La Fabrication Des Objets Techniques

Sec 4 EST Technology Review Package

Checkups and follow-ups EST Questions 1–7, 9, 11, 14, A, B CHAPTER 12 and D

Manufacturing technical objects

Checkup

1 MATERIALS (pp. 386–390) 1. Depending on how they are used, technical objects are likely to be subjected to stress. Name the constraint at work in the part of the object indicated in the photos below.

2. When manufacturing a technical object, it is often necessary to define the mechanical properties of different materials in order to make the most suitable choice. Which mechanical property is sought in each of the following examples? a) a plastic that keeps its shape even when twisted .

b) wooden flooring that resists indentation by pointed objects, such as shoe heels

c) a metal that stretches well to make wire

d) a boat hull that resists shocks caused by running into shoals

e) a material that bends easily, without breaking, to make eavestroughing

2 CATEGORIES OF MATERIALS AND THEIR PROPERTIES (pp. 390–401) 3. Identify the category of material used to make the following objects. Choose from the following categories (each category may be used only once): – wood and modified wood – metals and alloys – plastics – ceramics – composites a) coins b) a sheet of plywood c) a pane of glass d) a soft-drink bottle e) a bulletproof vest

4. Which category of material would you suggest to meet the following needs? Choose from the same categories as in question 3 (each category may be used only once). a) a shiny material that conducts electricity well

b) a light, durable and inexpensive material

c) a material that combines the properties of several categories of materials

d) a natural-looking material, with variations in colour and shade, that can be shaped and assembled easily Sec 4 EST Technology Review Package

e) a durable material with low electrical conductivity and high degrees of heat resistance and hardness

5. During an experiment, a student puts two iron nails in a beaker containing an aqueous solution. One of the two nails was previously coated in grease. Which of the two nails will take longer to rust? Explain your answer.

6. In the Middle Ages, when knights had swords forged, the steel blades were heated then dipped in water.

Name the thermal treatment just described and identify the main advantage of the treatment for the eventual properties of the blade.

3 TECHNICAL DRAFTING (pp. 401–410) 7. Look at the two drawings below of a compact disk storage tower. a) Name the type of projection used in each drawing. B A

b) Could these two drawings be called general arrangements? Explain your answer.

 Question 8 is not intended for students in the EST program. 9. To manufacture a part, a student relies on the drawing opposite. a) When the actual part dimensions are checked, the width of the indentation is found to measure 22 mm. Does this part comply with the drawing? Explain your answer.

b) What is the minimum width the indentation could have?

 Question 10 is not intended for students in the EST program.

4 MANUFACTURING: TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES (pp. 410–417) 11. Drilling is one of the most frequently used techniques in the manufacture of technical objects. a) What is the purpose of drilling?

b) What are the two main factors to consider when choosing a drill bit?

c) Must the two factors in question b) also be considered when determining the speed of rotation of the drill bit? If not, what should be considered instead?

 Questions 12 and 13 are not intended for students in the EST program.

14. For which assembly technique is each of the following tools most often used? a) a hammer b) carpenter’s glue c) a soldering iron d) a screw Sec 4 EST Technology Review Package

REVIEW QUESTIONS

 Question C is not intended for students in the EST program.

A. The photo opposite shows a handsaw, a tool often used to saw wood. The cutting part of this tool is made out of steel, while the handle is made of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS). a) Which category of material does the cutting part belong to?

b) Since ABS can be remoulded when heated, which subcategory of plastics does this material belong to?

c) When the saw is used, the blade sometimes bends and then returns to its original shape. Which constraint is this part being subjected to and which mechanical property allows it to return to its original shape?

d) One of the important features of the handle is that it is difficult to deform permanently. Which mechanical property does the handle exhibit?

B. The steel used to manufacture the blade of the saw in question A has been quenched. What was the purpose of this treatment?

D. Prepare your own summary of Chapter 12 by building a concept map. Follow-up 1. If you were planning to buy some wooden boards, how could you make sure that the lumber you choose was harvested according to sustainable development practices?

2. Paper is one of the main products derived from logging. Suggest several ways in which we could limit our paper consumption.

Checkups and follow-ups EST Questions 1–13, 15–17 and CHAPTER 13 A–E

Mechanical engineering

Checkup

1 WHAT IS MECHANICAL ENGINEERING? (p. 426) 1. Name the branch of science and technology that focuses specifically on the study of technical objects with moving parts.

2 LINKING IN TECHNICAL OBJECTS (pp. 427–430) 2. Look at the bicycle opposite. a) Name the four characteristics of the link between the tires and their respective wheels. Sec 4 EST Technology Review Package Brake Bolt Explain each characteristic. housing

Head Brake tube lever

Crossbar Tire

Welding

b) Name the four characteristics of the link between the brake housing and lever. Explain each characteristic. c) Name the characteristics of the link between the crossbar and the head tube. Explain each characteristic.

3. How many degrees of freedom does the front wheel of the bicycle in question 2 have? Explain your answer.

3 GUIDING CONTROLS (pp. 431–435) 4. Look at the three objects below.

1 Handle 2 3 Rule Nut r Lever 1 Rivet Square head

Lever 2

a) For each of the three objects, name the type of guiding involved.

b) Identify the guiding component in each object. Sec 4 EST Technology Review Package

5. In each of the following statements, what factor causes the strength of the adhesion between two surfaces to vary? a) Nonslip stair treads are installed in a staircase to prevent accidents.

b) Cross-country skis usually glide better in colder weather.

c) To avoid injury, it is best not to wear leather-soled shoes when playing sports in a gym.

d) Each spring, Yuri oils his bicycle chain to protect it from premature wear.

6. In gymnastics competitions—for example, in the high bar event—athletes cover their hands with powder. a) What is the mechanical function of the powder?

b) How is the powder useful during this event?

4 MOTION TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS (pp. 435–445) 7. The motion transmission system opposite is used to direct the chute of a snow blower. a) What is this type of motion transmission system called?

b) Name the driver component in this system. What colour is it in the illustration? (See the colour illustration in the student book, p. 451.) c) Name the driven component in this system. What colour is it in the illustration? (See the colour illustration in the student book, p. 451.)

d) Does the system contain an intermediate component? If so, what is it called?

e) If the snow blower user decides to turn the chute manually, the motion transmission system could be damaged. Explain your answer.

8. Antonia is asked to build a gear train using two of the gears illustrated below.

a) Which gears should she choose for her system?

b) Which characteristic of the gears would motivate her choice?

9. Among the motion transmission systems below, identify those whose rotational motions are correctly illustrated. a) b) c) d) Sec 4 EST Technology Review Package

10. Look at the mechanism opposite. a) Which type of motion transmission system is used in this technical object?

b) Which type of gear is used in this system?

11. Based on the information provided, calculate the ratio of the gear speeds for each of the motion transmission systems below. a) b)

12. Look at the two worm and worm gear systems opposite. a) b) In which system will the rotational speed be more greatly reduced? Explain your answer.

13. In the chain and sprocket system opposite, the rotational speed of the driver sprocket is 60 revolutions per minute. Based on the information provided by the illustration, calculate the rotational Driver sprocket speed of the other sprocket. Express your answer in revolutions per minute.

 Question 14 is not intended for students in the EST program. 5 MOTION TRANSFORMATION SYSTEMS (pp. 445–449) 15. Look at the motion transformation system opposite. a) What is this type of motion transformation system called?

b) Which of the two gears will turn faster? Explain your answer.

16. A tensioner is used to tighten the wire or rope of a clothesline, as in the illustration opposite. Which type of motion transformation system is at work here?

17. Look at the motion transformation systems below. A B C D

a) What are these motion transformation systems called?

b) Which of the four systems involves an eccentric? Explain your answer.

c) What does the spring do in these systems?

d) In which of the four systems will the rod rise the highest? Sec 4 EST Technology Review Package

REVIEW QUESTIONS A. Look at the bottle of correction fluid opposite. a) Name the characteristics of the link between the cap Bottle and the brush stem.

b) Name the characteristics of the link between the cap and the bottle.

Cap c) Which part acts as a guiding control in this object? Brush stem

d) Which type of guiding is involved?

e) What characteristic of the guiding component controls the guiding?

B. Referring to the correction fluid bottle in question A, how many degrees of freedom do the following parts have? a) the cap when screwed on the bottle

b) the brush stem when attached to the cap

C. Glue sticks are among the most popular types of glue. In the tube, the glue stick is attached to a nut. Twisting the screw at the base of the tube will make the glue stick move up or down. a) What is the usual mechanical function of glue in technical objects?

b) Which part guides the glue stick motion, and which type of guiding is involved?

c) Is the system for raising or lowering the glue stick a motion transmission system or a motion transformation system? Identify the type of system at work.

d) Name the four characteristics of the link between the cap and the tube. D. Referring to the glue stick in question C, answer the following questions. a) How many degrees of freedom does the nut in the tube have? Describe them.

b) How many degrees of freedom does the cap have when it is placed on the tube? Describe them.

c) Explain why it is important for there to be adhesion between glue and parts to be glued.

E. Prepare your own summary of Chapter 13 by building a concept map.

Follow-up 1. Why is the mechanical energy from an electric motor considered “greener” than energy from a combustion engine? Give at least two reasons.

2. How can you counteract the harmful effects of combustion engines when you choose a means of transportation? Give several examples.

Checkups and follow-ups EST Questions 1–18, A and CHAPTER 14 C

Electrical engineering Sec 4 EST Technology Review Package Checkup

1 WHAT IS ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING? (pp. 458–462) 1. List five technical objects that you use every day and that could have been designed by an electrical engineer. Explain your choices.

2. What are the main differences between electrical components and electronic components?

3. How do electrical engineers represent circuits and related information?

4. Batteries are a source of direct current. Power plants generate alternating current. Explain the difference between these two types of current.

5. Explain why the following statements are false. a) Electrons flow from the positive terminal of a battery to the negative terminal. b) An electrical circuit contains only components designed to conduct current.

2 POWER SUPPLY (pp. 462–463) 6. An electrical engineer must choose a power supply for various electrical material. What is the most suitable power source for each of the following projects? a) a communications tower to be built in the Far North of Québec, beyond access to the power grid

b) a digital camera

c) a photocopier

7. Name one advantage and one disadvantage for each of the power supplies mentioned in question 6. Sec 4 EST Technology Review Package

3 CONDUCTION, INSULATION AND PROTECTION (pp. 464–468) 8. Which of the following is acting as a conductor in an electrical circuit? Explain your answer. a) the plastic casing of an electrical wire b) a metal screw wrapped with electrical wire, inside a switch c) the ceramic housing for an electrical outlet d) wiring connected to a battery

9. What kind of circuit is used to save space inside a computer?

10. Electrical wires are usually covered in plastic. a) Explain your answer.

b) Which electrical function is performed by the plastic casing?

11. Fuses and breakers perform the same function in electrical circuits. a) What is this function called?

b) Which of the two components—fuses or breakers—is the better option? Explain your answer.

12. Look at the electrical resistor opposite. (See the colour illustration in the student book, p. 479.) a) What is its resistance value?

b) What are the minimum and maxium values determined by the tolerance?

c) Which unit of measurement is used to express resistance?

d) Describe one advantage of using a resistor in an electrical circuit. 4 CONTROL (pp. 469–471) 13. When a lamp is switched off, is the electrical circuit to the light bulb open or closed? Explain your answer.

14. Choose the appropriate type of switch for the following functions. a) opening or closing two contacts at once

b) opening one or the other of two circuits

5 THE TRANSFORMATION OF ENERGY (pp. 471–472) 15. In each of the appliances below, electrical energy is converted into another form of energy. What is the resulting form of energy? A B C

6 COMPONENTS WITH OTHER FUNCTIONS (pp. 473–478) 16. Anna designs an electrical circuit for a laptop computer. The parts for the circuit are fragile, so she wants to make sure that the current flow will remain stable even when the computer is plugged into an outlet where the power supply fluctuates slightly. Which electrical component should she place at the beginning of the circuit? Explain briefly how this component works.

17. Which unit of measurement is used to express capacitance? Sec 4 EST Technology Review Package

18.Name three functions of diodes in electrical circuits.

 Questions 19 to 21 are not intended for students in the EST program.

REVIEW QUESTIONS

 Question B is not intended for students in the EST program.

A. When you go to a friend’s house and ring the doorbell, an electrical circuit is activated, and the doorbell rings. a) When you press the button for the doorbell, you close an electrical circuit. Which function does the push button perform in the circuit?

b) The doorbell is covered in plastic. Why? Which function does this small round plastic cover perform?

c) When electrons start to flow in the circuit, they pass through a coil of electrical wire wrapped around a small iron bar. What is this device called?

d) What form of energy results from this transformation?

e) The iron core inside the wire coil is attracted to a metal bar (a tone bar). When they meet, the tone bar vibrates. What is the final form of energy produced by this device?

f) Back at your friend’s house a week later, you have to knock on the door because the doorbell is not working. Your friend tells you that it has not been working since the night before, when he tried to plug in a string of lights to decorate his house. The lights came on for less than a second and then went out. What do you advise him to do? Follow-up 1. What do you think makes electronic equipment difficult to recycle?

2. What can you do in your own daily life to reduce the impact of electronic waste on the environment?