Chapter 22-Enlightenment and Revolution-Guided Notes

Name ______Date ______Hour ______

Chapter 24-Nationalist Revolutions Sweep the West-Guided Notes Section 1-Latin American Peoples Win Independence

Central America South America

Colonial Society Divided (pg. 681-682)

In Latin American Society, Class Dictated People’s Place in Society • Peninsulares– • Mestizos-People of mixed ______and ______ancestry • Creoles-Spaniards born ______– Could not hold high-level office but • Mulattos-People of ______could rise in rank in the army and ______ancestry

Revolutions in America (pg. 682)

Revolution in Haiti – Saint Domingue (Haiti) was the 1st Latin territory to ______. – ______led the revolution until he was sent to a French prison – Jean-Jacques Dessalines declared them independent on ______• Haiti means “______” Name ______Date ______Hour ______

Creoles Lead Independence (pg. 682-683)

• Creoles- • Simon Bolivar- – ______oppressed of those – August 1819-Bolivar led ______in Latin American and the soldiers through the ______educated and won a surprise victory • Brought ideas of the – 1821-Bolivar won ______back ______’s independence and from Europe marched into ______where he • The South American Wars of met ______independence rested on the achievements of ______• Jose de San Martin- and ______– 1817-San Martin helped free ______

• Grand Colombia-The future countries of ______, ______, ______, and ______that united to form one country

Mexico Ends Spanish Rule (pg. 685-686)

A Cry for Freedom Mexico’s Independence • Miguel Hidalgo- – Mexico’s Independence- – A priest from Dolores who took the – 1820-Mexico’s creoles feared first step towards ______independence – They united in their support of • Poor but ______man Mexico’s independence and in who supported the ______gained it ______• ______, 1810-Hidalgo rang – Central America’s Independence- the bells from his church and – 1823-Central America declared ______their independence from – He and his 80,000 man ______, taking the name army were defeated the ______America Name ______Date ______Hour ______

Brazil’s Royal Liberator (pg. 655)

• Brazil’s Quest for Independence- – Brazil declared their independence without ______. • They also had help from ______'s royal family – 1822-______Brazilians signed a petition to have ______rule Brazil • He agreed and ______Name ______Date ______Hour ______

Chapter 24-Nationalist Revolutions Sweep the West-Guided Notes Section 1-Latin American Peoples Win Independence

Central America South America

Colonial Society Divided (pg. 681-682)

In Latin American Society, Class Dictated People’s Place in Society • Peninsulares –Spaniards born on the • Mestizos-People of mixed Iberian peninsula, they were the only European and Italian ancestry ones able to hold high office in the colonial government • Mulattos-People of European • Creoles-Spaniards born in Latin America and African ancestry – Could not hold high-level office but could rise in rank in the army

Revolutions in America (pg. 682)

Revolution in Haiti – Saint Domingue (Haiti) was the 1st Latin territory to free itself from European rule – Toussaint L’Ouverture led the revolution until he was sent to a French prison – Jean-Jacques Dessalines declared them independent on January 1, 1804 • Haiti means “mountainous land” Name ______Date ______Hour ______

Creoles Lead Independence (pg. 682-683)

• Creoles- • Simon Bolivar- – Least oppressed of those in – August 1819-Bolivar led 2,000 Latin American and the best soldiers through the Andes and won a educated surprise victory • Brought ideas of the – 1821-Bolivar won Venezuela’s enlightenment back from Europe independence and marched into • The South American Wars of Ecuador where he met San Martin independence rested on the • Jose de San Martin- achievements of Simon Bolivar and – 1817-San Martin helped free Chile Jose de San Martin

• Grand Colombia-The future countries of Venezuela, Colombia, Panama, and Ecuador united to form one country

Mexico Ends Spanish Rule (pg. 685-686)

A Cry for Freedom Mexico’s Independence • Miguel Hidalgo- – Mexico’s Independence- – A priest from Dolores who took the – 1820-Mexico’s creoles feared first step towards Mexico’s the loss of their privileges independence – They united in their support of • Poor but well educated man Mexico’s independence and in who supported the 1821 gained it enlightenment • Sept. 16th, 1810-Hidalgo rang – Central America’s Independence- the bells from his church and – 1823-Central America declared called for the rebellion their independence from – He and his 80,000 man Mexico, taking the name the army were defeated United Provinces of Central America Name ______Date ______Hour ______

Brazil’s Royal Liberator (pg. 686)

• Brazil’s Quest for Independence- – Brazil declared their independence without blood shed • They also had help from Portugal's royal family – 1822-8,000 Brazilians signed a petition to have Dom Pedro rule Brazil • He agreed and Brazil received their independence