7Th Grade Exam Study Guide

7 th Grade A Changing Nation Notes Part I

Important Political Figures During the Era of Good Feelings

1. Important People  Henry Clay – Congressman from Kentucky who represented western interests; proposed the American System  John C. Calhoun – Congressman from South Carolina who represented southern interests; emphasized states’ rights  Daniel Webster – Congressman from Massachusetts who represented northern interests; supported high tariffs

Important Economic Events

2. Second Bank of United States  The State Banks made too many loans and issued too much money which created problems.  This bank solved that problem by controlling the loaning of money and money supply.

3. Tariff of 1816  The British manufacturers were dumping goods, which hurt American Businesses.  This tariff raised taxes on foreign goods, pleasing northerners and upsetting southerners.

Key Supreme Court Cases

4. McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)  Question: Can Maryland tax a state branch of the Second Bank of the United States?  Decision: States cannot interfere with federal institutions or violate federal law.

5. Dartmouth College v. Woodward (1819)  Question: Can New Hampshire change the charter of Dartmouth College?  Decision: The Charter was a private contract protected by the Constitution.

6. Gibbons v. Ogden (1824)  Question: Can New York State grant a steamship company a monopoly on the Hudson River Ferry?  Decision: The ferry trip involved interstate commerce, which only Congress can regulate.