A facsimile edition of the Annals of Roscrea Bart Jaski and Daniel Mc Carthy

Abstract The Irish chronicle known to modern scholarship as the ‘Annals of Roscrea’ is found only in the manuscript Brussels, Bibliothèque Royale 5301-20 pp. 97−161. It was first registered in print in the comprehensive catalogue of the manuscripts in the Burgundian Library at Brussels published in 1842, and an edition was published by Dermot Gleeson and Seán Mac Airt in 1959. Recent research has shown that the principal scribe, the Franciscan friar Fr Brendan O’Conor, transcribed his source, ‘mutila Historia D. Cantwelij’, in two successive phases and then in a third phase it was annotated and indexed by his fellow Franciscan Fr Thomas O’Sheerin. This research has also shown that the edition of Gleeson and Mac Airt is incomplete, having omitted the pre-Patrician section of the chronicle. Hence this, the first full edition of the work, has been prepared in facsimile form so as to make clear the successive phases of compilation of the text, to provide an accurate account of its orthography, to identify the relationship of its entries to those of other chronicles, and to furnish an AD chronology consistent with the other Clonmacnoise group chronicles.

Introduction The sixty-five pages of the composite manuscript, Brussels, Bibliothèque Royale 5301−20 pp. 97−161, contain a chronicle in Latin and Irish written by the Franciscan friar, Fr Brendan O’Conor. It is virtually certain that O’Conor transcribed this chronicle in London in July 1641 from an exemplar then in the possession of Finghín Mac Carthaigh, alias Florence Mac Carthy. Subsequently O’Conor’s transcription was known in Louvain to his Franciscan contemporaries, Fr John Colgan †1658 and Fr Thomas O’Sheerin †1673, and a substantial index to it was compiled by O’Sheerin.1 However, after O’Sheerin’s work we have no further reference to this chronicle until 1842 when it was recorded in the comprehensive catalogue of the manuscripts in the Burgundian Library in Brussels that was published under the direction of J. Marchal, ‘le conservateur des manuscrits de l’État’.2 Two years later, Laurence Waldron, at the instigation of Eugene O’Curry, re-discovered the Franciscan manuscripts in the Burgundian Library in Brussels. Two years later again Samuel Bindon compiled a short catalogue of the manuscripts of Irish interest which was first published in 1847 in the PRIA on the initiative of James H. Todd, and very shortly afterwards Bindon also published the catalogue independently. These two publications of Bindon’s catalogue of Burgundian manuscripts are virtually verbatim and in the latter he gratefully acknowledged the RIA’s permission ‘to get a few additional copies struck off’.3 However, even after publication of its

1 Mc Carthy, Irish annals, 26−8 (O’Conor’s transcription, exemplar, date and O’Sheerin’s index). 2 Catalogue des manuscrits i, 107 and ii, 392 (‘Annales Roscreenses’), ccxlviii (J. Marchal). 3 O’Curry, Manuscript materials, 174−5 (re-discovery of Franciscan manuscripts); Bindon, ‘MSS relating to Ireland’, 477–502 (Bindon’s catalogue), 490−2 (Brussels 5301−20); Bindon, Notices of manuscripts, 3 (citation), 5–30 (Bindon’s catalogue). However, Bindon’s two Burgundian catalogues are not absolutely

B. Jaski & D.P. Mc Carthy 1 6-Apr-18 existence this chronicle went virtually unremarked for over a century until 1959 when Dermot Gleeson and Seán Mac Airt published an edition of the post-Patrician section in the PRIA.1 Since then the ‘Annals of Roscrea’ (AR) have been regularly mentioned in most serious discussions of Irish Annals; for example, Mac Niocall in 1975, Grabowski and Dumville in 1984, Mc Carthy in 1998 and 2008, Charles-Edwards in 2006, and Evans in 2010.2 Most of these authors have recognised the close relationship between the content and organisation of AR and that of the Annals of Tigernach (AT) and Chronicum Scotorum (CS), and hence most have classifed AR as a member of the Clonmacnoise group of annals. 3 However, in some of these publications uncertainty has been expressed regarding both the extent of the chronicle ‘Annales Roscreensis’, and the exemplar from which it was drawn, and it is to this matter that we now turn.4

Scope and origin of the title ‘Annales Roscreenses’ and its exemplar In a subsequent addition made on the upper margin of p. 1 of his transcription O’Conor briefly described his transcription and exemplar as ‘Adversaria rerum Hibernij quae excerpta ex mutila Historia D. Cantwelij’, that is, ‘Memoranda of Irish affairs excerpted from the mutilated History of D. Cantwel’. O’Conor also inscribed the title ‘Annales Roscreensis’ on his transcription, and, either this title, or its English translation, have been regularly used to designate this chronicle ever since. However, there has not been agreement amongst modern scholars either as to whether this title refers to the entire sixty-five page transcription, or whether the ‘Historia D. Cantwelij’ served as exemplar for the entire sixty-five pages. The reasons for this confusion and its resolution become quite clear when the manuscript itself is examined for it then emerges that O’Conor, who himself paginated the entire sixty-five pages as pp. 1−65, first inscribed ‘Annales Roscreensis’ on the upper left-hand margin of p. 1, but verbatim and the latter publication also suffixes a brief account of some Irish manuscripts in the Archives du Royaume on pp. 30–2. 1 Neither O’Curry, Manuscript materials (1860) nor O’Rahilly, Early Irish history (1946) made any reference to AR; Gleeson and Mac Airt, ‘Annals of Roscrea’, 137–80 (introduction and edition). 2 AR mentioned: Mac Niocall, Medieval Irish annals, 20, 23, 40, 46; Grabowski and Dumville, Chronicles and annals, 6, 8 sqq; Mc Carthy, ‘Chronology of the Irish annals’, 238−9, 248−58; Mc Carthy, Irish annals, 26−34; Charles-Edwards, The Chronicle of Ireland vol. 1, 65 sqq; Evans, Present and Past, xiii, 7. However, AR was not mentioned by Hughes, Early Christian Ireland, 99–159 (chapter on Annals), 115 (‘other recensions’). 3 Evans, Present and past, 11–12, did not include AR in his definition of the ‘Clonmacnoise group’. 4 Uncertainty expressed: Gleeson and Mc Airt, ‘Annals of Roscrea’, 138 ‘it is not clear that the Annals of Roscrea were taken from the “mutila historia” of Cantwell; but it is at least probable that the two texts in this section are connected’; Grabowski and Dumville, Chronicles and annals, 6 ‘Although it [sc. The pre-Patrician section] forms a separate section there, there is every indication that O’Connor conceived of it as a unity with the annals themselves’.

B. Jaski & D.P. Mc Carthy 2 6-Apr-18 then subsequently cancelled this and wrote it in very large letters on the upper margin of p. 25, immediately before the account of S. Patrick’s mission to Ireland. Thus the most prominent appearance of this title in the manuscript is that at the head of the post-Patrician section. Indeed O’Conor’s cancelled inscription on p. 1 has never been acknowledged in modern times. Consequently most modern scholars have taken the title ‘Annales Roscreensis’ to refer only to the post-Patrician section, and they have expressed ambivalence regarding their relationship with the ‘Historia D. Cantwelij’. However, O’Conor’s action in placing the description ‘Adversaria … ex mutila Historia D. Cantwelij’ at the very head of his transcription and then numbering his pages serially pp. 1–65 shows both that he considered it a textual unity and that he had drawn all of these ‘Adversaria’ from the ‘Historia D. Cantwelij’. Furthermore collation of AR’s pre- and post-Patrician sections with AT/CS repeatedly discloses cognate entries throughout, and this independently confirms the unity of AR’s entire chronicle. Moreover this view was certainly shared by O’Conor’s contemporary, O’Sheerin, who was responsible for the first stage in the compilation of the composite volume, now Brussels, Bibl. Royale 5301−20. In this compilation O’Sheerin originally assembled thirty-seven items into a single volume and prefixed to this a page listing the ‘Series hîc contentorum’ in which these items were registered under twenty-three headings enumerated ‘1’–’23’. The hand of this ‘Series hîc contentorum’ and the indices to FA and AR is established as that of O’Sheerin by collation with his four signed letters to Francis Harold, MS Killiney D.5 pp. 9, 15–16, 177–8, 237.1 In his compilation of this composite manuscript O’Sheerin originally placed AR first and explicitly stated its title and page count in his prefixed list of contents as ‘1. Annales Roscreenses per pag. 65’.2 Subsequently, O’Sheerin, when he compiled his index to these annals, made absolutely explicit his view that ‘Annales Rosreenses’ referred to the whole chronicle and that its ‘extracta’ had all been drawn by O’Conor from ‘Historia D. Cantwelij’. For O’Sheerin commenced by cancelling O’Conor’s own heading ‘Index Annalium Roscreensium’ on p. 163, and then wrote his own heading immediately below as follows:3 Extracta per Patrem Fratrem Brendanum Conorum ex Annalibus Roscreensibus seu Codice R.D. Cantwel, hîc digesta ordine Alphabetico, praetermissis tamen iis quae praecesserunt Missionem S. Patricii, annotatis ad marginem annis quibus quaeque acciderunt, juxta Annales Dungallenses.

1 Mc Carthy, Irish annals, 27 (identification of O’Sheerin). 2 MS Brussels 5301–20 ‘Series hîc contentorum’ – this un-numbered folio is glued to the front end-paper (citations); O’Sheerin subsequently inserted ‘Fragmta tria ex cod. Nehemiae mac Aegain’ above ‘Annales Roscreenses’, and indeed the FA now occupy pp. 1–70 of Brussels 5301–20. 3 Gleeson and Mac Airt, ‘Annals of Roscrea’, 143 n. 20 (citation, with minor orthographical emendation from the manuscript), cf. Catalogue des manuscrits ii, 392.

B. Jaski & D.P. Mc Carthy 3 6-Apr-18 Here by placing ‘seu’ between his references to ‘Annales Roscreenses’ and ‘Codex R.D. Cantwel’ O’Sheerin showed he considered them synonyms; by stating that these ‘extracta’ had been ‘hic digesta ordine Alphabetico’ he affirmed his authorship of the index; by remarking that the extracts preceding the mission of S. Patrick had been omitted from his index he made it absolutely clear that he considered that O’Conor had taken all of these ‘extracta’ from the codex of ‘R.D. Cantwel’. O’Sheerin made another reference to ‘Annales Roscreenses’ when compiling his catalogue of the manuscripts and books in John Colgan’s study in Louvain following the latter’s death in 1658, now designated as MS UCD Killiney A34 item 1.1 It is evident that O’Sheerin compiled this catalogue shortly after Colgan’s death because the catalogue gives precise locations on tables and in presses and chests for virtually all of the listed items. That it was in Colgan’s study is indicated by Bonaventure O’Docherty’s heading to his catalogue of c.1673, ‘Catalogus Manuscriptorum tam Latinè quam Hibernicè, olim in Camera R.P. Colgani repertorum, quibus postea R.P. Sirinus usus fuit’.2 Under the heading of ‘Post praedicta [sc. manuscripta Latina] manent sequentia in mensa in fasciculus distinctis’ O’Sheerin included the item ‘De Hiberniae etcra quaedam ex Annalibus Roscreensibus, et alia Regulae diversorum Ssorum Hiberniae’.3 While this entry makes no reference to either the scope or exemplar of the chronicle it does demonstrate that the expression ‘Annales Roscreenses’ was in use as a title in Louvain in Colgan’s time, and hence that Colgan knew the chronicle. Indeed, since we have seen above that O’Sheerin used this title as a synonym for ‘Codex R.D. Cantwel’ it seems most likely that his ‘quaedam ex Annalibus Roscreensibus’ actually refers to O’Conor’s transcription itself; certainly there is no other entry in the catalogue that could be considered to reference AR. Taken together O’Sheerin’s references to ‘Annales Roscreenses’ clearly demonstrate that he considered the title to designate O’Conor’s transcriptions from both the pre- and post-Patrician sections of the codex of R.D. Cantwel. We know of no other subsequent reference to ‘Annales Roscreenses’ from the context of Louvain; it does not appear, for example, in Bonaventure O’Docherty’s catalogue compiled evidently following O’Sheerin’s death in 1673.4 However, under the heading ‘Catalogus Librorum in Camera R.P. Sirini repertorum praeter illos de quibus in praecedenti catologo’ O’Docherty entered the item, ‘Analecta de Rebus Hiberniae’, and this

1 Dillon, Mooney and de Brún, Catalogue of Irish MSS, 74 (MS A34); Fennessy, ‘Printed books’, 83 (A brief account of MS A34 item 1 as ‘List I’). Mc Carthy, Irish annals, 339 (O’Sheerin’s list). 2 Mac Donnell, ‘MSS of John Colgan’, 96 (citation with minor emendations from MS UCD Killiney A34 Item 2, p.1). 3 MS UCD Killiney A34 Item 1, 12 (heading), 13 (item). 4 Mac Donnell, ‘MSS of John Colgan’, 96–103 (partial reproduction of O’Docherty’s list).

B. Jaski & D.P. Mc Carthy 4 6-Apr-18 description would indeed accord with O’Sheerin’s composite volume including the ‘Annales Roscreenses’, now Brussels, Bibl. Royals 5301−20.1 Indeed, we know of no other references to ‘Annales Roscreenses’ until 1842 when a comprehensive catalogue of the manuscripts in the Burgundian library at Brussels was compiled under the direction of J. Marchal. In the first volume the contents of O’Sheerin’s composite volume were numbered as the twenty items 5301–20, and in most instances for each item was cited the names of the authors, incipit, language and its date. Our chronicle and O’Sheerin’s index were catalogued as items 5303–4 as follows:2

Date ou No Noms des Auteurs Incipit Langue Siècle 5303 Cantwel – Adversaria rerum Hibernia – Latine XVII 1/3 5304 Brendani Conori – Extracta ex annalibus Roscreensibus Adamnani abbatis Latine- XVII 1/3 irl.

Here clearly the Burgundian cataloguer considered the chronicle a single textual entity drawn in the seventeenth century from the work of Cantwel, while he mistakenly characterised the subsequent index as simply ‘Extracta’ by Brendan O’Conor. Five years later in 1847 Samuel Bindon published his short catalogue of the books of Irish interest in the Burgundian Library in which, although he acknowledged the existence of the Burgundian catalogue, he gave no bibliographic details other than the following vague footnote: ‘The “Inventaire” is the first volume of the printed catalogue. In it the MSS. are enumerated without reference to subject; the second volume, or “Repertoire,” is a “Catalogue Methodique.”’3 Examination of Bindon’s catalogue shows that, while he regularly supplied additional details regarding the Irish manuscripts, these details are fairly frequently either inaccurate or inconsistent with the Burgundian catalogue. For examples: having stated that the volume contained ‘Nos 5301 to 5320, inclusive’, Bindon only gave identifiable accounts of 5301–14 and 5317–18, thereby omitting to register 5315–16 and 5319–20; he wrote that ‘5314 is an extract from Marianus Scotus’ whereas the Burgundian catalogue lists 5314 as ‘Martini Crusi – Extr. De annal. Suevicis’; Bindon was inaccurate in his identification of the number of manuscript folios and/or his citations of titles or incipits, and in particular his account of this chronicle and its index reads as follows:4

1 Fennessy, ‘Printed books’, 99, 103 (citations). 2 Catalogue des manuscrits i, 107 (nos 5303–4). 3 Bindon, ‘MSS relating to Ireland’, 477 n* (citation), 477–8, 482–3 (references to the “Inventaire”); the ‘Repertoire’ actually comprises tomes ii–iii. 4 Bindon, ‘MSS relating to Ireland’, 491 (citation).

B. Jaski & D.P. Mc Carthy 5 6-Apr-18 No. 5303 consists of sixty-five pages; the first twenty-six are entitled “Adversaria Rerum Hiberniae excerpta ex mutila Historia D. Cantwelly,” and commences thus: “Hoc anno ante diluvium.” At page 25 commences “Annales Roscreenses.” The initial line is “Patricius Archiepus in Hiberniam venit atque Scotos baptizare inchoat, nono anno Theodos. minoris,” &c. These Annals, as well as the “Adversaria,” are in Latin and Irish, and very badly written. No. 5304 is a very long alphabetical Index of the Annals of Roscrea, made by “Frater Brendanus Conorus,” accompanied by marginal references to the Annals of Donegal.

Here Bindon’s citation ‘Adversaria … D. Cantwelly’ is both incomplete and orthographically inaccurate, and it was said to entitle only pp. 1–26. On the other hand the title ‘Annales Roscreenses’ was applied only to pp. 25–65, and the first line of p. 25, ‘Patricius Archiepus …’ described as the ‘initial line’. Thus Bindon divided the chronicle into two sections and incongruently placed pp. 25–6 in both sections. At the same time, while correctly identifying item 5304 as an index, he mistakenly attributed this to O’Conor. In this way Bindon’s catalogue effectively restricted O’Conor’s identification of ‘Historia D. Cantwelij’ as his exemplar to just the pre-Patrician section, and restricted the title ‘Annales Roscreenses’ to the post-Patrician section, and misrepresented the authorship of the index. Most of these mistakes were repeated by Van den Gheyn in 1907 when he published a much more detailed catalogue of the contents of Bibl. Royale 5301−20.1 Citing the PRIA publication of Bindon’s catalogue for ‘une analyse de ce volume par Bindon’, Van den Gheyn represented O’Conor’s transcription and O’Sheerin’s index as three distinct items as follows:2 6. (F. 51−76) Adversaria rerum Hibernie excerpta ex mutila historia D. Cantwelli. En irlandais et en latin. 7. (F. 76−83) [Annales Roscreenses]. Latin et irlandais. 8. (F. 84−119v) Extracta per Patrem fratrem Brendanum Conorum ex annalibus Roscreensibus seu codice R.D. Cantwel, hic digesta ordine alphabetico.

Thus Van den Gheyn, like Bindon, represented the ‘Adversaria …’ and ‘Annales Roscreenses’ as separate textual entities that incongruently shared ‘F. 76’, and then in contradiction of this representation he cited O’Sheerin’s heading to his index that asserted them to be identical. In this way the second and third published accounts of O’Conor’s transcription of ‘Historia D. Cantwelij’ erroneously restricted this source effectively to the pre-Patrician section of the text. This confusion introduced by Bindon regarding the extent of the ‘Annales Roscreenses’ and the exemplar used by O’Conor had a serious consequence in 1959 when Gleeson and Mac Airt compiled their published edition of the text. In their description of the manuscript they followed Bindon and Van den Gheyn in designating the pre-Patrician section as the

1 Van den Gheyn, Catalogue des manuscrits vii, 48−50 (lists 39 items in Brussels 5301−20). 2 Van den Gheyn, Catalogue des manuscrits vii, 50 n.8, 48 (citations); his division of the text at ‘F. 76’ is clearly incorrect since it implies that the ‘Adversaria’ occupy 26 folios and the ‘Annales Roscreenses’ only 8 folios.

B. Jaski & D.P. Mc Carthy 6 6-Apr-18 ‘Adversaria ... historia D. Cantwelli’ and asserted that ‘At p. 25 there commences the text of “Annales Roscreenses”’.1 Since subsequent scholarship has referred to this published edition the consequence has been that the pre-Patrician section of the text has been effectively abandoned. For example, Grabowski and Dumville stated that, ‘The text of the annals [of Roscrea] is divided into four fragmentary series: (i) A.D. 432−40, (ii) A.D. 550–602, (iii) A.D. 440–77, (iv) A.D. 620−995’.2 Regarding the origin of the title ‘Annales Roscreenses’, it is the case that the earliest recorded instance of ‘Annales’ followed by a personal or place name used to entitle an Irish chronicle is that of James Ussher in 1609 referring to the manuscript, now TCD 1282, as ‘Annales Ultonienses’. Ussher’s student James Ware followed suite over 1625–48 entitling other Irish chronicle texts as ‘Annales Tigernachus’, ‘Annales Inisfallenses’, ‘Annales de Loghkea’, ‘Annales Buellienses’ and ‘Annales Connachtus’.3 The medieval Irish convention was to suffix a personal name to the words ‘leabhar’ and/or ‘airis’.4 Now, as Gleeson and Mac Airt observed of AR, it is not the case that ‘the collection had any particular association with Roscrea’, so that it appears most likely that the title ‘Annales Roscreenses’ was in fact O’Conor’s own invention inspired by the Latin entitling conventions employed contemporaneously by Ussher and Ware, together with a knowledge of the Cantwel family’s association with Roscrea.5 However, Ussher and Ware employed the word ‘annales’ to entitle chronicles that were substantially annual in character, as the word itself intimates. This suggests that O’Conor’s ambivalence in first inscribing his title on p. 1, and then cancelling that and inscribing it on p. 25, arose because the pre-Patrician section of his transcription is extremely intermittent as his own marginalia testify. Thus it appears that in relocating ‘Annales Roscreenses’ to p. 25 O’Conor was bringing his own nomenclature into accordance with the practice of Ussher and Ware. A title for this chronicle based upon its exemplar ‘Historia D. Cantwelij’ would in many ways be more appropriate and helpful, but since either ‘Annales Roscreensis’ or ‘Annals of Roscrea’ have been in use since c.1641, and are attached

1 Gleeson and Mac Airt, ‘Annals of Roscrea’, 138 (citation) . 2 Grabowski and Dumville, Chronicles and annals, 6 (citation). 3 Ussher, ‘Corbes’, 423, 432–3 (Annales Ultonienses); O’Sullivan, ‘Finding List’, Ware’s ‘Annales’: 72, 87 (Tigernachus); 71, 90 (Inisfallenses); 90 (Loghkea); 94 (Buellienses); 97 (Conantienses). The word ‘annalad’ was used occasionally in Irish in its generalised sense of ‘chronicle’, e.g. Gilla Cóemáin’s poem Annalad anall uile q.v. Smith, Gilla Cóemáin, 180–203 (Annalad edition), cf. Best et al., Book of Leinster iii, 496–503. For Ussher’s references to ‘Annales’, see Ussher, Whole works xvii; this index to Ussher’s work shows that in his Veterum epistolarum Hibernicarum sylloge published in 1632 he referred to ‘Annales Dubliniensis’, cf. iv 488, 517, and in his Antiquitates, published in 1639, he referred repeatedly to ‘Annales Ultonienses’, ‘Annales Tigernaci’, ‘Annales Inisfallenses’, cf. Whole works v–vi passim. 4 O’Donovan, FM i, lxvi–vii (examples of Irish chronicle nomenclature). 5 Gleeson and Mac Airt, ‘Annals of Roscrea’, 141 (citation), 138 (Cantwel family and Roscrea).

B. Jaski & D.P. Mc Carthy 7 6-Apr-18 to the first published edition of the chronicle, it seems more practicable to retain these titles. However, it must be clearly understood that these titles apply to the entire sixty-five pages. In this edition we shall use the siglum ‘AR’ prefixed to O’Conor’s page numbers 1–65 concatenated with the line numbers of his text to reference the entries, as will be explained in further detail below. In their edition Gleeson and Mac Airt also included O’Conor’s page numbers, and so these page and line number references may be used to readily locate entries in their edition. However, whenever it is necessary to refer precisely to entries in the edition of Gleeson and Mac Airt we shall use ‘AR’ followed by ‘§’ and their paragraph number. Thus, for example, AR 25.16 and AR §8 both refer to the entry ‘Natiuitas sanctae Brigidae’ commencing on the sixteenth line of p. 25.

Description of the manuscript1 Brussels, Bibliothèque Royale 5301–20 pp. 97–162 is a seventeenth-century Franciscan manuscript, and the only witness to AR. The published descriptions by the Burgundian Library, Bindon, Van den Gheyn, and Gleeson and Mac Airt are all brief and contain a considerable number of inaccuracies, and since we shall see that AR is an important witness to the Clonmacnoise group it is necessary to give here a detailed account of the manuscript and its text.2 The manuscript was written by Fr Brendan O’Conor, a Franciscan friar who was sent from Louvain to Ireland in 1641 to collect historical material. It comprises thirty-three leaves measuring c.20.5×13.5 cm, and bears two paginations; the first, by O’Conor running pp. 1–65, was used by Gleeson and Mac Airt in their partial edition, and will be used in this edition.3 The second, a modern pagination running pp. 97–162, is needed for references to the other texts in Bibl. Royale 5301–20. This volume consists of a compilation of over thirty Franciscan manuscripts, of which the first on pp. 1–70 is the only surviving copy of Dubhaltach Mac Fhirbhisigh’s Fragmentary Annals (FA), transcribed by O’Sheerin, Colgan’s successor in scholarship in Louvain, followed on pp. 71–88 by O’Sheerin’s alphabetic index to these annals.4 Next, a letter by O’Conor on pp. 89–96 is followed by the text of AR on pp. 97–162, and its range is c.Flood–AD c.995, with lacunae at c.948 BC–AD 157, AD 252–335, 480–549 and 602–619. The annals for AD 336–358 and 441–479 are also displaced, probably

1 Cf. Mc Carthy, Irish Annals, 26–34. 2 MS descriptions: Catalogue des manuscrits i, 107 and ii, 391; Bindon, ‘MSS relating to Ireland’, 491; Van den Gheyn, Catalogue des manuscrits vii, 48–9; Gleeson and Mac Airt, ‘Annals of Roscrea’, 137–8, 141–2. 3 Mc Carthy, Irish annals, 27 gave the dimensions as ‘c.21.5×16 cm’ which were estimated from the microfilm, the above dimensions have been taken from the manuscript itself. 4 Radner, Fragmentary annals, (edition).

B. Jaski & D.P. Mc Carthy 8 6-Apr-18 as a result of the mutilated state of its exemplar. The text of AR, like that of FA, is followed on pp. 163–234 by an index compiled by O’Sheerin, in which the personal and place names cited in AR following S. Patrick’s uenit are arranged alphabetically and indexed by O’Conor’s page number, and the chronology of events involving them is regularly tabulated ‘juxta Annales Dungallenses’. Thus the whole context of AR’s manuscript suggests an environment of intensive Annalistic study in Louvain, stimulated, no doubt, by the presence there of Michéal Ó Cléirigh’s compilation of the ‘Annales Dungallenses’, alias Annals of the Four Masters. In his heading to the index for AR O’Sheerin identified ‘Patrem Fratrem Brendanum Conorum’ as the scribe of extracts, ‘ex Annalibus Roscreensis seu Codice R.D. Cantwel’, and this identification is confirmed by comparing the Latin handwriting of AR with O’Conor’s letter which immediately precedes it . There is no date on the text of AR, but as it happens we do know something of the activities of Brendan O’Conor over 1641–2. On 10 July 1641 O’Conor, enroute for Ireland, wrote a letter in haste from London to James Ussher, then also in England, urging him to return to Ireland to rejoin Ware and other friends there so that they could study manuscripts together. In this letter O’Conor asked to be excused for the shaking of his hand, indicating that he was about to mount his steed, and he also mentioned that he had just partly copied a ‘Librum Annalium’ which he had obtained from Finghín Mac Carthaigh, alias Florence Mac Carthy.1 We shall see that AR was indeed copied in great haste, and that it is also an incomplete transcription of its exemplar, and so circumstantially it seems virtually certain that O’Conor copied AR in July 1641 from an exemplar provided by Finghín Mac Cárthaigh. Three months later, on 22 October 1641, a major uprising commenced in Ireland, and in a subsequent letter written by O’Conor on 20 September 1642 to Hugh Bourke, superior of the Franciscans in Belgium, O’Conor asserted that he was under some obligation to participate in this uprising. His early participation in a leadership role is confirmed by Rory O’More, a general in the uprising, in a letter written also to Bourke on the same day, wherein he stated:2 We the first undertakers have Father Brandon O’Cnoughour with us from the first day and afore … He [was] so much imployed in our very temporall affayres to unite all and see us orderly proceed at home and abroad, whereof we have great need …

1 Gwynn, ‘Archbishop Ussher’, 281–2 (letter now TCD 567 f.62), 282, ‘Tertium, quod vrgeo, est, domum ad nostrum Waraeum et caeteros Philopolitas scribas, me in notis Tibi studiis promoveant codd’ MSS. mecum communicent, … 2m Librum Annalium a D’no Carthaeo obtineas, quem exscribere mihi non fuit integrum … Excusa P’r festinationem equu’ ascendatis atq’ Motam manu’. London. 10. Julii stylo nouo. 1641.’ Idem, 280 identifies ‘D’no Carthaeo’ as ‘Finghin Mac Carthaigh Mór’. 2 Historical Manuscripts, Franciscan manuscripts, 192–4 for both letters. Explaining his lack of progress in ‘procuring monuments’, O’Conor wrote of ‘my charge to assist some of the generals which I cannot choose’, and, ‘If you blamed me ever for these wars, truly you wronged me; for it was God that stirred all; but afterwards, to tell you truly, mine endeavours were not found wanting.’

B. Jaski & D.P. Mc Carthy 9 6-Apr-18 Anticipation of this uprising may explain both O’Conor’s urgency to proceed to Ireland in July 1641, and also the word with which he commenced his text of AR. O’Connor began by writing with a flourish in large letters the single word ‘Jubuleu’ at the centre top of the first page, which word has been subsequently emended to ‘Jubileus’, i.e. the Jewish cry of freedom. Above this title O’Conor subsequently added the description, ‘Adversaria rerum Hibernij [sic] quae excerpta ex mutila Historia D. Cantwelij’, and his description of his exemplar as ‘mutila’ would explain why some of the annals he transcribed are out of sequence, as noted above. Furthermore, his description here of his transcription as ‘Adversaria rerum Hibernij’, i.e. provisional memoranda or jottings of Irish affairs, accurately describes what follows for the subsequent sixty-five pages. O’Conor’s transcription of ‘mutila Historia D. Cantwelij’ was done in two phases, and in the first of these, leaving ample margins and a generous spacing between lines, he transcribed principally Irish items in either a rapid, cursive, flourishing Latin hand, or in an inclined, semi-cursive Irish hand, neither of which is attractive but both are readily legible.1 He continued thus, leaving occasional blank spaces, up to p. 23 which finished with a synchronism on the death of Conchobar mac Nessa, and then he left p. 24 blank except for the catch-word ‘Patricius’ for the following page.2 On the following page O’Conor transcribed the entry for S. Patrick’s uenit, and continued then with post-Patrician entries maintaining the same generous margins and line spacing through to p. 65, on the top of which he wrote a single entry, a Clonmacnoise obit for c.995. Since this single entry would have readily fitted at the bottom of p. 64, the inference is that while his exemplar continued, O’Conor discontinued his transcription at this point, and thus AR represents a truncated edition of ‘Historia D. Cantwelij’. This marks the end of the first phase of O'Conor's transcription. O’Conor then returned to p. 1 and commenced phase two, where, now writing with a finer nib and with greater haste, he commenced transcribing principally chronological criteria into the broad left-hand margin, and further annotations in the top and bottom margins. Initially these comprised Biblical epochs and kalend counts, but from p. 3 large ‘K’s intermittently appear showing that kalends existed in his exemplar, and his marginal comment at AR 15.1 ‘A morte Josue ad hunc annum 21 K numerantur’ shows that he had deliberately omitted most of these. By p. 17 these marginal comments included informal designations such as ‘duobus annis’ as well as the AD data ‘157’ and ‘158’. After this these

1 Mc Carthy, Irish annals, plate 6 (a reproduction of AR p. 27 showing O’Conor’s Latin and Irish hands). 2 The synchronism, ‘A morte quoque Concubhar mac Nessa 412 anni sunt’, is nearly verbatim with CS 432.2.

B. Jaski & D.P. Mc Carthy 10 6-Apr-18 marginal criteria became more frequent, including on pp. 25–30 the monotone sequence of numbers: 26, 27, 29, 36, 38, 40, 43, 45, 51, 58, 59, [62], 66, 71, 78, 79, 81, 84, 88, 95, 102. Following this, on pp. 31–7, O’Conor inscribed chronological data informally, commencing with, ‘sub seqti cum fig 5’.1 Collation of the ensuing series of these numbers with AT/CS shows them to be ferial data, extending for 571–601 and 625–42 where they terminate just two years before the corresponding series in CS.2 An important observation here is that while these AR ferials correlate most closely with those of CS, they are in places noticeably better than either CS or AT. For example, CS lacks both kalend and ferial at 571 and ferial at 574, while AT’s ferial ‘u’ at 574 is corrupt. But O’Conor’s exemplar had the appropriate ferials, ‘5’ and ‘2’ respectively at these years, showing that it had here preserved a better kalend+ferial apparatus than either CS or AT. Furthermore, if the differences between the successive figures of the monotone sequence cited above are computed it will be found that they all lie in the range 1–7. This, together with the fact that O’Conor transcribed ferial data over 571–601 and 625–642, suggests that the monotone sequence itelf derived from ferial data. At the very first of these data O’Conor wrote, AR 25.10–13 ‘Ab adventu Patrici ad hunc annum 6 K. ponuntur qui videntur per adiunctas figures computa[n]di 26 anni’, and it is explicit from this statement that O’Conor mistook the ferial data associated with the preceding ‘6 K.’ to represent kalend multipliers, and he thought that he was computing the total number of years, cf. ‘26 anni’.3 In confirmation of this inference we consider O’Conor’s next four marginal annotations which read: AR 25.16 ‘Precedentum K. quod facit 27’; AR 26.1–2 ‘Sequenti K. Cassianus obit quod facit 29’; AR 26.10 ‘Sub seqti K. quod facit 36’; AR 26.16 ‘Sub seqti K. quod facit 38’. It is clear from these annotations that O’Conor took these years to be sequential, whereas in fact they refer to the years 439–440 (AR 25.16–26.9) and 550–551 (AR 26.10–18). For the years 439–440, 550–1 AT/CS witness the ferial series 1, 2, 7, 2 and these when accumulated to O’Conor’s ‘26’do indeed yield his monotone sequence, viz. 26+1=27, 27+2=29, 29+7=36, 36+2=38.4 From these mistakes, and the clumsy way in which he transcribed the whole chronological apparatus, it is apparent that O’Conor had no real understanding of the kalend+ferial chronological apparatus of his exemplar, and

1 Gleeson and Mac Airt, ‘Annals of Roscrea’, 145–7; (marginal criteria where ‘[62]’ represents a restored reading due to the digits being obscured by the binding), 148 (cit.). 2 Mc Carthy, ‘Chronological synchronisation’, s.a. 571–601 and 625–642. 3 Our only other witness to ferial data over 433–8 is CS whose data when summed yield 7+1+[omitted] +3+5+6=22. The implication therefore of O’Conor’s summation result of 26 is that the ferial omitted at CS 435 was 26–22=4; in this case the ferial datum was both corrupt and sequentially impossible, and this may well explain its omission in CS. For CS ferial data see Mc Carthy, ‘Chronological synchronization’, s.a. 433–38. 4 Gleeson and Mac Airt, ‘Annals of Roscrea’, 141–2 (Mac Airt was perplexed by O’Conor’s monotone sequence and mistakenly concluded, ‘the series can hardly have a chronographic importance’).

B. Jaski & D.P. Mc Carthy 11 6-Apr-18 consequently it seems likely that the intermittent AD data that he inscribed marginally were simply transcribed from his exemplar.1 Nevertheless, it is possible to reconstruct from O’Conor’s monotone sequence most of the kalends and ferial data of his exemplar, ‘Historia Cantwelij’, over the years 550–67, and it is of interest to collate these with the parallel series in AT and CS. This reconstruction is shown in Table 1 below.

1 O’Conor’s marginal AD data: AR 17.2, 17.4, 20.1, 29.4, 29.19, 30.0, 32.19, 33.7, 33.9, 36.18, 37.15. 40.10, 40.11.

B. Jaski & D.P. Mc Carthy 12 6-Apr-18 Table 1. Reconstruction of the kalend and ferial series of AR’s exemplar for 550–67

AR AR AT CS AD p.l AR monotone sequence Dif. K.f. K.f. K.f. – 26.1 Sequenti K … quod facit – – – – 29 550 26.10 Sub seqti K. quod facit 7 K.uii. K.uii. Kl.ui. 36. 551 26.16 Sub seqti K. quod facit 38. 2 K.ii. K.ii. Kl.i. 552 26.21 Sub seqti K. quod facit 40 2 K.ii. K.u. Kl.ii. 553 27.3 Sub seqti K. quod facit 43 3 K.iii. K.iii. Kl.iii. 554 27.5 Seqti sub K. 45 2 K.ii. K.u. Kl.u. 555 27.7 51 Sub seqti K. 6 K.ui. [K.] Kl.ui. 556 27.8 58 Seqti sub K 7 K.uii. K.uii. Kl. 557 27.13 59 sub seqti K. 1 K.i. K.i. Kl.i. 558 27.15 [62] sub seqti K. 3 K.iii. K.iii. Kl. 559 27.17 66 sub seqti K. 4 K.iiii. K.i. Kl. 560 28.5 71 sub seqti K. 5 K.u. K.u. Kl. 561 29.1 78 sub seqti K 7 K.uii. K.ui. Kl.ui. 562 29.4 79 sub seqti 1 K.i. K.i. K.i. 29.18 81 Anno seqti 2 K.ii. K.i. Kl. 563 30.1 84 Hoc anno … 3 K.iii. K.iii. Kl. 564 30.6 Eodem anno – [K.] K.uii. [Kl.] 565 30.9 88 Sub seqti K. 4 K.iiii. K.uii. Kl.iiii. 566 30.9 95 × Sub seqt K. 7 K.uii. K.ui. Kl.iii. 567 30.13 102 Sub seqt K. 7 K.uii. K.uii. Kl.

In this table the column ‘Dif’ registers the difference between the successive data of the monotone sequence which then furnishes the reconstructed ferial datum for AR’s exemplar shown in the next column, and beside this are tabulated the parallel kalends and ferial data for AT and CS.1 From this table it can be seen that the kalend and ferial data of ‘Historia Cantwelij’ shared many numerical and structural features with AT/CS. For example, at AR 29.18 it had the interpolated kalend found in AT/CS at 562, at AR 30.6 it was missing the the same kalend missing from CS at 564, as well as exhibiting numerous ferial data correspondences with AT/CS. It seems quite likely that O’Conor abandoned his contruction of this monotone sequence at ‘102’ upon realising that the entries that he was transcribing had occurred much later than a century after Patrick’s uenit. For example, the obit of Oena mc. hui Laigsi, the second abbot of Clonmacnoise, found at the very point where he abandoned the monotone sequence at AR 30.18, could not have taken place only about a century after Patrick’s uenit and so before Clonmacnoise had been founded. Instead, from AR 31.1 O’Conor continued simply recording the ferial datum.

1 Mc Carthy, ‘Chronological synchronisation’, s.a. 550–67 (AT/CS kalend and ferial data).

B. Jaski & D.P. Mc Carthy 13 6-Apr-18 In phase two over pp. 1–25 O’Conor also intermittently added non-Irish entries, usually marginally but occasionally interlinearly. However, on p. 27 he began to regularly insert these additional entries interlinearly and since the overall sequence of his entries, including these interlinear entries, matches very closely the sequence of entries in AT/CS, it is virtually certain that all these additions represent entries that he had omitted in the first phase of his transcription. On p. 37 he began mixing chronological criteria and increasing numbers of additional entries interlinearly, with the consequence that his text became chaotic, and he subsequently began to omit the chronological criteria. By p. 43, where nearly every interlinear space has received an additional entry, he had largely forsaken chronological criteria, and used instead large ‘L’-shaped brackets to try to gather his accumulated entries under one year. He continued thus to p. 53, at which point he was evidently obliged to abandon phase two, for neither chronological criteria nor interlinear entries are found in pp. 54–65. After O’Conor had finished transcription it is evident that he himself started to construct an index to it, because, leaving p. 66 blank, he took a fresh page and wrote the title, ‘Index Annalium Roscreensium’, across the top. It appears likely that it was at this time that he cancelled ‘Annales Roscreensis’ at AR 1.1 and inscribed it instead at AR 25.0, and he also cancelled his earlier foliation ff. 1–29 and replaced this with his pagination 1–65, writing all these in the same brown ink.1 This was as far as O’Conor’s indexing progressed, and it was left to O’Sheerin to complete the job and he began by striking through O’Conor’s index title, and writing underneath it: Extracta per Patrem Fratrem Brendanum Conorum ex Annalibus Roscreensibus seu Codice R.D. Cantwel, hîc digesta ordine Alphabetico, praetermissis tamen iis quae praecesserunt missionem S. Patricii, annotatis ad marginem annis quibus quaeque acciderunt, juxta Annales Dungallenses.

It may be first noted that O’Sheerin characterised O’Conor’s exemplar as ‘Codex R.D. Cantwel’, and his introduction of ‘R.’ here suggests that ‘D. Cantwel’ was a ‘Reverendus’, or priest, and that O’Sheerin knew something of his person. At AR 1.3 O’Sheerin prefixed ‘Dmi’ to the surname and this surely is an abbreviation for ‘Domini’, and indeed this title accords well with the social status of the Cantwel family in post-Norman Ireland in the neighbourhood of Roscrea.2 However, from the form of this title it is unlikely that Cantwel was a Franciscan.3 It should also be noted that O’Sheerin here explicitly acknowledged his decision to omit the pre-Patrician entries, further underlining the unitary character of 1 O’Conor’s foliation is defective for ff. 21–9 because over pp. 40–8 he enumerated both the recto and verso of each folio. 2 Gleeson and Mac Airt, ‘Annals of Roscrea’, 138 (Cantwel estates proximate to Roscrea). 3 This point was made to me by Fr Ignatius Fennessy OFM, the Librarian at Dún Mhuire, Killiney, Co. Dublin.

B. Jaski & D.P. Mc Carthy 14 6-Apr-18 O’Conor’s ‘Adversaria … ex mutila Historia D. Cantwel’. O’Sheerin’s heading is then followed by seventy-two pages of his neat, carefully compiled index in which O’Conor’s entries were substantially re-written and indexed by page number.1 As indicated above O’Sheerin’s hand may be assessed from his indices and his correspondence to Francis Harold, and these all show it to be far more compact, upright and neater than the strongly cursive hand of O’Conor. As well, O’Sheerin’s ink is noticeably grey compared to the brown ink used by O’Conor. In the course of constructing his index to AR O’Sheerin made a considerable number of marginal additions to O’Conor’s text, and it is clear that he had access to a substantial library of chronicles for he added numerous marginal annotations, sometimes supplying an AD datum. In some instances he explicitly identified his source for these as ‘Q. Mag.’ or ‘Annal. Dungall.’, ‘Beda’, ‘Gordanus’, ‘Tritemius’, and ‘Marianus Scotus’.2 In the case of his annotations of Irish events where he supplied an AD, some of these may be safely identified as coming from FM since his AD corresponds with their chronology, cf. AR 41.8, 41.12, 55.16, 65.1. In the case of his AD citations from Bede it appears he was mainly using Bede’s recapitulation in his Historia Ecclesiastica v.24. Some of his annotations express an explicit interest in chronological matters, for example, he inserted the summation 440+80=520 beside AR 25.16 ‘Natiuitas sanctae Brigidae’, evidently assigning Brigit’s natus to 440 and allocating her an eighty-year life span, and then computing the year of her obit. We have described this compilation process in considerable detail in order to try to correct a number of misapprehensions that arise from Gleeson and Mac Airt’s published edition, specifically:3 a) Gleeson and Mac Airt were ambivalent regarding the relationship between O’Conor’s designations ‘Annales Roscreensis’ and ‘Historia D. Cantwelij’, and they were evidently unaware of his cancelled inscription of ‘Annales Roscreensis’ on p. 1. Consequently, they chose to edit only the post-Patrician section of the text, i.e. pp. 25–65. However,

1 Both Bindon, ‘MSS relating to Ireland’, 491, and Gleeson and Mac Airt, ‘Annals of Roscrea’, 138, 142–3 stated that the index was by O’Conor, but this is absolutely ruled out by both the handwriting, and O’Sheerin’s title, which, while identifying O’Conor as the scribe of the ‘extracta’, implicitly acknowledges O’Sheerin’s own work with ‘hic digesta’. 2 O’Sheerin’s explicit source references: to FM at AR 27.1, 27.4, 31.9, 31.13, 31.16, 39.14, 40.13, 43.8; to Bede at AR 28.22, 32.21, 38.16, 46.5, 46.22; to Gordanus at AR 25.20, 27.20; to Tritemius at AR 25.20; to Marianus Scotus at AR 43.7. Mc Carthy, Irish annals, 31 and plate 6 was mistaken in attributing O’Sheerin’s references on page 27 to ‘Q. Mag.’, ‘Marianus Scotus’ and ‘Gordanus’ to O’Conor. 3 Gleeson and Mac Airt, ‘Annals of Roscrea’, 137–44 (historical introduction), 145–70 (edition), 138, 143 (ambivalence regarding ‘Annales Roscreensis’), 140–1 (‘interpolated’ entries), 143 (‘accurate’ transcription), 142, 144 (attribution of FM references to a ‘later annotator’), 143 (‘fair copy’). Mc Carthy, ‘AU compilation’, 77–84 (the mistaken belief that AU commenced at 431).

B. Jaski & D.P. Mc Carthy 15 6-Apr-18 examination shows that the range of O’Conor’s exemplar, ‘Historia D. Cantwelij’, included the Flood and extended beyond AD c.995. b) Gleeson and Mac Airt described the interlinear entries as, ‘entries or parts of entries which appear to us to have been interpolated in O’Conor’s exemplar’, and concluded that ‘the transcript is an accurate one and certainly not abbreviated.’ In this they passed over O’Conor’s descriptions of his transcript as ‘adversaria rerum Hibernij’ and ‘excerpta’, and the fact that he indeed transcribed mainly Irish entries in phase one, but included non- Irish entries in phase two. Therefore, their hypothesis that the interlinear position of these entries reflected an interpolated status in ‘Historia D. Cantwelij’ is not sustainable. These interlinear entries were a consequence of O’Conor’s two-phase transcription. c) Gleeson and Mac Airt printed all of the material from the left-hand margin in a small font, implicitly suggesting thereby that it was written by another hand, whereas it was practically all written by O’Conor in his second phase. Incongruently, even though they regarded the material written in the right-hand margin to be that of a ‘later annotator’, they printed it in the standard size font. d) Gleeson and Mac Airt concluded that ‘there is no reason to think that our text of the “Roscrea Annals” is not a fair copy of the Cantwell exemplar.’ However, close examination of the manuscript shows that O’Conor, working in haste, made only an incomplete and truncated transcription of his exemplar.

Regarding the entries transcribed by O’Conor it is remarkable that, notwithstanding his haste and late date, the orthography of some of them preserves some old details. For example, compare the orthography of S. Columba’s name in AR 31.18 ‘Columbae Cille’ with that of AU 573.2 ‘Columbe Cille’, normally considered to preserve the oldest Annalistic orthography; these are the only two annals to retain both the Latin ‘b’ and ‘e’ of ‘Columbae’. Moreover, some entries that in AR are entirely in Latin appear in the other Clonmacnoise group annals translated into Irish, for example: AR 48.5: Exberect Christi miles in II Paschae die pausat. AT 729.1: [Eicbericht] Ridire Crist do éc la casca …

Regarding the chronological apparatus of AR, collation of AR with AT/CS shows that, despite labouring under the disadvantage of not understanding its chronological apparatus, O’Conor transcribed enough kalends and ferial data to show that his exemplar preserved a better kalend+ferial apparatus than that of AT/CS. These two considerations together show that ‘Historia D. Cantwelij’ preserved features of the Clonmacnoise chronicle not transmitted

B. Jaski & D.P. Mc Carthy 16 6-Apr-18 by AT/CS. Moreover, examination of the lacunae of AR shows that its only substantial lacuna is that over c.948 BC–AD 157 and this lacuna closely corresponds with the range of Rawl. B. 502, viz. c.769 BC–AD 140, particularly at its later boundary. These three aspects taken together suggest the hypothesis that ‘Historia Cantwelij’ in fact derived from a good copy of the now-missing sections of Rawl. B. 502.1 This and its conservative orthography and accurate chronological data make it an important witness to the Clonmacnoise group, complementary in its range to Rawl. B. 502 and preserving many entries lost from AT/CS. However, the purview of AR corresponds closely with that of AT/CS, and certainly nothing in it suggests a Roscrea provenance. This was also Gleeson and Mac Airt’s conclusion, viz., ‘Their general tenor suggests a close affiliation with the Clonmacnoise group’, and ‘It would not appear … that the collection had any particular association with Roscrea.’2 In summary, it emerges that Bibl. Royale 5301-20 pp. 97–162, while at first sight an unattractive manuscript, appears on present evidence to preserve an independent witness to some of the now-missing sections of Rawl. B. 502, and hence to some sections of the Clonmacnoise chronicle at an earlier stage of its history than either AT (Rawl. B. 488) or CS (TCD 1292).

Compilation of this edition It may help the reader understand the organisation of this edition if the circumstances that have lead to its compilation are explained. In 2002 I, Daniel Mc Carthy, commenced a study of all the manuscripts of the principal Irish Annals, or, when these were not available, surrogates such as digitised or microfilm reproductions. Regarding these latter I was in the fortunate position of being able to examine the invaluable collection of microfilms of Irish manuscripts assembled by Pádraig de Brún and maintained by the Library of Celtic Studies at the Dublin Institute of Advanced Studies (DIAS). My examination of the microfilm of Bibl. Royale MS 5301–20 disclosed a number of the observations noted above, and, also that the pre-Patrician section included entries cognate with entries in AT/CS/AI/AB, some of which material clearly related to the Irish origin legend. In February 2006 I drew this material to the attention of Dr Bart Jaski of the University of Utrecht, and he kindly expressed both an interest and willingness to transcribe the pre-Patrician section of the chronicle. This he did

1 Ó Cuív, Catalogue, 164 points out that f. 1r and 12v of Rawl. B. 502 are ‘dark and rubbed’ whereas the ‘inner pages show comparatively little discoloration’, showing that ff. 1–12 have been long separated from the remainder of their codex. 2 Gleeson and Mac Airt, ‘Annals of Roscrea’, 141 (cit.).

B. Jaski & D.P. Mc Carthy 17 6-Apr-18 over the ensuing months using scans made from the DIAS microfilm printouts, and he followed this with a visit on 3 October 2006 to the Bibliothèque Royale in Brussels to examine the manuscript. This examination resolved numerous questions concerning readings of text that were obscure on the microfilm, and in particular confirmed that O’Conor had indeed initially inscribed ‘Annales Roscreenses’ on p. 1 of his transcription. We then agreed that an electronic edition of the text in facsimile would be the best way to display the incremental nature of O’Conor’s transcription, as well as the later additions made by O’Sheerin. Furthermore, this would allow us to employ colour to highlight our own editorial additions to the text, and would also also provide a readily searchable text. Thus I commenced arranging Dr Jaski’s transcription as an approximate facsimile employing the table function of Word to assign one cell to each line that O’Conor had written in the first phase of his transcription. Subsequent entries were then represented in a smaller font positioned interlinearly or marginally as a appropriate, as will be discussed in further detail below in the section ‘Phases’. Having thus compiled the electronic facsimile edition of the pre-Patrician section of the chronicle it seemed unsatisfactory to leave the post-Patrician section of the chronicle available only in printed form. Thus in January 2008 Prof. John Byrne of the Department of Computer Science, TCD, generously undertook conversion of the printed edition of Gleeson and Mac Airt to electronic form using optical character recognition (OCR). This was first checked against the published edition and then arranged in page facsimile form, again using the microfilm copy of the manuscript. In the course of these transcriptions and collations a considerable number of orthographical and textual questions arose, and so on 29 April 2010 Dr Jaski again visited the Bibliothèque Royale and was able to re-collate the whole pre- Patrician section, but unfortunately had insufficient time to complete a collation of the post- Patrician section. Fortunately, on 19 April 2011 he was able to visit the Bibliothèque again and complete a comprehensive check of both sections and so resolve many of the orthographical and textual issues. In this way the pre-Patrician section of this edition has been thrice collated by Dr Jaski with the manuscript, and the post-Patrician section once collated. Finally, on 12 September 2011 I was able to visit the Bibliothèque Royale and examine the manuscript and so resolve satisfactorily the identity of the hands of some of the very brief marginalia and other details not clearly reproduced on the microfilm copy. Principles of this edition The objectives of this edition are fourfold: first, to provide an accurate reading of the text; second, to make apparent the different phases of O’Conor’s work by showing the

B. Jaski & D.P. Mc Carthy 18 6-Apr-18 location of his primary and subsequent interlinear and marginal entries, as well as the subsequent additions by Thomas O’Sheerin; third, to identify cognate entries in other chronicles; fourth, to provide a chronology for the Christian era entries consistent with that of the other annals of the Clonmacnoise group. To these ends the following principles have been employed in this edition. Accurate reading Regarding the pre-Patrician section, AR 1–24, this has been transcribed first of all from a microfilm printout which was subsequently thrice checked against the manuscript as described above. Following this, wherever we consider either that our reading of characters is uncertain, or that even though the reading appears certain but the resulting word seems to us inappropriate to its context, then we have inserted a superscript question-mark ‘?’ at the end of the word to identify the uncertainty. Wherever characters are either illegible or incomprehensible to us they have been represented by white squares, ‘□’, whose number approximates the number of such characters. Wherever characters or words are cancelled or overwritten these have been shown as struck through, thus ‘Annales Roscrenses’, and likewise cancelled illegible characters have been shown as cancelled white squares ‘□’. In cases where we have considered a word to be either incomplete or mis-written we have inserted a footnote in which will be found the reading that we consider to be appropriate. In some instances where the manuscript reading is uncertain due to staining, for example, letters have been added from parallel texts and inserted between square brackets. Regarding punctuation, O’Conor’s usage is confined to points ‘.’, and occasionally hyphens ‘-’, but his use of these and also of capitalization is very erratic. Consequently, in order to provide a text that may be read comfortably we have introduced modern norms of punctuation using points, commas, hyphens, and the capitalization of both all proper nouns and the letter immediately following a point marking the end of a sentence. However, we have identified all instances of O’Conor’s own points, hyphens or capitalization in the manuscript by reproducing them in bold. Consequently, all non-bolded punctuation and capitalization represents our editorial emendation. Regarding O’Conor’s use of marks of suspension, we have expanded these in the normal way by representing the expanded letters in italic. Hyphens have also been added in the case of emphasizing pronouns, e.g. AR 2.3 ‘Partholon-sin’, or nasalization before a vowel, AR 20.3 ‘n-ingen’. An apostrophe has been used with ‘d’ for the preposition ‘de’ before a vowel, e.g. AR 4.1 ‘d’ochtmadh’. Proper names beginning with ‘He’, or ‘H’ before another vowel, have been rendered ‘He’ in the nominative, but ‘hE’ in oblique cases, where is may be regarded as a mark of lenition, e.g.

B. Jaski & D.P. Mc Carthy 19 6-Apr-18 AR 3.11, 4.19 ‘Heremon’, and AR 6.15 ‘la hEremon’; AR 8.6 ‘bean hEremoin’. The manuscript has variously the spellings ‘Erind’, ‘Erinn’, ‘Erend’, and ‘Eirind’, but we have expanded ‘Er-’ as ‘Erenn’ or ‘Erinn’, e.g. AR 2.11, 9.6. Similarly, while the manuscript usually has the spelling ‘meicc’, e.g. AR 3.3–4, but we have expanded ‘m-’ or ‘mc’, as ‘meic’ or ‘mac’. On the other hand because the manuscript usually has ‘cat’, we have expanded ‘c’ to ‘cat’ in the same section, even though the Old- and Middle Irish spelling is ‘cath’. We have not noted where single letters are written in superscript. Regarding the post-Patrician section, AR 25–65, as described above this has been taken from the published edition of Gleeson and Mac Airt using OCR. In their prefatory discussion neither Mac Airt nor Gleeson indicated what source they had used for their edition, but it appears from their partial repetition at the end of p. 48 of two entries that are actually located at the end of p. 46 and which are visible when viewing p. 48 as a consequence of the removal of the bottom centimetre or so of p. 47, cf. AR §169.3 and AR §187, that they did not use the manuscript but they must have used a photographic image. In their edition, whenever they wished to register uncertainty with regard to either a reading or its meaning, they interpolated a question-mark in parentheses ‘(?)’, and these have all been re-examined against the manuscript and, where possible, resolved. However, where these questions cannot be resolved they have been indicated, as in the pre-Patrician section, with a superscript ‘?’, and likewise with white squares ‘□’ for any illegible letters. In this section, we have simply reproduced their expansions of marks of suspension in italic, however it does appear that their identification of these is erratic, and quite incomplete. Similarly, they did not distinguish their editorial punctuation and capitalization from that of O’Conor’s, and regrettably we have not had the resources available to upgrade this but hope that this may be undertaken in a future revision. In making textual restorations they usually placed these within square brackets ‘[…]’, but occasionally used parentheses ‘(…)’, however in this edition all of these parentheses have been standardized to square brackets. Regarding the scripts used in both pre- and post-Patrician sections, O’Conor normally wrote Latin in a cursive script and Irish using a semi-cursive Gaelic script, but we have not considered it necessary to reproduce these distinctions since O’Conor’s usage is systematic and to represent it accurately would require the introduction of a relatively rare font into the edition. For the same reason the frequent occurrences of the customary Irish notation for

‘ocus’ have been rendered with a subscript seven, thus ‘7’. Finally, as mentioned above, O’Conor frequently endeavoured to identify groups of entries as belonging to one year by drawing lines about them, frequently in the form of an ‘L’-shaped bracket. However, we have

B. Jaski & D.P. Mc Carthy 20 6-Apr-18 not reproduced these in this edition because they detract from the legibility of the text, and the marginal AD chronology adequately identifes entries from the same year.

Phases As has been described above O’Conor transcribed excerpts from his source, ‘Historia D. Cantwelij’, in two phases, followed by a third phase in which O’Sheerin annotated it by collation with other sources in the course of contructing his index to the text.1 In the first phase O’Conor transcribed entries down the middle of each page, fairly frequently leaving some lines blank, cf. AR 2, 9, 15–16, 22–4, 27–8, 53, 55–61, 65, and these blank lines clearly signal O’Conor’s intention to return to further transcription. It is these lines from phase one, whether written or blank, which have been used to define the primary lines of this edition in which these lines are spaced at 7 mm for reasons to be explained below. These lines have then been enumerated in red down the extreme left-hand margin of the edition, and then all of the text that O’Conor transcribed in phase one has been transcribed into these lines and represented in 11-point Times font. Then in phase two O’Conor typically transcribed chronological criteria and annotations into the left-hand margin, additional entries interlinearly and into blank lines or the blank ends of lines, and annnotations into the right-hand and upper and lower margins. All of these subsequent additions by him, including his pagination 1–65 and the two titles ‘Annales Roscreenses’ have been represented in 9-point Times font. As far as possible these subsequent entries have been appropriately positioned with respect to the phase one lines, whether marginal or interlinear, and all of O’Conor’s line breaks have been accurately reproduced. The aforementioned primary line spacing of 7 mm has been chosen because it can accommodate one line of 11-point Times Roman text with another line of 9-point Times Roman text above it separated at exactly 10-points. In this way O’Conor’s interlinear additions may be satisfactorily represented, as can his multi-line additions on phase one blank lines, cf. AR 32.8, 32.11, 34.7. Furthermore, this smaller font size accords in general with the smaller size of O’Conor’s writing in phase two, with, however, the notable exceptions of his ‘Annales Roscreenses’ addition at AR 25.0 and his pagination pp 1–65 in the upper margins which considerably exceed the size of his phase one writing. Very occasionally it has not been practicable to reproduce the orientation of his text, as, for example, his first inscription of ‘Annales Roscreenses’ at AR 1.1, which is written obliquely, and his marginal addition at 1 Mc Carthy, Irish Annals, 31, working from the microfilm mistakenly identified some marginalia citing explicit sources with O’Conor, and so attributed a third phase to him; however, subsequent examination of the manuscript has shown these marginalia to be the work of O’Sheerin.

B. Jaski & D.P. Mc Carthy 21 6-Apr-18 AR 46.11–23 which is written in the left-hand margin vertically on lines 11–23. In the edition this entry has been moved to line 24 and a marginal comment added to explain its original position. Here it is appropriate to comment briefly upon O’Conor’s substantial addition written on the bottom margin of p. 1, which we have read as follows:

Circa modum computandi per locis K consulerimus P Sirmondus et author etiam qui is de ratione fratrum Jermiae de Parisijs, et videndus insuper D. Anselmij liber De Imagini Mundi capilibus penultimis De Termino Saeculum Paschali et De Regularibus. Item in capitula De Insulis ad Finem ubi de S. Brandano.

This we tentatively translate as: Concerning the manner of computing by placements of Kalends, we should have consulted Pater Sirmondus and the author, moreover, who is about [comments on?] the reckoning from brother Jeremiah of Paris, and which is to be seen, moreover, in Lord Anselm’s book, The Image of the World, the penultimate chapters, About the Second Era of Easter and About the Regulations. Likewise in the chapter About the Islands at the End [of the World] where it is [related] about Saint Brendan.

Our transcription of a number of words is uncertain and these are shown above in italic, and this in turn renders the translation uncertain. Nevertheless, some comments on the content can be made. It seems virtually certain that the reference to ‘P. Sirmondus’ is to the French Jesuit scholar, Fr Jacobus Sirmondus, 1559–1651, who became rector of the Paris College in 1617 and it was there that he served as confessor to king Louis XIII. Earlier Sirmond had assisted Cesare Baronius with his historical works, and then between 1611 and 1647 he published his own editions of numerous Latin and Byzantine chronicles. While there is no immediate connection between Sirmond’s own work and computus, it is the case that in Paris he had in his possession the manuscript now Bodleian Library, Oxford, MS 309. This manuscript contains a wealth of computistical and annalistic material, and provided the primary source for two contemporaneous computistical publications, namely Dionysius Petavius’ De Doctrina Temporum (Paris 1627), and Aegidius Bucherius’ In Victorium Aquitani Canonem (Antwerp 1633).1 In these circumstances O’Conor’s conspicuous reference on p. 1 to Sirmond, who in the mid-seventeenth century represented the Catholic authority on chronicle matters, is readily comprehensible. We have not, however, been able to identify his reference to Jeremiah of Paris, if the reading itself is correct, though it may possibly refer to a pupil of Sirmond while he was in Paris. As regards O’Conor’s attribution of the work De imagine mundi to ‘Anselmi’, it was indeed long considered that this tract in two books was written by Anselm of Canterbury; it is, for example, incorporated in the

1 C.W. Jones, ‘Sirmond Manuscript’, 204 (Petavius and Bucherius), 213–19 (MS contents).

B. Jaski & D.P. Mc Carthy 22 6-Apr-18 collected edition of his works, Omnia divi Anselmi Cantuariensis archiepiscopi ... opuscula (Paris 1544), pp. 217-26. However, around the beginning of the seventeenth century alternative attributions were made; for example, in the Divi Anselmi … opera omnia (Cologne 1612), pp. 245-61, it is also attributed to Honorius of Autun, and Anselm’s authorship of the tract is refuted in the Lyons edition of 1630. Later the tract was printed by J.-P. Migne among the work of Honorius of Autun in Patrologia Latina (PL) 172, col. 115-64, with the third book, a chronicle of world history, at col. 165-88. Regarding O’Conor’s reference to ‘S. Brandan’ and ‘de Insulis ad finem’, this is consistent with the 1612 Cologne edition of De imagine mundi, book I chapter 21, p. 250, where it is stated concerning the islands in the western ocean (insula dicitur Perdita), ‘Ad hanc fertur Brandanus venisse’, cf. PL 172, col. 133, book I, ch. 36. In the PL edition (col. 163-4) the chapter headings of the final chapters of book II, on computus, are different from in the 1544 edition (p. 225-6) and the 1612 edition (p. 261). The 1612 edition of Anselm’s works has: cap. 24 De termino Paschali (termini in the 1544 edition); cap. 25: De regularibus eiusdem termini; cap.26: De embolismis; cap.27: De diebus Aegyptiacis. The titles of the penultimate two chapters agree with O’Conor’s addition.

Subsequent to O’Conor’s work Thomas O’Sheerin added numerous annotations, usually marginally, often based upon his collation with FM or other chronicles and these have all been identified and represented in 9-point Arial Narrow font, cf. AR 1.2–4, 18.4–5, 18.7– 8, 18.13. All subsequent annotation, including the re-pagination of the manuscript as pp 97– 161, which evidently postdates the catalogue of Van den Gheyn and hence is of twentieth- century origin, and also our own annotations have been represented in a 9-point Century Gothic font. Our own marginal annotations have also been rubricated in order that they may be readily distingushed from the manuscript text which is in black. O’Conor’s pagination 1– 65 together with our enumeration of his phase one lines allow for relatively precise references to be made to the text by concatenation of the page and line number. Thus AR 3.6 refers to the coming of Nel mac Fenios to Egypt, and this notation has been used in all the references to this edition. In these references line zero is taken to reference the upper margin, so that AR 3.0 refers to the upper margin of p. 3 wherein are found O’Conor’s marginalia ‘K vel sequenti’, ‘Natali Moy’, his cancelled foliation ‘2’, his pagination ‘3’, and the modern pagination ‘[99]’.

Cognate entries

B. Jaski & D.P. Mc Carthy 23 6-Apr-18 For the pre-Patrician section we have identified entries cognate with those of AR in the following works: the Annals of Tigernach, Ulster, Inisfallen, Boyle, Four Masters and the Chronicum Scotorum, in Lebor gabála, Jerome’s Chronica, Orosius’ Historia, Isidore’s Etymologiae, and Bede’s Chronica maiora. To cryptically reference these works the sigla, editions and conventions listed below have been used, and these identifications in Century Gothic font all coloured red are placed in either the left or right margins encased in brackets, e.g. at AR 1.8 ‘[CS 4a, AB §21]’ signifies that a cognate entry will be found in the upper quarter section of page four of Hennessy’s edition of CS, and in paragraph twenty-one of Freeman’s edition of AB. Regarding the post-Patrician section, in their edition of this Gleeson and Mac Airt provided substantial but incomplete identification of cognate entries in AU, AT, FM, and occasionally CS and Bede’s Chronica maiora, but there is insufficient marginal space in our edition to allow this to be reproduced comprehensively, so it has all been omitted from this section, with the exception of some identifications of Bede. However, cognate entries in the other Irish Annals may be readily identified by using the marginal AD chronology, as is discussed below.

AD chronology In order to provide an AD chronology for the chronicle in the Christian era which is consistent with the other annals O’Conor’s first phase AR entries have been collated, where possible, with cognate entries in AT/CS/MB/AU and then the AD from Mc Carthy’s synchronisation of the Irish Annals has been assigned to the AR entry. This synchronisation is available in both Word and html at www.irish-annals.cs.tcd.ie entitled ‘Chronological synchronisation of the Irish Annals’, and this synchronised AD has then been added marginally in 9-point Century Gothic font encased in square brackets all coloured red. For the pre-Patrician section this synchronised AD has been followed by the list of the sigla of cognate entries as discussed above. For example, textually the first such instance is at

AR 16.13, which announces the natus of S. Patrick, and this has the marginal annotation ‘[336

– AT/CS/AU/AI]’ showing that the cognate AT, CS, AU, and AI entries have all been synchronised at AD 336. Consultation of the online synchronisation at AD 336 will then show that these entries are located at AT p. 74, CS p. 12, AU §163 and AI §313. For the post-Patrician section the great majority of AR entries are found in one or more of AT, CS, MB, or AU, and in these instances the synchronised AD has been added marginally in 9-point Century Gothic font encased in square brackets all coloured red.

B. Jaski & D.P. Mc Carthy 24 6-Apr-18 Consultation of this AD year in the ‘Chronological synchronisation of the Irish Annals’ will assist in the location of cognate entries in the other annals. However, a small number of AR entries are either found only in FM, or are unique, and these are all listed below. Because it has been demonstrated that FM’s AD chronology is unreliable, in these cases, and also for the AR-unique entries, the best we may do is to bound their AD from the synchronised chronology of their preceding and succeeding synchronised entries, and this is shown in Tables 2–3 below.1 A small number of AR’s entries are found otherwise either only in MB or only in MB/FM, and these are listed in Table 4; in these cases the entry has been assigned an AD based on upon the online synchronisation of MB with the other annals. In the case of O’Conor’s phase two entries there is in general insufficient marginal space to allow their chronology to be documented, so these have been omitted, however it is invariably the case that their chronology relates very closely to the proximate phase one entries.

Table 2. AR entries found otherwise only in FM AR AR Token FM AD p.l § bound 50.18 202.3 M. Dungail 767.10 772–3 50.19 202.4 M. Hearnnich 767.6 772–3 51.3 206.4 M. Tnudgaile 771.4 776 51.6 207.3 Q. Snedcheasta 773.2 778 51.6 207.4 Q. Conaill 773.3 778 51.10 210.3 Leargal sapiens 774.3 779–80 52.4 213.3 Q. Flaithniad 776.12 781–2 52.5 214.1 M. Ciaran 777.7 781–2 52.19 218.3 Q. Leamnatha 802.4 807–10 53.9 222.4 B. Daolgair 809.14 814 53.15 224.3 Q. Connmaich 812.4 816–21 54.4 228.5 Suibne ob. 823.6 825 54.8 228.7 Mael Rubai ob. 823.9 825 54.18 233.2 Cailti dorm. 828.6 827–34 55.7 236.1 Occ. Echnig 837.5 837–8 55.10 238.1 Aidan m. 838.3 838–40 56.1 241.1 Q. Mael Dithraibh 840.2 840–3 57.1 249.1 Cathasach dor. 854.3 854–6 57.9 252.2 Mael Tuile p. 856.4 858–60 58.3 259.1 Cormac q. 867.9 869 59.13 270.1 Fergil dul 927.6 923–6 61.1 275.1 Bran dor. 929.6 929–33 61.17 279.3 Cormacan m. 946.7 948–9 62.11 282.1 Fothud m. 961.2 957–64 63.1 283.4 Colman m. 962.6 964–70

1 Mc Carthy, Irish annals, 298–9 (unreliability of FM’s AD chronology).

B. Jaski & D.P. Mc Carthy 25 6-Apr-18 63.2 283.5 Suibne m. 962.3 964–70 64.1 289.1 Faolan ob. 979.2 976–86 64.3 290.1 Mugron ob. 978.1 976–86 65.1 296.1 Odran q. 994.5 995–?

Table 3. Entries unique to AR AR AR Token AD p.l § bound 55.19 240.2 Aireachtach [q.] 840–3 55.19 240.3 Beirichtir [q.] 840–3 57.18 256.1 Faelan m. 864–8 60.10 272.6 Diarmait exp. 928 62.1 280.1 999 annus 948–9 63.4 284.1 Flann et al. ex. 964–70

Table 4. AR entries found otherwise either only in MB or in MB/FM

AR AR Token MB FM AD p.l § p.q 51.4 204.5 Seanchán [q.] 122d 769.7 774 52.1 213 Q. Scandail 124b 775.2 780 53.17 225.2 Orgain Beachereann 131a 819.4 821 53.18 225.3 Ceann Faoladh d. 131a 819.2 821 54.15 231 Eogan Mainistrech gab. 132a 825.5 827 54.17 233 Siadail [q.] 132c 828.6 830 55.9 237 Gabail Hereann 137c – 838 56.7 244 Orgain Lis Cille 140a 843.10 845 60.15 274.1 Indreachtach q. 149a 927.12 929 60.16 274.2 Dunnchad q. 149a 927.7 929 60.17 274.3 Fergill q. 149a 927.6 929 60.18 274.4 Scanduil q. 149a 927.3 929 61.10 278 Lumbert ob. 152d – 943

B. Jaski & D.P. Mc Carthy 26 6-Apr-18 Sigla, editions and referencing Sigla Edition(s) and conventions AB A.M. Freeman (ed.), ‘The annals in Cotton MS Titus A xxv’, RC 41 (1924) 301–30; 42 (1925) 283–305; 43 (1926) 358–84; 44 (1927) 336–61. Pre-Christian era entries have been referenced using Freeman’s paragraph numbers prefixed by ‘§’. Entries in the Christian era have been referenced using the synchronised AD, except when it is necessary to make a specific reference to this edition when the paragraph number ‘§’ will be used. AI S. Mac Airt, The Annals of Inisfallen (MS Rawlinson B 503) (Dublin 1951). Pre-Christian entries have been referenced by the paragraph number assigned by this edition prefixed by ‘§’. Entries in the Christian era have been referenced using the synchronised AD, except when it is necessary to make a specific reference to this edition when the paragraph number ‘§’ will be used for pre-Patrician entries and Mac Airt’s marginal AD for post-Patrician entries.. AR D. Gleeson & S. Mac Airt (edd), ‘The Annals of Roscrea’, PRIA 59C (1959) 137–80. Referenced by their paragraph number prefixed by ‘§’. AT W. Stokes (ed) The Annals of Tigernach, first published in RC 16 (1895) 374–419; 17 (1896) 6–33, 119–263, 337–420; 18 (1897) 9–59, 150–97, 267–303, which were reprinted in facsimile as The Annals of Tigernach i–ii (Felinfach, Wales 1993). Pre-Christian entries have been referenced using the page number of this facsimile edition suffixed by a page quarter letter, a−d, where a=first quarter, ... d=fourth quarter. Entries in the Christian era have been referenced using the synchronised AD. AU S. Mac Airt & G. Mac Niocaill (eds), The Annals of Ulster (to A.D. 1131) (Dublin 1983). All its surviving entries are in the Christian era and thus have been referenced using the synchronised AD, except when it is necessary to make a specific reference to this edition when the paragraph number ‘§’ will be used for pre-Patrician entries and the MS AD for post- Patrician entries. CH R. Helm (ed.), Eusebius Werke: Die Chronik des Hieronymus, GCS 7 (Berlin 1956). All references have employed the Anno Abrahami (AA) of the edition. CM C.W. Jones (ed.), ‘Chronica maiora’ in Bedae venerabilis opera, CCSL cxxiii B (Turnhout 1977) 461–535. All references have used the paragraph numbers of this edition prefixed by ‘§’. CS W.M. Hennessy (ed), Chronicum Scotorum, a chronicle of Irish affairs from earliest times to A.D. 1135 (London 1866, repr. Wiesbaden 1964). Again the pre-Christian entries have been referenced using the page number of this edition suffixed by a page quarter letter, a−d, where a=first quarter, ... d=fourth quarter. Entries in the Christian era have been referenced using the synchronised AD. Etym W.M. Lindsay (ed.), Etymologiarum sive originum libri XX Isidori Hispalensis episcopi (Oxford 1911 repr. 1985). All references are by a concatenation of the book, chapter and section numbers. FM J.O’Donovan (ed.), Annala Rioghachta Eireann: Annals of the Kingdom of Ireland i–vii (Dublin 1848–51; repr. New York 1966). Pre-Christian era entries have been referenced using the edition’s Anno Mundi data, and Christian era entreis have been referenced using the edition’s AD data concatenated with the entry number assigned in the CELT edition of FM. HAP C. Zangmeister (ed.), Paul Orosii historiarum adversum paganos libri vii, CSEL v (Vindobonae 1882). All references are by a concatenation of the edition’s book and section numbers. LG R.A.S. Macalister (ed.), Lebor gabála Érenn i–v in ITS vols. xxxiv, xxxv, xxxix, xli, xliv (Dublin 1938–56). All entries have been referenced using the paragraph number of the edition prefixed by ‘§’, followed if relevant by the recension siglum where a=R1, b=R2, c=R3, m=Míniugud. MB D. Murphy (ed), The Annals of Clonmacnoise, being Annals of Ireland from the earliest period to A.D. 1408, translated into English A.D. 1627 by Conell Mageoghagan and now for the first time printed (Dublin 1896, repr. Llanerch, Wales 1993).

B. Jaski & D.P. Mc Carthy 27 6-Apr-18 Conclusions By comparison with other Irish annalistic manuscripts O’Conor’s transcription of Cantwel’s ‘Historia’ is complex, disorderly, and incomplete, and as a consequence appears rather uninviting. However, on closer examination a considerable amount of the content and the chronology of his exemplar may be deduced, and from this it can be seen that the chronological apparatus of the ‘Historia’ comprised first of all kalends, and then kalends plus ferial data as far as AD 642, as in the other annals of the Clonmacnoise group, AT and CS. It is also the case that AR’s range is substantially complementary to that of Rawl. B 502, so that AR represents a valuable witness to the Clonmacnoise group of annals. It also emerges that AR’s pre-Patrician section has preserved an account of the Irish origin legend that is both cognate and complementary to that of the other annals.1 Thus we hope that this, the first complete edition of this work, will enable other scholars to explore these and other aspects of this chronicle. Finally, the authors wish to express their gratitude to the following: the Library staff at the School of Celtic Studies, DIAS, Burlington Road, for arranging access to their microfilm of the manuscript; the Library staff at the Bibliothèque Royal, Brussels, for arranging access to the manuscript itself; Professor John Byrne for his assistance with the OCR of the edition of Gleeson and Mac Airt; Nike Stam of the Celtic Department of the University of Utrecht for checking the transcription of the Irish abbreviations of the pre-Patrician section.

1 Jaski, ‘The Irish origin legend’, 63–8 (comparison between AR 4.14–25 and AI, CS, and Lebor gabála).

B. Jaski & D.P. Mc Carthy 28 6-Apr-18 Bibliography

Author(s) Short title Title and publication – Catalogue des Catalogue des manuscrits de la Bibliothèque Royale des ducs manuscrits de Bourgogne, publié par ordre du ministre de l’intérieur, tom. i (Inventaire No 1–18000), tom. ii–iii (Repertoire Méthodique), (Brussels & Leipzig 1842). Best, R.I., Book of The Book of Leinster formerly Lebar na Núachongbála i–v Bergin, O., Leinster (Dublin 1954–67). & O’Brien, M.A. (eds) Bindon, MSS relating ‘On the MSS. relating to Ireland in the Burgundian Library at S.H. to Ireland Brussels’, PRIA iii (1846–7) 477–502. Bindon, Notices of Some notices of manuscripts relating to Ireland in various S.H. manuscripts languages now to be found in the Burgundian Library at Brussels (Dublin 1847). Charles- Chronicle of The Chronicle of Ireland vol. 1 (Introduction, Edition), vol. 2 Edwards, T. Ireland (Glossary, bibliography, indices, maps) (Liverpool 2006). Dillon, M., Catalogue Catalogue of Irish manuscripts in the Franciscan library, Mooney, C., Killiney (Dublin 1969). & de Brún, P. Elrington, Whole works The whole works of the most Rev. James Ussher, D.D. i–xvii C.R. (ed.) (Dublin 1847–64). Cited as ‘Ussher, Whole works’. Evans, N. Present and The present and past in Medieval Irish chronicles (Woodbridge, past Suffolk 2010). Fennessy, I. Printed books ‘Printed books in St Anthony’s College, Louvain, 1673 (F.L.K., MS A 34)’, Collectanea Hibernica 35 (1996) 82–117. Gleeson, D Annals of ‘The Annals of Roscrea’, PRIA 59C (1959) 137–80. & Mac Airt, Roscrea S. (edd.) Grabowski, Chronicles and Chronicles and annals of mediaeval Ireland and Wales K., & annals (Woodbridge, Suffolk 1984). Dumville, D. Gwynn, A. Archbishop ‘Archbishop Ussher and Father Brendan O Conor’, in Ussher Franciscan Fathers, Father Luke Wadding: commemorative volume (Killiney 1957) 263–83. Historical Franciscan Report on the Franciscan manuscripts preserved at the Manuscripts manuscripts Convent, Merchants’ Quay, Dublin (Dublin 1906). Commission Hughes, K. Early Early Christian Ireland: Introduction to the sources (London Christian 1972). Ireland Jaski, B The Irish origin ‘The Irish origin legend: seven unexplored sources’, in John legend Carey (red.), Lebor gabála Érenn: textual history and pseudohistory. Irish Texts Society, Subsidiary Series 20 (Dublin 2009) 48-75.

B. Jaski & D.P. Mc Carthy 29 6-Apr-18 Author(s) Short title Title and publication Jones, C.W. Sirmond ‘The ‘lost’ Sirmond Manuscript of Bede’s ‘Computus’’, Manuscript English Historical Review 52 (1937) 204–19. Mc Carthy, Chronological ‘Chronological synchronisation of the Irish Annals’ at: D.P. synchronisation www.cs.tcd.ie/Dan.McCarthy/chronology/synchronisms/annals- chron. Mc Carthy, The status ‘The status of the pre-Patrician Irish Annals’, Peritia 12 D.P. (1998) 98–152. Mc Carthy, The ‘The chronology of the Irish annals’, PRIA 98C:6 (1998) 203– D.P. chronology 55. Mc Carthy, AU ‘The original compilation of the Annals of Ulster’, Studia D.P. compilation Celtica 38 (2004) 69–96. Mc Carthy, Irish annals The Irish annals – Their genesis, evolution and history (Dublin D.P. 2008). Mac MSS of John ‘MSS. of the celebrated John Colgan, preserved at St. Donnell, C. Colgan Isidore’s, Rome’, PRIA vi (1854) 95–112. Mac Medieval Irish The medieval Irish annals (Dublin 1975). Niocaill, G. annals Ó Cuív, B. Catalogue Catalogue of Irish language manuscripts in the Bodleian library at Oxford and Oxford College libraries (Dublin 2001). O’Curry, E. Manuscript Lectures on the Manuscript materials of ancient Irish history materials (Dublin 1861, repr. 1995). O’Donovan, FM Annala Rioghachta Eireann: Annals of the Kingdom of Ireland J. (ed) i–vii (Dublin 1848–51; repr. New York 1966). Cited as FM i– vii. O’Rahilly, Early Irish Early Irish history and mythology (Dublin 1946, repr. 1971). T.F. history O’Sullivan, Finding list ‘A finding list of Sir James Ware’s manuscripts’, PRIA 97C W. (1997) 69–99. Radner, J.N. Fragmentary Fragmentary annals of Ireland (Dublin 1978). (ed.) annals Smith, P.J. Gilla Coemain Three historical poems ascribed to Gilla Coemain in Studien (ed) und Texte zur Keltologie Band 8 (Münster 2007). Ussher, J. Corbes ‘Corbes, herenaches and termon lands’ in Elrington, Whole works xi, 419–73. Van den Catalogue Catalogue des manuscrits de la Bibliothèque Royale de Gheyn, J. Belgique vii (Brussels 1907).

B. Jaski & D.P. Mc Carthy 30 6-Apr-18 MS Brussels, Bibliothèque Royale 5301-20 pp. 97–161

Adversaria rerum Hibernij quae excerpta ex mutila Historia1 D. Cantwelij 1 Annales Roscreenses2 Jubuleuileus [97]

Ex mutila Hoc Anno Ante diluuium uenit Ceaser filia [CS 2d, AB §14]

Historia Domini Beatha filij Noe in Hiberniam Cum cl. ac viris 33

Cantwelii [O’Sheerin] Virginibus ut Eachoid ait.

Hoc Anno uenit diluuium .i. 600 anno uitae Noe [AB §14] Ab Adam ergo usque ad diluuium 1656 annis vel iuxta Habraeos. Iuxta vero 70 Interpretes a

1000 2242. Finit prima aetas. Incipit 2a [CS 4a, AB §21] Aetas quae Continet Annos 292 iuxta Habraeos ut poeta Ait. Sempere qui praecedit Eochaidh O dilind co Abram hi ngeanair ar setaib

di bliadain balcc totacht nocat ar dib cetaibh. × secundum Eusebium computum 70 Interpretes Iuxta vero 70 Interpretes 940. × est 942

Hoc anno Arphaxad natus est. [cf. AB §14] Tertia aetas incipit quae annos 942 et in- cipit a natauitate Abram Patriarchae ut Poaeta .i. Abram ait. On gein-sin corgabad Dauid hi flait feidil cethraca de bliadnaib noe cet canid deimin cain cituistin duile nócha ni aisc nuide ocht cét cruth dorime di mile mor n-uile.

Ab Adam ad hunc Anno 60 aetatis Abraham Partholon Hiberniam tenuit. [AB §22] annum 2008· Hoc anno natus est Abram in terra Caldeorum. [AB §20]

Tera anno 70 genuit Abram cui supervix- [AB §18; Bede, DTR ch. 37 + 66] it annis 135. Ab Adam ergo usque ad Abram 1945. ut Poaeta ait Ced othustin duili co a gein gnim ad rime. cetraca oct mbliadna noi ced ocus mile. Circa modum computandi per hunc an lvium4 K consulepimus P Sirmon- dus et author etiam quid is de ratione fratrum Jermiae de Parisijs, et vidensque5 in super D. Anselmij liber De Imagini Mundi capitilibus6 penultimis de secundo saeculum7? Paschali et de regularibus. de Insulis ad finem ubi de S. Brandano. Item in capitula

1 This heading was written by O’Conor using the same brown ink that he used to strike out ‘Annales Roscreenses’ below, cf. also AR 25.0. Note that by this heading O’Conor explicitly indicated that his transcription included principally Irish entries from Historia Cantwelii, and this is indeed substantially what he did in phase one. 2 The position, oblique orientation, and cancellation show this title was written after ‘Jubuleu’, but before the heading at AR 25.0. 3 Belongs after ‘virginibus’. 4 MS ‘lvu’m’, with the m being written by a vertical stroke. The ‘’’ probably represents an ‘i’ (cf. 2.23), hence ‘lvuium’ (sextum quinquagesimum = 56). Alternatively ‘lviiium’ = 58. The ‘de’ preceding ‘Parisijs’ is superscript. 5 ‘s’ crossed by a ‘d’, apparently the scribe had begun to write ‘vidend’, repeating the second ‘d’ by mistake. 6 A mistake for ‘capitibus’, probably by confusion with ‘capitalibus’, from ‘capital’, a crime. 7 MS ‘sco scl-m’., a problematic abbreviation. [ 1 ] 6-Apr-18 MS Brussels, Bibliothèque Royale 5301-20 pp. 97–161

2 [98]

Hoc anno 60 aetatis Abram tenuit Partholón [CS 4c, AB §22] filius Seara filij Easrau Hiberniam. Is he dia Mairt in Partholon-sin ceta ragaib hEirind iar ndilind for xiiii

ochtur a lín .i. iiii. fer 7 iiii. ban. Ro forbrisset iarom

co rabatar l. ar ceitri milib fear 7 mile ban.

Cethri maige in hÉrind fo roillsheachta la Partho- [CS 4d]

lon .i. Mag Tuired le Connacta 7 Magh nItha la Connachta

7 Magh nItha la Laigniu 7 Magh Latrainn la Dal

nAraide 7 le hUa Macc hUais etir Bir 7 Cammus.

Sect mbliadna iar ngabail hErenn do Partolon conerbalt [CS 4d] in cetna fer dia muintir .i. Feaa a ainm. Is and ro adnact hi Maigh Fea conid huad ro ainmniged. Sect loca do madmadh and fo tir hi flait Partoloin .i. Loch Measca, Loc Con, Loc nDechet. Treas bliadna iarsin cetna cath hErenn ro bris Partolón for Fomorib for deamnaib imorro iar fir in dealbaibh daoi-

ne is sleamnuib Maige Íta .i. fir cona oenlamaibh 7 oen-

cosaib ro fersat fris. In bliadain do dánastar at bath [CS 6b] Slanga in cetramad aire hErenn co ro adnact la Parto- lon hi Sleib Slangai conid huaidh ainmnigtur in sliabh.

[blank line] × A morte Joseph in × Hoc tempore ro gabsat Fir Bolg hErind .i. Gant [AI §24, CS 8c, AB §32] ?1 Egypto usque ad hoc septimus 7 Seangant 7 Geanand 7 Rudhraige 7 conquistus Fir Bolg plenatur Slaine. 38 K· vide si totius? 87 anni

[blank line] dia deic mbliadain iar cosracrad2 in tuir do repi Fenius Forsaid in suidbearla na nGaoideal arna dib mberlaibh lxxat 7 do rat iarsin do Goediul Glas mac Agnomin.

1 MS ‘sp’9’. 2 Read: coscrad. [ 2 ] 6-Apr-18 MS Brussels, Bibliothèque Royale 5301-20 pp. 97–161

K Natali Moy1 3 2 vel sequenti [99]

º A natavitate Moy- Hoc tempore ro gabsat Tuatha De Donand º º vide si duo

sis usque ad hunc an- for Feraib Bolcc .i. Delbaeth 7 Breas 7 In Dagh- sunt anni a na-

num 10 numerantur da 7 □□□ Ogma ceithri meicc Eladain insin tivitate Moysis usque Aaron usque K vide si totius anni 7 tri meicc In Dagdai .i. Cermait Coem 7 ad natavitate Moysis sicut dilu2 Lodh 7 Oengus In Mac Oag 7 reliqua. [AI §31] sunt K.

ν Ab hoc anno usque co Nél mac Fenios in Eagyptum venit qui Peritus ν secundum 70 Interpretes hic annus est ad percussionem Egypti multarum linguarum. 2493

10 plagis 25 K. Meicc □□ Miled in Hiberniam in hoc tempo- [CS 14a, AI §35, AB §36]

sequenti annos re venerunt .i. Mil mac Bile pater eorum qui ha-

post liberandi ? buit hos sex vel verius septem .i. Dond,

populi Israel. Colptha, Amargein Gluingeal, Hir, Heber, Here- mon, Herech. Is acht tra do rimter h□□gabal□ hi nGabalaib hErenn is dia cetri mbliadan xx iar mbas Iartact meicc Iardeanolo. Tancatar meicc Mi- led Easpain .i. Mil mac Bile meic Brigi meic Bre- et reliqua usque Adam guind meic Brata a Scitia. Do cumlai didiu for [LG §127] longais asin Scitia Mil mac Bili meic Brigi iar nguin Reafeloir meic Naemi meic Breguin oc cosnam flaitem- nacta Scitiae. Cethri barca a muircoblach

coic lánamhna dec cacha barce 7 amus forcraid □□ cen mnai indi. Ansait tri miosa Inis Tap- fane3. Tri mís aile dano for fairge Mara Ruaidh co rancatar co Forainn co rig Egept. Ro fogh-

lain setar sáirsi in dú-sin ocus ansait ocht [LG §128] mbliadan la Forainn in Egept á rosnailset a n-ildana

7 a n-ilgnioma. Ocus luid Scotta ingen Forainn

1 Read: Natalis Moysi. 2 MS ‘dilu’, the rest of the word is cut off, perhaps ‘diluvium’. 3 Read: Taprofane. [ 3 ] 6-Apr-18 MS Brussels, Bibliothèque Royale 5301-20 pp. 97–161

4 [100] co Mil mac Bili isin d’ochtmadh bli bliadain iarom ro

badhed Forainn cona sluag hi Muir Ruad. O ro fitir [LG §129] Mil mac Bili cona muintir anísin do cumlai for muir mor

a lin cetna 7 Scotta ingen Forainn leis co ngabsat

1 tir in Insi Tapfane 7 ansait mis inte. Imrai- set iarsin timcell Scitiae do inbior Mara Caisp. Gabsait tost teora nomada for Muir Caisp fri dord na muir mórann cona conda tesart Caicher drúi. Rai- sit iarom seac rinn Sleibe Riphei at tuaid co ngabh- sat in Dacia. Ansait mis and-sin. Asbert Caicher Drui friu co rissam hErind ni ainfem de. Raissit iarom seach Gotiam sech Germain do Breguinn co- ngabsat hEaspain. Ba folam-side ara cind. Ansait and-sin xxx mbliadan ina truib. Ocus ficsetar

cetri cata ar .l. fri Fresena 7 Longbardu 7 Bachru

7 roinsit huile r□□□l re Mil mac Bili. Im ceart

nEaspaine ro ferta na catha-sin h□ hule 7 is

□□□ de-sein ro ainmniged-som Mil Easpaine 7 is inti ro geanatar da mac Miledh .i. Heremon

7 Héranin it e in dá ósar. In dá sinser imorro .i.

Don 7 Heber ar is tair ro genatar .i. Dond in

Scithia 7 □□□ Heber in Egipt. Dosnanic tám oenlati in Espain conerbaltatar di lanamain

déc diib imna tri rigu .i. Mil mac Bile 7 Uicce 7 Oicce.

1 Read: Taprofane. [ 4 ] 6-Apr-18 MS Brussels, Bibliothèque Royale 5301-20 pp. 97–161

5 3 [101]

Do cumlat uii lanamnai xl 7 cetri amuis [LG §433] la maccu Miled 7 la Scoit ingen Forainn for fairgi da tascnaim docum nEareand. [AI §35 diverges] Dollotar didiu do gabail hErenn oc Inbiur Slaine. Ar issed don airchet no gebath tascur oirnide hErenn a Inbiur Sláne. Cectan do rochtis tír nErenn no delbtais in deamnai comba druim muicce in port. Timcelsat didiu hErenn fo tri go ro gaibhset fo deoid in Inbiur Scenae.

Drebraing Eranin ossar mac Miled isin fernai siuil [LG §434] do descin caeret huadib co tir. Adbat and-sin co ro scáilset a baill im na murcargi 7 do breat a ceand in uct a matar oca bas 7 foceird osnaidh ica ecaib. Is deitbir, ar a mathair, foidheir etir da n-impir. Seach ni roacht in n-impir cosa tanic. Ro scar o tanic isind lo-sin dano dosfánic ainbtine h□ huatmar

7 scarais friu in mbairc hi raibi Dond mac Miledh cetrur vel 40 ut alij aiunt ar ficet d’fearaibh 7 di mnái déc 7 ceitri amhuis [LG §416] coro batiside oc na dumachaib isin d’fairge tiar dia n-abart

Teach nDuind. Dia Dartain for tt? Kl- May □□□ vel for Kl- [LG §418] Maij ut Eochaidh ait tascar mac Miled in hErind in

Inbiur Scene for xuii escai. Ocus atbat and bean [LG §419] Amairgin Gluinfind .i. Scene Daulsire a lanamin di

7 fochreas a fert forsind inbiur-sin a qua nominatur Inber Scene

7 srut Scene 7 focreas feart Eranin dind leith aile

[ 5 ] 6-Apr-18 MS Brussels, Bibliothèque Royale 5301-20 pp. 97–161

treas la te iar ngabail hErenn do maccaib Miledh

ficsetar cath Sleibe Mis fri deamnu 7 Fomoru

7 memaid ria maccaib Miled 7 do ceardar di mnai [CS diverges]

in □ na freccura. Scotta ingen Forainn 7

Fas ben Uin meicc Uccai. Focreas iarom [LG §431]

fert Scotta 7 fert Faisse. Is de ata

Gleand Faisse etir Sliabh Mis 7 muir isin aidci-sin dano tomaidim Loca Lugdach in Iarmumain. Ria ciurid inna bliadna-sin ro roinsat meicc Mileadh cosna dib tigernaibh dec hErind in da se. Hereamon forsind leith tuaiscertaich o Tuinn Clidna co Buaill. Is he in coicer ogtigern

ro lean .i. Amorgin Glunfind 7 Goiscean 7 Setga 7 Surge 7 Sobairce. Isin bliadain-sin ro clas Rait Betaich [AI §36]

in Argetros la hEremon mac Mileadh 7 ro olas Rat

Fuamain i lLaignibh la hEbir mac Mileadh 7 cidtach tocair Inbir Moir hi cric Cualand la Amargein Gluin-

geal 7 cumtach a dune la Sobairce isin Murbulg

Dail Riaddai 7 cumtach Dune Delginnsi Cualand

la Setga 7 cumtach Duin Etuir la Suirge 7

cumtach Dúin Binne la Caicer iar nErind 7 cumtach Cairce Blaraige in airter tuasciurt hErenn

la Mantan 7 cumtach Rata Aird Suird i Fanat

hi tuasciurt hErenn la Fulman 7 cumtach Ratha

[ 6 ] 6-Apr-18 MS Brussels, Bibliothèque Royale 5301-20 pp. 97–161

7 4 [103] Righbaird hi Muriusc la Etan mac nUicce

7 cumtach cruaich in Aird Feataich la Etin

mac nOicce 7 cumtach Catrach Nairr iar Sleib Mis la Goiscean.

[Etym. XIV.vi.6, cf. LG §101m] Hibernia autem proxima Brittaniae insula spatio terrarum angustior sed situ faecundior. Haec ab Affrico in Boream porrigitur. Cuius partes priores in Hispaniam et Cantabri cum oceanum intendent unde et Hibernia dicta, et Scotia hoc quod a Scottorum gentibus colitur appellata est. Illic nullus anguis reperitur avis autem rara, et apes priscis temporibus nulla ni autem multae in ea apes a Modomroij ab Albania ductae adeo ut siquis advectos inde pulveres seu lapillos alibi sparserit □□ inter apvaria examina favos deserant. Scotti autem a Scotta filia Pharonis Regis Egyp- × quem alij esse quem alij esse d□□□ □□le filium □□B□li dicunt Mil filium ti vocati sunt quae fuit× N Niuil filij Fenios Bili uxor a quo Fenij vocantur.

[ 7 ] 6-Apr-18 MS Brussels, Bibliothèque Royale 5301-20 pp. 97–161

8 [104]

[Etym. IX.2.103] Scotti idem et Picti olim dicebantur eo quod aculeis ferreis cum atramento variarum variarum figurarum stigmate adnotaretur. Ethindus hoc anno regnavit suum annum lv. in ipse

[cf. AI §39, AB §38] cuius Moyses mortuus est. .i. atbath In bliadain do danastar bebais Tea bean hErem- Hoc numeratur 2us annus ab adventu horum gen. oin batar rata fr□□ fria sear a cele .i. Amor- 2us post adventum. gein Glungeal 7 Heber riasiu tisad cepedh tir no togfad in hEr1 combad ann no adnusta

[LG §396a, 423b, 443c] 7 no tocabtha a mur 7 a lige 7 combad ann no bet Tea2 rig orddan no geinfed dia- cloinn co brath. Togaid-si didiu Liath Druim daigh ba he fot as aildem forsa n-acca trom ordan fer

nErenn conid andsein didiu ro adnactis 7 tor gabadh a mur conid de ro ainmniged Temuir eadhon Tea múr □□ insin. In bliadain do donastar do □□□□ choaid o us 2 annus post adventum. maccaibh [LG §495cM, 498] Milead Crutneacan mac Loicit meic Cingi la

Breatnu. Fortreann do cat fri Saxanu 7 ro selaigh a claideb tir doib .i. Cruthentuait

7 taras air occaib act ni rabatar mna acca ar atbat bantroct Alban. Do

1 Read: hErinn. 2 MS: Teah. [ 8 ] 6-Apr-18 MS Brussels, Bibliothèque Royale 5301-20 pp. 97–161

5 9 [105]

Dolluid didiu for a cúlu dochum mac Miled [LG §495cM]

Crutnecán 7 ro gáid nem 7 talam

7 esca, druct 7 datin, muir 7 Tir, be do mat riu flait forru co Gildas ergo do ait esse ductas. brat 7 beart di mnai dec forcraidi do lotar la tascur mac Miled in hErinn ar ro bata a fir isind fairge tiar immaille la Dond Conid do feraibh hErenn flait for Crutentuait do gres o sein.

[blank line]

KKK Isin trias bliadna iarum cat itir dá mac [LG §471am, 476b, 484c] Miledh for Tenus im□□1 magib hUa Foilge im cosnamh Dromma Classaich hi crich Maine

7 Dromma Betic hi Moenmaigh 7 Droma Fingin la Mumain ar at□rtige2 bá tir Ferr Drommaib hErenn □□baid didiu in cat

for hEaber 7 marbthair hé and 7 Seatga

7 Suirge 7 Sobairce 7 Goiscen 7 ferta

ar rig orbba 7 ro cresa a ferta 7 anaib Enda in fili:-

K. Dia bliadain do cer Caicer la Amargen nGluin- [LG §474a, 477b, 486c]

geal hi cat Cuilo caicer Caicir 7 focres [FM 3502.4] a fert and.

1 Read: im dibh, cf. LG v 166 §484 (rec. C). 2 Read: a tortig, cf. LG v 154 §471 (L Min). [ 9 ] 6-Apr-18 MS Brussels, Bibliothèque Royale 5301-20 pp. 97–161

KK· In bliadan iarsein do cer Amargein Gluingel [LG §474am, 477b, 486c]

hi cat Bile Tened hi culaib Breg la hEre- [FM 3503.2-3]

mon 7 ro madmesttatar noi mBrosnaca [AI §47]

tire hEle fo thír 7 teora hUinnsinn vel .iii. 7 noi Righi.

Crotopus rexit Argos annis ·xxi· [CH AA 512]

Ceres rexit Aegyptios annis ·xv· [CH AA 514]

In tres bliadain iarsin do cer Fulmán [LG §473am, 478b, 487c]

7 Mantan hi cat Breguin hi Femiun [cf. FM 3506.2]

1 la hEremon 7 seact loc tomadmand fo tir nErend .i. Loc Cimbi, Loc mBoadaich, Loc mBaigi, Loc F[inn]maigi, Loc nGraine Loch R[iac]h, Loc da Chaech.

K In bliadain do dunastar do cear Eatan 7 [LG §473am, 478b, 487c]

Etín hi cath Comruire Mide la hEremón [cf. FM 3510.1]

7 focresa a ferta.

Amphicteon rexit Athenienses [CH AA 520] annis ·x· vel uii· ut alij dicunt.

KKK· Dia thri mbliadna iarsin atbath hEremon [LG §475am, 479b, 489c]

mac Milead in Arggatros 7 focres a [cf. FM 3516.1-3517.1]

fert and 7 randsait a tri meicc [AI §41, 68]

.i. Muimne 7 Luigne 7 Laigne dia héis

1 LG: ocht; Loch Rein omitted here. [ 10 ] 6-Apr-18 MS Brussels, Bibliothèque Royale 5301-20 pp. 97–161

11 6 [107]

dia héis hErind hi trí 7 res ngabsat

Friga ri tré. Gabais dia reisid a n-osar [LG §501, cf. FM 3529.2]

hIriel mac hEremoin 7 ro sleacta da mag deacc leis .i. Mag nInis la Ultu, Mag Mide, Mag Combuir la hU Mac hUais, Magh Luriga la Ciann- vel a act Glinne Gemin, Mag Teact la hU Mac hUais, Fearnmag la hU Cremtainn, Mug Coba la Dál nAraide, Mag Cumai la hU Neil, Mag Foitne lasna Airtera, Mag Rechet la hU Failge, Mag Cuile Feda,

Mag Réta 7 Mag nAirbreach la Fotarta 7 ro classa uii righrata la Iriel Faith .i. Rait vel Semniu ut alij Cimbaith oc Emuin Macha 7 Rait Croicni

1 hi Mag Rigius 7 Rait Baogail hi Latarnu

7 Rait Cuinceta hi Seimniu 7 Rait

Moidigh in Ecarpuit 7 Rait Burig ar Slech-

taibh 7 Raith Lochit hi nGlascarn 7 do

maidm nEitne fo thir 7 do maidm Frega- buil etir diabul Dal nAraide.

In hoc anno Lacedemonia condita est a La- [CH AA 530] cedaemone filii Semellae in regione Grecorum

1 Reading uncertain: Raith Bachair, LG v 188 §501 (rec. A); Raith Bachaill, 190 (rec. B), 192 (rec. C). [ 11 ] 6-Apr-18 MS Brussels, Bibliothèque Royale 5301-20 pp. 97–161

K· Trí Findai 7 tri Comgnai a tomaidm [LG §501] fo tír.

K· Cath Arda Fidmaith hi Tethbu hi torcair [LG §501] Seirde mac Dub meic Fómoir meic Iriul

Fátha 7 cath Tendmaige ria nIuriul for Fomore hi torocair Eachda Eachcend

rí Fomóri 7 co torchair íartain la Rotech- [cf. LG §512-3 part missing?]

taid mac Moen meic Oengusa Olmuicaid hi Maig [cf. LG §551bis] K· Roigne. Gabais iarum Rotectaid rige nEirenn condarbalt fo ceatóir didiu iarsin ro gab Eaca Fiadnuise de sil Eandai Airgtic rige nErenn.

K· Conearbalt iartain gabais iar Sirne mac [cf. LG §525, FM 4169.1]

Deamail meic Rotectada rige nErenn 7 fich cat nAircealtra la hU Neil fora Ernu

7 már lin 7 for cland nEbir. Isin aimsir

ro madmaid Nith Néamannach fo tír im [cf. AI §120, FM 4169.2]

Maigh Muirthemne 7 ro memdatar hi

Críc Ros Oenoub 7 Duailt 7 Scirdeach

la Laegniu 7 Leamuin la Mumain 7 Slaine la hU Creatainn1. Is he ro fic cet

2 sleibe airbreach fri Ernu 7 In Arther 7 fri

Claind nEbir 7 cat Cind Dúin ar Assul friu

1 Read: Creamtainn. 2 MS: Ín Arther, the diagonal stroke above the ‘I’ apparently made to avoid reading ‘M’. [ 12 ] 6-Apr-18 MS Brussels, Bibliothèque Royale 5301-20 pp. 97–161

13 7 [109]

7 cath Móna Foichnich la hU Foilge.

Incipe hic Imusteclansat fir hErenn iarum do cath fri cum scribes Lugar mac Lugroith di cloind hEbir. Is he Louanium [cf. LG §525 Cath x cat Móna Trogdei la Ciannact insin. Mona Trogaide] Ambatar iarum oc immarlúth an catha to- fuirmi tam forru derbaltatar sloigh vel troguin fer nErenn de is hi in bé trogdai insin is de asberar trog aided-so. Bit annad luid dib Ernbas berta in duine ba im Moríga

cona lin:- Gabais iarum rige nErenn Gialcath [cf. LG §529] mac Coilcloan meicc Sirni. Gabais dia

he-side Echa Abtach de Sil hEbir las ndearnta [cf. LG §5321]

sceidh humai do Gaodealaib. Gabais dia hesi- [cf. LG §530] side Nuadu Find Fail mac Gialcata de Síl hEreamoin hErenn uili. Soct iarum for clanda

? hEbir 7 hEreamóin cen rige fri re sect

sect ndine .i. o aimsir Nuadat Find Fáil [cf. LG §551bis] co aimsir nEacach Buadaic atair Ugaine vel Sil Reach ut alij Móir conddat Clanda hIr meicc Milead2 .i. Ulaid rosgabsat fri sin re-sin. Rosgab iarum Eachu Buadach de Sil hEareamoin ocus

1 LG v §530c p. 249: ‘Scholars reckon that Eochaid Apthach of the seed of Éber took it, and by him were made silver or brazen shields for the Gáedil (sceith airgdide no umaide do Gaeidelaib) ... And although scholars reckon Eochaid Apthach as before Nuadu, it is after Bres that he comes, after a long time, as it is said’. 2 In the MS the words ‘hIr meicc Milead’ are all displaced downwards, suggesting that O’Conor’s transcription of the gloss ‘vel Sil Reach ut alij’ was done contemporaneously. [ 13 ] 6-Apr-18 MS Brussels, Bibliothèque Royale 5301-20 pp. 97–161

14 [110]

ocus a mac .i. Ugaine Mór 7 a mac side .i. Cobtach Coil [cf. LG §556]

Breag. Gabais dano Melge mac Cobthaig dia namm- [cf. LG §558] nigter Loc Meilge. Gabsait iarsein Laighin

fri re sect ndine .i. go re Aongusa [cf. LG §568] .i. is c□□ua rosgabsat Laigin 7 Tuirbic. Gabais cach □□ hi coitchiund iarsin fri re Ulaid 7 Mumhain 7 Sil nOengusa Tuirbich deich ndine .i. o Oengus Tuirbech co Ecaich Feidleach mac Find. O Eacach imorro co Loegaire mac Neil i thuati ro gabsat Arnach Aird act Sil nEcach Feidlich feissin. O Loegaire mac Neil imorro co Brian mac Ceinneitich didiu Mumain ni ais redet liubuir airissi nech dia gabhail iar creitim etir acht Sil Neil Noigiallaich núma cenmota

Ailill Molt mac Nathí de Connachtaibh 7 Nathí de Ultaibh feissin. Ciat berat Ulaid Cairell mac Muiredaigh

dia gabail 7 Baetán a mac 7 Fiachna mac

Baetain de Dail Araide. 4 sub vingentem K. × 5 K.usque ad Coímh usque ad mortem Aaron est mortem Moysis Cermait mac In Dagdai a bán Gobainn prořelo1 vide si unus annus inter mortem Ureigus ? regulatus interijt. A quo Cú Chulainn ortus et statim in se- quenti anno numerantur a est. Inter mortuem Josue et hunc annum 70 Interpretebus 2069 13 K· vide si totius anni 2006 2609 In hoc Vide si verum sit quod ab initio mundi ad 1us annum ducatus Josue anni sunt 2494 et ab initio mundi ad diluuium 1656 et ab inde ad Abram 292 etcetera.

1 Perhaps ‘pro regulato’ is meant, see line 18. [ 14 ] 6-Apr-18 MS Brussels, Bibliothèque Royale 5301-20 pp. 97–161

15 8 [111] A morte Josue ad hunc annum In hoc anno secundum quosdam tomaidim [AI §47, cf. AR 10.3-4] 21 K numerantur noi mBrosnach Tíre hEle 7 teora nUinnsen

7 teora Rige. A precedenti anno ad hunc 22 K Ro rannad hÉriu hi trí etir trí [AI §50] maccu Cermata meic In Dagdai .i. Mac Cuill, Mac Cect, Mac Greni.

Hoc anno tomaidim Sire 7 Eucrai [AI §88] fa Éle.

[blank line] vel 930 Finit 3a aetas quae continet annos 942 [AI §89.2]

ut Poaeta ait. O Abram co Dauid is derb [AB §45 marg.]

cenosriagla dá bliadna da ficet ar dcccc [cf. AI §89.3] bliadna. O Adam co ragbad Dauid inna rige is xc de bliadnaib oct cet is da míle.

Quarta mundi aetas quae continent [AI §89.4]

annos 473· ut Poaeta ait O Dauid [AB §45 marg.] co rucad in Popul in doere lxx trí bliadna cetri cet cen soebe. O Adam co derach don Phopul a tíre .iii. bliadna lx·ccc is tri míle.

[ 15 ] 6-Apr-18 MS Brussels, Bibliothèque Royale 5301-20 pp. 97–161

16 [112] Inter urbem Samos Conditam et hunc In hoc tempore tomaidim Dabuill 7 [AI §99, 101] annum □□□K□□ 3·K· Kalne 7 Fubna fo tír ut alij [LG §505, 507] aiunt. In hoc tempore tomaidim Locha hEirne ut alij. [LG §509, AI §109] Inter hunc annum et sequentem annum In hoc tempore ut alij dicunt tomaidim Capis Sybilij octaui Latinorum 5 K· Locha Iern 7 Loc hUair 7 Loch Cé 7 Loch [AI §105–6]

Allinne 7 Loch Feabuil 7 Loc Gobuir 7 [LG §505] Dublocha Ardda Ciannachta.

[blank line – lacuna c. BC 948–AD 335.1 ]

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[336 – AT/CS/AU/AI] Patricius nunc natus.2 Sequenti anno Constans Arianus effectus catholicos persequitur [337 – AT]

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[352 – AT/CS/AU/AI /AB] Patricius in Hibernam ductus. Sequenti

[353 – AT] anno Constantinus Romam ingreditur.

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[358 – CS/AU/AI/AB] Patricius a captiuitate liberator

[HAP 7.30] solutus per Angelum et anno quo Iulianus aduersus Parthos bellum parans Christianorum sanguinem dijs suis uouit etcetera.

1 Capis Silvius 1 = Asa 13 = AM 3003 = 949 BC, and P. natus = AD 336 in AT/CS. Given this large range and its epochal endpoint, cf. CS 14b, and that AR 17.1–21.22 covering AD 158–251 all fall within it, this particular lacuna cannot reflect a lacuna of extent c. 948 BC–AD 335 in Historia Cantwelii. It suggests rather that the Patrician and world-history entries in AR16.13–21 were on a detached folio that had been re-inserted anachronistically, perhaps as a consequence of dismemberement of the MS. 2 These three Patrician entries and their world-history marginalia belong immediately before AR 21.23 q.v. [ 16 ] 6-Apr-18 MS Brussels, Bibliothèque Royale 5301-20 pp. 97–161

Appoplixia ·i· sceith fola 17 9 [160 – AT, HAP [113] 7.25]

Anno Domini Tuatal Techtmar occisus est la Mael mac Rochride [158 –AT/AU1] 157 la rig nUladh oc Lindi in Goband in Dail Araide.

Feidilmid Rec□□id Rechtaid mac Tuathail Techtmair [159 – AT/AU/AI] 158 regnavit annis ∙ix∙ qui Loch Laigh subintrauit vel Feirb. duobus annis Breasal mac Briun regnauit in Emain annis ·xix· [161 – AT/AU] post Policar- pus fecit martyrium. cuius coniunx Mór issí athbath dia comad [161 – AT] a qua nominatur Raith Mór Maige Line.

×sequenti anno ×Cathaer cecidit la Lui Luaigniu. [166 – AT/AU] post exortam heresum cathaficarum [164 – AT] sequenti annis circiter Cond Cethcatach regnauit in Temoria annis ·xx· [167 – AT/AU/AI] duo K ponuntur a precedenti Ro rannad hEriu in de da ond At Cliath [169 – AT/AU/AI]

co alaile etir Cond Cedcatach 7 Mog Nuadat. Cui nomen Eogan Toid- leach a quo Eoganact nominatur.

Anno Domini 172 O feraibh Muman rige cac la fect [172 – AT/AU/AI] co tainic Cond tre sect rig namma [cf. LG §597cm] de Cruitnibh ro follamnigset hErinn.

co duo ponuntur v Tipraite Tireach regnauit in Eamain annis 30. [180 – AT/AU/AB] K post mortem Marci Antonii C6.ond occidit Mog Nuadat im Maigh Léna. [184 – AT/AU /AB] dia mairt 6.2 4 K· post. l Cond Cedcatach occisus est hi Tuait Amrois [186 – AT/AU /AB]

l 3 2 K· post. la Tipraite Tireach rig nUladh vel in Irrus Domnand ut alij aiunt

1 AR here reverts to AD 158 (Tuathal’s obit in AT, cf. Aurelius’ obit at AD 160 in AT/AI), so that the actual lacuna in Historia Cantwelii was c. 949 BC–AD 157. This interval corresponds remarkably closely with the range of Rawl. B 502 which is c. 769 BC– AD 141, particularly at its later boundary; in fact Tuathal Techtmar’s obit is the very first Irish entry in Rawl. B 488 after B 502 truncates. Thus Historia Cantwelii appears to have been approximately the Clonmacnoise chronicle minus Rawl. B 502. 2 This refers to the superscript ‘6.’ in line 18. 3 This refers to the superscript ‘l’ prefixed to ‘Cond’ in line 19. [ 17 ] 6-Apr-18 MS Brussels, Bibliothèque Royale 5301-20 pp. 97–161

18 [114]

uno? K post Art Oenfer regnauit annis xxxii. Ecaid Find [187 – AT/AU/AI/AB] Fuath Airt otaat Fotairt do tect hi Laignibh. obiit eo anno quo mortuus est Ogma mac Fiatach Find regnauit in Eamain [210 – AT/AU/AB1] anno Domini 2112 annis ·xii·

duobus annis post. Cath Cind Feabrat ria maccaib aill□ [212 – AT/AU/AB] et conter? hoc proelium Ailealla Aulum 7 riasna tri Coirbribh incidit 8. 2133 .i. ria maccaibh Conaire mac Moga Lama for

Luighdaich Mac Con 7 for deisceart nEirend do hi torcair Nemed mac Sroibchind ri hErend ocus Dodera Darinne. Do cer didiu Dodeara la Eogan mac □□□□

Ailealla 7 do cer Nemed la Coirbri Rigfota. et hoc in 2184 5 annis post. Cath Maige Mucrama ria Lugdaich Mac Con [218 – AT/AU/AI/AB] du hi torcair Art Oenfer mac Cuind Cetcathaig

7 sect meicc Ailella Oluimm. Lugaid Lága ro bi Art hi Terloc Airt. Beinne Brit imorro ro bi Eogan mac Ailealla. Alij aiunt Lugaid post hoc bellum in Teamoria regnasse anni ·7· vel 30 ut alij aiunt. Cormac Ulfota hua Cuind regnauit annis □□□ 42.

1 Note that none of AT/AU/AI/AB have any Irish entries between Eochaid Find’s obit and Ogma’s regnal incipit, so that there is no lacuna in Historia Cantwelii implied here, but rather omission of non-Irish entries by O’Conor. 2 Cf. Bede, HE i.5 and v.24. 3 Cf. Mc Carthy, ‘Chronological synchronisation’, s.a. 212. 4 Cf. Mc Carthy, ‘Chronological synchronisation’, s.a. 218. [ 18 ] 6-Apr-18 MS Brussels, Bibliothèque Royale 5301-20 pp. 97–161

109 [115] Dum Dionisius Aengus Goibnend mac Fergusa regnauit in 1. episcopus est Alexandriae. Emain [222 – AT/AU /AB] annis ·15· Dum Origenes clarus letetur Cat Granaird ria Cormac huu Chuind [226 – AT/AU] for Ultu. Cat in hEu for Conachta. Cat in Eth. Cat Cind Daire. Cat Srutra for Ultu. Cat

Slige Cuailnge. Cat Ata Beatach. Cat [227 – AT/AU]

Rata Dumai. Cat Cuile Tocuir. [228 – AT/AU]

[blank line – lacuna AD 229–301]

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1 AT 228–32 and AU §77–80 both register approximately sixteen battles at this point, which entries would approximately fill these thirteen blank lines. Hence again this lacuna does not seem to imply a corresponding lacuna in Historia Cantwelii but rather that O'Conor simply deferred transcription of these entries. [ 19 ] 6-Apr-18 MS Brussels, Bibliothèque Royale 5301-20 pp. 97–161

20 [116]

Circiter 229 Orggain inna n-ingen isin Cloenferta hi [231 – AT/AU] Temraic la Dúnlaing mac Endai Niad rig Laigen

.i. trica rigingen 7 cét n-ingen la cach n-ingin dib tricha ar tricait ceat uile. Di rig déc ro bi Cormac iarum do Laignibh ar galaib oenfir

7 fonaidm inna boramha cona tormuc lais.

anno sequenti Cormacc hua Cuind do haitriogad o Ultaib. [232 – AT/AU /AB]

4 ab mile K· Fiacha Araide regnauit in Emain annis ∙x∙ [237 – AT/AU]

sequenti anno Bellum oc Focaird Muirtemne memaid [238 – AT/AU /AI/AB]

ria Cormac hua Cuind 7 ria Fiachaich Mulleatan righ Muman for Cruitniu

7 for Fiachaic nAraide ubi et ipse cecidit ut alij aiunt. Post 4m Phylippi annum. et 1000 Fegus Fergus Duibdeatach regnauit in Emain [247 – AT/AU] a condita urbe. Maice Cum duobus fratribus .i. Fergus Folt-

leabair 7 Fergus Caisfiachlach qui Bot fo forte 24 [O’Sheeran] Brega dicebatur regnauit annis 4.

Anno sequenti Tesbaid Cormaicc hui Cuind fri re [249 – AT/AU] seact mís.

Anno sequenti Atrigadh Chormaicc o hUltaibh. [250 – AT/AU]

[ 20 ] 6-Apr-18 MS Brussels, Bibliothèque Royale 5301-20 pp. 97–161

[117] 121

? Primo regulatam Cat Crinda Breg riu Cormac hu Cuind 7 ria [250 – AT/AU] Tadg mac Céin meic Ailealla Auluim cona tricait

righ 7 cona coicait catmiled 7 cona sluag diairmide

olcena 7 ria Lugaid Laga mac Moga Nuadat for Ultu dú hi torcratar na tri Ferguis .i. Fergus Dubh-

deatach 7 Fergus Foltleabor 7 Fergus Cuisfiaclach forsin d’oencloich la Lugdaich Lagha co tug lais a trí cinnu corasta i seilb do Cormac in eraicc

a Atar .i. Airt meic Cuind ro marb-som hi cath [AU §92 truncates]

Maige Muccramha 7 ro bris Tadg seact [AT 250 continues] cata isind oenlo-sin for Ulta .i. cat Crinda, cat Rata Cró. cat Argatrois. cat Conaich, cat Síthbe, cat Dromma Fuait, cat Cairrcce. Is as na catha-sa tra tugadh do Tadg anni ro timceall a carput de a Maigh Breg o ro meabaid in cait co aidce. Iss ed didiu tarimcell tricait cet toib Dromma in Asclainn. Ciannachta .i. a Glais Nera co Cnuccu Máile1 Doaid huas Aluind Life.

Anno sequenti Rus mac Imcatha regnauit anno uno. [251 – AT/AU] vel ·1· 6 Sequenti anno 6 Oengus Find mac Fergusa Duibdeataich regnauit in Emuin annis 2. [251 – AT/AU ]

4206· ab Cat Crinda fre gabail ria Cormacc for Ulta [251 – AT/AU/AB]

urbe condito/ ubi cecidit Oengus Find mac Fergusa Duibdeataic conair Ulad.

6 et? 1116 ab Eachu Mugmedon mortuus est. [362 – CS/AU 2] urbe 6 Creamtand mac Fidaich regnauit in Hibernia annis 5. [362 – CS/AU]

1 Corrected from ‘Máille’, the first ‘l’ is crossed out. 2 This lacuna here over AD 252–361 cannot accurately represent Historia Cantwelii since the Patrician and world-history entries of AR 16.13–21 belong immediately before Eachu Mugmedion’s obit here at AR 21.23. The marginal reference ‘6 sequentii anno’ at AR 21.20 appears to identify first Eachu’s death at AR 21.20 as the following year, and then subsequently, that ‘6’ having been cancelled, to identify Creamtand’s reign at AR 21.24 as the following year. Furthermore the marginal criteria AM 4206 = AD 255, and AUC 1116 = c. AD 369 by O’Conor suggest that he was aware of a discontinuity in the chronology here. [ 21 ] 6-Apr-18 MS Brussels, Bibliothèque Royale 5301-20 pp. 97–161

Niall Noigiallach regnauit annis ·27· [378 – CS/AU/AI/AB]

Niall Noigiallach mortuus est. [405 – CS/AB] de Conachtaibh Nathi mac Fiacrach regnauit annis ·23· [406 – CS/AI]

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Britanni Scottorum Pictorumque [CM §4731] infestionem non ferentes Romam mittunt et sui subiectione promissa contra hostem auxilia flagitant. Quibus statim missa legio magnam multitudi- nem Barbarorum sternit caeteros Brit- tanniae finibus repellit. Ac domum reuer- sura praecepit socijs ob arcendos hostes murum trans insulam inter duo maria statuere qui absque artifice magis cespite quam lapide factus nihil operantibus praefuit. Nam mox ut discessere Romam. aduectus

nauibus prior hostis quasi maturam segetem [CM §474] obuia quaeque sibi cedit calcat deuorat. Item petiti auxilia Romani aduolant et caesum hostem trans maria fugant. Coniunctisque sibi Britannis murum non terra ut ante

1 This passage is located in CM in the reign of Honorius, i.e. AM 4363–77 = AD 412–26. It is based on Gildas c. 15–17 and recounts Irish and Pictish attacks on Britain and hence provides a suitable preface to the arrival of Christianity in Ireland registered below at AR 23.14. [ 22 ] 6-Apr-18 MS Brussels, Bibliothèque Royale 5301-20 pp. 97–161

23 12 [119] antea puluereum sed saxo solidum inter ciuitates quae ibidem ob metum hostium fuerant factae amari usque ad mare collocant. Sed et in littore mendiano maris quia et inde hostis timebatur turres per interualla ad prospectum maris statuunt. Sic ualedicunt socijs tanquam ultra non reuersuri.

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Ad Scottos in Christum credentes ordinatus [431 – AU/AI, CM §4822] a Papa Caelestino Palladius 1us Episcopus mittitur Anno Theotosi 8· Ab incarnatione Domini ad hunc annum

432 anni sunt. A morte uero Conchaulaind [432 – CS/AI] herois 431· vel 434· A morte quoque Concubair mac Nessa 412 anni sunt. [432 – CS/AI]

1 Laoghaire’s regnal incipit (CS 429, AI §387, AB §143) is omitted here, and possibly also the explicit to the Rufinus’ world- chronicle found at AI §344 (‘Nunc finit ...’), since these two with a total word count of about twenty words would just occupy these five blank lines. Again it suggests that O'Conor was simply deferring the transcription of these items. 2 This copy of CM §482 and the other excerpts from Bede’s CM at AR 22.5–23.8, 26.1–8, 32.12–13, 36.17–18 show that Historia Cantwelii had, just like Rawl. B 502, addimenta from Bede's CM, cf. Mc Carthy, Irish Annals, 22. [ 23 ] 6-Apr-18 MS Brussels, Bibliothèque Royale 5301-20 pp. 97–161

24 [120]

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[blank line] Patricius

1 These blank lines preceding his catch-word ‘Patricius’ suggest that O’Conor was deferring transcription of some pre-Patrician items. [ 24 ] 6-Apr-18 MS Brussels, Bibliothèque Royale 5301-20 pp. 97–161

25 13 1 Annales Roscreenses [121]

Patricius Archiepiscopus in Hiber [432] niam venit atque Scottos baptizare inchoat. Nono Anno Theodosi minoris et 1o anno episcopatus Xisti xlii. episcopis Romanae Ecclesiae in 4 anno regni Loegaire.

Prima Indictio [433] uel in Cetna brat saxan a Here [434]

Primus annus decimo Cycli Cyrilli inchoat [437]

c Findbarr m . huí Bardeni 7 a mc. Ab adventu Patrici ad hunc annum 6 Secundinus et Auxilius et Hesser [438] K. ponuntur qui ninus mittuntur ad Hiberneses videntur per adiunctas act ni ro gabsat aireac[h]as na figuras computa[n]di 26 anni auctarás i rré Patraic nammá.

Seanc[h]as mor do sgriobadh san [438] bliadainse.

Precedenti viium K. Natiuitas sanctae Brigidae dia cetaine [439] quod facit 27 in octmaid huat[h]aid esca Februarii. dia cet aine ro gabh caille co [n]oct nogaibh in xvii

dia cetaine dano in xxvii quieuit. Hec [O’Sheerin] moritur 521 Horm. Papa Just. Imp. 4 secundum Gordonum [522] 440 2 80 520

1 This title in double-sized letters was added by O’Conor after he had transcribed p. 25, using the same brown ink with which he struck out the same title and added ‘Adversaria rerum ... D. Cantwelij’at AR 1.0–1. He also used the same ink to strike out his foliation ‘13’ and to insert his pagination‘25’. 2 MS has a vertical stroke to the left of ‘440’, similar to the three underscores and apparently all intended for emphasis; O’Sheerin has a similar marginal computation in his index at p. 211. His computation of the year of Brigit’s obit at 520 appears to have prompted his anachronistic insertion here of the the obit of pope Hormista, which he subsequently cancelled. [ 25 ] 6-Apr-18 MS Brussels, Bibliothèque Royale 5301-20 pp. 97–161

26 [122] Sequenti K. A Brittannia recedente Romano [CM§483] Cassianus obijt quod facit 29 exercitu cognita Scotti Pictique redditus reditus de negatione redeunt ipsi et totam Insulam ab Aquilone pro indigenis muro tenus capessunt. Nec mora caessis captis fatigatisque hostibus custodibus muri ipso etiam interrupto etiam intra illum crudelis predo grassatur. et hic moritur Maine m. Neil moritur. [440] □ Sub seqti K. quod Mortalitas magna .i. in Crom Conaill [550] in qua isti sancti pausauerunt, .i.

Finnia m. hui Telluib 7 Columb m. Cremt[h]ainn

7 Columb Innsi Cealtra 7 Sinc[h]ell m. Ceana

c = nnain ab Cille Ac[h]aidh Drummuta, 7 M Tail Chille Cuilind qui nominatur Eogan m. Corcrai[n]. Sub seqti K. quod facit 38. Bellum Cuilne in quo ceciderunt [551] Corc[o] Ochae Muman per orationem Mite Cluana Creadal.

Mors Fothaid m. Conailill. [551]

Mors Eac[h]ac[h] m. Condlaed rig Uladh, a quo hui Eac[h]ach [552] Sub seqti K. quod facit 40 Corm[a]c mc Oililla ri Laigen, ec. Uladh nominati sunt. [552]

[ 26 ] 6-Apr-18 MS Brussels, Bibliothèque Royale 5301-20 pp. 97–161

271 [123] 14

Eodem anno Mors Bicc mc. Dé prophetae. [552] Quat Mag. hoc cum precedti referent mor Eodem etiam anno Mors Creamt[h]aind mc. Briuin [552] tem Crimthanni .i. in hunc mundum huius ad 5472 Sub seqti K. quod Natiuitas Mo-Lua mc. hui Óche. [553] facit 43 Pestis quae vocatur Samthrusc. [553] Hanc referent Quat Mag’ri ad an. Xpi Seqti sub K. 45 Cat[h]bat[h] m. Fergusa episcopus Ac[h]aid Cuin 548, Dermitie R. 10.3 centesimo .1. anno aetatis suae obiit. [554] 51 Sub seqti K. Pelagius Papa natione Romanus sedit annis xi diebus 8. eodem cum precedti Gen Coemain Leith. [554]

58 Seqti sub K. Aod mc. Eachach r[i] Conacht ann. [556]

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Nissan leprosus pausat. [556]

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Iugulatio Colmain Moir mc. Diarmata [557]

59 sub seqti K. in curru suo o Dub Sloit huu Trena.

Ecclesia Beannchoir fundata est. [557]

□□ sub seqti K.4 Breanuind ecclesiam Cluana Ferta fundauit. [558]

Eodem anno Ascensio Breanuinn in curru suo in aere. [558]

66 sub seqti K. Cena postrema Temra la Diarmaitt mc. [559] Cearbuill.

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Brandanus floruit An. 560 iuxta Gordonum. [558]

1 Mc Carthy, Irish Annals, plate 6 reproduces this MS page 2 Cf. FM 547.3 (Criomthann). 3 Cf. FM 548.9 (mortladh dar bo h-ainm an Chron Chonaill), FM 548.1 (Diarmaitt). 4 The digits of O’Conor’s monotone series are pasted over and cannot be read, but ‘62’ is implied by the parallel series in AT. [ 27 ] 6-Apr-18 MS Brussels, Bibliothèque Royale 5301-20 pp. 97–161

28 [124]

Mors Gabrain m. Domangairt rig Alban. [559]

Tec[h]edh do Albanc[h]aibh ria mBruigdi m. [559]

Maolc[h]on righi Cruit[h]nech. lugulatio Cor [559] nain mc. Eachdach la Diarmait m. Cerbaill.

71 sub seqti K. Bellum Cuile Dremne for Diarmait mc. [560]

Cerbaill. Fergus 7 Domnall da mc. Mc. Erc[a]

7 Ainmere mc. Setnai 7 Nainid m.

Da-huach 7 Aed m. Ec[h]dach ri Conac[h]t vic tores erant per orationem Coluim Cille dicentis[:] A Dia ced nach dingbai in cia dús in ruirmis a lín in tsluaig do boing breata din. Sluagh do cing bg? timc[h]ell cairn is mc. Ainft[h]e nodas-mairn, is he mo drui nimm-era, mc. De is f[ri]m □□□□□ con-gena.

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[blank line] Columbanus Pictos conuertit 565. Beda Ioan? 6 Just? 381 Ardonus ?

1 Cf. Bede HE v.24 s.a. 565. [ 28 ] 6-Apr-18 MS Brussels, Bibliothèque Royale 5301-20 pp. 97–161

29 15 [125]

78 sub seqti K. Cat[h] Cuile Huinsenn hi Teathbhu for Diar [561] mait mc. Cerbaill rea nEad mc. Brean nduin1 rig Teat[h]bai in quo Diarmait fugit.

79 sub seqti Nauigatio Coluim Cille ad Insolam Iae 563 [562] anno aetatis suae 42o.

Eodem anno Cat[h] Mona Daire Lot[h]air for Cruit[h]niu rea nUibh [562] Neill in Tuaisceird hi torcratar .vii. rig Cruit[h]ni imm Aed mBreacc. Baettan mc. Cuind

condib Cruit[h]nibh nod-fich fri Cruit[h]ne 7 Cenel nEo

gain 7 Conaill nod-fic[h]set conducti mercede

na Lea 7 Ardda Eolairg, de quo Cend Faela cecinit Sinnsit2 fir i mmoin deirg

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Eodem anno Aedan hua Fiac[h]rach obijt. [562]

81 Anno seqti Mo-Laisse o Daminis obijt. [562]

Eodem Coirbri mc. Cormaic, ri Laigen, obijt. 564 [562]

1 MS ‘nduind’ with the final ‘d’ crossed out and the first ‘d’ suprascript with an insertion mark. 2 Or possibly ‘Sínsit’. [ 29 ] 6-Apr-18 MS Brussels, Bibliothèque Royale 5301-20 pp. 97–161

30 [126] 565 84 Hoc anno occisus est Totila Gothorum rex1 Colman Mór mc. Coirbri, ri Laigen, annis .xx. [563] Obitus 541 Vig. PP. Precep.2 Eodem anno Occisio Diarmada mc. Cearbaill i rRaith [563] Bicc o Aed Dub mc. Suibne Araide cui successerunt duo filii Meic Erca

.i. Fergus 7 Domnall. .i. Libán ingen Eac[h]ach mc. Eodem anno In hoc anno capta est in muirgeilt Muiredha [564] for trac[h]t Olorba i lin Beain mc. Inli. ut aliqui dicunt Eodem Quies Breanuind Birra [564]

88 Sub seqti K. Cat[h] Gabra Life for Laigniu. [565]

Eodem Bas Domnailll mc. Muirc[h]ertaich cui successit [565]

Ainmire m. Setnai. Mors Daimene [565] Coirbri 95 × Sub seqt K. m. Daim Argait. × Joannes Roma sedit annis 12 mensibus 11, diebus 26. t 102 Sub seq K. Feac[h]t in Iarndomon, .i. hi Soil 7 in Ili [566]

la Colmán mBeac mc. nDiarmata 7 la Conall mc. Comgaill ri Ulad.

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Sunt duo K. a precedt Oena mc. hui Laigsi ab Cluana M. Nois [569] obiit.

1 Cf. CM §522. 2 Vigilius was elected pope in 537 and died in 555. [ 30 ] 6-Apr-18 MS Brussels, Bibliothèque Royale 5301-20 pp. 97–161

31 16 [127]

Eodem Ite Cluana Credal. Gillas. Vide S Gildas qui [569] Sub seqti cum floruit 581. fig. 5 A morte Patricii centum anni. [570] Occisio da hua Muireadaig, .i. Betan [571]

meicc Muirc[her]taig 7 Ec[h]tach Finn mc Domnaill 3° anno regni sui. Cronán mc. Tigernaich, ri Ciannac[h]ta, occisor eorum fuit.

Eodem anno Moenu episcopus Cluana Ferta Brenaind. [570] Cath Femin ria Cormac mc. Cremt[h]ainn † Coirbri in ti Sub seq cum 6 Annal. [572] Dungall. 5711 mc. Diarmada sed ipse euasit.

Sub eodem Brénuind Birra dormiuit. [572]

Sub eodem Cat[h] Talo 7 Fortalo, .i. nomina camporum Q. Mag. [572] 571 2 eter Ele 7 Osraige eter Cluain Ferta Mo

Lua 7 Saiger. Fiac[h]na mc. Beatáin victor erat.

Sub seqti cum 7 Bas Conaill mc. Comgaill rig Dal Riadai Q. Mag. [573] 5723 16° anno regni sui qui offerebat insulam Iae Columbae Cille.

Sub seqti cum 2 Brenuind mc. Briuin obiit. [574]

1 Cf. FM 571.3 (Cath Femhin). 2 Cf. FM 571.2 (Cath Tola). 3 Cf. FM 572.3 (Conall ... do écc). [ 31 ] 6-Apr-18 MS Brussels, Bibliothèque Royale 5301-20 pp. 97–161

32 [128]

Sub seqti cum 3 Quies Brenuind Cluana Ferta. [575]

Sub eodem Iugulatio Eada mc. Eac[h]ach Tirmc[h]arna [575]

le hUa Briuin. Primum periculum Uladh [575] in Eumania.

Sub seqti cum 4. × Quies escoip Etchen Cluana Fota [576]

Baitan Aba. Reuersio Ulad de Euman[ia]. [576]

Sub seqti cum 5. × Quies Vinniani episcopi nepotis Fiatach. [577] Benedictus natione Romanus sedit an. 4, Benedictus sanctus creatus mense uno, d. 29. [577] est 573 [blank]

Baitan m. Cairill rig Uladh obiit. [579] Pelagius natione Romanus sedit annis 10 mensibus 6, diebus 10. [581] 4558 Gregorius 18 an. Mauricii, Ind 4 Gregorius Ecclesiae doctor anno imperii Mauricii 13, Ind. 14 episcopo1 synodum congregat et Augustinum ad Anglos mittit2 [582]

× eodem anno et hoc ×Quies Fergusa epscop Let[h]glaise2 qui fundaui[t] [582] Cill mBian.

Sub seqti K. cum .vi. Quies Mc. Nisse abbatis Cluana Mc. Nois □□□ [583] xvi° anno.

Sub seqti K. cum 7. Occisio Baetain mc. Nindeda mc. Duach [584]

an. 566 73 mc. Conuill Gulban rig Temrach.

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Predicta de Gregorio confria?. Bedae Ann. Dni. 596, Greg. 7.4

1 Cf. CM §532 s.a. AM 4558 ‘Gregorius XVIII anno Mauricii, indictione IIII, scribens Augustino Londoniae’. 2 Cf. CM §530–1 (Gregorius …synodum … missis Brittaniam Augustino). 3 Cf. FM 567.1 (Baodan). 4 Cf. Bede, HE v.24 s.a. 596. [ 32 ] 6-Apr-18 MS Brussels, Bibliothèque Royale 5301-20 pp. 97–161

33 17 [129]

eodem hic Cumini mc. Colmain 7 Cumin mc [584] Librein m. Illadon mc. Cerbaill occiderunt eum consilio Colmain Parui oc Leim an Eich

Initium regni Eada mc. Ainmerech. [584]

Bellum Beallaig Daetae in quo cecidit [585]

Sub seqti cum .i. Colman Beacc mc. Diarmada. Aod mc

5861 Ainmereach victor erat. Daig mc [585] Cairill obiit.

587 Quies Cairlain epscoip Aird Macha. [586]

Quies Senaigh epscoip Cluana Irraird. [586]

Iugulatio Aeda Nigri meic Suibni Airaid [586]

Sub seq. cum 3 qui interfecit Diarmaid mc. Cerbaill

Dormitatio Nathchoinn. [586]

Quies Epscoip Aeda mc. Briec, 7 Aed mc [587] Sub seqti K. cum 4 Breanaind righ Tet[h]bae ad-ropairt Dearmach do Colum Cille Codex geun ?2 Dauid Cille Muine. S. David Eodem Meneveni [587] Sub s. K. cum 5 Mors Féidleimt[h]e mc. Tigernaich rig Muman. [588]

1 A vertical line passes through both ‘586’ and ‘587’ as far as line 11, but it does not correspond with other cancellations in this MS, nor appear that this was the intention here. Neither AD corresponds with FM entries but cf. AU 586.1–2 ‘Aedh m. Ainmireach victor erat. Daigh m. Cairill obiit’, and AU 587.1 ‘Quies Cairlaen espoic Ard Macha’. 2 Perhaps ‘gellu’? [ 33 ] 6-Apr-18 MS Brussels, Bibliothèque Royale 5301-20 pp. 97–161

34 [130]

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Sub eodem Natiuitas Cuimmini Fota. [588] .i.Mo-Luoa Sub eodem Obitus Lugaid Liss Moir. [590]

[blank] Gregorius natione Romanus ex patre Gordiano sedit aim. 13, m. 2 diebus 10 [591]

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S. 2 K. cum 4 x Quies Coluimbe Cille in nocte Dominica Penth [593] Penthecoste, v° idus Iunii, anno peregri nationis suae 35, aetatis vero 77. Teora bliadna bai cen less Colum inna duib reacles; Luid co aingliu as a chacht iar shec[h]t mbliadnaigh sec[h]tmogat.

Sub eodem Brandubh mc. Eochach, ri Laigen. [593]

[ 34 ] 6-Apr-18 MS Brussels, Bibliothèque Royale 5301-20 pp. 97–161

35 18 [131] Quies Baethini abbatis Iae ann. 66 S. Sub 3 K. Baethenus [596] numero .i. abbas 2 Hiae

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Cat[h] Duin Bolg la Brandub mc. nEac[h]ach co [596] Laignibh hi iiii Id En. ubi cecidit Aed mc an. reg. sui 19, aetat. vero 46 Ainmereach ri Herend 7 Beacc mc. Cuanach ri Airgiall, et caeteri nobiles.

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Sub eodem Initium regni Colmain Rimeda 7 Aeda [596] Slaine simul.

Sub eodem Garban m. Enna ri Muman 7 Amalgaid a brat[h]air. [596]

Sub seq. K. cum 2 Ailet[h]ir, ab Cluana Mc. Nois pausat × [597]

Sub eodem Mors Gara□ Gartnaid regis Pictorum. [597]

Sub eodem Saxones fidem accipiunt. [597] Ac[h]aid Bó × K. seq. Quies Cainnic[h] noib qui 84 aetatis [598] et nu[me]rus 4. suae anno quieuit. Eodem anno Bellum Saxonum la Aedan ubi cecidit Eanfrit frater Etalfrith la Maol nUma mc. Baetain in quo Aedan victus erat. [598] Sinche Cluana Lethtengadh.

[ 35 ] 6-Apr-18 MS Brussels, Bibliothèque Royale 5301-20 pp. 97–161

36 [132] 60o Sub 2 K. cum 6. × Comgall ab Beanc[h]oir xc anno aetatis [600]

Cat[h] Cuile Coil. suae, principatus autem sui 50° et

Mors Fuatach mc. 3. mense 7 10° die, 6 idus Maii quieu[it]. Aeda Cath Sleamna in quo Colman Rimid, ri Ceineoil Eoghain

victor, 7 Conal[l] Cu mc. Aeda euasit fugitivus. [600] .i. Cluana Ednech Sub seq. K. cum 6. × Quies Fiontain filius nepotis Ec[h]dach [601]

Eodem anno × Sinell Maigi Bile episcopis. Hoc anno [601] Amalgaid mc. Enna, ri Muman, moritur et Fingen mc. Aeda Duib qui rex. an. 19. [601]

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Sub seq. K. cum 3. Leo ordinatur 43 Romae episcopus [441] Sed et ordinatus an. 440 a quo Patricius probatus est in fide Catholica et a caeteris episcopis Romae.

Sub 2° K. nu[mer]o 6. Patricius episcopus ardore fidei et [441] an. doctrina in nostra Prouincia floruit.

Sub 2 K. cum nu[mer]o 1. Nath I mc. Fiacrach Mag ind Fultaib moritur. [445] Sub seq. K. 3. Bellum Femin. Hoc anno mittitur epistola a Brita lac hiymis referta ad Rom. Etium ter consulem 23 Theod. [446] An. 430 anno . nec auxilium impetrat.7 Picti aquilona lem Insolae partem detinent. [446]

[ 36 ] 6-Apr-18 MS Brussels, Bibliothèque Royale 5301-20 pp. 97–161

37 19 [133]

Sub seq. K. Quies Secundini filii Restituti [447] 4. 75° anno aetatis suae, cuius mater Culmana Patricii soror.

[blank] Sub .2. K. cum 6. Teodosius 3. Picti et Scoti una [449]

nimiter? Brittanos persequuntur. [CM§483] ×4400 Incipit regnum + Hic pone infra. K.1. Valentiniani et Synodus Calcedonensis sexcentos triginta [451] Marciani qui 7 annis reg. episcopos habuit. Sub seq. K. cum 2. Cath roéniud ria Laogaire [453] × Hoc anno a Pone hic infra. mc. Neill. Fes Temhra re Saxonibus Dormitatio sti Senis Patricii episcopi Golsto Laogaire. [458] Brittania. mensis Ecclesiae. Domangort Mc. Niss quieuit; et sub seq. Be□□ [468] 44□? Leo regnat 17 4441 sub seqti K. Quies Benigni successoris Patricii et ponite sub 3 K. ab Hillarii [469] stus Patricius et sequente mors Isernini episcopi, cum 5. Papae morte [470]

Quies Doci sancti episcopi Brittonum eodem anno quo Leo mor [473]

Sub seq. Quies Brendainn eps Aird Macha eodem anno qa repertum est corpus [479] K. An. 485. B. Barnabae apostoli per reuelationem, et euangelium Matthei [CM§499] Sub 3 K. i. Mors Toca mc. Aedha mc. Senaig ri Cualand eodem anno quo Italiam occupauit Honoricus Vandalorum etiam [477] et exilium Arriani in Affricam. Sequenti anno Brittones ducebat Ambrosius Aurelianus et cetera

[blank] per Celestinum Missio Palladii SRE [431] diaconi an. 429, 6 Celest. 22 Theodosii

1 Pages 36–7 are part of a bifolium and the characters ‘×’, ‘K’, ‘×’, ‘44□ ?’, and ‘444’ in lines 7, 9 and 11 are all actually located in the very right-hand margin of p. 36; however, it appears clear that they were all intended to refer to entries on page 37 but were separated in the course of binding the bifolium. [ 37 ] 6-Apr-18 MS Brussels, Bibliothèque Royale 5301-20 pp. 97–161

378 [134] Mors Fiac[h]rach mc. Ciaráin mc. Ainmireach mc Setna, id est alius fundatoris Doire Calgaigh. Bellum Ceanngubai.

Senach Garbh, ab Cluana Ferta, moritur, et iugulatus Aongus mc. Colmain Moir rig Hua Neill. Eodem anno Fingin m. Fiac[h]rach Aonc[h]ride obiit. Hoc tempore constructa est ecclesia Toraige. Seanach Garb, ab Cluana Ferta Breanainn, obiit. Finit Esiodorus enumerare annos in Libellis Ethymologiarum

suum. Cath Cinn Deilgtin; ceciderunt duo filii Libren mc. Illaind Fergna Ab. Hiae uel in hoc anno quies Caemgin. Et sequent[i] anno † Obitus Fergnai, ab Iae. Quies M. Laisre abbatis Ardmachae. Eodem anno expugnatio Ratha Gualai re Fiachra m. mBaetain. Sub seqti K. cum 6. Colman Stellan obiit. Et mors Colmai Ronain m. Colmain.

Eodem anno Natiuitas Adamnani abbatis Iae.

ti Sub seq cum 7. Eadan m. Cummascaig 7 Colman m. Comgellan ad Dominum migrant. Baptisma Etuin

eodem m. Elli qui primus credidit in regionibus Iuxta Bedam et Chronol. Saxentia Eduinum vel baptizatum 6271 2 Saxonum.^ Cal Cat[h]al mc. Aodha, ri Muman, moritur.

eodem Maedoc Fernan moritur.

Sub seq. cum 1. Lachteni m. Torbeni, abb Achuid Huir, obiit. Fiac[h]na mac Baotain, rig Dal Araide, cecidit in cat[h] Let[h]it Midind in Druing a Fiac[h]na mc. Deama[in] victore rege Dal Fiatach; et sequenti anno visio Fursa ostensa est.

1 Cf. Bede, HE v.24 s.a. 627. 2 Insertion mark for ‘Iuxta Bedam …’ [ 38 ] 6-Apr-18 MS Brussels, Bibliothèque Royale 5301-20 pp. 97–161

39 20 [135] Hoc anno cat[h] Builg Luatha. .i. do Dal Bardaini Uladh Sub seqti K. 4. Pausa Columbani filii Bardani Abbatis Clua [630] Cluana. Hoc anno Domnall mc. Aoda regnat.

Hoc anno mors Dormitatio Fintain, Fiontain Maelduibh. Conaid Cirr 1° anno regni sui in bello Feda Euin. Mors Ailli righ Saxan. Mo-Baoi m. hui Aidai. Bas Moire Muman. [E]nan Droma quieuit eo anno quo cecidit Cremt[h]ann m. Eada rex Lagenorum.

Segenus Ab Segeni abb la ecclesiam Reachrann fundauit. eo anno quo Hie † contra Osboalt congregationem haerebant Saxones. Eachuid, abb Lis Móir, quievit. .i. Mundu Quies Fiontain filii Tealeain, 12 Kal.

Nouembris, 7 Ernaine m. Creasaini. .i. Mo C[h]utta m. Finail Sub seq. cum 5. Effugatio Carrthaig o Rathan in diebus Paschae. Domnall reg. Temoriam hoc anno ×Quies Mo-C[h]uda Rat[h]an hi 2 Id. Maii. Et mors Fai[l]be Flainn .i. do Corco Laigi don Chronan-sa rig Muman. ×Cronan mcu. Loegde abbas Cluana Muc Nois obit Bellum Glinne Mairisuin in quo familia Domnaill Bric in fugam versa est et obsessio Etain.

Obitus Mo-C[h]ua Balaei. 637 sec. Q. Mag.

Quies Critan i Noendruim, 7 Eada Duib abbatis moritur. Cille Dara antea regis Lageniae. Cuan m. Amalghaid ri [Muman] Da-Laise uel Mo-Laise mc. hu Imde abbas Let[h]glinne quieuit. Mors Aillealla mc. Aoda Roin. Hoc

tempore Theodorus Papa floruit. Sedit an. 641 obit an. 649

[ 39 ] 6-Apr-18 MS Brussels, Bibliothèque Royale 5301-20 pp. 97–161

21 40 [136] × 4620 Eodem. Bas Maoluidir Caoich × Sub seq. cum 6. Quies Dagain Inbir Daile. regis Orientalium In seq. mors Domnaill mc. Aoda regis Hib. 13. anno regni sui. 7 bas Bruide m. Foith. Hie dubitatur quis Quies Cronain episcopi Noindroma. & &. Ceallach 7 Conall regnauit post Domnaill regnare incipiunt. Sub sequenti K. Mo-C[h]oe Noindromma in Christo quieuit. Mac Laisre, ab Bennc[h]oir, quieuit; et Beda tunc natus est. Hoc tempore Martinus Papa floruit. Hoc tempore Martinus Papa floruit . × Quies Fursa in Perunna. Mo-C[h]oimoc Leit[h] Moir

moritur. Hoc anno guin Ragallaigh m. Huataich, ri Conac[ht]. Mors Cronain Muigi Bili. 6491 □□ Mors Cronain Maige Bili 7 Mo-C[h]eallo[c] mc. Glascall. Segenus ab. Hiae moritur. Sub seqti K. 650 Quies Edain episcopi Saxan. †

651 Obitus Segeni abbatis Iea, .i. filii Fiachna.

Sub seqti K. Quies Eadloga abbatis Cluana M. Nois.

648. Q. Mag.2 Dormitatio Manc[h]eni abbatis Mena Droc[h]ait. Vitalianus sedit an. 655 obitus Vitalianus Papa hoc tempore floruit. an. 664. Caimin Indsi Cealltra.

Sub eodem Ulta[n] m. o Conchubair 7 Fionnchu o Bri Goban[n] quieverunt.

Da-C[h]ua Luac[h]ra ab Ferna 7

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[blank] Col

1 Cf. FM 649.2 (Cronán ... d'écc). 2 Cf. FM 648.2 (Maincheni ... do écc). [ 40 ] 6-Apr-18 MS Brussels, Bibliothèque Royale 5301-20 pp. 97–161

41 22 [137]

Colman episcopus m. Tuatail Duib 7 Ossini Foto [654]

Sub eadem duo abbates Cluana Iraird obierunt.

K. Da-C[h]ua Luaqra ab Ferna quievit. [654]

× Fursa in Paruina i Francaib pausauit 652 [654] Athair Fursa, rad nglan ngle, Loic[h]in de Dail Araide Is si ba mathair dan mac Geilgheis ingen rig Connacht.

Mors [Maele] Aithc[h]en Tire da Glas, 7 Calcene Lot[h]ru. Hoc anno Panta rex Sub eadem × Quies Ultain m. hui Conchubair 5 non. 7bris. Quies Suibni m. Cuirtri ab Iae. occisus [656]

sub eadem Quies Con Cainne Cille Slebe. an. 6551 [656] Bas Ceallaigh m. Sarain abbatis Othna Moire. sub sequenti Mo-C[h]ua mc. Lonain quieuit †. [657]

Dimma Dub episcopus Conere 7 Cummini episcopus Naondromma [658]

7 Sillan episcopus Daminnsi 7 Dunchadh mc. Aoda Slaine mortui sunt. Hoc anno Flodobur rex Francorum obiit. 6592 Obitus Finain mc. Rimeda episcopi. Hoc anno guin Faelain [659] do Laignibh sub sequenti Colman Glin[n]e da Locha obiit. [et] Maedoc Ferna quieuit. [659]

Agus Daniel episcopus Cinn Garad. [659]

Toimini, abb-epscop Arda Machae, quieuit. [660]

sub sequenti Conaing hua Daint, ab Imleac[h]a Iobair, quieuit. [660]

Cumini abbas in Hiberniam venit. † Cuminus ab.in [660] Laidceann m. Baith Bannaich quieuit. Hiberniam. Mo-Gopoc mc hui Lama. Videtur Hiensis. [660]

1 Cf. FM 654.4 (Coincenn … d’écc). 2 Cf. FM 659.3 (Fionán ... d’écc). [ 41 ] 6-Apr-18 MS Brussels, Bibliothèque Royale 5301-20 pp. 97–161

23 42 [138] Cumini Foda 72 anno aetatis suae moritur. Scanlan, ab Lugbaid, quieuit. Saran ua Cridain m[oritur].

Conall Clogach quieuit. Hoc anno finis regni Blathmaic et initium regni Diarmada. Maenach m. Fingin rig Muman m[oritur]. Colman h. Cluasaig quieuit. Synodus universalis in Constantino poli facta est sub Agathone. Becc m. Fergusa 7 Conall Clogach.

Hoc anno Guaire Aidne Quies Segain m. hui Cuinn abbatis Beanc[h]oir 7 Tu-enoc m. Fiontain, ab Ferna 7 mortuus est. Mor[s] Gart [In]dearca[ch] 7 Dimma duo episcopi quieuerunt. nait m. Domnaill rig Cruitneac[h]. Ultan mc. hui Cunga, ab Cluana Iraird.

Dormitatio Fec[h]ene Fobair 7 Ailerain Hoc anno moritur 7 Ronain m. Bearuigh 7 Maoil Doid m. Fingin Diarmait m ind Eacnai 7 Ronain m. Silni. Cu cen Mat[h]air Aeda Slaine 7 Blaithmaic da rig mc. Cat[h]ail, ri Muman, moritur. Aongus Uladh 7 Manchán Eirean, 7 Seach nasach m. Blaimaic Liath, episcopi abbatesque regesque innumerabiles mortui sunt. regnare incipit. .i. m. Fualastact Colman Cas, ab Cluana Mc. Nois tribus diebus tantum tenuit mortui sunt1 Cumine, ab Cluana mc. Nois. Baoit[h]ín, ab Beanc[h]air moritur, et Faolan m. Colmáin eodem anno moritur. Berachus Mortalitas in qua quatuor abbates Beanc[h]oir Cuminus, Colum bus quatuor abba perierunt, .i. Bearach, Cummini, Colum, Eadan. tes Bennchoreae 7 guin Brain Finn m. Maile Ochtraigh rig na nDeisi Muman. Et moriuntur Bellum Aine ubi cecidit Eoghan m. Crunmaoil eodem anno Navigatio Colmain episcopi cum reliquis

Sub eodem anno sanctorum ad Insula[m] Vaccae Albae Fergus m. Muiceado moritur in qua fundabat ecclesiam. Et nauigatio □□ filiorum Gartnaith ad Hiberniam cum plebe Sceth.2

1 A large bracket shows that this plural verb refers to the obits in lines 12–13. 2 Page 43 does not commence with ‘Sceth’ but nothing appears to be missing. [ 42 ] 6-Apr-18 MS Brussels, Bibliothèque Royale 5301-20 pp. 97–161

243 [139] † Cuminus Obitus Cumini Albi abbatis Iae et ab. Hiae moritur Critan abbatis Beanc[h]oir 7 Mo-Chua mc. Huist. Eodemque anno mors Maola Fot[h]ardaigh m. Suibni regis × Sub seq. × nepotum Tuirtri. Iugulatio Maol Duin filii Maonaigh. Uenit genus Mael Rubai in Brittaniam nauigauit. Eodem Gartnait de anno mors Ossu filii Ethelbrith regis Saxonum, et iugulatio Sechnasaig filii Hibernia Blait[h]maic regis Hiberniae2 in initio hiemis. Falbeus 4658 Nauigatio Falbaei abbatis Iae in Hiberniam. ab. Hiae Iustinianus Minor iilius Constantini an. 10 regn.Guin Domanguir m. Domnaill Bric

Creatus est anno 695 Iustinianus iste iuxta Marian Scotum. Regis Dail Riatai.

Mag1 Croosan. In precedenti K. Fins[h]neac[h]ta regnare incipit. Columban episcopis Insulae Vaccae Albae

7 Finaaen Aireandáin pausant. et Failbe de Hibernia reuertitur. .i. in insula Britaniae Et Donchadh m. Ultáin rig Airgiall Beccan Ruim quieuit occisus est. Daircill mc. Curetai episcopus Glin[n]e da Loc[h]a, et

Eodem Coman episcopus, Mael Dogar episcopus Fernann, pausant. Hoc anno mors Colgan m. Failbei Flain[n] regis Muman. Quies Failbe abbatis Iae. Cindfeladh sapiens pausat. †Falbeus Hiae

Quies Failbe abbatis Ie, et Cind Faolad sapiens pausant et dormitatio Neactan et eodem anno bellum Fin[s]neac[h]ta i Tailtin contra Beicc mBairchi.

1 Cf. FM 671.2 (Maol Rubha … Apor Crosan). [ 43 ] 6-Apr-18 MS Brussels, Bibliothèque Royale 5301-20 pp. 97–161

25 44 Colman abbas Beanc[h]oir pausat et guin Fi[a]namlo mc. Maile Tuile [140] regis Lagenorum eodem; et sequenti anno Ciar ingen Duib Rae quieuit.

4661 Colman abbas Cluana mc. Nois quieuit. Et dormitatio Airmeadaig na Croibe et Dunchad Muirsce ri Connacht moritur. Mors Maini abbatis Naondroma et bellum Caisil Sub seq. K. Findbairr. Loc[h] nEac[h]ach do soudh hi fhuil. Saxones campum Breag et ecclesias multas uastauerunt Sub seqti in mense Iunii. Quies Do-C[h]umai Chonoc abbatis Uallis da Loc[h]a Hoc tempore iugulatio Dormitatio Roisseni abbatis Corcaighe Moire. Feradaigh mc □□□□ Congaile .i. Mundu et annum Eodem Mors Osseni episcopus Monasterii Fiontain mc. Thaulchain, 4668 Gisulphus dux Adomnanus captiuos reduxit ad Hiberniam 60. gentis Longbardorum Campaniam Quies Segeni episcopi Ard Machae. Eodem anno bellum Imlec[h]a uastauit Phic ubi cecidit Dub da Inber, ri Arda Cianachta, 7 Huarcride hua Osseni Iolan episcopus Cinn Garath obiit. ri Conaille. Sub eodem Eodem anno Fins[h]neac[h]ta reuertitur ad regnum; et iugulatur Diarmaid righ Mide; et Adamanus reduxit captiuos in Hiberniam. Bran m. Conaill, ri Laigen, moritur. Et combustio Arda Mac[h]a. Sub eodem Do-Becoc Cluana Airaird quieuit. In hoc anno Beda fecit librum De Natura Rerum et De Temporibus Gnatnat abbatissa Cille Dara dormiuit. Cronan m.cu Chaulnae abbas Beanc[h]uir obit. Sub eodem Theodoras episcopus Britanniae quieuit, et Fidgeallach m. Flaind, ri Hua Maini et a mac? Sub seq. K. Adomnanus 14 annis post pausam Failbei ad Hiberniam pergit; et sequenti anno mundi 4674, Iustiniano imperante, et mors dirát Dirath, episcopi Fernann, et Bran nepos Faoláin rex Lageniensium mortui sunt.

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45 26 [141] .i. Crobec a cCuailgni a c[h]enel Sub seq. K. Cronan Beacc abbas Cluana mc Nois, obiit. Obitus Cronain Balni; et Domnaill m. Auin regis Alo Cluathe. Fins[h]neac[h]ta rex Teamrach et Breasal filius iugulati sunt. Sub eodem Quies Mind Baireand abb Ac[h]aid Bo. Loingseach regnare incipit; et Cumine Mugdorne pausat. Adomnanus in Hiberniam pergit et dedit Imaireac Cranc[h]a ubi cecidit Fearadac[h] m. Maoile Doith. Sub 2. K. Legem Innocentiu[m] populis. Taracin de regno expulsus. Fearc[h]ar Fota moritur. Brittones et Ulaidh uastauerunt campum Muirt[h]imne. Mo-Ling Luac[h]air dormiuit. Sequenti anno leac oigre ar an bfairge idir Eire 7 Albain Seq. K. et mors Forindain ab Cille Dara; et Aod Aired ri Dail Araide. Quies anchoritae Eada o Sleibtiu; et eodem anno fames et pestil Sub eadem Hoc anno in Hibernia 3 annis ut homo hominem comederet. Conall m. Subni

Colman Linne Uachaill obiit. ri na nDeisi, moritur; et Aurt[h]ale, ri Cenel Eogain, et nepos Crundmaoil de regno expulsus in Britaniam pergit. Egberctus vir sanctus de gente Anglorum et sacerdotum monachica vita etiam pro celesti patria exornans, plurimas provincias Scoticae gentis ad

4678 chronicam paschalis temporis obseruantiam, de qua

Luidbrandus rex diutius aberrauerant, pia predicatione conuertit Longbardorum donationem patrimonii Hoc anno moritur Ailell m. Con cen Mathair Albpium [C]otiarum anno ab Incarnatione Domini 715. ri Muman. Gregorio papa dedit Colman auae Oirc, ab Cluana Iraird, moritur. Campi Aoi Sub seq. K. Faeldobur Cloc[h]air dormiuit. Hoc anno Muireadach a quo Sil Muredaig nati sunt, ri Conacht, moritur.

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27 46 Bellum Campi Cuilinn inter Ultu et Brittones. Ulaid victores. [142] Bellum Corainn in quo cecidit Loingseach m. Aongusa rex Hiberniae. [703] Colman mc Findba[i]rr, abbas Lis Moir, moritur. Adomanus ab. Hiae.† Adomnanus 77 anno aetatis suae 4678 in nonas Kalendas Octimbres, abbas Iae, pausat.

Alfridus rex Et Aldfrith m. Ossa sapiens, rex Saxonum, moritur. Nordhumbriae In sequenti K. Conall m. Fergusa regnare incipit, et juxta Bedam Cenn Faoladh hua Aoda Bric, ab Beanc[h]air, dormiuit. obiit 705.1 Du-C[h]onna Dairi 7 Osseni filius Galluist

in seq. K. abbas Cluana Mc. Nois, pausant. Et Fland Feabla, ab Ard Mac[h]a, moritur hoc anno Conc[h]ubar m. Maele Duin, ri Ceneil Carbri moritur. Colman m. Seac[h]nasaich, abbas Lot[h]rai moritur. Sub eodem Et Coibdeanach episcopus Ard Sratha quieuit. Et Conodor Fobair. Et Feargal m. Maele Duin, ri Cenel Eogain occidit Ind[rech] Coeddus abb. Hiae tach m. Donchada, ri Teora Connacht. obit.† Coeddi episcopus Iae pausat. Et eodem anno Beda fecit librum magnum, .i. In Berla Bed. Et cath Cairn ubi cecidit Cormac m. Mainaigh, ri Muman. Eodem anno Cu Cearca, ri Osraige moritur. Con- malus Conmaol m. Failbe ab Ie et Colman m. Seachnasaig f. Fal- ab Lothri eodem anno pausant quo Conall m. Fergusa, ri Temra, subita morte bei perit. ab. Hiae ob.† Baetan episcopus Innsi Bo Finne obiit. Filia Ossu in monasterio moritur. do Gailengaib in C[h]oraind do Falbhaeus Modicus, ab Cluana Mc. Nois, pausat † Cormac m. Ailealla, rex Muman, iugulatur. Dor Dorbeni Cathedra[m] Iae obtinuit, et quinque Benius ab. Iae mensibus peractis in primatu 5 Cal. Nouembris die Sab o[biit]. ob. 5 K.9. Faelc[h]u mc. Dorbeni cathedram Columbae 74 aetatis anno Sab bato in 4 Cal. Septemb. die Sabbathi suscepit. † Osred Foel- iuxta Et Ternoc m. Ciarain. Et iugulatur Osrith m. Aldfrith chus occisus nepos Ossu rex Saxonum. Et Fogartach ua Cearnaig iterum est regnat. [Written vertically in Ceallach Cualann, ri Laigen moritur, et eodem anno the left-hand margin Fland Feblae, ab Ard Mac[h]a. Cillen episcopus, ab Fernan

of lines 11–23.] 7 Flat[h]nia m. Colga[n] sapiens, et Mo-C[h]onna pausant.

1 Cf. Bede, HE v.24 s.a. 705. 2 Cf. Bede, HE v.24 s.a. 716. [ 46 ] 6-Apr-18 MS Brussels, Bibliothèque Royale 5301-20 pp. 97–161

47 28 [143]

Obitus Cele Tigernaich, ab Cluana Auis. [716]

Expulsio familiae Iae trans Dorsum Britanniae [717]

Sub eodem a Nechtano rege. Eodem anno Etulb m. Ecuilb obiit. Donnchad Et Donchad m. Cind Faolaid, ab Iae, obiit. Cumasc us aonaig Tailtean ubi cecidit m. Maole Rubai et m. Duibh [717] ab. ob.† Sleibe. Congressio Dail Riatai et Brittonum apud Minuirc ubi deuicti Brittones. [717]

Cronan ua Eoain, ab Lis Moir, moritur. et filius [718] Cuidni rex Saxonum moritur. Et Beac Bairc[h]i obiit. Tonsura corona super familiam Iae datur. [718] Sub eodem Hi sunt viri sapientes qui mortui sunt: Dub Duin hua Faolain episcopus, ab Cluana Iraird, Fiannamail o Bogaine. [718] Beac Hoc anno fros fola super fossam Lagenarum et inde Bairci obiit vocatur Niall Frosach qui tunc natus est. [718]

Inmeasac[h] religiosus legem cum pace Christi super [721]

insulam Hiberniae constituit eo anno quo Dunchad Becc ri Cinn Tire moritur. anno x Maol Rubai in Apur Croosain anno 80 aetatis eo Sinach Insi Clo[th] na rige? tribus mensibus et 18 di[e]bus peractis, xi Cal. Maii 3 [722] rand dormiuit ferie pausat, et tunc Feidlimid principatum Iae tenuit. eo anno quo Theodorus Felimius ab. Iae [722] regnat. Do-C[h]onna Craibhdeac[h] episcopus Condere moritur eo anno quo Eachuid m. Eac[h]ach regnare incipit. [726] Clericatus Sealbaig rig Quies Mainc[h]eni Leit[h]glin[n]e. Cillenius Longus, ab Iae[726] Dail Riatai eo[dem] Dormitatio Celi Crist, et seq. anno iunior Faelanus regnat. pausat. anno quo Indrech Conall mc. Moudain martirio coronatur. [727] tach m. Muirea Et Adomnani reliquae transferuntur in Hiberniam et dhaig ri Connacht Lex renouatur eo anno quo Murchad m. Brain, ri Laigen, moritur. moritur.

Sinac[h] Tailtean. Drostan Dart[h]aige quieuit in Ard Breacan [719] [About one centimetre of the bottom of this page has been torn off, and surviving vestiges show that a line of textis is lost.]

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48 29 [144]

idem cum Adomnani reliquiae transferuntur in Hiberniam precedti et lex renouatur. Dormitatio Celi Crist. Fland Ointrib, ab Beanc[h]air, obit. Quies filii Beat[h]ac[h] viri sapientis Muman. Sub eodem K Flai[th]bertach regnat et Domnall m. Ceallaigh ri Connacht moritur. Quies □□ Gaill Lilcaich cui nomen est Prudens. Exberect Christi miles in II Paschae die pausat. Moritur sub. seq. K. Factna mc. Folactain, ab Cluana Ferta Breanaind Usque in hunc annum Beda scripsit Chronicam suam.

Sub seq. K. Reuersio reliquarum Adamnani de Hibernia mense Octob. Filius Onc[h]on scriba Cille Dara dormiuit.

Beda sapiens quieuit. Et Mo-Briccu Bealaig Pontifex Maige Felei pausauit eo anno quo Aed Allain regnare incipit Heu Saxonum et Oetgetcair2 episcopus Noendroma pausat. Garalt obiit. Et Timnen Cille Tola mc. Donnchada episcopus Cluana Iraird Garat religious clericus quieuit. dignus Dei miles, in Christo quieuit eo anno Mors Flaind eo anno quo Faolan o Brain rex Lageniensium moritur. Et Cearnach m. Fl[ainn] Sinde ui Collae m. Neil iugulatus est quem vaccarum uituli fleuerunt infimi est ab Cluana Mc Nois. Et Cellach Dormitatio Samt[h]ainne Cluana Bronaig ingen Dunchada ? regina optima et 7 dormitatio nepotis Maele Dethnein episcopi. benigna, dorm Feargus Glutt rex Coba obiit sputis venenatis hominum. itauit. Cuanu nepos Beasain scriba Treoit. sub eodem Talorgan m. Drostain rex Ait[h]Fotle dimersus est. Dormitatio sancti Brain Lainne Eala; et

Sub eodem in clericatu Domnall exiit. Guin Forbassaig m. Ailella rig Osraige; et Dub da Boireann, ab Fobair, moritur; et Fland Feblae, ab Goirt Conaig moritur. [About one centimetre of the bottom of this page has been torn off, and surviving vestiges show that a line of text is lost.]1

1 Cf. ‘Principles of this edition’, p. 19, for the repetition by Gleeson and Mac Airt at AR §187 of the entry at 46.22 as a result of the removal of the bottom of this page. [ 48 ] 6-Apr-18 MS Brussels, Bibliothèque Royale 5301-20 pp. 97–161

49 [145] Quies Find Fidmuine hui Suanaic[h] 7 Cat[h]al m. Diarmada sapiens. .i. ab At[h] Truim Foraindan episcopus Methuis Truim. Bait[h]allach [756] m. Colmain hui Suibni mortui sunt. [756] Forgus m. Ceallaig, rig Connach[t], moritur. Quies Fidmuini anchoritae Rathin, et Edalbald rex Saxonum moritur [757] Quies Siadail Lindae Duac[h]aill Finc[h]on, ab Lis Moir. [757] Cat[h]al, ri Hua Cinsealaig, Elpin Glaisi Noidean, Fidbadac[h] Cille Deilge, mortui sunt omnes. [758] Marthu filia Mc. Dubáin Reuersio Slebini de Hibernia. dominatrix Cille Dara, obiit. [758]

Mors Muireadaig m. Murchada ri Laigean., Conait, ab Lis Moir 7 Fulartach mc. Bric [760] Mors Muirchertaig hui Brain, ri Laigean. anchorita. Suairleach, ab Beanc[h]oir moritur et [760] Ailgnio m. Gnoi secundus abbas Cluana Iraird, mortui sunt. Quies Cormaic ab Cluana. M. Nois. Mors Fogartaic[h], rí Hele. [762]

Mors Bec Laitne, ab Cluana Iraird, 7 Faelcu Findglais [763] mortui sunt. Mors Reoddaidi ab Ferna [763]

Mors Anfadain, ab Linde Duac[h]ail. Mors Domnaill [763] m. Murchada ri Temrach, .i. cetri nErenn o C[h]loinn C[h]olmain. Quies Ronáin, ab Cluana Mc. Nois. Mors Cormaic m. Ailella, ab Mainis [764] treac[h] Buti. Moll, ri Saxon, clericus efficitur. Quies Tolai Aird Breaccain. Mors Flait[h]bertaich rig Temra in [765] clericatu. Folac[h]tach, ab Biror, moritur. Loarn, ab Cluana Iraird, quieuit. [765]

Cellbil Cluana Bronaig quieuit. [765] Quies Craumt[h]ainn, ab Cluana Ferta. Iugulatur Fallaman m. Con Congalt rig Mide dolose [766] et

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50 [146]

Suibne, ab Iae, in Hiberniam venit. [766]

Mors Eadain Lis Moir. [768]

Quies Fir da Crich abbatis Ard Machae. [768]

Conbran, ab Cille Ac[h]id, moritur. Fidbach, ab Beanc[h]air [767] Iugulatur Murchad m. Flait[h]bertaich, ri Ceniuil Conuill. Quies Slebeni Iae. Mac in tSair, ab Eanaigh D[uin]. [767]

Glain díobuir, ab Lat[h]raich Briuin, pausat. [767] □□□□ti Cinnselach m. Con Bairne, ab Imleac[h]a Iobair,obit. Et[h]ne ingen Breasail Breagh, regina regum [768] Coman Eanaigh Dait[h]e et Teamrach, regnum celeste adipisci meruit bellum Ferna in quo Dubh Cal post penitentiam. Dubh Indreacht, ri Conacht, moritur [768] caig cecidit. Edain ab Lis Moir. Coibdeanach, ab Cille Tomme, pausat. [768] Ferrgil Cille Moire Einir. Donncha[d] regnare incip[it]. Fergus episcopus mc Cat[h]ail et Fiac[h]rac[h] Granard. [770]

Gorman ingen Flaind mc. Eada mortua est. [770]

Artgal, ab Cloc[h]air m. Doimeni moritur. Et Folachtach [770] Tige Tue, ab Cluana M. Nois. Crundmael, ab Cille Moire Enir quieuit [770]

Da-Chua At[h]a Eascrach obit. [771]

Aedgen Fobair obiit. Bec m. Conli, ri Tet[h]bei moritur. [771] Subneus Quies Ab. Iae† Moritur Airlead Cluana Iraird. Suibne ab Iae. Quies [772]

At cean, ab Cluana Eidneach. Mors Dungail m. Cellaig [FM 767]

rig Osraige 7 Hearnnich m. Eich ab Leith. [FM 767] mors

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Mors Donchada ri Conacht morte insolita obit. Martan Insi Eidnech. Eadan episcopus 51 Maige Heu. Learthan, dominatrix Cille Dara. Cinaeda m. Alpin, rig Alban. [147]

Quies Ciarain Craibdil Craibthig, .i. Bealaig Dúin [775] 7 mors Fianc[h]u, ab Lugmaid. Mors Cinaedon regis Pictorum. Mors Albrain m. Foil Quies Colmain Fin[n] anchoritae. [776] migh, ab Treoit, in 6a Mors Goidil Cluana Iraird. Mors Cellaic[h] m. Donchada, ri Laigen. feria; Ultan ua Bero Tnudgaile, ab Saigre. Mors Forbassaig, ab Rat[h]a Eada. [776] Dearg, ab Ot[h]nae Er[e]nnac[h] m. Echin, Comotatio martyrum sancti Erce Slane. [776] ab Leit[h]glin[n]e. Seancab Imleach[h]án Iobair; Tom

Dormitatio Anfceallaig abb. Condere 7 Lainde Ealla. [778] altach m. Muirgaile, rí Quies Finan ab Cluana hEuis. Quies Snedc[h]easta filii Tuamc[h]on, Aíi.

abb Beanc[h]oir, 7 Conaill m. int [FM773] Saoir sapientis, ab Beanc[h]air. Sit Mait abbatissa Cluana Boireann, mortua est. [778]

Fulartach, episcopus Cluana Iraird. [779]

Moinán mc. Cormaic, ab Catrach Fursa in Ffrancia. [779] Flat[h]rue, ri Conacht. Leargal sapiens, ab Biror. [FM 774] Augustin Beannc[h]oir 7 Seadrach m. Sobart[h]ain [780]

7 Nadarca sapiens mortui sunt. Alpin rex Pict orum moritur. Congretatio synodorum nepotum Neill [780] sub eodem Lagenensiumque in oppido Teamra ubi fuerunt anchoritae et scribae multi quibus dux erat Dublitt[er].

Maccnia mc. Ceallaig, ab Dúin Leat[h]glaisi [780]

quieuit. Lex tertia Comain 7 Eadain [780] incipit.

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52 [148] sub eodem Quies Scandail, ab Cainnich. [780]

Comixtio magna in Ardmachia in [781] occisi sunt quinquagesima die in qua ceciderunt

13 abbates et reges aliquot. Quies Flaithnae [FM776] Bellum Cuirrich m. Congaile, ab Cluana Ferta Breanainn. in confinio Cille Mors Ciaran Tige Mundu. Et Cormac m. Breasuil [FM777] Dara ubi cecidit ab Aird Breacain et aliarum ciuitatum. Banban, ab Cloenta Mugroin m. Eadan ab Rois Comain 7 Ultan equonimus Beanc[h]air. [782] Flaind ri Hua Failge. Coscrac[h] hua Froic[h] abbas Lugmaid. [802]

Clemens Tire da Glas féliciter vitam in [802] pace finiuit.

Maonach m. Colgan ab Luscan, lector bonus, quieuit. [805]

Fine, abbatissa Cille Dara, obiit. Et Fiangus ab [805] Ruis Cre. Muirchertach m. Dongaile, ri Breibht[h]ne moritur. Fiangus, ab Ruis Cre, dormiuit. [FM800] m. Maonaig Congal ab Slane, sapiens, in uirginitate quieuit. [806] Fins[h]neac[h]ta mc. Ceallaig regnum suum accepit. Lex Patricii la Aed m. Neill. Loit[h]each doctor bean cuiracht. [806] quos marty res in margine Familia Iae occisa est a gentibus, .i. 68. [806] ponit. Flait[h]nia m. Cineada, ri Hua bFailgi, iugulatus. Constructio novae ciuitatis Columbae [807] Tomas episcopus et scriba ab Linde Cille i Ceandanus. Elarius an[a]chorita [807] Duac[h]aill quieuit. et scriba Loc[h]a Cree dormiuit.

Fins[h]neachta m. Quies Leamnatha Cille Manach. [FM802] Ceallaig rí Laigean Cat[h]nia ab Dom Liacc 7 Tigernach fundator [810] mor Daire Meille, ab Cille Ac[h]idh; 7 Eac[h]aid m. tuus est i Cill Dara. Fiac[h]na ri Uladh, quieverunt. [810]

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Diman Arad, Mumoniensis anachorita, vitam feliciter 53 finiuit; et gabail Dungaile m. Fergaile i rrige. [811] [149]

Fearadac[h] mc. Scandail, scriba et sacerdos [813] abbas Achaid Bó, feliciter vitam finiuit. Hoc

anno Carolus rex Francorum moritur. 813 [813]

Fedlimidh, ab Cille Moinni 7 maor Breg Phatraicc [814] anachorita praecipuus scribaque optimus, vitam feliciter

finiuit. Braon m. Ruadrach, satrapa Lagenarum. [814]

Tuathal m. Dubte, sapiens, scriba et doctor [814] Cluana Mc. Nois, dormiuit. Bas Daolgair Achith Uir. Niall m. Aoda, ri Hua Cormaic, repente moritur. [814] Kellac- us b Ceallac[h], ab Iae, finita constructione templi [814] Iae † Ceanandsa, reliquit principatum, et Diarmitius Dier- mitius alumnus Daigri pro eo ordinatus est. Mors Muirgiusa, ri [blank line] Connacht. Cele Iosa ab Cille Moinne Mors Ioseph scribae Rois Comain. [816] in 20 anno suo vitam Conan mac Ruadrach, ri Britonum, moritur. [816] finiuit. Quies Connmaich m. Donait, ab Corcaige. [FM812]

Comulf, ri Saxonum, moritur. Eodem [821]

anno orgain Beachereann 7 Dairinnsi Caomain a [821]

gentibus. Cean[n] Faoladh m. Ruamain, scriba et episcopus et anchorita [821] ab Atha Truim, dormiuit. Lex Patricii for Mumai la Feidlimid mc. Creamt[h]ainn [823]

7 la Airtrigh mc. Conchubair.

Maol Tuili, ab Beanc[h]oir, quieuit. Feidlimid m. Crimt[h]ain accepit [820] regnum Caissil. Crundmaol m. Odran, ab Cluana Iraird. [821]

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54 [150]

Cuanu Lugmaid, sapiens et episcopus, dormiuit. [825]

Diarmait hua Eada, anachorita et religionis [825]

doctor totius [Hiberniae], obiit; 7 Cumneach abb Findglaisi,

Eadan ab Tamlachta, Suibne m. Fergusa ab Dúin [FM823] Leat[h]glaisi, anchoritae et episcopi in pace dormi

erunt. Colman m. Ailealla ab Slane et [825] aliarum ciuitatum in Francia et in Hibernia

Maelrubius periit. Mael Rubai, anachorita et episcopus, ab [FM823] Ardbreccaneus eps. Aird Breacain, obiit.

Lex Patricii for Teora Conachta la Airtrig [825]

mc. Conchubair. Martra Blait[h]mic mic Flaind [825] o geintibh in Hi Coluim Cille.

Clemens, episcopus, ab Cluana Iraird, feliciter [826] vitam finiuit. .i. Mainistrech Eogan iterum do gabail apdaine Ard Mac[h]a. [827]

Aidan hua Con Dumai, scriba Dearmaige, mori[tur]. [828]

Siadail mc. Feradaig, abbas Cille Darí. [830]

Cailti mc Erc, abbas Feda Duin. [FM828]

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55 [151]

Eogan Mainistreach, ab Ard Mac[h]a 7 [834]

Cluana Iraird, 7 Affraicc abbatissa Cille Dara, dormierunt.

[blank line]

Cetgabail Átha Cliath o geintibh. [837]

[blank line]

Occisio Echnig Cille Delge abbatis episcop et scriba[e] [FM837] cum sua familia o Gaileangaibh.

Gabail Hereann huile la Feidlimidh. [838]

Aiden ab Ros Crée, moritur. [FM838]

Orgain Lugmaig di Loch Eac[h]ac[h] o geintibh [840] qui episcopos et presbyteres et sapientes

captiuos duxerunt et alios mortify †

cauerunt. Floriacus, imperator Francorum 840

moritur. [840]

Ioseph Rois Moir, episcopus et scriba optimus 8391

et anachorita, abbas Cluana Auis [840] et aliarum ciuitatum, dormiuit.

Aireachtach Cille Manach, Beirichtir Táulc[h]ae [AR only] Leis, Orrt[h]anach episcopus Cille Dara.

1 Cf. FM 839.2 (Ioseph Rois Móir ... d’écc.). [ 55 ] 6-Apr-18 MS Brussels, Bibliothèque Royale 5301-20 pp. 97–161

56 [152]

Quies Mael Dit[h]raibh anachoritae sapien [FM840] tis Tire da Glass.

Donnacan mc. Maele Tuile, scriba [843] et anachoreta in Italia quieuit.

Tuirgeis du ergabail le Mael Seachnaill [845]

7 badudh Tuirgeis i lLoch Uair iarum.

Orgain Lis Cille Ac[h]id 7 martra Nuadain [845] mc. Segeni ann.

[blank line] Mael Seachnaill Feidlimid, ri Muman optimus Scotorum scriba [847] regnat et anachoreta, quieuit.

Fins[h]neac[h]ta Luibhnige, anachoreta post et [848] rex Connacht, dormiuit in pace.

Duo heredes Patraicc, .i. Forindan scriba [852] et episcopus et anachoreta, et Diarmait sapien tissimus omnium doctorum Europae, quieuerunt. Indrectacus Ab Iae † Indreachtach hua Fins[h]neachtain, heres [854] Columbae Cille, sapiens optimus, 4 Idus Martii apud Saxones [m]artirizatur.

[ 56 ] 6-Apr-18 MS Brussels, Bibliothèque Royale 5301-20 pp. 97–161

57 [153]

Cat[h]asach mc. Tigernaich, egregius sapiensque [FM854] iuuenis, equonomus Ard Mac[h]a, in Christo dormiuit 4 Non. 9bris.

[blank line]

Sodomna, episcopus Slaine, martirizatur a Normannis. [856] Moritur Neill m. Gilláin iar mbith xxx mbliadan cen digh cen bia.

Tipraite Bán, ab Tire da Glas [858]

Mael Tuile, princeps Imleach Iubair, pausant. [FM823]

[blank line]

Niall mac I[a]llain qui passus est paralizim [860] 33 annis, qui versatus est visionibus frequentibus tam falsis quam veris in Christo quieuit.

Gormlait[h] ingen Don[n]c[h]ada, regina Scotorum. [861] post penitentiam obit.

Edgen Brit, episcopus Cille Dara, scriba et 7. [864] anachorita et senex fere □ 116 annorum, quieuit.

Faelan m. Ceallaig, ab Beacereann, moritur. [AR only] Ceallach mc. Cumuscai[g], ab Fobair, iuuenis sapiens et ingeniosissimus, peri[i]t. [868]

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58 [154]

Martan ab Cluana Mc. Nois 7 Daiminsi [869] scriba, Niallan episcopus Slaine, dormierunt.

Cormac mc. Condmaigh, scriba et sapiens [FM867] oeconomus Cluana Ferta Breanuind, quieuit.

Dubt[h]ach mc. Maele Tuile, doctissimus [869] Latinorum totius Europae, in Christo quieuit.

Suairleach ind Edneidh, episcopus et anachoreta et [870] abbas Cluana Iraird, optimus doctor religi onis totius Hiberniae, quieuit.

[blank line]

Cu Roí mc. Aldniad, ab Insi Clot[h]rand 7 [871] Foc[h]lada Midi, sapiens et peritissimus histori arum Scoticarum, in Christo dormiuit.

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Gnia, princeps Doim Liag, anchorita, episcopus [872] et scriba optimus, 88 anno etatis sua suae, vitam feliciter finiuit. caput Fet[h]gna episcopus, heres Pattraicc 7 cp [874] totius religionis Hiberniae, in pridias nonas Octobiri in pace dormiuit.

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59 [155]

Mael Muru in fili, peritissimus historiarum [887] Scotorum, dormiuit.

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Mael Ac[h]aid, tanaise Cluana Mc. Nois 7 princeps [896] Daminnsi, do dul martrai la Dea[l]mna.

Soerbreac[h]tach mc. Conaidh, scriba et sapiens [896] et princeps Corcaige, vitam senilem finiuit.

Mael Poil mc. Ailealla, episcopus et anachoreta [922] et scriba optimus Leit[h]e Cuinn et princeps ind Eidnein, obit.

Duiblittir, sacart Ard Mac[h]a do marbadh do Gallaibh. [923]

Virgilius Fergil, princeps Tire da Glas, do dul in alit[h]riu [FM927] tar muir. m Colman Ailealla, princeps Cluana Mc. Nois 7 [926] Cluana Iraird sapiens et doctor, vitam senile feliciter finiuit hi 7 Cal. Martii.

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60 [156]

Malbrigidus Mael Brigte m. Dornain, comarba [927]

Padraicc 7 Coluim Cille, ceann crabaidh na Herinn uile, vitam senilem finiuit, .i. in 8 Cal. Martii in 89 anno aetatis suae et 40 anno principatus sui.

Gaill Atha Cliath do dul a hEre. [927]

Bait[h]ene, ab Birra, Muirgel ingen Mail [928]

Seachnail in senectute ditissima, Finnach[h]ta Cor [928] caighe caput religionis, moriuntur. Hoc anno

Diarmait mc. Cerbaill a regno expulsus mo□□. [AR only]

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Caineach ingen Canannain, rigan rig Temrach, [928]

in penitentia defecit. Hoc anno Diarmait [929] mc Cearbail, rig Osraige, obit.

Indreac[h]t[ach] mc. Cat[h]alain rig Leit[h]e Cat[h]ail [929] Dunnc[h]ad m. Braonain sacard Cille Dara

Virgilius Fergill princeps Tire da Glais

Cele mc. Scanduil comarba Beanc[h]uir 7

× In Roma quie Comgall fo Herinn episcopus .i. et scriba obtimus uit, .i. hi in felici peregrinatione quieuerunt. feil Cifren 7

Corneil

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61 [157]

Bran mc. Colmain, princeps Ros Cree, in Christo [FM929] dormiuit.

Bard Bonde, primhf[h]ili Hereann, do marbadh do Huibh [933] Cormaic Hua nEac[h]ach.

Duo heredes Patricii, .i. Ioseph scriba et [936] episcopus et anachorita sapentissimus Scotorum, 7 Mael Patraic, episcopus et sapiens et senex, quieuerunt.

[blank line]

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Lumbert, episcopus Cille Muine, diem obiit. [943]

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Annus mirabilium, .i. hi tarlad in duileann [947] de nim 7 hi tuidchaid in Cele Dé de ffairci andeas do precept do Gaoidealaibh. f Gormlait[h] ingen Flaind m. Maoil Seachnaill in penitentia [948] ^ extensa quieuit.

Cormacan mc. Mail Brigte in primf[h]ili, fer comt[h]a [FM946] Neill, moritur.

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62 [158] Embolismus 999 annus, 19 annus, 2a feria, [AR only] □□ 42lun 24 luna, 4 Indictione.

Fogartach m. m. Donnacain ri Airgiall [949] in penitentia moritur.

Aedan, airc[h]inneach Tuama da Hualann, [949] communis pausat. 950 9 o 950 annus 1us□ er 3a feria, 9 luna 5 Indictione.

Gait[h]ene, sui-episcopus Duin Leatt[h]glaisi. [956]

Catt[h]asach mac Doiligen, comarba [957] Patraic, sui-episcopus Gaoidel, moritur.

Fothud m. Brain, scriba optimus et episcopus [FM961]

† Innsi Alban, in senili aetate moritur.

Ceall Dara do orgain do Gallaibh Atha Cliath, [964] sed Deus mirabili pietate misertus per Niall o nEroilb redemptis omnibus pene clericis pro nomine Domini.

Et abbatissa illius ciuitatis, .i. Muirenn [964] ingen m. Colmain post parum tempori interuallum in senili aetati ad Dominum de hac luce migrauit.

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63 [159]

1. Et lector nomine Colman filius Con Cobrat 7 [FM962]

2. Suibne H. Niabain princeps magnus, et 9621 [FM961] 3. alii clerici mortui sunt.

4. Nota Flann m. Cumascaich, lector et anachorita [AR only] 5. cum 12 lectoribus in peregrinatione exiit.

6. Prainnteach Lainde Leire do loscadh la Domnall m. 9682 [970]

7. Muirchertaig ri Temra, 7 ceit[h]re cet do dul 400 8. martyres martra and idir fini 7 mna.

9. Beaccan, comarba Finnia, episcopus et senex [973] 10. plenus dierum, vitam feliciter finiuit.

11. Cinaed o Artacain, primeaceas Leithi Cuind, moritur. [975]

12. Dunnchad o Braoin, comarba Ciarain Cluana [976] 13. M. Nois, do dul i n-ailit[h]riu do Ard Mac[h]a 14. go raibe fri re tri mbliadan déc i ccrabud ann

15. 7 is di[a] astud ticed luc[h]t écsamail gacha 16. bliadna isin n-eaglais conach frit[h] fa deoig di[a] astud

3 17. acht na ceat[h]ra, 7 tarasair-seom forru bliadain □□□eoch-

1 Suibne Hua Niabain and the year ‘962’ both appear in O’Sheerin’s index at p. 230. 2 The note ‘400 martyres’ and the year ‘968’ both appear in O’Sheerin’s index at p. 225. 3 MS: ‘b`nmeoch-’ or ‘u’nmeoch-’.

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64 [160]

1. Faolan m. Caelaide, sui-epscop 7 ab Imleach [FM979] 2. Iubair, obiit.

3. Mugron Mugron, ab Iae, scriba optimus atque [FM978] ab. Ia† 4. sui-epscop na Tri Rand, obiit.

5. Malciaran Mael Ciarain ua Máigne, comarba Coluim [986] Comorbanus 6. S. Columbae Cille, do dul deargmartra lasna Danaru in martyrium martyriam 7. passus At[h] Cliath.

8. Sancta virgo Ceallach in isto anno in Christo [987] 9. Iesu dormiuit.

10. Dunstan, ard-episcopus Saxan uile, quieuit. [988]

11. Dunchad o Braoin, comarba Ciarain m. [988] 12. in tSaoir, in peregrinatione, sapiens et 13. sius? anachoreta, in ciuitate Patricii 14. quieuit 14 Cal. Feb.

15. Erard m. Coise, primeces Gaoideal, [990] 16. in penitentia moritur.

17. Colla sapiens, princeps Insi Cat[h]aig quieuit. [994]

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65 [161]

1. Odran hua Eolais, scriba optimus. 9941 [FM994] 2. Cluana M. Nois, quieuit

3. [blank line]

4. [blank line]

5. [blank line]

6. [blank line]

7. [blank line]

8. [blank line]

9. [blank line]

10. [blank line]

11. [blank line]

12. [blank line]

13. [blank line]

14. [blank line]

15. [blank line]

16. [blank line]

17. [blank line]

18. [blank line]

19. [blank line]

20. [blank line]

1 Cf. FM 994.5 ( Odhrán ... d'ég). [ 65 ] 6-Apr-18