Æthelhelm, disputant, 126 Ailsworth, Northamptonshire, 132–3 Æthelhelm, king’s son, 180 Akeman Street, see roads, Roman ætheling(s), 91 , 93 , 161 Alba, Kingdom of, 24 , 50 , 51 , 53 , 59 charter attestation, 28 , 40–2 Alban, St, 73 presentation to court, 190–1 Alcester, Council of, 86 , 167 , 176 Æthelmær, son of Ealdorman Æthelweard, 134 Alfred the Great, king of the Anglo-Saxons Æthelred I, king of the West Saxons (865–71), (871–99), 7 , 8 , 15 , 28 , 29 , 30–1 , 48 , 56–7 , 7 , 158 67 , 74, 96 , 99 , 107 , 108 , 113–14 , 117 , 119 ,

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Index

125 , 126 , 133 , 145 , 156 , 189 , 190 , 193 , 201 , terminology 203 , 205 , 229 conventus , 20 ‘Alfredian Renaissance’, 6 curia regis , 236 Alfred, minister , 73 gemot , 20 Alfred, son of Æthelred II, 182 King’s Council, 3 , 12 , 236 Aller, Somerset, 48 synoð , 23 Althoff , Gerd, 189 , 210 witenagemot , 3 , 20 Amesbury, , 59 typologies of amphitheatre, 68 ‘diplomatic’, 48–53 Andover, , 54 , 171 ‘dispositive’, 54–64 Andrew, St, 74 ‘legislative’, 53–4 Anglo-Saxon Chronicle , 48 , 71 , 93 , 151 , 154 , 155 , problems created by, 64–6 156 , 158 , 165, 184 , 209 Asser, 8 , 30 , 145 , 189 ‘Common Stock’, 8 , 171 Anglo-Saxons, kingdom of the, 7–8 , 29 , 57 , , 183 , 222 119 , 232 Austria, 101 anthropology Axminster, Devon, 56 and history, 18–19 , 122–3 processual, 223 B., 69 , 150 , 151 , 153 , 155 , 156 , 158 , 169–70 , 174 , ‘Anti-Monastic Reaction’, 178 , 182 181 , 193 , 196 , 197 , 210 , 228 antiphons, 177 , 179 Bakewell, Derbyshire, 50 arson, 115 , see also law Baldwin II, count of Flanders, 205 artwork, 198 , 201 baptism, see liturgy ‘Winchester School’, 196 barefoot procession/journey, 178 Ascension of Mary, 73 Barnwell, Cambridgeshire, 140 assemblies, local, see also hundred (court); shire Barrow, Julia, 52 , 205 (court) Bates, David, 231 connections with royal assemblies, 109 , 237 Bath, Somerset, 52 , 63 , 64 , 67 , 68 , 162 , 165 oaths and pledges given at, 114 Battle of Maldon , 227 assemblies, royal Bavaria, 101 areas of competence, 148–9 Baxter, Stephen, 219 and the army, 24 , 49 Bedingfi eld, Brad, 197 attendance, 31–2 , 33 , 37–8 , 42–3 Bell, Catherine, 18 and church councils, 24 Benedict, St, 196 , 221 and consent, 13 , 15 , 44 , 210–11 Benedictional of Æthelwold, 197 , 198 contacts with local assemblies, 109 Benedictional of Archbishop Robert, 23 coronation, 57–9 , 149–50 , 162–6 , 169–71 benefi ce(s), 139 defi nition of, 25 Bentley, Michael, 2 deposition of kings, 152 Beornric, owner of land at Sunbury, 130 as distinct from local, 21–2 Beowulf , 17 , 211 division of the kingdom, 156 , archbishop of Canterbury, 86 , 167 ‘Grand Assemblies’, 32–3 Bible, 201 , 207 historiography, 1–6 Old Testament, 104 issuing of charters, 81–9 Bicanleag (?Bickleigh, Devon), 56 , 69 length, 71–2 bishops, 71 , 144 , 177 , 189 , 193 making of peace treaties, 156–7 appointment, 153–4 March- and Mayfi eld, 24 , 75 assembly attendance, 43 military planning, 158–9 auxillary bishops, 40 , 43 reception of foreign embassies, 157–8 charter attestation, 28 , 30 , 31 , 34 , 37–8 ritual performance at, 14–15 , 162–73 role in legislation, 107 , 108 and the royal court, 24–5 Bisson, Thomas N., 210 royal election, 150–1 , 161 Blickling Homilies, 221 size of, 43 Blockley, Gloucestershire, 125 and ‘the state’, 11–14 Boethius, 183 summer and winter, 43 Boethius , , 183

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Index

bookland, 21 , 90 , 91 , 95 , 96 , 97 , see also diplomas, Charles the Bald, ruler of West Francia, 203 , 229 Anglo-Saxon Charles the Straightforward, king of West Bourdieu, Pierre, 18 , 222–3 , 226 Francia, 93 Bradford (?Bradford-upon-Avon, Wiltshire), 67 charters, private, 27 , 90 bribery, 125 , 126 , 138 , 186 Cheddar, Somerset, 63 , 68 bridgework, 47 Chelsea, Middlesex, 56 Brighton, 54 Chester, 52 , 64 , 68 , 165 Bristol Channel, 62 Cheyette, Frederic, 123 , 142 Bromley, , 132 Chippenham, Wiltshire, 59 , 63 Brühl, Carlrichard, 203 Christ, 174 , 177 , 181 , 196 , 197 , 198 Brunanburh , Battle of (937), 9 , 36 Christ Church, Canterbury, 96 , 99 , 127 , 128 , 129 Brunner, Heinrich, 90 Christmas, 71 , 73 , 74 , 75 , 207 Brunner, Otto, 12 Cirencester, Gloucestershire, 60 , 63 Bruno, archbishop of Cologne, 206 Cluny, 139 , 140 Buc, Philippe, 195 , 201 , 211 Cnut, king of the English (1016–35), 28 , 80 , 114 , Buckingham, 24 , 49 , 59 , 60 , 159 144 , 157 , 175 , 180 , 182 bureaucracy, 13 , 16 , 17 , 215 , 219 , 222 , 225 , 236 , Coenred, king of Mercia, 86 , 167 see also kingship; ritual; state Coenwald, bishop of Worcester, 204 , 213 ‘Burghal Hidage’, 68 Cogad Gáedel re Gallaib , 205 Burgred, king of Mercia, 158 coinage, 97 , 159 , 215 , see also kingship; state burh , 32 , 49 , 62 , 68 royal portraiture on, 196 Burton Abbey, 95 , 100 Colchester, Essex, 49 , 59 , 63 Butterfi eld, Herbert, 2 , 6 Colyton, Devon, 54 of Ramsey, 22 , 75 , 86 , 140 , 152 , 153 , commendation, see lordship 154 , 162–9 , 170 , 173 , 174 , 176 , 178 , 179 , confi scation, see forfeiture 180 , 183 , 186 , 188 , 196 , 197 , 209 , 220 , 228 Constantin II, ruler of Alba, 51 , 60 , 159 Byrhthelm, archbishop of Canterbury, 153 constitutional history, 2 , 6 , 12 , 19 , 151 , 217 ‘new constitutional history’, 15 , Wiltshire, 67 ‘Constitutions of Oda’, 148 Cambridge, 141 corepiscopi , see bishops Campbell, James, 11 , 14 , 218 , 226 Cornwall, 60 , 62 , 96 , 159 Candlemas, 197 , 207 coronation, see assemblies, royal Canterbury Benedictional, 23 , 200 coronation oath, see kingship Canterbury Cathedral, 40 , 153 , 154 , Coronation Ordines see also Christ Church, Canterbury First Ordo , 196 , 203 Capetian realm, 166 Second Ordo , 164 , 196 , 203 capital, symbolic and economic, see Bourdieu, councils, church, 20 , 24 , see also assemblies, royal Pierre counsellors, royal capitularies, see Carolingian realm(s) terminology, 20–1 Carlisle, Cumbria, 51 witan , 3 Carloman, king of West Francia, 147 court (judicial), see law; hundred (court); shire Carolingian realm(s), 16 , 103 , 123 , 143 , 145 , 156 , (court) 166 , 191 , 193 , 202–3 , 233 , 234 court, royal, 24–5 , 42 , 70 , 101 , 119 capitularies, 108 , 143 Cathedral, 154 , 182 , 185 feuding within, 117 crown-wearing, 74 , see also festival crowning royal legislation, 109 , 110–11 , 112 Cubitt, Catherine, 5 , 22 cattle, 54 , bishop of Lichfi eld, 169 , 210 Cenwulf, grantor of land, 125 , archbishop of Canterbury, 59 Danelaw, 24 , 39 , 40 , 42 , 54 , 57 , 70 , 96 , 97 , Chanson de Roland , 227 99–101 , 102 , 119 , 121 , 153 , 157 chapel, royal, 42 , 43 , 88 De duodecim abusivis saeculi , see Pseudo-Cyprian chaplains, royal, 153 de Jong, Mayke, 134 Chaplais, Pierre, 78–9 , 80 Dee, river, 52 charisma, 16 , 17 , 219 , 222 , see also Weber, Max Deshman, Robert, 197 , 201 Charlemagne, Frankish emperor, 234 Deutinger, Roman, 214 , 237

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Index

diplomas, Anglo-Saxon, 5 , 6 , 20 , 25 , 53 , Ottonian, 87–8 , 228 64 , 72 , 212 , 218 , 220 , see also ritual: papal, 167 conveyancing placita , 135 archival survival, 95– 6 production, 77 , 87–8 , 228 authentication, 28 ritual aspects of, 89 blessing, 167 , 168 seals, 89 boundary clause, 83 , 84 dispute settlement, 105–6 , 122–43 , 216 , cartae sine litteris , 85 see also feuding; law dating, 72 , 74 , 150 adjudication, 137 diplomatic mainstream, 33–4 , 79 compromise, 128 , 130 , 137 , 138 , 140 , 141 , 142 dispositive nature, 90 extra-judicial settlement, 123 disputes recorded in, 124–36 Domesday Book, 17 , 231 draftsmen/agencies ‘farm of one night’, 62 ‘Æthelstan A’, 32–3 , 35 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 42 , Dorchester, , 54 , 59 55 , 59 , 72 , 75 , 82 , 84 , 88 Dorchester-on-Thames, , 67 ‘Æthelstan C’, 82 , archbishop of Canterbury, 69 , 130 , 131 , ‘alliterative’ charters, 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 56 , 132 , 150 , 153 , 154 , 155 , 162–3 , 168 , 169 , 63 , 70 , 87 , 89 , 99 170 , 174 , 176 , 182 , 183 , 184 , 185 , 193 , 210 , ‘Dunstan B’, 37 , 39 , 41 , 63 211 , 224 , 225 ‘Edgar A’, 82 , 83 , 89 Durham, 100 ‘Edmund C’, 83 ‘Durham Ritual’, 69 emotional expressions in, 199 Durkheim, Émile, 18 , 201 foundation charters, 85 intervention, 188 Eadburh, daughter of Edward the Elder, 40 , 93 Kentish, 29 , 31 Eadgifu, daughter of Edward the Elder, 205 livery of seisin, 82 Eadgifu, wife of Edward the Elder, 41 , 127–9 , nature of transactions recorded, 94–5 , 136 , 154 , 155 , 182 , 185 , 188 , 209 96–9 , 188 (Edith), daughter of Edward the Elder, orientation, 30 15 , 203 , 204 place of issue, 54–64 , 66 Eadhild, daughter of Edward the Elder, 57 , and private charters, 90 157 , 205 production, 42–3 , 78–89 , 217 , disputant, 129–30 hiatus in (910–24), 96 , king of the English (946–55), 9 , 40 , 52 , rate of production, 99 63 , 83 , 93 , 128 , 130 , 149 , 150 , 154 , 155 , royal writing offi ce, 87–9 , 217 175 , 181 , 183 , 185 , 193 , 212 two-stage, 81–4 Eadric Streona, 184 proem, 90 , archbishop of Canterbury, 154 sanction (anathema), 90 , 167 , 168 , 217 Eadwig, king of the English (955–9), 9–10 , 41 , scribal memoranda, 80 , 81 , 82 , 83 , 84 83 , 130 , 151 , 156 , 169–70 , 187 , 210 ‘Second Decimation’, 92 ealdordom, 70 symbolism, 89–94 ealdormen, 130 , 144 , 160 , 189 , 224 testamentary value, 91, 125 appointment, 155–6 , 215 traditio cartae , 82 , 85–6 , 94 assembly attendance, 43 West Saxon, 29 , 55 , 97 charter attestation, 28 , 30 , 31 , 34 , 35–6 , 37–8 witness-list, 21 , 78 , 90 , 161 , 168 , 198 deposition, 155–6 abbreviation of, 35 northern, 38–9 additions to, 82–3 Ealhswith, wife of Alfred the Great, 56 composition, 28 , 30–1 Eamont Bridge, Cumbria, 51 , 60 length, 29–30 , 32–3 East Anglia, 49 order, 28 , 31 East Francia, 16 , 171 , 178 , 187 , 202 , 213 , 227 , origins, 27–8 232 , 234 , 237 , see also Ottonian Reich Welsh rulers in, 39 , 51 (Germany) diplomas, continental East Wellow, Hampshire, 59 intervention, 188 Easter, 57 , 59 , 62 , 63 , 66 , 73 , 74 , 75–6 , 92 , 166 , litterae elongatae , 89 167 , 174 , 204 , 207

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Eastertide, 73 , 75 , 193 favour, royal, 126 , 163 , 167 , 182–4 , 225 Ecgberht, king of the West Saxons Fawkham, Kent, 132 (802–39), 7 , 59 Felix, Frankish secretary to Æthewulf, 203 Ecgferth, ealdorman, 130 , 131 , 191 festival crowning, 203 , 204 , 209 , see also crown- Ecgwine, St, 180 , 183 , 187 , 189 wearing; ritual Edgar, king of the English (957/9–75), 9 , 10 , feudal revolution, 229, 232 28 , 38 , 39 , 41 , 42 , 52–3 , 54 , 64 , 67 , 69 , 75 , feuding, 114 , 115–17 , 142–3 , see also dispute 83 , 86 , 101 , 120 , 128 , 130 , 131 , 132 , 137 , settlement; law 138 , 142 , 144 , 150 , 152 , 153 , 155, 156 , 158 , ‘peace in the feud’, 106 , 116 162–7 , 168 , 170 , 174 , 176 , 180 , 183 , 185 , fi sc, royal, 95 186 , 188 , 196 , 204 , 210 ‘Five Boroughs’, 8 , 9 Edington, battle of (878), 7 , 74 Flanders, 205 Edington, Wiltshire, 63 , 74 Fleming, Robin, 216 , son of Æthelred II, 157 , Fleury Abbey, 176 , 186 179 , 184 Flocuin of St-Bertin, 93 Edmund, king of the English (939–46), 9 , 36 , Flodoard of Reims, 158 40 , 54 , 69 , 93 , 114 , 128 , 158 Foldbriht, abbot of Pershore, 177 , 220 Edmund, son of Edgar, 41 folkland, 95 , 96 , king of the English ‘Fonthill Letter’, 125–7 (1042–66), 85 , 91 , 142 , 154 , 156 , 181 , forfeiture, 114 , 130 , 132 , 133–6 , 143 184 , 192 Fosse Way, see roads, Roman Edward the Elder, king of the Anglo-Saxons France, 14 , see also Carolingian realm(s); West (899–924), 8 , 24 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , Francia 39 , 42 , 49–51 , 54 , 56–7 , 67 , 96 , 99 , 127 , Francia, see Carolingian realm(s); East Francia; 128 , 157 West Francia Edward the , king of the English Fried, Johannes, 161 , 192 , 208 (975–8), 9 , 10 , 41 , 67 , 137 , 140 , 150 , 152 , friendship, 214 , 225 165 , 170–1 , 175 , 179 , 180 , 212 , 221 Frithestan, bishop of Winchester, 34–5 , 57 , 208 Edwin, son of Edward the Elder, 93 Frome, Somerset, 60 , 68 Egbert Pontifi cal, 23 , 200 functionalism, 123 , 218 , 226 Ely Abbey, 137–40 , 141 , 145 , 186 Ely, Cambridgeshire, 141 , 188 Gadshill, Kent, 63 embassies, see assemblies, royal Galbraith, Vivian, 229 emotional display, 174–6 , 199–200 Geary, Patrick, 123 , 136 , 142 anger, 175 Gerhard of Alsace, count, 191 joy, 175 Germanus, abbot of Winchcombe, 177 , 181 weeping, 163 , 164 , 174–5 , 199–200 Germany, 14 , see also East Francia; Ottonian Empire, Roman, 27 , 104 , 136 , 146 Reich (Germany) Encomium Emmae , 179 , 35 , 155 , 193 English, kingdom of the, 8–10 , 29 , 99 , 119 , 232 glossing, 196 Enlightenment, 220 Gloucester, 71 Epsom, , 56 Gluckman, Max, 106 Eucharist, 221 Goda, disputant, 127–9 Evans-Pritchard, E. E., 106 Godwine, earl, 154 , 181 , 182 , 184 , 192 , 86 , 167 Goody, Jack, 111 , 224 , 226 exceptionalism, English, 11 , 124 , 227 Gospels, 121 , 174 , 179 excommunication, 120 , see also dispute Grately code, see law-codes settlement; law Grately, Hampshire, 54 Exeter, 54 , 59 , 60 , 85 , 159 Gregory the Great, 222 exile, see law Gundobad, king of the Burgundians, 105 Eye, Cambridgeshire, 138 Guthrum, Scandinavian ruler, 7 , 48

‘farm of one night’, see Domesday Book haligdom , king’s, 88 fasting, 200 Halloran, Kevin, 39 Faversham, Kent, 54 Hamsey, , 60

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Index

Harald, king of Denmark, 180 , 182 Kershaw, Paul, 106 Harold Godwineson, 156 , 184 Keynes, Simon, 5 , 42 , 78–9 , 80 , 81 , 82 , 88 , king of the English King’s Worthy, Hampshire, 59 , 68 (1035–40), 156 kingship, see also bureaucracy; charisma; ritual Hart, Cyril Roy, 99 accession, 149–52 , king of the English (1040–2), 156 Christological, 135 Harz Mountains, 71 consensual, 44 , 159–60 , 213–15 , 237–8 Helmstan, disputant, 125–7 , 134 , 136 coronation oath, 104 , 150 , 163 Henry I, ruler of Germany, 40 indirect rule, 102–3 Henry II, ruler of Germany, 64 law-making, 143–4 heregeld , 159 , 216 models of, 11–14 Herewulf, priest of Horningsea, 138 minimal vs maximal, 18–19 heriot, 192 royal deposition, 152 hermeneutic style, 34 , 90 Kingston-upon-Thames, Surrey, 45 , 57–9 , 63 , Hincmar of Reims, 21 , 27 , 147–8 , 193 67 , 69 , 71 , 151 Hitchin, Hertfordshire, 129 kinship, 117–18 , 214 honour, 17 , 222 , Oxfordshire, 67 Horningsea, minster church, 138 Königsnähe , 94 , 183–4, see also favour, royal the Great, duke of Francia, 57 , 157 , Koziol, Geoff rey, 149 158 , 205 Kränzle, Andreas, 225 Humber, river, 52 hundred (court), 114 , 118 , 119 , 128 , 131 , 144 , Lanalet Pontifi cal, 198 , 200 159 , 216 Lancaster, 51 meeting places, 67 Lantfred of Winchester, 53 , 119 , 144 hunting, 69 laudes regiae , 177 Hyams, Paul, 115 , 124 law, see also dispute settlement; feuding; kingship hymns, 172 compensation, 113–16 , 117 , 126 , 130 Hywel Dda, ruler of Deheubarth, 62 courts, 141 , 144 , see also hundred (court); shire (court) ‘imperial aristocracy’, Carolingian, 101 customary, 121 , 144 Ine, king of the West Saxons (688–726), 113 exile, 28 , 155 , 216 Ingulf, despoiler of Ely, 139 judicial mutilation, 221 Innes, Matthew, 214 law-making, 105 , 208 , 215 , 220 Insley, Charles, 5 , 6 , 79 and the witan , 107–9 Ireland, 205 legal advocacy, 126 , 185–6 Israel the Grammarian, 206 outlawry, 132 , 142 , 143 , 156 Italy, 122 public vs private, 144 , 226 itinerancy, royal, 48 , 59 , 63 , 70–1 , 229 wergild, 115 , 116 , 130–1 law-codes, 5 , 6 , 11 , 25 , 53 , 54 , 64 , 72 , 157 , 159 , Jerusalem, 177 , 197 , 198 161 , 212 , 218 , 220 Jezebel, 169 II Æthelstan , 107 , 109 , 111 , 114 , 132 John the Baptist, 73 III Æthelstan , 111 , 112 John the Old Saxon, 15 , 190 IV Æthelstan , 109 , 112 John, Eric, 90 V Æthelstan , 72 , 73 , 111 Judas, 181 VI Æthelstan , 109 , 112 , 118 Judgement, Day of, 73 IV Edgar , 111 , 119 , 120 Judith, daughter of Charles the Bald, 203 II Edmund , 115 , 116 , 185 justice, royal, 104–5 , see also dispute settlement; I Edward , 107 law Alfred’s code, 113–14 , 120 , 127 , 133 Justinian, emperor of Byzantium, 108 ‘barbarian’, 104 , 113 dating, 72 Kelly, Susan, 79 , 80–1 , 83 Hundred Ordinance , 118 Kennedy, Alan, 141 and literacy, 109–12 Kent, 31 , 96 , 111 non-royal, 108–9 Kern, Fritz, 4 , 12 , 13 , 144 Ordinance on Charities , 107

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Index

law-codes (cont.) memory, cultural/social, 164 place of issue, 53–4 , 66 Mercia, 5 , 7 , 8 , 38 , 39 , 51 , 54 , 57 , 69 , 70 , 96 , promulgation, 198 99–101 , 102 , 150 , 151 and the witan , 22 Merovingian Francia, 123 Lent, 73 Michael’s Mount, Cornwall, 91 Leofwine, disputant, 140–1 Milton (?Dorset), 56 , 59 , 68 Leyser, Karl, 16 , 207 , 234 Missal of Robert of Jumièges, 200 Libellus Æthelwoldi episcopi , 124 , 137–40 , 141 , modernism, 2 , 4 , 6 , 12 144 , 145 , 188 ‘monastic retirement’, 134 Lichfi eld, Staff ordshire, 49 monopoly on legitimate force (Gewaltmonopol ), Liebermann, Felix, 1 , 2 , 6 , 71 , 155 , 236 see Weber, Max Lifton, Devon, 59 , 62 , 68 , 159 , 208 Mont-Saint-Michel, 91 literacy Muir, Edward, 18 and orality, 111 mutation féodale , see feudal revolution and ritual, 224–5 liturgy, 207 , see also ritual Naismith, Rory, 215 baptism, 207 Nelson, Janet L., 5 , 229 ‘drammatic liturgy’, 202 New Minster, Winchester, 56 processions, 197 , 207 , 33 rites for councils, 23 Normandy, 91 rites of penance, 200 North Britain, 52 , 64 , 205 livery of seisin, see diplomas, Anglo-Saxon Northumbria, 50 , 97 , 99 loanland, 91 Nottingham, 24 , 49 , 59 , 60 , 159 London, 54 , 56 , 63 , 67 , 71 , 158 , 179 Nuer, 106 London ‘Peace Guild’, see law-codes: VI Nunnaminster, Winchester, 56 Æthelstan lordship, 113 , 115 , 121 , 127 oath(s), 113–14 , 118 , 121 , 127 , 128 , 129 banal, 231 false, 120 commendation, 113 Oda, archbishop of Canterbury, 140 , 153 , 169 , English vs continental, 230–1 174 , 180 , 186 , 187 , 210 and kinship, 115 , 117–18 Off a, king of Mercia, 202 Lothar IV, king of West Francia, 149 Olaf Guthfrithson, Scandinavian ruler, 9 Lotharingia, 204 Oleson, Tryggvi, 4 , 149 Louis IV (d’Outremer ), king of West Francia, orality, 164 , see also literacy 205 ordeal (judicial), 118 , 132 Louis V, king of West Francia, 149 order, symbolic, 163 , 167 , 171 , 176–7 , 182 , 198 , Louis the German, king of East Francia, 101 see also ritual Louis the Pious, Frankish emperor, 73 , 170 , 234 Ordlaf, ealdorman, 125–7 , 189 Luke, St, 74 Ordulf, minister , 134 Lydford, Devon, 62 , archbishop of , 154 , 180 Lyminster, Sussex, 59 Osferth, ealdorman, 35 Oslac, disputant, 186 MacLean, Simon, 143 , 232 Oslac, ealdorman, 38 , 39 , 42 Maddicott, J. R., 6 , 236 , 237 Osterland, Kent, 127–9 magi, 196 Oswald, , 140 , 155 , 162–3 , Magyars, 213 , 228 , 234 166 , 167 , 168 , 175 , 176 , 178 , 179 , 180 , Main, river, 71 183 , 185 , 186 , 188 , 224 , 225 Maitland, Frederic William, 2 Otto I, ruler of Germany, 15 , 40 , 203 , Malmesbury, 56 206 Manni, abbot of Evesham, 155 Ottonian Reich (Germany), 15, 103 , 134 , 145 , Marchfi eld, see assemblies, royal 151 , 158 , 166 , 171 , 178 , 189 , 191 , 194 , Martin, St, 73 202 , 204 , 209 , 210 , 213 , 227–9 , 232 , 234 , Mathilda of Essen, 15 , 203 see also East Francia Mauss, Marcel, 18 dispute settlement within, 127 Mayer, Theodor, 12 , 13 and England, 15– 16 Mayfi eld, see assemblies, royal feuding within, 117 298

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Index

Owain, ruler of Strathclyde, 51 , 60 ritual, see also assemblies, royal ; bureaucracy ; emotional display ; kingship Pactus legis Salicae , 105 adventus , 177–9 , 197 Palm Sunday, 150 , 177 , 197 , 204 , 207 at assemblies, 162–73 pardon, royal, 134 , 135 and bureaucracy, 15 , 16–17 parliament, origins of, 1–2 , 3–4 , 235–7 church dedication, 171–3 Passenham, Northamptonshire, 49 commendation, 172 Passio Eadwardi , 150 , 170–1 , 179 , 180 , 162–3 , 165 , 169 , 170 Patzold, Steff en, 142 , 148 , 235 conveyancing, 81–9 , 91 , 168 , 199 , 208 Paul, St, 73 feasting, 163 , 164 , 169–70 , 172 , 175 , 181–2 , Peace of God, 209 , 230 210 , 218 peace treaties, see assemblies, royal gift-giving, 17 , 147 , 186 , 193 penance, 120 , 178 , 184 , 199–200 historiography, 14–16 penitentials, 199–200 Inszenierung , 163 , 210 Penkridge, Staff ordshire, 63 investiture, 190–3 Pentecost, 24 , 52 , 63 , 64 , 73 , 74 , 75 , 159 , 207 and itinerancy, 46 Peter, St, 85 kiss (of peace), 173 , 180–1 , 207 placita , see diplomas, continental modern vs medieval attitudes towards, plague, 120 220–2 pledges, 113–14 , 121 occursus , 177 , 179 plunder, 233 petition and intercession, 184–90 Pollock, Sir Frederick, 139 prostration, 164 , 187–8 Polynesia, 18 reception/greeting, 166 , 180–1 Por t Way, see roads, Roman rites de passage , 190–3 Portiforium of Saint , 200 speeches, 167 Pössel, Christina, 195 , 211 submission, 173 precaria , 139 roads, Roman, 47 , 51 , 54 , 60 , 64 priests Akeman Street, 67 assembly attendance, 42 Fosse Way, 54 , 56 charter attestation, 28 Por t Way, 54 , 56 royal, 88 Watling Street, 53 , 54 psalms, 73 , 92 Robert of Jumièges, 184 Pseudo-Cyprian, 104 Robert of Neustria, duke, 93 public sphere, 189 Rochester Cathedral, 131 Puddletown, Dorset, 63 Rogationtide, 197 , 207 Rome, 92 Quedlinburg, Saxony, 47 Rosenwein, Barbara, 139 queens, 161 Rothar, king of the Lombards, 105 charter attestation, 28 , 40–2 Rothulf, abbot of Abingdon, 155 Ruotger, 228 Rabin, Andrew, 126 , 185 , 186 , 137 , 141 , 142 , 166 , 168 , 175 , 177 , Saalfeld, Thuringia, 47 179 , 180 , 181 St Augustine’s, Canterbury, 149 Liber benefactorum , 86–7 , 124 , 137 , 140–1 , St-Denis, 47 177 , 188 St Peter’s, York, 100 , 153 reeves, 119 , 144 , 224 , see also shire-reeve Saxony, 15 , 46 , 47 , 71 , 95 , 279 reform, Benedictine, 6 , 196 , 201 , 203 , 205 , 207 Scandinavians, see vikings Reformation, 220 Schneidmüller, Bernd, 215 regalia, 163 , 164 , 196–7 , 204 , 206 Scots, 9 crown, 169 , 170 , 196–7 Scott, James C., 211 Regularis Concordia , 22 , 92 seals, 225 relics, 121 , 178 Seller, W. C., 2 reliquary, 178 Septuagesima, 75 Reuter, Timothy, 14 , 16 , 75 , 227 , 234 Abbey, 73 , 179 Rhine, river, 71 shire (court), 114 , 118 , 119 , 128 , 129 , 131 , Richer of Reims, 158 144 , 216 299

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Index

shire-reeve, 216 Theodoric, king of the Goths, 183 Sigewold, magnate, 188 Thietmar of , 191 , 204 , 209 , 228 Sihtric, ruler of York, 51 , 57 , 75 , 157 Thomas, St, 73 Silchester, Hampshire, 56 , 67 Thunderfi eld, Surrey, 54 sin, 120 , magnate, 188 Siward, archbishop of Canterbury, 154 Tiddingford, Bedforshire, 49 Slepe (= St Ives), Cambridgeshire, 140 tithes, 92 , 108 , 159 Snodland, Kent, 131–2 tithing (judicial), 114 , 118 , 119 Soliloquies , Old English, 183 , 224 , 225 titulature, royal, 7 , 29 Somerton, Somerset, 63 Töbelmann, Paul, 162 sorcery, see witchcraft topoi , 157 , 176 , 201 Southampton, 56 Tostig Godwineson, 156 Southern, Sir Richard, 104 transcript, public, 211 , see also Scott, James C. spear, 191 , see also ritual: investiture treachery, 114 , 117 , 130 Staff ord, Pauline, 4 , 41 , 63 treason, 143 Stamford, Lincolnshire, 49 treaties, 54 Standon, Hertfordshire, 129–30 tribute, 193 , 215 , 228 , 233 state late Anglo-Saxon, 13 , 215–27 , 235–8 Uhtred, ealdorman, 35 bureaucracy, 13 , 217–18 , 236 historiography, 11 van Gennep, Arnold, 18 maximalism, 13 , 226–7 vengeance, see dispute settlement; feuding ritual aspects of, 218–23 Vespers, 166 , 167 medieval, 235 vikings, 9 , 31 , 113 , 213 , 234 models of, 218–20 ‘Great Army’, 7 Personenverbandstaat , 12 vill, royal, 56 , 59 , 62 , 63 , 67 , 68–9 Stenton, Sir Frank, 3 , 90 Vita Edwardi , 156 , 176 Stoke, Cambridgeshire, 188 Vollrath, Hanna, 22 , 23 , 110 , 142 St-Omer, 175 Strathclyde, 9 , 24 , 51 , 53 , 59 Wales, 52 , 64 , 205 structuralism, 123 Wallace-Hadrill, J. M. (Michael), 123 Stubbs, William, 1 , 14 warranty, 130 Sunbury, Middlesex, 130–1 Watling Street, see roads, Roman surety, 115 Weber, Max, 16 , 17 , 218 , 219 Surrey, 96 monopoly on legitimate force Sussex, 96 (Gewaltmonopol ), 116 , 145 , 227 Swein, king of Denmark, 180 Weinfurter, Stefan, 135 , St, 174 , 175 , 176 , 178 wergild, see law sword, 191 , see also ritual: investiture Werla, Saxony, 47 synods, 71 , 107 , 108 , 168 , see also councils, , 7 , 31 , 34 , 39 , 51 , 54 , 56 , 57 , 59 , 60 , 62 , 63 , church 64 , 66 , 67 , 71 , 96 , 100 , 102 West Francia (France), 133 , 187 , 191 , 194 , 202 , Tamar, river, 62 205 , 209 , 227 , 228 , 229–30 , 232 , 234–5 Tamworth, Staff ordshire, 49 , 57 whig interpretation, 1–3 Tanshelf, , 52 White, Stephen, 123 , 142 taxation, 215 , 216 Whitelock, Dorothy, 3 tents, 69 Whittlebury, Northamptonshire, 54 , 109 Thames, river, 54 , 57 , 60 , 63 , 64 , 67 , 69 , 71 , 87 , Wickham, Chris, 122 , 216 94 , 95 , 100 , 101 William I, king of the English (1066–87), 71 Thanet, 142 , 60 , 154 , 157 , 190–1 theft, 105 , 113 , 115 , 118 , 130 , 142 , 143 , 144 , 159 Wilton, Wiltshire, 59 thegns Winchcombe, Gloucestershire, 63 , 125 assembly attendance, 42 Winchester, 24 , 56 , 57 , 59 , 60 , 67 , 159 , 177 , charter attestation, 28 , 30 , 31 , 34 , 37 178 , 188 king’s, 127 , 131 council of (993), 22

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Index

Winchester, New Minster, 35 , 196 Wulfric ‘Cufi ng’, 133 Winchester, Old Minster, 34 , 96 , 99 , 100 , 129 , Wulfric, pedisequus , 149 153 , 171 , 176 , 178 , 182 Wulfric, reeve, 138 witchcraft, 115 , 132–3 Wulfstan I, archbishop of York, 36 , 52 witch-swimming, 133 Wulfstan II, archbishop of York, 120 , 199 , Witham, Essex, 49 221 Woolf, Alex, 68 Institutes of Polity , 148 , 160 Woolmer, Hampshire, 56 , 63 Wulfstan II, bishop of Worcester, 154 Worcester Cathedral, 100 , 125 , 153 , 154 , 178 , 185 Wulfstan Cantor, 155 , 171–3 , 175 , 178 , 182 , 183 World War I, 1 , 2 Wulfstan ‘Dalham’, 138 , 141 Wormald, Patrick, 5 , 66 , 107 , 110 , 111 , 113 , 115 , Wullaf, disputant, 125 117, 124 , 131 , 133 , 143 , 217 , 219 , 220 , 226 writ, 44 , 162 Yeatman, R. J., 2 writing offi ce, royal, see diplomas, Anglo-Saxon Yeavering, 43 Wulfgar, ealdorman, 35 York, 9 , 36 , 38 , 49 , 51 , 52 , 57 , 158 Wulfhere, ealdorman, 133 , 156 York Cathedral, see St Peter’s, York

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