New England MA, RI, CT, NH

Name______Period______13 Colonies Organizer

New England – MA, RI, CT, NH LAND – thin, rocky soil, lots of forests CLIMATE – harsh winters, mild summers, red clay soil in parts, FARMING – mostly subsistence OTHER ECONOMIC ACTIVITY – fur trade, timber, shipping, ship building Colony Founder Reason Economic Religion Government Base/Occupation Massachusetts William Pilgrims Crops, livestock, Puritan -Theocracy (government Bradford wanted to lumber, run by church - Puritans) 1620/ separate shipping -Only voters were white John from men of the faith Winthrop Church of 1630 England, later joined by Puritans who wanted Church reform Rhode Island Roger Religious Farming, Puritan -Governor and general Williams freedom – shipbuilding, assembly 1636 escaping lumber, fishing Religious -Self-governing religious freedom conflict in for all -Separation of church MA and state Connecticut Thomas Religious Farming, cattle, Puritan -Self-governing Hooker freedom – hunting, -Free white property 1636 escaping shipbuilding, Religious owners could vote religious fishing freedom -Fundamental Orders of conflict in for all CT limited gov’t power MA New Captain Religious Crops, livestock, Puritan Hampshire John freedom lumber, -Self-government Mason shipping, fishing Greater - Royal colony 1623 Expand religious fishing diversity industry Middle Colonies – NY, PA, DE, NJ LAND – rich soil CLIMATE – regular rainfall, not as harsh as NE FARMING – small to medium size farms, cultivated native plants (corn, squash, tomatoes) and introduced European plants (wheat and barley) Colony Founder Reason Economic Religion Government Base/Occupation New York Henry Economic – Fur trapping, -Self-governing Hudson Expansion lumber, Freedom -Proprietary colony given working of trade shipping of religion to the Duke of York for Dutch, -British appointed given to governor British -Elected assembly passes laws and taxes

Pennsylvania William Religious Farming, Quakers -royal charter Penn freedom lumber, Freedom -governor appointed one 1662 and shipbuilding of religion body of legislature, voters equality elected the other

Delaware “Lower Economic – Farming, fishing Freedom -Taken by Dutch, then Counties” expansion of religion England broke of trade -Legislative assembly away from PA 1704 New Jersey Lord Economic – Mixed farming Freedom -royal colony Berkley profit from of religion - Representatives elected land sale, and royal governor expansion of trade Southern Colonies– VA, MD, SC, NC, GA LAND – tidewater (flat and marshy), piedmont (rich soil, dense forest) and highlands (mountainous) CLIMATE – hot humid summers, cold winters FARMING – varied from subsistence to cash crops (tobacco, cotton) LABOR FORCE – indentured servants, later African slaves Colony Founder Reason Economic Religion Government Base/Occupation Virginia Sir Walter Economic – tobacco Church of -Free, white, landowning Raleigh had Expansion England – men elected the idea to of trade, effected representatives to the send investment laws of House of Burgesses expedition colony -British appointed 1607 Freedom governor of religion -Self-government Maryland John Smith Lord Farming, Most -self-governing claimed area Proprietor lumber, settlers -Lord Proprietor had for England, ran the shipbuilding Catholic, most power King gave it colony but -free men elected to his friend from religious representatives to govern – Lord England as freedom Calvert a business granted

Carolinas 8 Lord Land grant Farming cash -Law system for NC North (1712) Proprietors from the crops – cotton, Religious written by John Locke and South 1663 King tobacco, indigo, freedom (1719) rice Slave trade Craftsmen

Georgia James Reformers Small farms at Religious -Self-governing Oglethorpe wanted a first, then large freedom -Royal colony 1732 place for plantations with poor people slave labor to have a fresh start (“Debtor colony”)