Muscular System Test Review Sheet

Muscular System Review

1. Cells that make up the muscular system are called ______Myo, sacro = ______2. The three types of muscular tissue are: 1. 2. 3.

3. ______tissue is found in the lining of blood vessels, digestive system organs…etc.

4. ______tissue is found attached to bones 5. ______tissue is found in the heart 6. ______tissue is ‘sheet like’ when viewed through a microscope.

7. ______tissue occurs in bundles, is multi-nucleated and is striated.

8. ______tissue is considered voluntary muscle tissue while ______and ______are considered involuntary muscle tissues. 9. List and describe the four characteristics of muscle tissue: 1. 2. 3. 4.

10. List and describe the three functions of the muscular system 1. 2. 3.

11. The end of the muscle that is attached to the non movable portion of the bone is called the ______12. The end of the muscle that is attached to the moveable portion of the bone is called the ______13. The tough, outer layer of all skeletal muscles is called the ______14. Each skeletal muscle is composed of several bundles of ______15. Inside each muscle bundle mentioned in question 15, there are many ______16. Inside each portion mentioned in number 15, there are many repeating units that store glycogen called ______17. These repeating units from number 16 lie end to end and contain ______and______which slide past one another to allow muscles to contract. 18.

______muscle fiber

20. The force of muscle contraction depends on ______21. Either a muscle contracts or it doesn’t, we call this the ______22. Neuron - ______23. Muscles must be stimulated by a neuron to create an ______for contraction 24. ______ions and ______flow between neuron synapses which causes an electrical event or ______to occur 25. The stiffening of muscles that occurs 3-12 hours after death is called ______26. Decreasing the angle of a joint is called ______27. Increasing the angle of a joint is called ______28. Moving a bone away from the midline is accomplished by a(n) ______29. Moving a bone toward the midline is accomplished by a(n)______30. The production of an upward movement is accomplished by a(n)______31. The production of a downward movement is accomplished by a(n) ______32. Moving a bone around the long axis is accomplished by a(n) ______33. Muscles typically work in ______pairs in the body 34. The ______oppose the extensors 35. The ______oppose the adductors 36. The ______oppose the depressors 37. The muscle that causes the desirable action is referred to as the ______38. The muscle that undoes the action is referred to as the ______39. The fuel for muscle contraction is ______and is produced during ______40. Aerobic respiration breaks down glucose in the presence of ______to form ATP 41. ATP breaks the bonds between ______and ______filaments which then can slide past one another 42. When muscles run out of oxygen, we say they are in ______43. When the process in number 42 beings, muscles are anaerobic and ______then begins 44. The end product of the process in number 43, which accumulates in muscles, is ______45. Muscles then break down ______reserves to gain the glucose needed 46. Finally, muscles break down ______to produce ATP. This is the least effective way for muscles to gain energy. 47. How can we increase muscle endurance? ______and ______

48. Synthetic drugs called ______trick muscles into growing bigger since they resemble ______49. Describe the six disorders of the muscular system ______- ______- ______- ______- ______- ______- ______

50. What is the difference between tendons and ligaments? ligaments attach ______to ______tendons attach ______to ______51. Name the 2 protein filaments found in skeletal muscle: ______and ______Which one resembles 2 strings of beads that have been twisted together - ______Which one resembles a bundle of golf clubs? ______52. Give an example of a muscle that is a: a. flexor - ______e. levator - ______b. extensor - ______f. depressor - ______c. abductor - ______g. rotator - ______d. adductor - ______53. What is glycogen? ______Glycogen is stored in your ______and ______tissue When does your body begin breaking down glycogen? ______54. List 2 benefits of exercise. ______and ______55. Why are the muscles of males generally larger than those of females?

Be sure to study the muscle man drawing. Also study the muscles and their actions.