1. How Was the Cold War Fought?

World History Ms. Avar Point Value: / 5 Superpowers STUDENT Faceoff KEY

PART I: Use the notes from Ms. Avar to complete the following (see sample binder or webpage if absent)

1. How was the Cold War fought? Indirectly between two superpowers (cold v. hot)

2. What is a “superpower”? It is a state/nation with a leading international position. It has the ability to influence events and its own interest, as well as project power worldwide to protect those interests.

3. Which two countries were the major world superpowers after World War II? The United States / U.S.S.R (Soviet Union)

4. How were their conflicts fought? Through “satellite” / dependent countries

5. What was one example of a satellite country? Germany

6. What happened during the Berlin Blockade and Airlift?

• Western powers unified three western zones and replaced old German currency with stable currency March 1948

• Soviets closed road, rail and water ways and cut off supplies to western Berlin in June 1948

• The United States flew in supplies to Western Berlin

• May 12, 1949 Stalin stops the blockade for fear of nuclear retaliation

7. What was the Berlin Wall?

A physical barrier completely dividing West Berlin (West Germany) from East Berlin (East Germany). The borders of Germany symbolize the Iron Curtain between Western Europe and the Eastern Bloc.

8. What is the Brandenburg Gate? Why is it significant? From 1961 to 1989 the Berlin Wall shut off access to it from both East and West.

9. What image do you see on page 526-527 in your book? Why is it significant? PART II: Use your notes (Cold War: Brrr), Ch. 17 Sec. 1 Reader, and textbook (p. 531-537) to explain what each action or policy is AND how it led to the Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union. The first one is done for you as an example.

1. Meeting at Potsdam, Germany (p. 533) 2. Policy of containment (p. 533) What was it? What was it? U.S., Britain & Soviet Union leaders met to decide fate of Nazi Germany after the war. Truman pressed Stalin to permit free elections in Eastern Europe. Soviet leader refused. How did it lead to the Cold War?

How did it lead to the Cold War? Stalin declares communism and capitalism could not exist in the same world (increase tensions). Creation of Iron Curtain / East v. West 3. Truman Doctrine (p. 534) 4. Marshall Plan (p. 534) What was it? What was it?

How did it lead to the Cold War? How did it lead to the Cold War?

5. Blockade of Berlin (p. 534) 6. Formation of North Atlantic Treaty What was it? Organization (NATO) (p. 535) What was it?

7. Policy of brinkmanship (p. 536) 8. Launching of Sputnik I. (p. 537) What was it? What was it?