Week 2 Test-Psychodynamic Personality Theories

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

1. Freud’s psychoanalysis rests on which two cornerstones? a.sex and aggression b.sex and hunger c.security and safety d.security and sex

2. Freud saw himself primarily as a a.psychologist. b.scientist. c.philosopher. d.writer of fiction. e.general practitioner.

3. Freud’s lifelong optimism and self-confidence may have stemmed from a.being his mother’s favorite child. b.his father’s outstanding business success. c.the death of his younger brother. d.the presence of much older half-brothers.

4. Since early in his adolescence, Freud had a strong desire to a.live in the United States. b.win fame by making a great discovery. c.treat the poor and destitute of Vienna. d.practice medicine.

5. Freud’s free association technique evolved from a.Charcot’s hypnotic technique. b.his use of cocaine. c.Breuer’s cathartic method. d.the periodicity theory of Wilhelm Fliess.

6. Freud abandoned his ______theory in 1897, the year after his father died. a.seduction b.Oedipal c.dream d.childhood sexuality e.anal

7. After World War I, Freud made which revision to his theory of personality? a.He placed greater emphasis on the aggression instinct. b.He identified the three levels of mental life. c.He rejected repression as an ego defense mechanism. d.He rejected the notion of a female Oedipus complex. 8. Freud began his famous self-analysis a.at about the time that his father died. b.as a reaction to his experiences during World War I. c.as a reaction to the death of his wife. d.while still a schoolboy. e.as a reaction to the death of his mother.

9. Unlike Freud’s psychoanalysis, Adler’s individual psychology assumed that a.behavior is shaped by past experiences. b.people are motivated largely by aggression. c.people are mostly responsible for their personalities. d.most behavior is motivated by unconscious forces. e.the sexual instinct is the basis for most human behavior.

10. Adler’s earliest memories concerned a.comparisons with his older and healthier brother. b.an active interest in helping others. c.neglect by his mother. d.his desire to become a famous psychologist.

11. The death of Adler’s younger brother resulted in Adler a.withdrawing from other family members. b.developing a severe childhood neurosis. c.deciding to become a doctor. d.turning to his older brother for protection.

12. From Adler’s biography, we know that he a.came from a Jewish background. b.had a younger brother who died in infancy. c.was second born. d.None of these is correct. e.All of these are correct.

13. Adler’s break with Freud was due to the fact that a.Freud believed that psychoanalysis should change to keep up with society. b.Adler was extremely deferent to Freud. c.Adler could not accept Freud’s strong emphasis on sexual factors as motivators of behavior. d.Freud lacked organizational skills, leaving Adler with the responsibility of directing the Wednesday Psychological Society.

14. During the time that Freud and Adler were members of the Wednesday Psychological Society, ______. a.Adler considered Freud to be his mentor. b.Freud prevented Adler from holding office in the organization. c.they shared a warm personal relationship. d.they conspired to prevent Carl Jung from joining the organization. e.None of these is correct.

15. Adler’s concern for the whole person led to his a.developing treatments for cancer. b.studying psychiatry. c.becoming a rabbi. d.advocating revolution.

16. In response to World War I, Adler a.enlisted in the army. b.became a conscientious objector. c.changed his theoretical views. d.moved to a neutral country.

17. Carl Jung believed that people are influenced by a.repressed experiences. b.experiences inherited from their ancestors. c.conscious sexual and aggressive urges. d.All of these are correct.

18. Jung came from a.a large, close-knit family. b.parents who disagreed. c.a French farm family. d.a single-parent family.

19. Like Freud, Jung was a.an Austrian. b.a physician. c.Jewish. d.an archaeologist.

20. Both Jung and Freud underwent a personal crisis and a profound change during their late 30s or early 40s. In contrast to Freud, Jung a.began his self-analysis as a reaction to his father’s death. b.was relatively unproductive in terms of publications and external accomplishments. c. was primarily concerned with his personal unconscious rather than the collective unconscious. d. increased his social contacts and became more extraverted.

21. As a boy, Jung became aware of a No. 1 and a No. 2 personality. His No. 2 personality a.knew feelings unknown to the No. 1 personality. b.was a reflection of the Egyptian empress, Cleopatra. c.was his persona, or face, that he showed to other people. d.was extraverted and in tune with the objective world.

22. Because Jung was ______, Freud groomed him to be his successor. a.Jewish b.unmarried c.Viennese d.a lawyer e.None of these is correct.

23. Jung’s warm relationship with Freud began to collapse when a. Jung learned of Freud’s love affair with his sister-in-law. b.the two men began to interpret one another’s dreams. c.Freud learned of Jung’s frequent affairs. d.Jung refused to travel with Freud to the United States.

24. After Jung broke from Freud, he developed an approach to theory and therapy called a.psychoanalysis. b.archetype analysis. c.complex counseling. d.individuation analysis. e.None of these is correct. 25. Klein extended Freud’s psychoanalysis by emphasizing a.adolescence. b.young adulthood. c.old age. d.very early infancy.

26. According to Klein, the child’s first model for interpersonal relations is the a.breast. b.mother. c.father. d.self.

27. Klein came to psychoanalysis as a.a historian. b.a physician. c.a sociologist. d.a psychologist. e.None of these is correct.

28. Among the people that Klein psychoanalyzed was a.Anna Freud. b.her son Erich. c.Erich Fromm. d.Albert Ellis. e.Erik Erikson.

29. Melanie Klein had an especially warm relationship with a.her daughter Melitta. b.Anna Freud. c.Both of these are correct. d.Neither of these is correct.

30. Object relations theory differs from Freud’s theory in that it a.places more emphasis on interpersonal relations. b.stresses the importance of a nurturing mother. c.places less emphasis on sexual pleasure. d. all of these are correct

31. According to Klein, the phantasies of an infant are a.of little importance. b.mostly conscious. c.unconscious. d.none of these.

32. Klein believed that children introject their mother into their psychic structure. This means that they a.believe that they are inside their mother. b.believe that their mother is inside their own body. c.reject their mother’s authority. d.adopt their mother’s standards of morality. 33. According to Horney, the underlying cause of human neuroses is a.the Oedipus complex. b.physiological deficiencies. c.restrictive toilet training. d.human interrelations.

34. Horney believed that children develop ______as a reaction to unfilled needs for love and affection. a.basic hostility to their parents b.codependence with their parents c.independence from their parents d.an Oedipus complex

35. Horney believed that people combat basic anxiety by adopting which mode of relating to people? a.moving against others b.moving toward others c.moving away from others d.All of these are correct.

36. Karen Horney, like ______, was the youngest child of a middle-aged father, had older siblings who were favored by her parents, and felt unwanted and unloved. a.Sigmund Freud b.Carl Jung c.Melanie Klein d.Eric Fromm

37. Horney came to psychoanalysis from a.art. b.music. c.medicine. d.sociology.

38. In Horney’s view, ______is (are) largely responsible for the development of basic anxiety and subsequent unhealthy interpersonal relations. a.cultural conditions b.the existential dilemma c.the idealized self-image d.neurotic pride

39. According to Horney, normal and neurotic individuals differ in their use of the three basic styles of relating to people in that a.neurotics use deceit to relate to others. b.normals only use one mode of relating to others. c.neurotics only use one mode of relating to others. d.neurotics use the three basic styles, but normals do not.

40. Horney’s theory is built mainly on her writings about a.psychoses and psychotic people. b.neuroses and neurotic people. c.normality and normal people. d.self-actualizing people. e.women rather than men.

41. Horney criticized Freudian theory on several accounts. Which of these was one of her major criticisms? a.Freud’s ideas on feminine psychology b.too little emphasis on biological factors c.too little emphasis on ego functioning d.it was too flexible in theory and practice

42. The outstanding feature of Sullivan’s theory of personality is its strong emphasis on a.conscious thought. b.interpersonal relationships. c.environmental reinforcers. d.unconscious cognition.

43. Sullivan’s belief in the therapeutic power of an intimate relationship during the preadolescent years a.was based on his scientific observations of children and adolescents. b.is true of male but not female relationships. c.grew out of his psychiatric work with male schizophrenics. d.appeared to grow out of his own childhood experiences.

44. As a child, Sullivan a.twice was elected most popular boy in his class. b.had few friends or acquaintances his age. c.fought in religious wars in Ireland. d.aspired to become a farmer and move to Kansas. e.experienced a warm, intimate relationship with his father.

45. Sullivan’s Zodiac group served as a.a discussion group of professionals interested in the social sciences. b.a research group convened to investigate his interest in astrology. c.a forum for training hospital attendants in the care of schizophrenics. d.a source of financial support for his research on treating schizophrenia.

46. Sullivan believed that people develop their personalities a.independent of environmental influences. b.through the clash of unconscious motives. c.through the actualization of innate biological drives. d.only within the context of the family. e.None of these is correct.

47. Sullivan, like Freud and Jung, saw personality as a.having three levels of consciousness. b.a result of childhood trauma. c.a product of the collective unconscious. d.fixed and unchanging. e.an energy system.

48. Sullivan postulated two kinds of experience: a.tensions and energy transformations. b.parataxic and syntaxic experiences. c.real and therapeutic experiences. d.mental and physical experiences.

49. In Sullivan’s theory, tensions are of two kinds: needs and a.metaneeds. b.wants. c.anxiety. d.satisfaction. e.tenderness.

50. According to Sullivan, a potentiality for action that may or may not be conscious is called a.a tension. b.an energy transformation. c.a personification. d.a dynamism. e.a self-system.