Unit 10 - Digestive System

Medical Anatomy and Physiology

UNIT 10 - DIGESTIVE SYSTEM ACTIVITY - Digestive Worksheet

Name Period

1. Describe the differences between chemical and mechanical digestion.

2. Differentiate between the alimentary canal and accessory organs. Give examples of each.

3. List the three pairs of salivary glands.

a. b. c.

4. Describe the functions of saliva.

5. Arrange the following tooth regions in order from the most superficial to the deepest:

______root ______crown ______neck

6. Arrange the following tooth structures in order from the most superficial to the deepest.

______pulp cavity ______enamel ______dentin

7. Arrange the following tooth structures in order from the hardest substance to the softest substance.

______pulp cavity ______enamel ______dentin

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8. What is another name for the gums? ______

9. Describe the action of salivary amylase.

10. What term means...

a. chewing: b. swallowing: c. gastric mixing movements: d. ball of food formed in the mouth: e. liquid paste formed by food and gastric juice: f. wave-like smooth muscle contractions that move food: g. folds in the stomach that allow it to stretch:

11. Answer the following questions about the stomach.

a. The stomach connects to the esophagus at the ______. b. The stomach connects to the duodenum at the ______.

12. Answer the following questions about the pancreas.

a. The digestive enzymes are produced by the ______cells. b. Pancreatic juices flow through the pancreatic duct and into the

13. Answer the following questions about the gallbladder:

a. The gallbladder is located on the underside of the ______. b. The gallbladder ______and ______bile. c. The bile flows through the ______and into the small intestine where it ______fat. d. The principle pigment of bile is ______.

14. Name the three sections (in order) of the small intestine.

a. b. c.

15. What are the modified structures of the small intestine which increase the surface area for absorption? ______Unit Ten – Digestive System Page 2 Draft Copy Medical Anatomy and Physiology

16. What are the two major functions of the small intestine?

17. Name the structures (in order) of the large intestine.

a. b. c. d. e. f. g. h.

18. List three major functions of the large intestine.

a. b. c.

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Test Review

1. Describe the general functions of the digestive system.

2. Differentiate between the two forms of digestion. a. chemical: b. mechanical (physical):

3. Differentiate between the alimentary canal structures and the accessory structures of digestion. Give examples of each.

4. Define the functions of saliva and of salivary amylase in digestion.

5. Identify the parts of a typical tooth. a. crown:

b. neck:

c. root:

d. gingivae:

e. periodontal ligament:

f. enamel:

g. dentin:

h. pulp:

i. root canal:

6. Define the following. a. deglutition:

b. mastication:

c. maceration:

d. segmentation:

e. haustral churning:

f. peristalsis:

7. Describe the following organs in terms of their anatomical features of the stomach:

a. fundus:

b. body:

c. rugae:

d. pylorus:

e. pyloric sphincter:

8. Identify the four basic components of gastric juice. a. mucous:

b. pepsinogen:

c. hydrochloric acid:

9. Answer the following questions about the pancreas. a. Where is it located?

b. What enzymes does it produce?

10. Describe the function of bile and the role of the gallbladder in digestion.

11. Identify the three sections of the small intestine. a. b. c.

12. Identify the structures and sections of the large intestine that start with the following letters. a. C b. A c. T d. D e. S f. R g. A

13. Describe the diseases and disorders of the digestive system. a. Appendicitis:

b. Cirrhosis:

c. Colorectal Cancer:

d. Gallstones:

e. Hepatitis:

f. Obesity:

g. Ulcers:

h. Bulimia Nervosa:

i. Anorexia Nervosa:

lith/o ______UNIT 10 - DIGESTIVE SYSTEM -megaly ______TERMINOLOGY mono ______nas/o ______Prefixes, Root Words, and Suffixes odont/o ______-ologist ______abdomin/o ______-ology ______-al ______or/o ______aliment ______orth/o ______an/o ______-ostomy ______antr/o ______-otomy ______append/o ______palat/o ______-ase ______pancreat/o ______bucc/o ______para ______cari ______pepsia ______cec/o ______peri ______celi/o ______peritone/o ______-centesis ______-phagia ______cheil/o ______pharyng/o ______chol/e ______-plasty ______cholangi/o ______poly ______cholecyst/o ______polyp/o ______choledoch/o ______proct/o ______col/o ______pylor/o ______colon/o ______rect/o ______dia ______retro ______dent/o ______-rrhea ______di ______sacchar ______diverticul/o ______-scope ______duoden/o ______-scopy ______dys ______sial/o ______-ectomy ______sigmoid/o ______emesis ______-stasis ______end/o ______stomat/o ______enter/o ______sub ______esophag/o ______uvul/o ______gastr/o ______viscer/o ______gingiv/o ______alimentary ______gloss/o ______appendectomy ______-graphy ______biliary ______hemat/o ______buccal ______hepat/o ______cholecystecomy herni/o ______cholecytitis ______hiatus ______cholelithiasis ______-ia ______colonoscopy ______-iasis ______colostomy ______-ic ______dental caries ______ile/o ______dentist ______-ist ______diarrhea ______-itis ______dyspepsia ______jejun/o ______dysphagia ______lapar/o ______endoscopy ______lingu/o ______enteritis ______

Unit Ten – Digestive System Page 7 Draft Copy Medical Anatomy and Physiology gastroenterologist ______end/o inside, within gastrojejunosotmy ______enter/o small intestine hematemesis ______esophag/o esophagus hepatitis ______gastr/o stomach herniorrhaphy ______gingiv/o gums hiatal ______gloss/o tongue ileocecal ______-graphy process of viewing ileostomy ______hemat/o blood laparotomy ______hepat/o liver orthodontics ______herni/o hernia paracentesis ______hiatus an opening pancreatitis ______-ia pertaining to peptic ______-iasis condition of proctoscopy ______-ic pertaining to retroperitoneal ______ile/o ileum sialolith ______-ist a specialist sigmoidoscopy ______-itis inflammation, infection stomatitis ______jejun/o jejunum sublingual ______lapar/o abdomen visceral ______lingu/o tongue lith/o stone BM ______-megaly enlargement GI ______mono one nas/o nose odont/o tooth Prefixes, Root Words, and Suffixes-KEY -ologist a person who studies abdomin/o abdomen -ology study of -al pertaining to or/o mouth aliment pertaining to food orth/o straight an/o anus -ostomy creation of an artificial opening antr/o antrum -otomy cut into append/o appendix, to hang from palat/o palate -ase enzyme pancreat/o pancreas bucc/o cheeck para abdomen cari decay pepsia digestion cec/o cecum peri around celi/o abdomen peritone/o peritoneum; lining of the abdominal -centesis surgical puncture to remove fluid cavity cheil/o lip -phagia eating, swallowing chol/e bile, gallbladder pharyng/o pharynx, throat cholangi/o cystic duct -plasty surgical repair cholecyst/o gallbladder poly many choledoch/o gallbladder ducts polyp/ polyps col/o colon or large intestine proct/o rectum and anus colon/o colon or large intestine pylor/o pylorus; lowest part of the stomach dia through rect/o rectum dent/o tooth retro behind di two, double -rrhea discharge diverticul/o diverticulum sacchar sugar duoden/o duodenum -scope instrument to view dys bad, painful, difficult -scopy process of viewing -ectomy surgical removal of sial/o saliva emesis vomit sigmoid/o sigmoid colon

-stasis standing still, stopping stomat/o mouth sub under, below uvul/o uvula; tissue suspended from the back of the throat viscer/o organ alimentary pertaining to food appendectomy removal of the appendix biliary pertaining to bile buccal pertaining to the cheek cholecystecomy removal of the gallbladder cholecytitis inflammation of the gallbladder cholelithiasis condition of gallstones colonoscopy process of viewing the colon colostomy creation of a new opening in the large intestine dental caries tooth decay dentist a tooth specialist diarrhea through discharge dyspepsia difficult (or painful or bad) digestion dysphagia difficulty swallowing endoscopy process of viewing inside enteritis inflammmation of the small intestine gastroenterologist one who studies the stomach and small intestines gastrojejunostomy creation of an artificial opening between the stomach and the jejunum hematemesis bloody vomit hepatitis inflammation of the liver herniorrhaphy surgical repair of a hernia hiatal pertaining to an opening ileocecal pertaining to the ileum and the cecum ileostomy creation of an artificial opening in the ileum laparotomy process of cutting into the abdomen orthodontics making teeth straight paracentesis surgical puncture into the abdomen to remove fluid pancreatitis inflammation of the pancreas peptic pertaining to digestion (stomach) proctoscopy process of viewing the rectum and the anus retroperitoneal pertaining to behind the peritoneal membrane sialolith saliva stones sigmoidoscopy process of viewing the sigmoid colon stomatitis inflammation of the mouth sublingual below the tongue visceral pertaining to organs

BM bowel movement GI gastrointestinal

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