Supplementary Material (Available on Line, Not Printed Form)

Supplementary material (available on line, not printed form)

Appendix S1: Vegetation map of the 20 landcover types in Dadia National Park and sites sampled. Forest types: P - pine , Q - oak, BL - broadleaved

1 Appendix S2: Sites sampled in the Dadia National Park. Habitat codes refer to Annex I of the

Directive 92/43/EEC (European Commission 2003). Codes in parenthesis refer to the additional

Hellenic habitat types (Dafis et al 2001).

Site description Habitat type Site Site area code code (ha)

Pinewoods P1 *9530 5 (Sub-) Mediterranean pine forests (Pinus nigra)

P2 9540 20 Mediterranean pine forests (Pinus brutia)

P3a 9540 15 Mediterranean pine forests (P. brutia) P3b with scrub undergrowth 5

PQa Thermophilous pine-oak forests 9540 X (924A) 20 Pine-oak forests PQb 20

Oak forests Q1 (924A) 20 Thermophilous oak woodlands (Quercus .frainetto/cerris)

Q2a (924A) 20 Thermophilous oak woodlands Q2b (Quercus pubescens) 20

Q3a (924A) 20 Thermophilous oak woodlands Q3b (Q.pubescens) with scrub undergrowth 20

Q4 Q. pubescens open woodlands (924A) 20

BL1a Alluvial forests (Alnus glutinosa) *91E0 10 Broad-leaved woods BL1b 10

BL2a 9340 15 Scrubs and woodlands with Arbutus BL2b unedo. 15

BL3 (934A) X *6220 10 Thermo-Mediterranean and pre-desert scrub (Ph. latifolia) X pseudosteppe with grasses and annuals.

Heaths Ha Garrigues of Eastern Mediterranean (5340) 10

2 Hb (Erica arborea) 10

Grasslands G1 (5350) X 6420 10 Pseudomaquis X Mediterranean tall humid grasslands

Pseudo-steppe with grasses and G2a annuals *6220 5

G2b 10

G3 Semi-natural dry grasslands and 6210 scrubland facies on calcareous substrates 5

Agricultural A1a Field crops (1020) 20

Land A1b (1020) 20

A2a Rural mosaics (field with hedges) (1020) 20

A2b (1020) 20

Mosaics M1a (5350) X 6510 20 Mosaic: pseudomaquis X lowland hay M1b meadows 20

M2 Mosaic: pseudomaquis x lowland hay 10 meadows X Mediterranean humid (5350) X 6510 X grasslands 6420

Total 30 16 445

*Priority habitat type of Annex I of the Dir. 92/43/EEC.

3 Appendix S3: Database of the 189 species of the six biological groups used in data analysis (see Kati

et al. 2004b)

Woody plants Orchids Platycleis escalerai Emberiza melanocephala

Acer monspessulanum Anacamptis pyramidalis Platycleis incerta Erithacus rubecula

Alnus glutinosa Cephalanthera epipactoides Platycleis intermedia Fringilla coelebs

Arbutus andrachne Cephalanthera longifolia Platycleis sepium Galerida cristata

Asphodelus aestivus Cephalanthera rubra Poecilimon brunneri Garrulus glandarius

Carpinus orientalis Dactylorhiza romana Poecilimon zwicki Hippolais olivetorum

Cistus salviaefolius Epipactis helleborine Pterolepis germanica Hippolais pallida

Clematis vitalba Himantoglossum caprinum Sphingonotus caerulans Hirundo rustica

Clematis viticella Limodorum abortivum Tettigonia viridissima Lanius collurio

Colutera arborescens Ophrys mammosa Tylopsis lilifolia Lanius senator

Cornus mas Orchis coriophora Aq. herpetofauna Lullula arborea

Cornus sanguinea Orchis fragans Bombina variegata Luscinia megarhynchos

Crataegus monogyna Orchis laxiflora Bufo bufo Melanocorypha calandra

Cytisus villosus Orchis mascula Pseudepidalea viridis Milaria calandra

Erica arborea Orchis morio group Emys orbicularis Motacilla alba

Ficus carica Orchis purpurea Hyla arborea Motacilla cinerea

Fraxinus ornus Orchis tridentata Mauremys rivulata Muscicapa striata

Jasminus fruticans Orchis ustulata Rana dalmatina Oenathe oenathe

Juniperus oxycedrus Platanthera clorantha Pelophylax ridibundus Oriolus oriolus

Ligustrum vulgare Serapias vomeracea Lissotriton vulgaris Parus caeruleus

Lonicera sp. Orthoptera Ter. herpetofauna Parus lugubris

Loranthus sp. Acrida ungarica Ablepharus kitaibelii Parus major

Malus sp Acrometopa servillea Lacerta viridis/trilineata Parus palustris

Morus alba Acrotylus insubricus Pseudopus apodus Passer domesticus

Paliurus spina-christi Acrotylus patruelis Ophisops elegans Phoenicurus phoenicurus

Phyllirea latifolia Aiolopus strepens Podarcis erhardii Phylloscopus bonelli

Pinus brutia Bucephaloptera bucephala Podarcis muralis Phylloscopus collybita

Pinus nigra Calliptamus barbarus Podarcis taurica Picus viridis

Populus nigra Chorthippus bornhalmi Testudo graeca Regulus ignicapillus

4 Prunus dulcis Chorthippus parallelus Eurotestudo hermanni Riparia riparia

Prunus persica Conocephalus hastatus Birds Saxicola rubetra

Prunus spinosa Decticus verrucivorus Aegithalos caudatus Saxicola torquata

Pyrus amygdaliformis Dociostaurus maroccanus Alauda arvensis Serinus serinus

Pyrus communis Euchorthippus declivus Anthus campestris Sitta europaea

Pyrus sp. Gryllus campestris Calandrella brachydactyla Streptopelia decaocto

Quercus cerris Locusta migratoria Carduelis carduelis Streptopelia turtur

Quercus frainetto Melanogryllus desertus Carduelis chloris Sturnus vulgaris

Quercus pubescens Metrioptera oblongicollis Certhia brachydactyla Sylvia atricapilla

Rosa glutinosa Oecanthus pellucens Cettia cetti Sylvia cantillans

Rubus sp. Oedaleus decorus Coccothraustes coccothraustes Sylvia communis

Rubus ulmifolius Oedipoda caerulescens Corvus corax Sylvia curruca

Salix cinerea Oedipoda germanica Corvus corone Sylvia hortensis

Salix fragilis Oedipoda miniata Delichon urbica Sylvia melanocephala

Sambucus nigra Omocestus minutus Dendrocopos major Troglodytes troglodytes

Sorbus domestica Omocestus rufipes Dendrocopos medius Turdus merula

Sorbus torminalis Paracaloptenus caloptenoides Dendrocopos minor Turdus philomelos

Tamus communis Paranocarodes chopardi Dendrocopos syriacus Turdus viscivorus

Ulmus sp. Pezotettix giornae Emberiza cirlus Upupa epops

Vitis vinifera Pholidoptera aptera Emberiza hortulana

5 Appendix S4: Ecological heterogeneity indices and species richness for each site sampled

Ecological Heterogeneity Indices Species richness

Site code SIDI ECON SHAPE NL 1/D Total Woody Orchids Orthoptera Aquatic Terrestrial Birds plants herpetofauna herpetofauna

P1 0.00 0.00 1.33 2.00 1.50 29 1 2 7 1 3 15

P2 0.00 0.00 1.38 4.00 2.80 25 2 1 2 0 2 18

P3a 0.01 18.53 1.29 4.00 5.26 39 8 1 8 0 2 20

P3b 0.00 0.00 1.53 2.00 2.25 32 6 1 8 0 3 14

PQa 0.60 13.52 2.01 5.00 4.59 55 14 6 12 0 4 19

PQb 0.35 9.51 1.68 5.00 3.27 61 13 4 12 4 4 24

Q1 0.00 0.00 1.30 2.00 1.50 39 3 4 9 0 2 21

Q2a 0.00 0.00 1.50 2.00 1.67 41 2 0 17 0 5 17

Q2b 0.12 0.00 1.91 2.00 1.50 32 2 0 8 0 3 19

Q3a 0.29 7.89 1.58 4.00 5.26 49 5 1 11 0 7 25

Q3b 0.34 0.00 2.92 3.00 4.00 56 7 0 15 0 7 27

Q4 0.54 15.75 1.62 5.00 5.99 64 9 6 19 0 3 27

BL1a 0.30 9.39 2.29 3.00 2.10 48 12 0 3 3 2 28

BL1b 0.59 2.53 1.84 4.00 2.80 31 2 0 3 3 2 21

BL2a 0.30 6.78 1.21 3.00 2.10 40 7 3 6 0 1 23

BL2b 0.00 0.00 1.15 4.00 2.80 38 7 2 6 0 0 23

BL3 0.49 8.88 2.38 1.00 1.00 39 5 0 10 0 2 22 Ha 0.08 0.00 1.28 2.00 1.50 42 3 0 11 0 6 22

Hb 0.00 0.00 1.25 2.00 1.50 36 4 0 10 0 4 18

G1 0.60 3.31 1.84 3.00 10.00 59 7 5 15 3 3 26

G2a 0.04 0.00 1.35 3.00 5.99 36 6 0 7 0 3 20

G2b 0.38 0.00 2.13 3.00 5.99 42 6 0 9 2 4 21

G3 0.16 0.00 1.57 2.00 3.00 40 4 0 13 0 2 21

A1a 0.00 0.00 1.11 0.00 0.00 37 1 0 15 4 2 15

A1b 0.16 17.67 3.07 0.00 0.00 41 2 0 13 5 2 19

A2a 0.42 86.09 4.69 4.00 10.00 72 16 0 16 4 2 34

A2b 0.48 69.70 4.80 4.00 7.52 74 19 0 13 6 2 34

M1a 0.66 0.00 2.63 5.00 9.35 80 21 8 11 2 2 36

M1b 0.73 7.17 1.98 4.00 5.26 58 9 0 12 3 3 31

M2 0.67 5.56 2.23 5.00 10.53 77 10 7 17 5 5 33

SIDI: Simpson’s Diversity Index of landcover types, ECON: mean edge contrast index, SHAPE: area-weighted mean patch shape index, NL: Number of vegetation layers, 1/D: Simpson’s Diversity Index of vertical structure. Appendix S5: Average proportion (%) of the species richness that is maintained in a number of λ max

reserve networks, designed after the four approaches for each group. In , where λ = 1, 2, 3… λ max number of sites, designed after the four approaches. In the complementary approach, 100% of species are preserved in the network of λ max number of sites, but less

Biological group Stot λ max Reserve design approach

Complementary Scoring EH CEH Random

woody plants 48 8 83 79 64 48 38

orchids 19 5 79 72 62 45 24

orthoptera 38 5 82 75 64 66 47

aquatic herpetofauna 9 3 85 81 67 74 26

terrestrial herpetofauna 9 3 89 85 56 63 42

birds 66 9 85 80 75 69 62

all groups 189 33 84 79 65 61 40