Chapter 5 Study Guide s1

Chapter 5 Study Guide

5-1 Matter- anything that has mass and takes up space

Volume- amount of space taken up by object; liquid volume measured in mL using a graduated cylinder; volume of irregular object found by water displacement

Weight- measure of gravitational force on object; measured in Newtons

Mass- amount of matter (stuff) in an object; mass measured in grams or kilograms using a triple beam balance

Inertia- resistance of object to change its motion (lazy); example- in a moving car you tend to keep moving until seatbelt catches you The more the mass the more the inertia. Ex. Big transfer truck harder to stop moving

Weight vs. Mass- weight can change depending on gravity, but mass stays the same anywhere in the universe (unless you remove some of the matter).

5-2 Density- amount of matter in a given amount of space (mass/volume); density of water is 1 g/mL. If an object is less dense than water (1g/mL) it will float; if it is more dense it will sink.

If several liquids separate in layers in a graduated cylinder, the most dense one would be on the bottom and the least dense one would be on the top.

Know how to use the density formula. D= m/v

Physical property- a property that does not change the matter’s identity Examples- color, size, shape, texture, conductivity, magnetism, solubility (dissolve), state of matter (solid, liquid, gas), density, ductile (wires), malleable (bendable), boiling or melting point, specific heat (how quickly heat up)

Physical Change- a change that does not form a new substance; matter always retains its identity Examples- melting ice, tearing paper, crushing a can, painting a bike, dissolving sugar

5-3 Chemical properties- describes matter on its ability to change into a new substance Examples- flammability (ability to burn), reactivity (ability to react chemically with other substances)

Chemical Change- change in which a new substance is formed Examples- milk sours, digestion, rocket blast, fireworks, burning wood, silver tarnishes, bake a cake, leaves change color in the fall

Signs of a chemical change- Change in color or odor Gas bubbles form Temperature changes Precipitate forms (solid falls out of solution)

** During a physical change the composition of the substance stays the same; during a chemical change the composition of the substance changes.

5-4 Mallaeability and conductivity are useful in coinmaking.

Magnets are used in alarm system to complete the electrical circuit.

Electrical cords are covered with plastic to protect you from becoming shocked by the electricity.