I. the Nazis Come to Poland

The Holocaust 1939 - 1945

I. The Nazis Come to Poland A. German army invades Poland on ______1. ______and ______declare war on Germany 2. this is the beginning of ______B. Germany quickly takes control of Poland 1. fighting in Poland last only a few ______C. Changes in Poland 1. Nazis immediately begin to terrorize the ______population of Poland a. Jews singled out for most ______treatment 2. Polish Jews forced to wear yellow ______in December 1939 D. Einsatzgruppen formed 1. special SS units designed to kill Jews a. killed many ______Jews by the end of 1939 b. by the end of WWII, killed almost ______Jews II. Life in the Ghettos A. ______are sections of a city where a group of people are forced to live 1. first large ghetto set up in ______in early 1940 2. ______Ghetto set up in October of 1940 B. conditions of the Warsaw Ghetto 1. extremely ______2. very little ______i. ______people starved to death 3. ______conditions 4. poor conditions led to diseases like ______and ______C. Running the Ghettos 1. ______was the Jewish Council that would run each ghetto i. Judenrat operated under ______orders 2. tried to help and keep alive as many Jews as possible III. (Jewish) Resistance during the Holocaust A. ______resistance is peaceful 1. hiding ______and other people 2. ______food and supplies 3. holding classes to teach Yiddish B. ______resistance is peaceful 1. celebrating religious holidays (to the best of your ability) 2. holding secret religious services C. ______resistance uses violence 1. Warsaw Ghetto Uprising a. led by Mordechai Anielewicz and others b. Jews fought with guns, rifles, and homemade ______i. Germans had ______, flamethrowers, and cannons c. uprising lasted ______2. sonderkommandos burned down a ______in Auschwitz V. “The Final Solution” A. ______camps were large prisons to hold Nazi “enemies” 1. first camp (Dachau) was operating as early as 1933 2. included Jews, Gypsies, prisoners of war, and other groups 3. there were more than ______camps throughout Europe 4. many people would die at the camps built these were NOT death camps B. Hitler ordered the “Final Solution to the ______problem” in the summer of 1941 1. Wansee Conference plans the “______of Jews to the East” in Jan 1942 2. several large concentration camps became ______C. Transportation of Prisoners 1. rounded up Jews a. used trucks or made prisoners walk to train stations 2. train rides to the camps lasted several ______a. many people crowded into boxcars b. horrible conditions i. virtually no ______or ______for the entire trip ii. no ______, windows, or ______iii. many people became sick or ______D. The Death Camps 1. the 6 major camps were located in ______a. Auschwitz, Chelmno, Treblinka, Sobibor, Majdanek, and Belzec b. Why Poland? i. keep it a ______AND large population of Polish Jews 3. operated like factories of ______a. used gas chambers i. ______was a poison used b. ______used to burn bodies E. Nazi Deception of Victims 1. “______” really meant sent to ghettos or camps 2. told they were taking ______not going to gas chambers 3. “chosen” really meant picked to be killed 4. “Arbeit Macht Frei” on the gates of Auschwitz a. translates into “______will set you ______”

VI. The End of the World War II A. Major countries involved in the war included: 1. U.S., Great Britain, Soviet Union, France, and others (the ______Forces) 2. Germany, Italy, and Japan (the ______Powers) B. United States Involvement 1. enters the war after the attack on ______2. fights in ______, Africa, and ______3. defeats Japan by bombing Hiroshima and Japan 4. played important role in the Allied Powers defeating Germany D. Liberation of the Camps 1. Nazis used “death marches” to evacuate many camps as Allied Forces approached 2. Majdanek liberated by Soviet soldiers on July 24, 1944 3. Auschwitz liberated on January 27, 1945 VII. Many People Helped Victims during the Holocaust A. Risking their lives to help out 1. many non-Jews offered their houses to hide Jewish children (and families) a. these children had to live very “______” lives for their safety 2. some people would help smuggle food and supplies into ghettos B. Kindertransport 1. inspired by Kristallnacht 2. an ______program to save Jewish children under age 17 from Nazi Germany a. children could travel on trains from Germany to England b. children would live with foster families, in orphanages, or work on farms 3. program ended on September 3, 1939 (two days after World War II started) 4. the lives of ______children were save C. Many of the notable individuals include: 1. Mordecai Anielewicz – one of the leaders of the Warsaw Ghetto uprising 2. Vladka Meed – helped with the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising 3. Janus Korczak –educator who gave his life keep his students calm prior to their deaths 4. Miep Geis – hid Anne Frank and her family 5. Raoul Wallenberg – Swedish man who issued passports for Hungarian Jews to escape 6. Frederich Leitz – used his camera company (Leica) to save Jews from the Holocaust D. Yad Vashem in Israel honors the “______Among the Nations”