Test: Weather and Forecasting

Test Review Sheet: DNA, Mutations, and Human Genetics .

1. What process is illustrated in the above diagram below?

2. In humans, a trait can be determined by one pair or many pairs of______? The drawing below represents a pair of chromosomes. 3. The area labeled “bands” shows the location of

4. Offspring that reproduce by binary fission are genetically _____?

5. Compared to the amount of hereditary information in a human body cell, how much hereditary information is contained in a human gamete? The diagram below shows information about the reproduction and development of a rabbit.

6. Which letter in the diagram represents fertilization? The diagram below shows three generations of cell division.

7. How many cells should exist in the fourth generation?

Base your answers to questions 34 through 36 on the diagram below and on your knowledge of science.The diagram shows a model of human inheritance.

8. What is this model used to determine?

9. What is the genetic makeup of the parents?

10. Why will Aa individuals have a straight hairline rather than a peaked hairline?

11. Looking at the chart to the right what two things can you conclude?

12. What type of genotype is written as Hh? 13. In a portion of a gene, the nitrogenous base sequence is T-C-G-A-A-T. Which complementary base sequence would normally be found bonded to this section of the gene? Use the diagram below to answer questions #32.

14. What type of molecule is shown in the image above and what is its function? 15. An organism that contains two of the same alleles for a trait is said to be ______for that trait. 16. Which of the following is most clearly a benefit of genetic engineering? 17. ______can be described as different forms of a particular gene. 18. A gene or trait that appears or expresses itself over a recessive trait is called a/an? 19. Genetic engineering can be applied to many fields, including medicine and agriculture. Name one way that genetic engineering can help agriculture. 20. What are the three functions of DNA? 21. DNA replication results in two DNA molecules, ______

The diagram below shows the growth pattern of some skin cells in the human body after they have been exposed to ultraviolet radiation.

22. The cells in area X are most likely 23. What is true about the cells formed at the end of mitosis? 24. What are the two reasons why cells perform mitosis? 25. How many autosomes does a human have in each cell? 26. A set of characteristics passed from parent to offspring is______. 27. Refer to the illustration to the right. The genotype represented in box 4 in the Punnett square would

28. What advantage does a species that reproduces by meiosis have over a species that reproduces by binary fission? 29. Which disease is a result of abnormal cell division? 30. In sexual reproduction, an offspring is produced with genes from both parents. If the offspring has a new genetic variation that it got from neither of its parents, what type of mutation is this? 31. A frog has a genetic mutation in its skin cells that causes part of its skin to turn orange. The orange color allows it to blend in with most of the flowers in its particular habitat. What can be said about this mutation? 32. A genetic mutation occurs in a rabbit's muscle cell. This genetic mutation will be passed on to ____? 33. Scientists have altered the genetic code of some potato plants by inserting genes that make the plants produce an insecticide. What is this process called? 34. Mark has brown hair. His wife, Maggie, also has brown hair. Mark and Maggie have four children. Three children have brown hair, and one child has blonde hair. What is the most likely explanation for this? 35. In a particular type of cat, coat color follows the dominant/recessive pattern of inheritance. The allele for a brown coat (B) is dominant to the allele for a white coat (b). A cross between two white-coated cats would result in____? 36. A new strain of rice was developed to be resistant to popular weed killers. What could be a negative outcome from the production of this new rice variety? 37. In humans, the ability to roll one's tongue follows the dominant/recessive pattern of inheritance. The allele for tongue-rolling is dominant to the allele for non-tongue-rolling. If two homozygous parents can roll their tongues, use a punnett square to determine what the probability is that their child will also be able to roll their tongues? 38. What do we call the process of choosing parent organisms for the characteristics that we want in their offspring? 39. What is a clone? 40. How can scientists make corn or other crops that are resistant to pesticides?