Resources For Scheme Of Work: Citizenship And The News Media
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RESOURCES FOR SCHEME OF WORK: CITIZENSHIP AND THE NEWS MEDIA Appendix 1: list of commonly accepted news values
(originally developed by Johann Galtung and Mari Ruge)
1. Frequency short time span is best 2. Threshold size of event, war/accident 3. Unambiguity limited range of meanings – easy to understand 4. Meaningfulness cultural proximity – near to ‘home’ 5. Consonance matches what is expected – eg football fans misbehaving 6. Consonance with other producers of news – not too different from other newspapers 7. Unexpectedness rarity of an event - earthquake 8. Continuity a chance to make the story run –eg the Beckham family 9. Composition fits the bulletin, page or theme – a number of stories about health scares 10.Reference to elite persons celebrities – the rich and famous, soap or sport stars 11.Reference to elite nations (Russia, USA etc) Appendix 2: reading/viewing log for recorded news values
Date News story (brief summary) Source: TV/Newspaper News values that helped this story to be headline news 11 Aug Coach accident in Austria Front page of several Size of event (more than five dead) newspapers; all main TV news close to home (British holidaymakers) Appendix 3: grid for recording sources of news stories
Date News story (brief summary) Possible source Reason for guessing this source 11 Aug Coach accident in Austria Reporters on scene By-lines (credit for the article) given to the two reporters, presumably on the scene - since they include actual quotes from witnesses 11 Aug Model Kate Moss is friends again PR agent for one of the two celebrities; PR agents are paid to keep with Jade Jagger or written in response to photos snapped by celebrities in the news paparazzi Freelance photographers make their living by selling these stories – the story itself could have been written in the studio
11 Aug Man dies after saving boy from Police or emergency service daily briefing No reporter is named; emergency drowning services are a regular source of daily news for all reporters Appendix 4: grid for evaluating internet sites
Greenpeace RSPCA (provide evidence to support your opinion) (provide evidence to support your opinion) Who is the target audience and how do you know?
What style or tone do they use? Do they talk directly to you, or tell you things in the third person What colours do they use and why?
What fonts or graphics do they use and why?
Where do the links take you?
What does the site expect you to do next Appendix 5: writing frame to support campaign article: (eg to encourage participation in red-nose day)
Typical phrase to open paragraph Purpose 1. We need your help to… Direct appeal to involve the reader
2. Raising money in this way is vital because… Making your argument
3. In recent times… Example of what has been achieved in the past
4. If you became involved we could… How the reader’s help will make things even better
5. So take action now and… Invitation to accept the argument and reminder to take action Appendix 6: Prince William Article WILLS IS OUT ON HIS OARS
Oar blimey! Prince William makes a shaky start yesterday as he tries rowing for the first time since he went to Eton.
Will, 13, was spotted out on the Thames after opting to be a ‘wet bob’ – slang for rowers at the Berkshire school. Cricketers are “dry bobs.”
A pupil at the £12,400 a year school said: “Some refuse rowing because it’s for muscular boys known as thickies – but William decided he’d enjoy it.”
Discussion might bring out:
The unusual pun in the title – how does it work The way the headline is used to anchor the meaning of a picture (suggesting that Prince, rowing alone, is somehow lonely.) The attempt to replicate, in writing, conversational, informal language (‘mockney’?) Use of the quote for an unattributed source (pupil at the school The importance of numbers to given authority to news reporting The particular news values that apply The source – paparazzi with long lens? Appendix 7: selection of news headlines, with space for comment: (NB: it is better if similar headlines are taken from newspapers at the time of teaching this scheme of work)
Use the grid below, to explore language features of news headlines that occurred within the same week: Eg. a tendency to use the passive a tendency to omit finite verbs puns alliteration an absence of determiners (use of the definite article) capitalisation (or not) use and purpose of quotation marks reference to literary or cultural knowledge use of noun as pre-modifier (SIEGE BLOODBATH FEAR)
Headline Language characteristics Writing on the wall for ‘terror school’
Fear on the streets: the sniper and the mailman THE SPY WHO CAME IN FROM THE COAL
World’s big players: Bush, Blair, Kate, Phil Terrorists shot inside SA hotel Teachers wanting to be head face leadership course ULRIKHA-HA-HA
Princess’s death Outfit ‘burned in butler’s garden’ CAUGHT
Mirror story has Bing in the tail HOUNDED OUT Woman jailed for plot to kill husband DON’T STORM THE THEATRE: WE’LL ALL DIE ROVER’S RETURN
Chip shops offer fat chance for fry-drive solution SARAH PAYNE SHRINE DUMPED ON WASTE TIP GROBSMACKED
End of the road for kids’ brothel bus
THE KILLER BULLY
Chancellor’s gun-carrying son jailed for stalking rival SNIPER SNARED
Public hit at Blair in fire strike furore Hellhole jail hit by orgy of violence Police probe soldier deaths Toxic alert over fruit for pupils Life for Video copycat killer SIEGE BLOODBATH FEAR Who let my lovely little girl die on mudflats? Appendix 8: Newspaper narrative: task for sequencing exercise
TRESPASSER SENTENCED AFTER HAMMER THREATS (out of sequence)
He said: "Holding a claw hammer he verbally threatened one of the estate staff."
Thomas Green, defending, said Stevenson maintained the group had been walking over a public right of way, claiming they had every right to do so and that the dogs had not been let loose.
Don Matthews, prosecuting, said Stevenson and another man were abusive when approached by the estate staff.
David Stevenson, aged 24, of Cedar Close, Basingstoke, has been sentenced by Blandford magistrates for an offensive-weapon offence and for using threatening words or behaviour at the Longfield Estate on 29 August. After reading pre-sentence reports, he was ordered to do 60 hours' unpaid community work and pay £65 court costs.
The Bench directed that the hammer should be forfeited.
Stevenson had been warned that prison could be a sentencing option.
The incident that led to the court appearance was next to the A354 at Tarrant Hinton, during the week of the Great Dorset Steam Fair, when the estate takes on extra security staff to patrol its land and equips them with guard dogs and digital cameras to record any incidents.
A Worker at a country estate was threatened with a claw hammer after men trespassing with dogs were ordered off the land. Estate staff suspected the dogs were chasing rabbits.
"The entire incident took 20 to 40 seconds," he said.
A second man, Leonard Jones, 41, of Streatham Road, Goring-by-Sea, West Sussex has denied similar allegations.
The case against him has been adjourned for a pre-trial review at the Blandford court on Friday 7 November. TRESPASSER SENTENCED AFTER HAMMER THREATS (correct sequence)
A Worker at a country estate was threatened with a claw hammer after men trespassing with dogs were ordered off the land. Estate staff suspected the dogs were chasing rabbits.
David Stevenson, aged 24, of Cedar Close, Basingstoke, has been sentenced by Blandford magistrates for an offensive-weapon offence and for using threatening words or behaviour at the Longfield Estate on 29 August. After reading pre-sentence reports, he was ordered to do 60 hours' unpaid community work and pay £65 court costs.
The Bench directed that the hammer should be forfeited.
The incident that led to the court appearance was next to the A354 at Tarrant Hinton, during the week of the Great Dorset Steam Fair, when the estate takes on extra security staff to patrol its land and equips them with guard dogs and digital cameras to record any incidents.
Don Matthews, prosecuting, said Stevenson and another man were abusive when approached by the estate staff.
He said: "Holding a claw hammer he verbally threatened one of the estate staff."
Thomas Green, defending, said Stevenson maintained the group had been walking over a public right of way, claiming they had every right to do so and that the dogs had not been let loose.
"The entire incident took 20 to 40 seconds," he said.
Stevenson had been warned that prison could be a sentencing option.
A second man, Leonard Jones, 41, of Streatham Road, Goring-by-Sea, West Sussex has denied similar allegations.
The case against him has been adjourned for a pre-trial review at the Blandford court on Friday 7 November. Appendix 9: self-assessment grid (checklist for presence of relevant characteristics)
Does my headline contain: Give example where characteristic is present Use nouns as adjectives Omit verbs Use the passive Refer to other media texts Use puns Use alliteration Use a quote
Do my two paragraphs: tell the reader about Who (main characters What (the event) Where (place) When (time) How (description: adverbs, adjectives) What someone said (quote) The conclusion Appendix 10: grid/log for recording representation of children in the news
Source of news or Date Brief account of news report/story Positive or negative What does this say about story: tv, newspaper, representation children: radio, drama series (soap) Appendix 11: nine statements about children for diamond nine task
1. children should be seen and not heard
2. children grow up too quickly these days
3. children are very quick to pick up ideas about technology
4. children don’t make their own entertainment as they used to do
5. children are too protected
6. children get over sadness more quickly than adults – they are very resilient
7. children are essentially innocent
8. children can be very cruel
9. children don‘t respect their elders Appendix 12: writing frame to support letter to newspaper
Typical phrase to open paragraph Purpose Over the past two week in various newspapers I have read... Indication that your opinion is based on evidence Sometimes children are shown to be… For example… Positive representation examples On the other hand, they are also described as… For example… Negative representation examples My own experience suggests... (include examples) Personal, authoritative view – as a child – to suggest most children can be a
mixture When newspapers write about children, I believe that they Main argument for balance and/or accuracy in reporting about children should… If newspaper reports about children were more balanced, then … Account of benefits that accurate/balanced reporting would bring Appendix 13:outlines for news stories from which the editorial group choose (NB: these are summaries of stories actually published in the Mirror and Mail and Western Gazette. 11 Aug. 2004). They raise issues of the definition of child, and portray the child as victims, consumer, attacker etc. The selection of different stories will, clearly, raise different types of discussion.
Children robbed of the risks they need to grow up Children are too protected these days and don’t get opportunities to learn to deal with risks
Cabbage Patch Kid to Return One of the best selling toys of the eighties are making a comeback
Teen yob in knifing revenge A teenager repeatedly stabbed a boy of 15 because the boy’s evidence helped convict the teenager of a mugging
Paintballer yob hits tot A baby was shot in the arm by a paintball. The person who shot the paintball shouted ‘yeah’
Child, 14 seduced A married solicitor seduced a 14 year old girl that he met in an internet chat room
Smart Art Local children, aged between 5 and 13, are involved in a creative Arts day
Harry’s tears turn to cheers as cards found An eleven year old boy’s treasured ‘trading cards’ are stolen, but then returned by a nine year old boy who bought them In good faith Appendix 14: form for pupils to evaluate their work in this project
In terms of understanding the media, I have learned that: Complete the statements in one or two sentences. 1. News values are…
2. News can come from…
3. That news headlines often contain…
4. That news stories usually begin by…
5. That words ‘anchor’ the meaning of images in newspapers in that they…
6. That children are often represented as…
7. That editors make choices about publication based on… English Skills and Knowledge The main activities in which I One example of my skill or The main thing I still need to showed this skill or understanding work on is: understanding were: In my reading, I have I know (I can)… learnt how to evaluate information
In my reading, I have learnt how media texts affect readers
In my writing, I have learnt how to connect ideas clearly
In speaking and listening I learned how to explore ideas in role
In speaking and listening I learned how to share opinions in groups