Graded By______Name______CHAPTER 12 – THE RECONSTRUCTION ERA Rival Plans for Reconstruction , Reconstruction in the South and The End of Reconstruction A. Key Terms and People

Directions: From the bank below, choose the term or person that best fits each description. For any terms that are NOT used, write an original, brief definition at the end of the Multiple Choice Section. a. Reconstruction h. Fifteenth Amendment o. tenant farming b. Radical Republican i. scalawags p. Ku Klux Klan c. Wade-Davis Bill j. carpetbaggers q. Enforcement Acts d. Freedmen’s Bureau k. segregation r. Redeemers e. black code l. integration s. Compromise of 1877 f. Civil Rights Act of 1866 m. sharecropping t. Rutherford B. Hayes g. Fourteenth Amendment n. share-tenancy

_____1. guarantees equality under the law for all citizens

_____2. limited the rights of African Americans

_____3. killed by President Lincoln with a “pocket veto“

_____4. provided aid to refugees in the South

_____5. forbade states to deny suffrage on the basis of race, color, or previous condition of servitude

_____6. passed by Congress over a presidential veto

_____7. farming system in which a landowner dictated the crop

_____8. northerners who came to the South to improve their economic or political situations

_____9. farming system in which a tenant paid cash rent to a landowner

_____10. white southerners who had been locked out of pre-Civil War politics

_____11. separation of the races

_____12. agreement that ended Reconstruction

_____13. Republican who won the presidential election of 1876 over Samuel Tilden, following a dispute over votes

_____14. southern politicians who worked to unite white southerners to regain power in Congress

B. Key Concepts Directions: Write the letter of the best answer or ending in each blank.

_____15. By the end of the Civil War, a. many Confederate leaders had been tried for treason. b. African Americans had gained full citizenship. c. the South’s economy had been destroyed. d. Congress had passed legislation to rebuild the nation.

_____16. One of President Lincoln’s first major goals for Reconstruction was to a. reunify the nation. b. redistribute the South’s land. c. grant African Americans full citizenship. d. punish southern states for seceding.

_____17. President Johnson’s plan for Reconstruction required a. states to grant African Americans suffrage. b. wealthy planters and Confederate leaders to apply for pardons. c. southern landholders to break up their plantations. d. state legislatures to submit to federal regulations.

_____18. What was the outcome of Johnson’s impeachment proceedings? a. Secretary of War Edwin Stanton was fired. b. The House voted not to impeach the President. c. The House impeached the President but the Senate failed to remove him. d. Johnson was removed from office and Ulysses S. Grant became President.

_____19. The Republican Party became strong in the South, in part because a. millions of southern African American men became voters. b. the party did not require a loyalty oath in order to vote. c. many white Southerners attended the state constitutional conventions. d. all former Confederate states quickly rejoined the Union.

_____20. During Reconstruction, most African American families in the South a. moved to southern cities, where they worked as skilled laborers. b. benefited from Sherman’s plan to give or sell land to freed people. c. remained in rural areas, and worked at jobs such as farming. d. migrated to work on the construction of railroads across the nation.

_____21. Which of the following was a key problem with the sharecropping system? a. Cotton was no longer a profitable crop. b. Landowners could lie about expenses to keep sharecroppers in debt. c. Sharecroppers had to buy their own supplies. d. Farmers had to pay the landowners cash rent as well as shares of the crop.

_____22. The Enforcement Acts a. prohibited Ku Klux Klan meetings. b. ordered a company of marines to protect African American voters. c. mandated hearings at which black politicians and others could speak out. d. made it a federal offense to interfere with a citizen’s right to vote.

_____23. During his presidency, Ulysses S. Grant a. cracked down on corruption in government. b. refused to take a strong lead against southern resistance to Reconstruction. c. took part in a plan to steal profits from the Union Pacific Railroad. d. gave high-level advisory posts to untrustworthy friends and acquaintances.

_____24. Who ran against Grant in 1872 as the Liberal Republican Party candidate? a. Jay Gould c. Charles Sumner b. Horace Greeley d. William Tweed

_____25. Northern support for Reconstruction eventually faded because a. Lincoln had been assassinated. b. the goals of Reconstruction had been met. c. the Freedmen’s Bureau had failed. d. the costs worried many people.

_____26. During the 1870s, Supreme Court decisions a. restricted the Fourteenth Amendment. b. denied African Americans suffrage. c. overturned Jim Crow laws. d. increased federal power.

_____27. Southern Democrats appealed to small farmers by a. agreeing to support African American suffrage. b. pointing out that schools and road building resulted in higher taxes. c. opposing racial segregation. d. combating the violent tactics of the Ku Klux Klan.

_____28. Reconstruction was successful in a. healing the bitterness between the North and the South. b. providing lasting protection for all freed people. c. raising African Americans’ expectations of their right to citizenship. d. reestablishing cotton as an important part of the southern economy.

_____29. The Fifteenth Amendment impacted the women’s suffrage movement by a. securing suffrage for white women. b. securing suffrage for all women. c. uniting the movement. d. splitting the movement.

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Document-Based Assessment The Freedmen’s Bureau Congress created the Freedmen’s Bureau to help freed slaves in the South. What impact did the Bureau have on education? How did white southerners react to the work of the Freedmen’s Bureau? Use your knowledge of the Freedmen’s Bureau and Documents A, B, C, and D to answer questions 1 through 4.

Document A “I am just returned from a tour through my district, and in reply to your note . . . have to say that at this place there are 366 colored children under 14 of which perhaps 200 might be gathered into a school. . . . The colored people here are anxious that a school may be established, and I heartily second their desire. Winchester also presents a favorable field for efforts in their behalf. There are 372 under 14, and a colored church that will accommodate about half of the pupils. . . . At Harpers Ferry I found a school of 40 pupils established by Miss Mann . . . and taught by her for four months under every discouragement illustrating heroic charity. She is about to accept a situation elsewhere, and was exceedingly anxious that the school should be continued. . . . I promised that the school should continue.” —W. Storer How, August 31, 1865 Document B Freedmen’s Bureau school of Edisto Island, South Carolina

Document C Cartoon depicting President Johnson’s veto of the Freedmen’s Bureau bill.

Document D “We have pronounced ourselves distinctly in favor of the education of the Freedmen. . . . It is the interest of the whites and blacks alike that education should be generally diffused, and it will prepare both classes for the better performance of their duties. Therefore, let the people of the South, even the true, and, in fact, we think, only real friends of the negro move in the matter wisely and upon system. If the negro is to possess civil rights, and those are already accorded him, a certain amount of education will be indispensable. . . . The following . . . remarks show very clearly what difficulties are in the way of the system which has been established by those who are ignorant of the nature and character of the blacks. The Southern people must take the matter in their own hands.” —J.D.B. DeBrow, Debow’s Review, July 1866

_____31. Which documents present a constructive view of the Freedmen’s Bureau’s efforts? a. Documents B and C c. Documents A and B b. Documents A and D d. Documents C and D

_____32. In Document D, what is the author’s view of educating freed slaves? a, The job should be given to the Freedmen’s Bureau. b. Northern teachers should be trained for the job. c. The job should be given to educated blacks. d. Southerners who understand freed slaves should educate them. _____33. Which document presents the conflict between President Johnson and Congress over the Freedmen’s Bureau? a. Document A c. Document C b. Document B d. Document D