Chemical Bonding Lab

Name MAKEUP Date Period

Chemical Bonding Lab Bio I (30pts.) AA (HONC) INTRODUCTION Organic compounds are complex compounds that contain the element carbon. More than 90% of all compounds are organic compounds. Naturally occurring organic compounds come from living or once-living organisms. Inorganic compounds do not contain carbon and do not come from living organisms(An exception to this are simple carbon compounds like carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, etc). In this lab you will be given chemical formulas and it will be your task to build models of the compounds from individual atoms. Remember that atoms of elements will form compounds if by doing so, they fill or complete their outer energy level and the shells are “happy”. H,O,N,and C need to form bonds to become stable. The types of bonds that can form in compounds are ionic and covalent bonds. Covalent bonds share the valence electrons equally, while ionic bonds transfer the valence electrons from a metal to a nonmetal. Only covalent bonds are observed in this lab since they are all nonmetals, and share the valence electrons between them.

PURPOSE: To build models of compounds composed of the elements hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and carbon when given their chemical formulas.

MATERIALS: Internet

PROCEDURES: 1. Record the color code and number of bonds corresponding to each element on Data Table #1. 2. Using the building pieces, build the first compound. 3. Draw a diagram of the molecule in Data Table #2 using the internet. 4. Count and record the number of the atoms in each compound in Data Table #2.

THE RULES OF HONC 1. Atoms of the elements hydrogen (H), oxygen (O), nitrogen (N), and carbon (C) are used. These elements make up about 99.4% of your body mass. 2. The colored pieces will represent the four elements and the plastic attachments will represent the bonds between the atoms as follows: H O N C 1 2 3 4 1= Hydrogen, “White”, can make one bond (one plastic tube) 2= Oxygen, “Red”, can make two bonds (two plastic tubes) 3= Nitrogen, “Blue”, can make three bonds (three plastic tubes) 4= Carbon, “Black”, can make four bonds (four plastic tubes)

3. Most plastic tubes should have a connect at the end. NOT ALL ARMS OF THE PIECES NEED TO BE CONNECTED DEPENDING ON THE ELEMENT!!!! 4. Always check the number of bonds on each atom after completing your models. Sometimes double bonds may be necessary. DATA: Fill in data tables. Look up the compounds online. Draw the shapes in the box, and then answer the questions within this lab,

Data Table #1

Element # of bonds Color of Pieces H 1 O 2 N 3 C 4

Data Table #2 (2pts. Each. 14 pts. total)

Name of Compound # of bonds- Structural Diagram of Molecule- Count the Draw what you have made lines used using color too!

1. H2O (water)

2. NH3 (Ammonia)

3. CO2 (carbon dioxide)-You will need a double bond here!

4. CH4 (methane)

5. C2H6 (ethane)

6. C2H2 (ethyne)- You will need a triple bond here!

7. NH2CH3 (methylamine) ANALYSIS QUESTIONS (2 pts. Each question. 16 points total) :

8. What is an organic compound? Which of the compounds that you built are organic compounds?

9. Which of the compounds that you built are inorganic? Explain.

10.Why do hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and carbon have to bond with atoms of other elements?

11.What are the two main types of chemical bonding? How do they differ from each other?

12.What type of bonds are represented in the HONC molecules? Explain.

14. Approximately what percent of all compounds are organic?

Conclusion:

15. (4 points) Describe what you learned in the lab in 2-4 sentences. Include how bonds form, and why or how bonding takes place.