Unit 1: Ch 1 Environmental Problems, Their Causes, and Sustainability

Unit 3: Ch 13 Water Resources Name______

Read Ch 13 & answer the following – you may attach additional pages if needed Date______Per______

1. What are Ethiopia and Sudan planning to do with the Nile River and why are they planning to do this? ______2. What will happen to Egypt’s water supply if the Nile is diverted? ______3. What are Egypt’s options if this occurs?  ______  ______  ______ 4. What other Middle Eastern Countries face similar water-war issues and what rivers are involved? ______5. You could survive several weeks without (food / water) but only a few days without (food / water). 6. Despite its importance, water is one of our most ______resources. 7. Of the world’s water supply ______% is salt water, and ______% is freshwater. Only ______% of this freshwater is available for human use. 8. In the ______cycle, water ______from the earth’s surface to the atmosphere > ______and ______as precipitation back to the surface. 9. Differentiate between surface water and groundwater: Surface Water Groundwater  

 

Where found  

 Watershed: Zone of aeration:

Zone of saturation: Reliable runoff:

Define: Water table:

Problem with the other 2/3rds?

Aquifer:

Hydrological Connection Between surface and groundwater 10. Humans currently use ______% of the world’s reliable runoff of surface water. This could increase to ______% - ______% by 2025. 11. Freshwater use:  70% for ______, most of which is NOT returned to its water basin because of ______. Some is also contaminated by ______.  20% for ______.  10% for ______. 12. Contrast freshwater sources and needs in the eastern and western US. Eastern US Western US

Precipitation

Water use

Water problems

List 2 areas you may NOT want to live in the next 20 years according to this section – explain why.

13. List 4 causes of freshwater shortages:  ______ ______ ______ ______

14. Why do some areas with lots of precipitation still suffer water shortages? ______

15. Discuss the advantages, disadvantages and examples of different ways to increase freshwater supplies. Advantages Disadvantages Example (case study)

Using dams and reservoirs (Use each case study to obtain your list of advantages & disadvantages – then briefly describe one case.)

Transferring water from one place to another

Withdrawing groundwater

Removing salt from seawater (delsalination)

16. Reducing water waste has many benefits. According to water resource experts, what is the main cause of water waste and why does this occur? ______17. What “false message” is created when governments subsidize water use? ______18. Higher water prices encourage ______but make it harder to ______. 19. What is seen as a second major cause of water waste? ______20. Describe ways we can reduce water waste in these areas:  Irrigation  Deliver water ______to crops. Describe 3 examples: o ______o ______o ______ Irrigate at ______to reduce ______.  Monitor ______and water only ______.  Grow water - ______crops that are ______-resistant and ______-tolerant.  Irrigate with treated ______.  Import water-______crops and ______from other places.  Industry, homes, businesses  Replace green lawns with ______(x______).  Collect r______and use it for ______.  Use w______m______and charge for all water use. Also raise water p______.  Use water saving t______, s______, and ______.  Use “gray water” from ______for ______.  Fix water l______.  See for yourself: Complete CRITICAL THINKING question #7 on p. 342. Show your calculations in the box.

 Removing industrial and household waste (We use lots of water good enough to ______to wash away waste!)  D______the amount of waste produced.  Ban discharge of ______into sewers.  Use waterless composting ______to convert ______into fertilizer.  Return s______from waste treatment plants to ______as fertilizer (if no toxic chemicals).  Use new, more natural ways to ______. 21. Complete the information about floods FLOODS

Causes

Benefits

Dangers

Human activities that have contributed to flood deaths Ways humans can reduce flood risks

22. From the “What Can You Do?” box on p. 338, determine the 3 strategies that would be easiest for you to implement and the 3 that would be the most difficult. Easiest To Do. Most Difficult To Do.  

 

You should be familiar with the following basic science terms. Be sure to review them before the test: hydrogen bonds evaporation reliable runoff water table heat capacity condensation surface water aquifer cohesion (cohesive forces) precipitation groundwater thermal pollution capillary action surface runoff zone of aeration desalination hydrologic cycle watershed zone of saturation xeriscaping

Sign here to acknowledge all of the responses above are your original work: ______