OIE RL for Bluetongue Dr. Baratang Alison Lubisi South Africa

OIE Reference Laboratory Reports Activities in 2012

Name of disease (or topic) for which you Bluetongue are a designated OIE Reference Laboratory:

Address of laboratory ARC- Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute

No. 100 Old Soutpan Road

Onderstepoort

Tel.: +2712 529 9233

Fax: +2712 529 9418

e-mail address: [email protected]

website: Http://www.arc.agric.za

Name (including Title) of Head of Dr. Phelix Majiwa Laboratory (Responsible Official): Programme Manager

Name (including Title and Position) of OIE Dr. Baratang Alison Lubisi Reference Expert: Head of Virology Laboratory

Date of submission to the OIE 25 January 2013

Annual reports of OIE Reference Centres, 2012 1 OIE RL for « Bluetongue » – « Dr. Baratang Alison Lubisi » – « South Africa »

ToR: To use, promote and disseminate diagnostic methods validated according to OIE Standards

Test recommended by the OIE Total number of test performed last year

Indirect diagnostic tests Nationally Internationally

c-ELISA 336 76

SNT 39 0

Direct diagnostic tests Nationally Internationally

Cell Culture (Vero) and ECE 59 7 1341 Nested RT-PCR 18

ToR: To develop reference material in accordance with OIE requirements, and implement and promote the application of OIE Standards. To store and distribute to national laboratories biological reference products and any other reagents used in the diagnosis and control of the designated pathogens or disease.

2. Did your laboratory produce or store imported standard reference reagents officially recognised by the OIE or other international bodies?

X Yes No

3. Did your laboratory supply standard reference reagents to OIE Member Countries?

Yes X No

Amount Name of Amount Type of Related supplied recipient OIE Produced/ supplied reagent diagnostic internationa Member stored nationally available test lly Countries and (ml, mg) (ml, mg) of institutions Virus RT-PCR Stock vials of full genome 0 0 0 sequenced reference viruses from which working material will be produced once approval is granted by the Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries

4. Did your laboratory produce diagnostic reagents other than the OIE-approved standard reference reagents?

Yes X No

5. Did your laboratory produce vaccines?

2 Annual reports of OIE Reference Centres, 2012 OIE RL for « Bluetongue » – « Dr. Baratang Alison Lubisi » – « South Africa »

Yes X No

6. Did your laboratory supply vaccines to OIE Member Countries?

Yes X No

ToR: To develop, standardise and validate, according to OIE Standards, new procedures for diagnosis and control of the designated pathogens or diseases

7. Did your laboratory develop new diagnostic methods validated according to OIE Standards for the designated pathogen or disease?

Yes X No

8. Did your laboratory develop new vaccines according to OIE Standards for the designated pathogen or disease?

Yes X No

ToR: To provide diagnostic testing facilities, and, where appropriate, scientific and technical advice on disease control measures to OIE Member Countries

9. Did your laboratory carry out diagnostic testing for other OIE Member Countries?

X Yes No

Name of OIE Member Date No. samples No. samples received Country seeking (dd/mm) received for for provision of assistance provision of confirmatory diagnostic support diagnoses (i.e. from surveillance campaign) United Arab Emirates 13/12 40 (c-ELISA) 5 (RT-PCR)

Namibia 16/03; 29/03; 14/06; 16/10; 36 (c-ELISA) 0 19/12 Oman 15/10; 18/10 0 10 (RT-PCR); 7(VI)

People’s Republic of 2/4 0 3 (RT-PCR) Antarctica

10. Did your laboratory provide expert advice in technical consultancies on the request of an OIE Member Country?

Yes X No

ToR: To carry out and/or coordinate scientific and technical studies in collaboration with other laboratories, centres or organisations

11. Did your laboratory participate in international scientific studies in collaboration with OIE Member Countries other than your own?

Annual reports of OIE Reference Laboratories, 2012 3 OIE RL for « Bluetongue » – « Dr. Baratang Alison Lubisi » – « South Africa »

X Yes No

OIE Member Countries Partners Title of the study Duration Purpose of the study involved other (Institutions) than your country

Culicoides surveys 1 year Seasonal abundance of University of Botswana Culicoides species at two sites Pretoria, South in Botswana Africa

Culicoides surveys 2 years Seasonal abundance of North West Namibia Culicoides species in Namibia University, South Africa

Culicoides identification 2 years Identification of problematic CIRAD France African Culicoides species collected in Senegal

Evaluation of the efficacy 1 year Evaluation of the efficacy of CIRAD France of insecticides insecticides against South African populations of C. imicola (pending)

Culicoides collection and 2 years Applicability and evaluation IZS Italy artificial feeding of South African methods for European Culicoides populations.

Culicoides identification 1 year Analyses of Culicoides University of United Kingdom / collections made from Liverpool Whales Whales At present: Light traps On going Supply and selling of the Various Germany, France, Onderstepoort light trap and Lebanon netting as needed.

ToR: To collect, process, analyse, publish and disseminate epizootiological data relevant to the designated pathogens or disease

12. Did your Laboratory collect epizootiological data relevant to international disease control?

X Yes No

I. Involved in the on-going Culicoides surveys in South Africa.

II. Assist with Culicoides identification nationally and internationally, including:

i) Evaluation of the efficacy of insecticides

ii). Comparison of Culicoides collection methods

13. Did your laboratory disseminate epizootiological data that had been processed and analysed?

X Yes No

14. What method of dissemination of information is most often used by your laboratory?

(Indicate in the appropriate box the number by category)

a) Articles published in peer-reviewed journals:...... 3 b) International conferences:...... 1 c) National conferences:...... 3 d) Articles reviewed, presentations and dissertation:...... 6

See attached publication list in Appendix 1

ToR: To provide scientific and technical training for personnel from OIE Member Countries

To recommend the prescribed and alternative tests or vaccines as OIE Standards

15. Did your laboratory provide scientific and technical training to laboratory personnel from other OIE Member Countries?

X Yes No

a) Technical visits:...... 0 b) Seminars:...... 0 c) Hands-on training courses:...... 1 d) Internships (>1 month):...... 0

Type of technical training Country of origin of the expert(s) No. participants from the provided (a, b, c or d) provided with training corresponding country

c Italy 1

The Culicoides expert, Dr. Gert Venter, trained Dr. Valentina Federici of IZS (Italy), on the collection, handling and feeding methods of field collected midges. Special focus was placed on C. imicola, the vector of African horse sickness virus (AHSV) and Bluetongue virus (BTV). Competent midges which can transmit both AHSV and BTV are present in Italy. The training conducted during the 10 day visit contributed to the standardisation of techniques and comparison of data.

ToR: To maintain a system of quality assurance, biosafety and biosecurity relevant for the pathogen and the disease concerned

16. Does your laboratory have a Quality Management System certified according to an International Standard?

X Yes No

Quality management system adopted

ISO 17025

17. Is your laboratory accredited by an international accreditation body?

X Yes No

Test for which your laboratory is accredited Accreditation body

Other tests, not BT SANAS

18. Does your laboratory maintain a “biorisk management system” for the pathogen and the disease concerned?

X Yes No

ToR: To organise and participate in scientific meetings on behalf of the OIE

19. Did your laboratory organise scientific meetings on behalf of the OIE?

Yes X No

20. Did your laboratory participate in scientific meetings on behalf of the OIE?

Yes X No

ToR: To establish and maintain a network with other OIE Reference Laboratories designated for the same pathogen or disease and organise regular inter-laboratory proficiency testing to ensure comparability of results

21. Did your laboratory exchange information with other OIE Reference Laboratories designated for the same pathogen or disease?

Yes X No

22. Was your laboratory involved in maintaining a network with OIE Reference Laboratories designated for the same pathogen or disease by organising or participating in proficiency tests?

Yes X No

23. Did your laboratory collaborate with other OIE Reference Laboratories for the same disease on scientific research projects for the diagnosis or control of the pathogen of interest?

Yes X No

ToR: To organise inter-laboratory proficiency testing with laboratories other than OIE Reference Laboratories for the same pathogens and diseases to ensure equivalence of results.

24. Did your laboratory organise or participate in inter-laboratory proficiency tests with laboratories other than OIE Reference Laboratories for the same disease?

X Yes No

If the answer is yes, please provide details using the table provided

No. participating Participating OIE Purpose for inter-laboratory test comparisons1 laboratories Member Countries Test harmonisation (RT-PCR): Western Cape Provincial Laboratory (WCPVL) 3: WCPVL; MDS and OVI 1 organised

Test harmonisation (Antibody detection): Yes. Countries not 6 VETQAS managed disclosed

ToR: To place expert consultants at the disposal of the OIE

25. Did your laboratory place expert consultants at the disposal of the OIE?

Yes X No

APPENDIX 1

A. Publications in peer reviewed journals:

1. Becker, E., Venter, G.J., Labuschagne, K., Greyling, T. & Van Hamburg, H. 2012. Occurence of Culicoides species in the Khomas region of Namibia during the winter months. Veterinaria Italiana, 48, 45-54.

2. Venter, G.J., Labuschagne, K., Boikanyo, S.N.B. & Morey, L., 2012. The effect of high frequency sound on Culicoides numbers collected with suction light traps, Journal of the South African Veterinary Association 83(1), Art. #10, 5 pages. http:// dx.doi.org/10.4102/jsava. V83i1.10

3. Venter, G.J., Majatladi, D.M., Labuschagne, K., Boikanyo, S.N.B. & Morey, L. 2012. The attraction range of the Onderstepoort 220 V light trap for Culicoides biting midges as determined under South African field conditions. Veterinary Parasitology, 190, 222-229.

B. International conferences

a) Dr G.J. Venter from the ARC-OVI was invited to organise and co-moderate, together with Me E. Veronesi from IAH Pirbright, United Kingdom, a symposium on Culicoides vectors and arbovirus transmission at the Society of Vector Ecology (SOVE) meeting in St Augustine, Florida, USA. The proceedings of the meeting were not published.

C. National conferences

a) Labuschagne, K. & Scholtz, C.H. 2012. The use of morphometrics as a tool to confirm species status within Culicoides species groups. Proceeding of the Big Five Congress, the South African Association of Veterinary Technologists, 30 – 31 October 2012. Berg en Dal, KNP, South Africa.

b) Page, P.C., Labuschagne, K., Venter, G.J., Schoeman, J.P. & Guthrie, A.J., 2012. Efficacy of alpha- cypermethrin treated mesh against Culicoides biting midges. In: Faculty of Veterinary Science, Faculty Day, 6 September 2012.

c) Fick W.C., Maritz-Olivier C., Venter G.J. & Kekoa E., 2012. Adapting a novel vector-control mechanism for the haematophagus midge Culicoides imicola in South Africa. In: Abstract book of the 5th Gauteng Agriculture and Rural Development Annual Research Symposium. : 15. (Fick W.C., Maritz-Olivier C., Kekoa E., University of Pretoria).

D. Other

I. Original research articles reviewed

1. Multiple linear regression model for forecasting bluetongue disease outbreak in sheep of North- West agroclimatic zone of Tamil Nadu, India; Sep 17, 2012. Veterinary World

2. Epidemiological investigation of bluetongue virus antibodies in sheep in Iran; Jul 17, 2012. Veterinary World

3. Seroprevalence and S7 gene characterization of bluetongue virus in the West of Iran Mar 28, 2012. Veterinary World.

II. Dissertation submitted:

Mr. Julian Liebenberg from the University of Free State, South Africa submitted her MSc dissertation titled : The species composition and bio-ecology of Culicoides spp. (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) frequenting livestock in the central Free State, South Africa.

Dr. G.J. Venter was her co-promoter.

III. Presentations at International meetings

a) B.A Lubisi, 2012. The status of OIE listed diseases in South Africa with special reference to the diseases present in the country, clinical presentation in susceptible animals, and the control measures taken. Seminar delivered on 23 May, at Konkuk University, 1 Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-701, South Korea

b) B.A Lubisi, 2012. OIE listed diseases in South Africa with special reference to the status of diseases in SA, the OVI’s mission and organizational structure, and research work performed on the diseases for which OVI carries the OIE Reference Laboratory status. Seminar delivered on 24 May at the Animal, Plant and Fisheries Quarantine and Inspection Agency, 175 Anyang-ro, Manan-gu, Anyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea

Annual reports of OIE Reference Laboratories, 2012 9