The Ninety Six National Historic Site S Paintings

Col. Thaddeus Kosciuszko, The Assault of Star Fort, at the Major General Nathanael Ninety Six Chief Engineer Continental Siege of Ninety Six, Greene, Commander of the National Historic Army June 18, 1781 Southern Department, Continental Army Site Paintings Patriot Military Engineer Painting: 1977 Painting: 1980 Patriot Commander Tour Born: February 12, 1746, Poland June 18, 1781 Painting: 1978 Died: October 15, 1817, Switzerland ● Noon: A cannon shot signaled the Born: July 27, 1742, Rhode Island start of the attack. 50 Patriots (Rebels) The paintings are on loan Full Name: Tadeusz Andrezej Died: June 19, 1786 Savannah, GA Bonawentura Kosciuszko called the Forlorn Hope (because of Buried: Savannah, GA courtesy of the Ninety Six Pronounced: Kos-Choos-ko their dangerous mission) rushed Chamber of Commerce. forward from the 3rd parallel toward the ● October 17, 1780: Chosen by At Ninety Six: Loyalist (loyal to the British King) held General George Washington to May 22- June 19, 1781 Star Fort. command the Southern Department. ● Patriots carried axes to cut down the ● 35 years old ● December 3, 1780: Assumed ● May 22: Convinced Patriot General abatis (sharpened felled trees to the command. Greene to set siege to the Loyalist held right of the American Flag) & fraise At Ninety Six: Star Fort. Kosciuszko reasoned that (pointed sticks around the Star). They May 22- June 19, 1781 when the Star Fort fell so would the also carried grappling hooks to tear Greene said, “Ninety Six must fall.” down sandbags at the top of the Star’s Loyalist held town and Stockade Fort. ● 38 years old walls. (Notice the Patriot near the ● May 22-23: Night. Directed a ● May 21-22: After conferring with battery for cannon to be dug starting at center of the painting) Kosciuszko, Greene decided to set The Artist: 70 yards from the Star Fort, but ● Patriots also fired from the 30 foot siege to the Loyalist held Star Fort. Robert Windsor Wilson workers were attacked by Loyalists. Maham Tower (at the very left of the Greene commanded about 1,624 troops ● Born in Ohio, 1921, he now resides ● May 23-24: Night. Directed painting). at Ninety Six. ● As the Forlorn Hope rushed the Star in Woodruff, SC. trenches to be dug starting at 300 yards ● June 3: Asked Loyalist commander ● Air Force Veteran, World War II & from the Star Fort. Fort, 60 Loyalists attacked surrounding John Harris Cruger to surrender. Korea. ● June 4: Directed Maham Tower to the Patriots in hand-to-hand fighting. Cruger refused. ● Assault lasted 45 minutes before ● Self taught painter with 40 years be built, 30 feet high and 30 yards from ● June 6: Learned that British experience. He began painting because the Star Fort. General Greene called it off. reinforcements were headed for Ninety of his interest in the Southern ● June 9-10: Night. Loyalists ● Out of the 50 men of the Forlorn Six. Hope, 30 were killed and never made it Campaign of the Revolutionary War. attacked the Patriot trenches & ● June 18: Directed assault on the Star ● These 7 paintings were commissioned Kosciuszko was wounded in “his seat back to Patriot lines. Fort. Allowed the assault because his by the Ninety Six Chamber of of honor.” men wanted to at least try to take the Commerce in the late 1970s & early ● June 20: Left Ninety Six with The Artist spent over 500 hours Fort. researching and working on the 1980s. General Greene. ● June 19: Prepared Patriot Army to painting. The Artist himself is the man withdraw from Ninety Six. with a gray beard and no coat at the ► Start your tour by going into the Painting depicts Kosciuszko with the ● June 20: Left Ninety Six to the bottom of the painting & his son is in Auditorium and turning to your Maham Tower, siege trenches, map of Loyalists. the blue Patriot coat defending his Right. Follow the paintings around the Star Fort, and sextant used in father against Loyalist attack. to the Left ending with Francis mapping. There are towns in Painting is a copy of a portrait of Marion. Mississippi & Texas, and a county in Greene that hangs in the Capital in Indiana named for Colonel Kosciuszko. ► See real swords, rifles, musket balls Washington, DC. & cannon balls in the Museum across the hall. Lt. Colonel John Harris Lt Colonel Henry Lee with Brigadier General Andrew “The Swamp Fox” Cruger, DeLancey’s Brigade Lee’s Legion Pickens with SC Militia Brigadier General Francis “Light Horse Harry” Marion with SC Militia Loyalist Commander Militia Leader Painting: 1978 Cavalry Leader Painting: 1977 Partisan & Militia Leader Born: 1738, New York City Painting: 1980 Born: September 13, 1739 Paxtang Painting: 1980 Died: June 2, 1807 London, Eng. Born: January 29, 1756, VA Twp (now in Dauphin County) PA Born: 1732 Berkley Co., SC Buried: London, England Died: March 25, 1818 Cumberland Died: August 11 or 17, 1817 SC Died: Feb. 27, 1795 Pond Bluff, SC Island, GA on way back to VA Buried: Pendleton, SC at the Old Stone Buried: Belle Isle, SC At Ninety Six: Buried: Buried 1st at Cumberland Church Nickname: British cavalryman ● 43 years old Island, GA--1913 was moved to Nicknames: “The Fighting Elder” Banastre Tarleton chased Marion for 26 ● Early August 1780: Became Loyalist Washington & Lee University, VA because of deep Presbyterian faith miles & 7 hours & could not catch him. commander at Ninety Six. Nickname: Thus named in 1779 for his ● “The Border Wizard Owl” He supposedly said, “Come, my boys! ● Fall 1780: Fortified Town & speed, horsemanship, and daring rides (SkyAgunsta) Cherokee Indians called Let us go back and we will find the Stockade. against the British. him. Gamecock. As for this d___d old fox, ● December 1780- Early 1781: Had the devil himself could not catch him!” Star Fort built. At Ninety Six: At Ninety Six: Thus the nickname “Swamp Fox” st May 22- June 19, 1781 1 Battle- (November 19-22, 1775): because Marion hid in the swamps in May 22- June 19, 1781: ● 25 years old ● 36 years old the Low Country of South Carolina to ● Commander of about 550 Loyalists ● June 8: Arrived from a battle at ● Militia Captain avoid British capture. from New York, New Jersey, & South Augusta, GA. Advised Greene to ● Fought & attended Peace meeting nd Carolina. attack Stockade & not the Star. He was 2 Battle (May 22- June 19, 1781): Ninety Six Related: ● June 3: Refused to surrender to adamantly against Kosciuszko’s plans. ● 41 years old ● 49 years old in 1781 Greene. Greene allowed Lee to try to attack the ● Before Battle: Pickens’ men ● Not at Ninety Six during either battle. ● June 13: Learned that British Stockade Fort captured British courier in route to ● 1781: Fought British troops around reinforcements were coming. ● June 8-10: Helped Pickens in Cruger at Ninety Six. Letters told Charleston, SC with Thomas Sumter ● June 21- Early July 1781: Burned directing men to dig zigzag trench 250 Cruger to abandon Ninety Six and (“The Gamecock”). This delayed the town of Ninety Six, destroyed supplies, yards West of Stockade Fort. retreat to the coast. Instead Cruger British from coming to Cruger’s aid at and then left Ninety Six to the ● June 12: Sent 10 men to set fire to thought he was supposed to hold at all Ninety Six. backcountry Patriots. abatis around Stockade. Attack failed costs. & 6 men were killed. ● June 8: Arrived from a battle at Partisan (or guerilla): an unofficial ● June 18: During attack on the Star Augusta, GA. armed group of Patriot rebels who Fort, Lee sent men to attack the ● June 8-10: Directed soldiers to dig a harassed the enemy. Stockade. After taking it, Lee wanted zigzag trench 250 yards West of the There are no recognized paintings of to move to attack the town, but Greene Stockade. Raised an earthen battery & Notice the crescent moon on Marion’s Cruger. This painting was done from stopped him. Later Lee said, “His mounted a cannon. paintings and pictures of Cruger’s cap engraved with the word [Koscuiszko’s] blunder lost us Ninety ● June 11: Greene sent him to aid known relatives. “LIBERTY.” Six.” Thomas Sumter against the British It’s a symbol of the SC militia. ● Lee’s Legion: Created 1779. relief column. Reported to Greene in SC, January 13, Cruger’s red coat signifies his 1781 with 100 horsemen & 180 The Staff of Ninety Six National allegiance to the British/ Loyalist side infantry soldiers. Uniforms are similar Brother, Joseph Pickens, was killed of the Revolutionary War. Historic Site hopes you enjoyed your to British Cavalrymen under Banastre during the 1781 siege. tour of these historic paintings. Tarleton. Pickens’ blue coat identifies him as a Father of Robert E. Lee Patriot during the Revolution.