Effects of Newcastle Virus Suspension on Some Organs of White Mice

Medical Journal of Babylon-Vol. 12 - No. 1 -2015 دددد دددد دددددد- دددددد دددددد ددد- ددددد ددددد - 5 201 Effects of Newcastle Virus Suspension on Some Organs of white Mice (Balb/C)

Abbas Kadhim Al-Mansory1 Ahmed Obaid Al-Zobaidy2 Nemah H. Mehdi3 Al-Qasim Green University 1,2 Email: dr.abbas1966 @ yahoo.com College of Medicine, Babylon University 3

Received 25 September 2014 Accepted 23 November 2014 Abstract Newcastle disease is a contagious bird disease affecting wild avian species and many domestic, it may be transmissible to humans. Detection of Newcastle virus confirmed by rapid test technique (Immuno- chromatography). Ten samples (10%) out of 100 fasces samples collected from chickens were positive. Twelve mice used in this study divided into two groups, first group consist of six mice induced with 0.2 ml from one positive sample of Newcastle virus suspension to evaluate some histopathological changes in liver, lung and brain of mice, second group induced with 0.2 ml from phosphate buffer saline only. The results revealed that histopathological changes in liver were induced using 0.2 ml of Newcastle virus suspension ashyperpalsia in kufper cells. Lung of mice treated with this concentration of Newcastle virus has partial pnemonia and thickening the intra- alveolar walls. Brain of mice treated with same concentration induced increasing in number of glial cells .(glialosis) and apoptosis in brain cells .Key words : Newcasstle virus, mice (Balb/c), Immunochromatography

تاثير فايروس نيوكاسل على بعض العضاء عند الفئران البيض

الخلصة يعد مرض النيوكاسل من المراض المعديه والذي تتأثر به انواع الطيور الداجنة والبرية والذي بالمكان انتقاله الى النسان .تم التحري عن فايروس النيوكاسل باستخدام عدة تقنية الختبار المناعي السريع. أظهرت النتائج عشرة عينات من أصل مئة عينة براز جمعت من الدواجن كانت موجبة. تم تجريع اثنى عشر فأرا" في هذه الدراسة حيث قسمت الى مجموعتين، المجموعة الولى تتألف من ستة فئران أستحثت ب 0.2 مايكروليتر من معلق فايروس النيوكاسل لحدى العينات الموجبة لتقييم التغيرات النسيجية التي سببها الفايرس في المعاء والمعدة لهذه الفئران. المجموعة الثانية أستحثت ب 0.2 مايكروليتر من المحلول الملحي الدارئ .كما أظهرت النتائج أن التغيرات النسيجية في الكبد للفئران المستحثة بمعلق فايروس النيوكاسل فرط تسنج في خليا كفر. أظهرت نتائج رئة الفئران المعاملة بتركيز الفايرس أعله أنها قد أصيبت بذات الرئة جزئيا وتثخن في جدار الحويصلت. أما الدماغ للفئران المصابة بتركيز معلق الفايرس أعله فقد اظهر أنتحار وزيادة في خليا الدماغ. ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ

contagious viral diseases that affects Introduction domesticated and wild bird species ewcastle disease is caused by throughout the world as well as NDV is a avian paramyxovirus human pathogen and the most common serotype-1 (APMV-1), which sign of infection in humans is is also called Newcastle conjunctivitis that develops within hours N disease virus (NDV). It is a highly

1 on laboratory animals (mice) for of NDV exposure to the eye [1, 2] evaluation the effects of Newcastle However, disease host species and in disease on histological sections of these different geographical locations. NDV is .mice classified in the genus Avulavirus within :Experimental study-2 subfamily Paramyxovirinae, family A total of 12 males mice species Paramyxoviridae and order Balb/c aged two month and weight 100- Mononegavirales [3]. This enveloped 120 g divided into two groups , the first virus has a negative sense non- consist of six mice injected orally with segmented, single stranded RNA genome 0.2ml of Newcastle virus suspension for has 15198 nucleotides in length [4]. The one positive sample. The other control genome encodes six structural and two group received 0.2 ml of sterile non-structural proteins Based on the phosphate buffer saline (PBS) according fusion (F) gene strains are classified into to methods of [12, 13]. After 4-6 days lineages or genotypes; however the clinical signs were recorded in infected discrepancies between the two animals were observed experimental classification systems are nominal [5, 6, mice were sacrificed after anesthetization 7]. NDV is spread primarily through by chloroform and abdomen cavity was direct contact between healthy birds and opened by medical scissors, tissue from the bodily discharges of infected birds. small intestine, stomach, and liver were The disease is transmitted through collected from the experimentally infected birds' droppings and secretions infected mice and placed in formalin from the nose, mouth, and eyes. Clinical 10% for histo-pathological examination. manifestation or severity of the ND Histological sections and staining were depends largely upon the isolates prepared according to methods described involved in disease outbreak [8]. Based by [14]. The histopathological changes upon pathogenicity, these strains are were observed by Dr. Nemah. H. AL- commonly categorized into velogenic Jabori /college of medicine/Babylon (mesogenic and lentogenic types [9]. The University under the magnification varying level of pathogenicity is powers 10 X and 40 X of light attributed to amino acid sequence motif .microscope present in protease cleavage site of the precursor F protein [10, 11]. The aim of Results the current study was to evaluate the histological changes induced by Histological changes of current study Newcastle virus infection in mice observed in liver, lung and brain of mice .((Balb/c infected with 0.2ml from Newcastle virus suspension, these changes shown in figures 1, 3, and 5. Figures 2, 4, and 6 Materials and Methods represented control group of mice treated :Samples collection-1 .with 0.2ml phosphate buffer saline A total of 100 faeces samples were Figure-1 represented the liver of mice collected from chicken suffering from treated with 0.2ml from Newcastle virus clinical signs and symptoms of severe suspension shows hyperpalsia in kufper greeinsh watery diarrhea. Detection of .cells Newcasstle virus performed by rapid test The results in figure 3 indicated to lungs (Immunochromatography) supplied from of mice treated with 0.2ml concentration Biochek company–USA. The positive from virus Newcastle suspension samples for Newcastle were diluted with revealed to partial pneumonia and phosphate buffer saline or normal saline thinking the intra alveolar walls. Figure and stored at -20 ̊C in freeze. One (5) revealed that the brain of mice treated positive samples of Newcastle was with 0.2 ml concentration from further used for the experimental study Medical Journal of Babylon-Vol. 12 - No. 1 -2015 دددد دددد دددددد- دددددد دددددد ددد- ددددد ددددد - 5 201 mice treated with phosphate buffer Newcastle virus suspension showed saline. No histological changes observed increase in number of glial cells in liver, lung and brain of control mice (glialosis) and apoptosis in brain cells. .group Figures 2, 4, and 6 revealed that liver, lung and brain respectively for control

Medical Journal of Babylon-Vol. 12 - No. 1 -2015 دددد دددد دددددد- دددددد دددددد ددد- ددددد ددددد - 5 201

5 systems are digestive system (e.g: liver), Discussion respiratory system (e.g: lung) and The lesions of Newcastle virus most nervous system (e.g: brain) [15]. In prominent duodenum jejunum and ileum. conclusion the Newcastle virus Even in birds showing neurological signs suspension resulted in clear histological prior to death, little evidence is found changes in liver, lung and brain of mice nervous system. Lesions are usually .((Balb /c present in the respiratory tract when clinical signs indicate involvement [15]. References The results of present study about Swayne, D.E. and King, D.J. (2003). - 1 effects of Newcastle virus suspension on Avian influenza and Newcastle disease. J. liver, lung, and brain of mice which Am. Vet. Med. Assoc., 222 (1): 1550- experimentally infected revealed to .1534 histopathological changes within liver Seal, BS.; King, DJ. and - 2 ,lung and brain of mice infected with 0.2 Meinersmann, RJ. (2000). Molecular ml from Newcastle virus suspension. evolution of the Newcastle disease virus These histopathological changes were matrix protein gene and phylogenetic observed in figure 1, 3, and 5. Figure-1 relationships among showed histological changes in liver the paramyxoviridae.Virus. Res,. 66:1– represented in hyperpalsia in kufper cells. .11 This results similar to recent studies Alexander, D. (2003). Newcastle - 3 mentioned that Newcastle virus outbreak disease, other avian paramyxoviruses and in a poultry facility in Japan was pneumovirus infections. In Diseases of characterized, among other lesions, by Poultry. 4th edition. Edited by Saif YM, .[hepatic necrosis [16 Barnes HJ; Glisson, JR; Fadly, AM LRM The results of lung mice infected and Swayne, D.: Iowa State University: with same concentration of this virus .63–99 revealed partial pneumonia and Kolakofsky, D.; Roux, L.; Garcin, D. - 4 thickening the intra- alveolar walls. This and Ruigrok, RW. (2005). Paramyxovirus results accept with other reported mRNA editing the “rule of six” and error mentioned that some Newcastle virus catastrophe: a hypothesis. J. Gen. Virol., strains have been shown experimentally .86: 1877-1869 cause moderate lesions in the respiratory Aldous, EW., Mynn, JK.; Banks, J. - 5 system, these changes were obtained and Alexander, D.J. (2003). A molecular only through aerosolization or use of epidemiological study of avian paramyxo- very high viral titers direct air sac virus type 1 (Newcastle disease virus) .[instillation of the virus [17 isolates by phylogenetic analysis of a Whilethe results of lung mice partial nucleotide sequence of the fusion infected with same concentration from .protein gene. Avian. Pathol., 32:239–256 Newcastle virus suspension recorded Czegledi, A.; Ujvari ,D.; Somogyi - 6 increase in number of glial cells ,E.and Wehmann, E. (2005) genome size (glialosis) and apoptosis in brain cells. category of avian paramyxovirus serotype This results agreement with some studies 1 (Newcastle disease virus) and mentioned finding Interactions between evolutionary implications. Virus. Res., the Newcastle disease virus and mouse .120:36–48 .[tissues [18 Diel, DG.; Susta, L.; Cardenas ,G. and -7 Causes of histopathological changes in Killian, ML. (2012). Complete genome liver ,lung and brain of infected mice and clinicopathological characterization perhaps due to virulence of Newcastle of a virulent Newcastle disease virus virus and rapid replication effect on three Medical Journal of Babylon-Vol. 12 - No. 1 -2015 دددد دددد دددددد- دددددد دددددد ددد- ددددد ددددد - 5 201 infection of pigs with group rotavirus and isolate from South America. J. 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