Science Chapter 9 Rocks & Minerals Study GUIDE Test on WEDNESDAY

Science Chapter 9 Rocks & Minerals Study GUIDE Test on WEDNESDAY Study with an adult for at least 40 minutes and get to bring a snack to eat during the test I studied the book and this guide with (student)______for at least 40 TOTAL minutes this week. You can study over several days. Parent Signature______.

Reread Chapter 9 including photos & captions, diagrams, and text. Study notes in lab book. You may sign your lab book out but must return it by Wednesday. Key points:

Rocks & Minerals

Rocks are made up of ONE or MORE minerals

All minerals have a geometric shape (cube, octahedron, pentagonal prism, etc.) because of how the particles are arranged

All minerals are inorganic (not made of living things)

Some common minerals: gold, quartz, copper, diamonds

Properties of minerals:

Luster (shiny or not)

Cleavage: breaks in chunks / Fracture: breaks in straight sheets when hit with a hammer

Color: what color it leaves on a scratch plate

Three layers of soil: 1. Topsoil: mixture of small rock pieces, humus & organic matter 2. Subsoil: Less organic matter and a build up of minerals 3. Parent rock: very little organic matter mostly rock

 Weathering is the process that breaks down exposed rock  Soil with a lot of HUMUS will be very dark brown  Forests have rich dark soil because of the large amount of dead and decaying organic matter  Bacteria benefits polluted soil because they can break down the contaminants making them safe  The soil layer with the greatest amount of organic matter is the topsoil  Clay is a fine grained soil that holds water really well.  Mosses and Lichen grown on small pieces of rock and break down more rock releasing minerals.  How soil forms: Bacteria, fungi, and plants grow in tiny cracks. As they grow they break the rock apart. When they die, they decay and become humus, the organic part of the soil. Science Chapter 9 Rocks & Minerals Study GUIDE Test on WEDNESDAY Study with an adult for at least 40 minutes and get to bring a snack to eat during the test I studied the book and this guide with (student)______for at least 40 TOTAL minutes this week. You can study over several days. Parent Signature______.

Types of Rocks

Igneous:

Formed when magma, the molten rock inside the Earth, cools and hardens. Can form when lava cools. Some igneous rock forms inside the Earth and cannot be seen until the rock above it wears away. An example is Basalt

Metamorphic:

Formed by chemical reactions or by Heat and Pressure that changes one type of rock into another type of rock

Made from sedimentary or igneous rock. Marble is an example

Sedimentary:

Formed from pieces of rocks and minerals. Forms in layers with the oldest layer at the bottom. May contain fossils Layers are evident in this type of rock Limestone is an example

Moh’s Hardness Scale 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Talc ______Diamond