Sempm 2010 Bethel Seminary (St Paul)

NT503 Syllabus Daniel M. Gurtner SemPM 2010 Bethel Seminary (St Paul) Mondays, 5.30-9.45 [email protected] 8/2-8/30 Office phone: 651.638.6102 Office: 213 Office Hours: TBA TA: Jonathan Pieper [email protected]

NT503/NT623 HEBREWS THROUGH REVELATION

NOTE #1: There is some work due for the first class meeting. Please consult the class schedule below. NOTE #2: Some weeks require more work than others, particularly toward the end of the term. It is up to the student to spread out the workload throughout the five weeks of the course so as not to be overwhelmed at the end.

Course Description (from catalogue): consideration of historical and critical problems, a survey of contents, and exposition of selected passages [in Hebrews through Revelation].: BT501/BI501 (Hermeneutics); recommended prerequisite: NT501 (The Gospels) and NT502 (Acts and Pauline Letters). Four hours.

Course Objectives: At the end of this course the student should have acquired the following: 1. Growth in our relationship with Jesus Christ through careful, deliberate study of God’s Word (cf. Heb 4.12). 2. Growth in our capacity to rightly handle the Word of truth (2 Tim 2.15). 3. Habits of worshipful exegesis that is both rigorous and fruitful (cf. Col 3.17). 4. A thorough knowledge of the text and content of Hebrews through Revelation. 5. Familiarity with and ability to analyze critically the introductory issues pertaining to the NT books Hebrews through Revelation. 6. Knowledge about the theological contents of Hebrews through Revelation that will provide a context for doing exegetical work in those books for preaching and teaching. 7. "Hands on" experience in exegeting an important passage in Hebrews through Revelation learning in the process a methodology for exegesis. 8. Hermeneutical sensitivity in the appropriation of Biblical texts to contemporary Christians.

Required Textbooks: Bauckham, Richard J. The Theology of the Book of Revelation. Cambridge: CUP, 1993. ISBN 0521356911. Retail $22.99. 185 pp. (Bauckham) Carson, D. A. and Douglas Moo. Introduction to the New Testament. 2d ed. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 2005. ISBN 0310238595. Retail $39.99 (CM). Lane, William L. Hebrews: A Call To Commitment. Regent College Publishing, 2004. ISBN 1573832952. Retail $18.95. 189 pp. (Lane)

Recommended Textbook: Martin, Ralph R. and Peter H. Davids, eds. Dictionary of the Later New Testament and Its Developments.

1 5/10/18 Downers Grove, Ill.: InterVarsity Press, 1997. ISBN 0830817794. Retail $50.00. (DLNTID)

Course Requirements: 1. Attendance (no grade, just treasures in heaven) Regular attendance is assumed. Repeated absence or tardiness will adversely affect your grade. Students are responsible for any information conveyed in class that pertains to assignments, readings, or anything having to do with the course. I.e., if you must miss class, find out from someone what you missed.

2. Worksheets (30%): There will be 4 worksheets through the duration of the course. Each assignment will be provided on blackboard with audio instructions. Please submit these assignments to Dan via blackboard, in the “Assignments” tab naming the file with your last name and the worksheet number. So, Joan Smith’s Worksheet #2 will be “Smith2.doc”. Each worksheet should take you about three (3) hours. Some of you will take less time, some of you more. Each assignment must be turned in via blackboard before the class begins on the day it is due. Each of these worksheets will employ various aspects of exegesis that will be used in your final exegetical paper. I will grade them and return them to you so that you can learn from my comments for the final paper.

3. Reading Report (20%) At the end of the term you will submit a reading report, available in MSWord on blackboard. For the reading report you must complete the form indicating the amount of reading you have completed. Note: no credit is given for skimming. Only half credit is given for reading completed late. Please download the “Reading Report” form (in MS Word format) and use it to keep your record of your reading throughout the term. It will be due at the same time as your Exegesis Paper. Note also, some days have more readings due than others. It is up to the student to spread out the readings in their own schedule so as not to be overloaded on any particular day. Please submit this assignment via blackboard. Please note that some audio material for the course is counted as ‘reading’ and is listed on the reading report. The report is in two parts: a. Scheduled readings: These readings correspond to the reading schedule below. Full credit will only be given for reading done by the due date. Half credit will be given for reading completed late. No credit is given for skimming. b. Unscheduled readings: The following readings can be completed at your leisure. The only requirement is that they be completed by the end of the course: CM on “New Testament Canon” (pp. 726-43; 17pp) CM on “Thinking about the Study of the New Testament” (pp. 23-76; 53pp). Fee, Gordon D. “Exegesis and Spirituality: Reflections on Completing the Exegetical Circle.” Crux XXXI/4 (1995): 29-35 (6pp). : This must read prior to beginning research on the exegesis paper. It is posted on blackboard under ‘course documents’. c. The reading report is due to be submitted via blackboard’s gradebook by MONDAY, AUGUST 30 (midnight, Central time).

4. Quizzes (25%): There will be five (5) quizzes to be taken on blackboard before the start of class on the day they are due. Each quiz for each week marked below will cover just the biblical book(s) for that week. Each quiz will ask very specific questions on details in the text and will include a section on Scripture memory. A list of the verses to be memorized will be provided on blackboard. There will be several verses to be memorized for each quiz, but only one will be asked of you. Note that these quizzes are not cumulative. You may also be asked to complete a given verse, or provide the contents of a given chapter of a biblical book. Students are encouraged to study for these quizzes in groups and to prayerfully seek God through the study of the Scriptures. The scriptures are listed in NIV. You may memorize from the following translations:

2 5/10/18 NIV, RSV, ESV, NRSV, NAS. If you would like to use another translation, you must get the instructor’s permission first. There is a sample quiz posted on blackboard for you to see specifically what these quizzes look like as you prepare for them. Your lowest quiz score will be dropped. All quizzes will be taken on blackboard and must be completed prior to the beginning of the class for which it is due, including the first class!

5. Extra Credit. Note: to qualify for this extra credit, you must complete all of the required reading first (even if the required reading is finished late). a.. You can earn ½ point for every passage of Scripture you memorize from Hebrews through Revelation, up to five (5) points. This will be added to your lowest, non-dropped worksheet The translation you use and how many verses constitute a “passage” are both your choice. You may account for this additional work on your final reading report. Please record this extra credit on your reading report. b.. You can earn three (3) points added to your lowest, non-dropped Quiz by reading Gordon D. Fee, New Testament Exegesis: A Handbook for Students and Pastors. Louisville, KY: Westminster/John Knox Press, 1993, or latest edition. “Introduction” (pp. 27-33), “Chapter I. Guide to Full Exegesis” (pp. 34-61). This pagination is keyed to the “Revised” (1993) edition. To get this extra credit, you must read all of this prior to work on the exegesis paper. You can indicate this reading on the reading report due the end of class. c..You can earn 2 extra credit points on your exegesis paper simply by memorizing the text in the NAS. You would indicate that you have done this at the end of your exegetical paper itself.

6. Exegetical Research Paper (25%): You will write an exegetical paper on one of the following passages: 1. Hebrews 10:19-25 2. James 3:13-18 3. 1 Peter 1:13-15 4. 1 John 4:1-3 5. Revelation 21:1-4 Later in the course Dan will provide you with some instructions as to what is expected from these papers. For the present, it would be helpful for you to examine these texts and decide on a passage now. Please submit this assignment to Dan via blackboard in a single MS Word document. It is strongly recommended, though not required, that you choose a text early in the course and memorize it in the NAS. You will earn 2 extra credit points on the paper simply by memorizing the text! This paper is due to be submitted by MONDAY, AUGUST 30, midnight central time via blackboard. Note: the library is open Mondays 8-8, Tuesdays through Fridays 8-6, and Saturdays 10am-6pm in August. a. For those taking this course for NT503 credit, your paper must be 2000-2500 words in length. b. For those taking this course for NT623 credit, your paper must be 3000-3500 words in length.

7. Late policy: Make sure that you plan ahead and turn in work on time. No late work will be accepted, except in the most extreme circumstances and at the discretion of the instructor. If you are not going to be in class make arrangements to have your assignment in on time.

8. Use of Greek: It is assumed that if you have taken Greek, that you will use it extensively throughout the course. The font to be used is SPIonic, which will be provided for you on blackboard and can be downloaded into the fonts folder on your computer.

3 5/10/18 9. Upper-Level Elective Credit: For those taking this course for upper-level elective credit (registered as NT623), the difference between what you are doing and those taking it for NT503 credit is that your paper must be longer (see exegesis paper above). This is the only difference between NT503 and NT623.

A Note about Writing: It is expected that you use writing style appropriate for Master’s level education. That is, you may not use slang, contractions, split infinitives, etc. As your ministry undoubtedly involves a great deal of communication, it is important that you do so with proper English grammar.

A Note about Notes: Please do NOT leave notes for me on blackboard with your submitted assignment. I may or may not get them, so that’s not a good way to communicate with me. Typically I just have my TA pull them all off the web and give them to me. So, please direct any correspondence to me directly via email ([email protected]). I typically respond to emails within 24 hours on weekdays, slightly longer over weekends.

4 5/10/18 Academic Course Policies Revised 4/13/2010 (Please see catalog for full range of requirements.) 1. Academic Integrity (88-9): “Written material submitted must be the original work of the student. Academic dishonesty constitutes a serious violation of scholarship standards at Bethel and can result in denial of credit and possible dismissal from the school. Any act that involves misrepresentation regarding the student’s academic work is forbidden. Academic dishonesty includes cheating on assignments or exams, plagiarism, fabrication of research, multiple submissions of work in different courses, misrepresentation of academic records, the facilitation of academic dishonesty, and depriving others of necessary academic resources.” 2. Course Papers (90):  “All assigned course and term papers in all degree programs (with the exception of those in Marriage and Family Studies) are to be submitted in thesis form in conformity with the most recent edition of Kate Turabian’s A Manual for Writers…Students submitting papers in the Marriage and Family Studies and Marital and Family Therapy programs should follow the requirements of the most recent edition of The Publication Manual of the America Psychological Association.”  “In addition, students are expected to use inclusive language.” 3. Grades (91): “Grades will be assigned using the full range of letter grades (A-F), representing the following levels of performance: A Excellent work submitted; evidence of outstanding ability to synthesize and use course knowledge; consistent evidence of creativity and originality; insightful contributions in class; consistent demonstration of integrative and critical thinking skills; regular class attendance; and respectful interaction. B Good work submitted; evidence of substantial ability to analyze and use course knowledge; evidence of creativity and originality; thoughtful contributions in class; demonstration of integrative and critical thinking skills; regular class attendance; and respectful interaction. C Acceptable work submitted; evidence of adequate ability to analyze and use course knowledge; appropriate contributions in class; attempts at integration and critique; regular class attendance; and respectful interaction. D Poor work submitted; little evidence of ability to analyze and use course knowledge; inconsistent evidence of mastery of course content; few contributions in class; no attempts at integration and critique; inconsistent class attendance; and respectful interaction. F Inadequate work submitted; insufficient evidence of ability to analyze and use course knowledge; inappropriate and/or disrespectful contributions in class; poor class attendance; or failure to complete course requirements.” 4. Incomplete Course Work (92): “Students are expected to submit all work by the dates set by the course instructors and complete all course requirements on or before the last day of the quarter. The grade ‘Incomplete’ is temporary and will be granted only in unusual circumstances (such as serious illness or critical emergencies) and will not be considered for a student who is simply behind in the assignments.” 5. Harassment Policies (93): “Bethel Seminary is committed to providing a Christ-centered community where students, faculty, and staff can work together in an atmosphere free from all forms of harassment, exploitation, or intimidation, including racial and sexual harassment. All members of the Bethel community are expected to educate themselves about sexual and racial harassment.” 6. Course Evaluations: “Student course assessments are an important part of course development and enhancement. Student feedback is used by professors to modify courses and teaching approaches and is included in decisions on promotion and tenure for professors. In order to recognize the value of your input and to encourage you to provide that input, your completion of the course assessment electronically at the end of the course will be included as a factor in your final course grade. See your course syllabus for how this will be calculated.” Full-time residential faculty’s core courses are evaluated every-other term. For a listing of courses evaluated for the current term, please go to: https://bethelnet.bethel.edu/ureg/bssp/eval_index

5 5/10/18 7. Accessibility: Please contact the instructor as soon as possible if disability-related accommodations are needed. Accommodations for students with documented disabilities are set up through the office of Disability Services. Contact Kathy McGillivray, director of Disability Services, at (651) 635-8759. Drops/Withdrawals: If you are dropping or withdrawing from a course, it is important to establish your last day of attendance. Please notify the registrar’s office and contact your instructor of your intent to drop or withdraw from a course. Students carrying financial aid, please contact the financial aid office prior to dropping or withdrawing from the course in order to be informed of the consequences of this action on financial aid. If you are in a course that uses distance education delivery (e.g. Blackboard), be sure to sign on to your Blackboard course prior to withdrawing in order to establish the last day of attendance in your course.

6 5/10/18 Course Grading Scale: 95-100 = A 91-92 = B+ 83-84 = C+ 75-76 = D+ 69 and below = F 93-94 = A- 87-90 = B 79-82 = C 72-74 = D 85-86 = B- 77-78 = C- 70-71 = D-

CLASS SCHEDULE: with approximate times on the right. NOTE: times are only approximate for an average student to get an average grade (average grade, as per the Seminary catalogue, is a C). Students may take more or less time on each assignment, depending on his/her strengths and abilities.

Pre-course Work: Listen to: Prolegomena lecture (on blackboard) 30 min. Audio instructions for Worksheet #1 (Hebrews) 15 min. Read: Syllabus very carefully (on blackboard) 30 min. CM on Hebrews (pp. 596-618, 22pp) 1 hr 00 min. Lane, 1-179 (179pp) 8 hrs 00 min. Hebrews 1-13 (in one sitting; = about 13 pp) 30 min. CM on “New Testament Letters” (pp. 331-353; 22pp) 1 hr 00 min. Prepare for: Quiz #1: Hebrews. This quiz will be taken on blackboard. When you are prepared to take it, please log on to blackboard and take it in 30 minutes or less. Your completion of the quiz is taken as affirmation of your integrity in taking it without the aid of an open Bible or any other helps. 3 hrs 00 min. Work on: Worksheet #1 (Hebrews) 5 hrs 00 min.

TOTAL: 19 hrs 45 min. August 2: Due: CM on Hebrews (pp. 596-618; 22pp) Hebrews 1-13 (in one sitting; about 13 pp) Quiz #1: Hebrews (to be taken on blackboard before the beginning of class) Worksheet #1 (Hebrews) Lane, 1-179 (179pp). CM on “New Testament Letters” (pp. 331-353; 22pp) Class: Discussion of the Syllabus (clarifying anything you would like to discuss) 4 hrs Hebrews

TOTAL: 23 hrs 45 min. August 9: Due: Quiz #2 (James) 5 hrs 00 min Worksheet #2 (James) 3 hrs 00 min Read: CM on James (pp. 619-635; 16pp) James 1-5 (in one sitting; about 5pp) 1 hr 00 min Listen to: Audio instructions for Worksheet #2 (James). 15 min Class: Finish Hebrews 4 hrs 00 min James

WEEK: 13 hrs 15 min; TOTAL: 37 hrs 00 min August 16: Due: Quiz #3 (1, 2 Peter, Jude) 5 hrs 00 min Worksheet #3 (1, 2 Peter, Jude) 6 hrs 00 min Read: CM on 1 Peter (pp. 636-53; 17pp)

7 5/10/18 1 Peter 1-5 (in one sitting; about 5pp) CM on 2 Peter (pp. 654-668; 14pp) 2 Peter 1-3 (in one sitting; about 3 pp) CM on Jude (pp. 688-96; 8pp) Jude (in one sitting; about 1p; total: 48 pp) 2 hrs 00 min Listen to: Audio instructions for Worksheet #3 (1, 2 Peter, Jude) 15 min Class: 1, 2 Peter, Jude 4 hrs 00 min

WEEK: 17 hrs 15 min; TOTAL: 54 hrs 15 min

August 23: Due: Quiz #4 (1, 2, 3 John) 5 hrs 00 min Worksheet #4 (1, 2, 3 John) 3 hrs 00 min Read: CM on 1-3 John (pp. 669-687; 18pp) 1-3 John (in one sitting each; about 7pp) 1 hr 00 min Start reading Bauckham, 1-166 (166pp) 3 hrs 00 min Listen to: Audio instructions for Worksheet #4 (1, 2, 3 John) 15 min Class: 1, 2, 3 John 4 hrs 00 min Revelation WEEK: 16 hrs 15 min TOTAL: 70 hrs 30 min

August 30: Due: Quiz #5 (Revelation) 5 hrs 00 min Read: CM on Revelation (pp. 697-725; 18pp) Revelation 1-22 (in one sitting; about 22pp) 2 hrs 00 min Bauckham, 1-166 (166pp) 4 hrs 00 min Listen to:Audio instructions for the Exegesis Paper 30 min Watch: Revelation Lectures 2 hrs 00 min Class: Revelation 4 hrs 00 min Exegesis paper WEEK: 17 hrs 30 min TOTAL: 88 hrs 00 min

MONDAY, AUGUST 30, midnight central time. Exegesis Paper and Reading report due via blackboard. Due: Exegesis paper 20 hrs 00 min Reading report (unscheduled reading = 76 pp) 3 hrs 00 min

WEEK: 23 hrs 00 min Grand Total: 111 hrs 00 min

8 5/10/18 Recommended readings: Hebrews: George H. Guthrie, “Hebrews in Its First-Century Contexts: Recent Research.” In The Face of New Testament Studies: A Survey of Recent Research. Edited by Scot McKnight and Grant R. Osborne. Grand Rapids: Baker, 2004. pp. 414-443. George H. Guthrie, “Hebrews’ Use of the Old Testament: Recent Trends in Research.” Currents in Biblical Research 1.2 (2003) 271-294. William L. Lane, “Hebrews.” DLNTD 443-458. William L. Lane, Hebrews 1-8. WBC 47A. Dallas: Word, 1991. pp. xlvii-cliv. Andrew H. Trotter, Interpreting the Letter to the Hebrews. Grand Rapids: Baker, 1997. pp. 59-80 (Genre of Hebrews). James: Richard Bauckham, James: Wisdom of James, Disciple of Jesus the Sage. London and New York: Routledge, 1999. Richard Bauckham. "James and the Jerusalem Church," in R. Bauckham ed., The Book of Acts in its Palestinian Setting. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1995. pp. 415-480. Andrew Chester and Ralph P. Martin, The Theology of the Letters of James, Peter, and Jude. Cambridge: CUP, 1994. Douglas Moo, James. PNTC. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2000. pp. 1-46.

1 Peter: Ralph P. Martin, “1 Peter.” In The Theology of the Letters of James, Peter, and Jude. : CUP, 1994. pp. 87-133. 2 Peter: Robert L. Webb, “The Petrine Epistles: Recent Developments and Trends.” In The Face of New Testament Studies: A Survey of Recent Research. Ed. Scot McKnight and Grant R. Osborne. Grand Rapids: Baker, 2004. pp. 373-390. Richard J. Bauckham, Jude, 2 Peter. Word Biblical Themes. Dallas: Word Books, 1990. pp. 51- 107. Richard J. Bauckham, “Authorship and Pseudonymity” in Jude, 2 Peter. 50. Waco: Word Books, 1983. pp. 158-163. D. A. Carson, “Pseudonymity and Pseudepigraphy.” Dictionary of New Testament Background. Ed. Craig A. Evans and Stanley E. Porter. Downers Grove: InterVarsity Press, 2000. pp. 856-863. Jude: R. L. Webb, “Jude.” DLNTD 611-621. Richard J. Bauckham, Jude, 2 Peter. Word Biblical Themes. Dallas: Word Books, 1990. pp. 51-107. Richard J. Bauckham, Jude and the Relatives of Jesus in the Early Church. Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1990. pp. 134-178; 281-314. 1, 2, 3 John: Judith Lieu, The Second and Third Epistles of John (Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1986), pp. 1-51, 125-217. Ruth B. Edwards, The Johannine Epistles. New Testament Guides. Sheffield: Academic Press, 1996. Revelation: David E. Aune, The New Testament in Its Literary Environment. : Westminster Press, 1987. pp. 226-252. Beale, G. K. “The Hearing Formula and the Visions of John in Revelation,” in A Vision for the Church. Studies in Early Christian Ecclesiology in Honour of J. P. M. Sweet, ed. M. Bockmuehl and M. B. Thompson; Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1997. pp. 167-180.

9 5/10/18 Beale, G. K. “Revelation.” NDBT -63. Beale, G. K.The Book of Revelation. . Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1999. “The Theology and Goal of the Apocalypse.” pp. 171-178. Beale, G. K. "The Use of the O.T. in Revelation," in It is Written: Scripture Citing Scripture. Essays in Honor of Barnabas Lindars, ed. D. A. Carson and H. G. M. Williamson. Cambridge: CUP, 1988. pp. 318-336. Osborne, Grant R. “Recent Trends in the Study of the Apocalypse.” In The Face of New Testament Studies: A Survey of Recent Research. by S. McKnight and G. R. Osborne. Grand Rapids: Baker, 2004. pp. 473-504. Ramsay, William R. “The Symbolism of the Seven Letters.” pp. 41-52 in The Letters to the Seven Churches. Ed. M. W. Wilson. Peabody: Hendrickson, 1994.

Books on Reserve for this course in the library: Achtemeier, Paul J. 1 Peter: A Commentary on First Peter.Hermeneia. Philadelphia: Fortress, 1996. Alexander, T. Desmond and Brian S. Rosner, New Dictionary of Biblical Theology. Downers Grove, Ill.: /Leicester: InterVarsity Press, 2000. Attridge, Harold W. The Epistle to the Hebrews: A Commentary on the Epistle to the Hebrews. Hermeneia. Philadelphia: Fortress Press, 1989. Aune, David E. Revelation. 3 vols. WBC 52A-C. Dallas: Word Books, 1997, 1998. Aune, David E. The New Testament in Its Literary Environment. Philadelphia: Westminster Press, 1987. Bauckham, Richard J. James. New Testament Readings. London: Routledge, 1999. Bauckham, Richard J. Jude and the Relatives of Jesus in the Early Church. Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1990. Bauckham, Richard J. Jude, 2 Peter. WBC 50. Waco: Word Books, 1983. Bauckham, Richard J. Jude, 2 Peter. Word Biblical Themes. Dallas: Word Books, 1990. Bauckham, Richard J. The Climax of Prophecy: Studies in the Book of Revelation. Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1993. Bauckham, Richard J. The Theology of the Book of Revelation. Cambridge: CUP, 1993. Beale, G. K.The Book of Revelation. NIGTC. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1999. Brown, Raymond E. The Epistles of John. AB 30. Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1982. Bruce, F. F. The Epistle to the Hebrews, NICNT, rev. ed. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1990. Carson, D. A. and Douglas Moo. Introduction to the New Testament. 2nd ed. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 2005. Carson, D. A. New Testament Commentary Survey. 5th edition. Grand Rapids: Baker, 2001. Chester Andrew, and Ralph P. Martin, The Theology of the Letters of James, Peter, and Jude. Cambridge: CUP, 1994. Davids, Peter H. The Epistle of James: A Commentary on the Greek Text. NIGTC. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1982. Davids, Peter H. The First Epistle of Peter. NICNT. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1990. Donelson, Lewis R. From Hebrews to Revelation: A Theological Introduction. Louisville: Westminster John Knox, 2000. Edwards, Ruth B. The Johannine Epistles. New Testament Guides. Sheffield: Academic Press, 1996. Ellingworth, Paul. Hebrews. NIGTC. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1993. Evans, Craig A. ed. Bible Knowledge Background Commentary: John, Hebrews-Revelation. Colorado Springs: Cook Publishers, 2005. Fee, Gordon D., New Testament Exegesis: A Handbook for Students and Pastors. Louisville, KY: Westminster/John Knox Press, 1993. Grudem, Wayne A. The First Epistle of Peter: An introduction and Commentary. TNTC. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1988. Guthrie, Donald. New Testament Introduction. Revised Edition. Downers Grove, Ill: InterVarsity Press, 1990.

10 5/10/18 Guthrie, George H. Hebrews. NIVAC. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1998. Hendriksen, William, More Than Conquerors. Grand Rapids: Baker, 1940. Lane, William L. Hebrews. 2 vols. WBC 47A-B. Dallas: Word, 1991. Lane, William L. Hebrews: A Call to Commitment. Peabody: Hendrickson, 1988. Lieu, Judith. The Second and Third Epistles of John: History and Background. Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1986. Lieu, Judith. The Theology of the Johannine Epistles. New Testament Theology. Cambridge: CUP, 1991. Longman, Tremper III, and David E. Garland, eds. The Expositor’s Bible Commentary (Revised Edition). Vol. 13: Hebrews – Revelation Marshall, I. Howard. The Epistles of John. NICNT. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1978. Martin, Ralph R. and Peter H. Davids. Dictionary of the Later New Testament and Its Developments. Downers Grove, Ill.: InterVarsity Press, 1997. Michaels, J. Ramsey. 1 Peter. WBC 49. Waco: Word, 1988. Michaels, J. Ramsey. Interpreting the Book of Revelation. Guides to New Testament Exegesis. Grand Rapids: Baker, 1992. Moo, Douglas. James. PNTC. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2000. Mounce, R. H. The Book of Revelation. NICNT. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1977. Osborne, Grant R. Revelation. BECNT. Grand Rapids: Baker, 2002. Ramsay, W. M. The Letters to the Seven Churches. Updated Edition. Edited by Mark K. Wilson. Peabody: Hendrickson, 1994. Robinson, Haddon W. Biblical Preaching: The Development and Delivery of Expository Messages. Grand Rapids: Baker, 1980. Smalley, Stephen S. 1, 2, 3 John. WBC 51. Waco: Word Books, 1984. Soulen, Richard N. and R. Kendall Soulen. Handbook of Biblical Criticism. 3rd ed. Revised and Expanded. Louisville, Kentucky: Westminster John Knox, 2001. Trotter, Andrew H. Interpreting the Letter to the Hebrews. Grand Rapids: Baker, 1997. Walvoord, John F. The Revelation of Jesus Christ. London: Marshall, Morgan, and Scott, 1966.

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