(1) Appendix

Table S1. Mean performance data across all courses. Change in Score was calculated by subtracting pretest scores from posttest scores; negative values indicate an average decrease in performance. Cohen’s d effect size was calculated by dividing Change in Score by pooled standard deviation of pre- and posttest scores; negative values indicate losses from pretest to posttest. Change in Treatment Institution, Region PreScore PostScore Cohen's d Score Control Master’s University, West 12.06 13.15 1.09 0.12 Control Master’s University, West 12.91 10.09 -2.82 -0.30 Control Moderate Research University, West 9.50 9.46 -0.04 -0.01 Control Research University, Midwest 2 13.36 11.43 -1.93 -0.20 Control Research University, Northeast 2 10.46 11.71 1.25 0.16 Control Treatment Mean 11.66 11.17 -0.49 -0.04 Module Associate's College, Midwest 11.43 11.62 0.19 0.02 Module Associate's College, Northeast 15.30 20.23 4.93 0.45 Module Associate's College, Southeast 10.69 12.28 1.59 0.20 Module Associate's College, Southwest 10.08 14.06 3.97 0.53 Module Associate's College, West 14.45 17.00 2.55 0.24 Module Baccalaureate College, Southeast 1 13.46 16.39 2.93 0.30 Module Baccalaureate College, Southeast 2 14.17 16.28 2.11 0.21 Module Baccalaureate College, Southeast 3 10.44 12.03 1.59 0.20 Module Baccalaureate College, Southwest 16.25 18.33 2.08 1.23 Module Baccalaureate/Associate's College, Southeast 10.05 11.32 1.26 0.48 Module Master's University, Midwest 1 10.77 11.92 1.15 0.40 Module Master's University, Midwest 2 15.15 18.08 2.92 1.52 Module Master's University, Midwest 3 14.46 14.08 -0.38 -0.13 Module Master's University, Midwest 4 15.27 16.65 0.45 0.17 Module Master's University, Southeast 15.08 18.00 2.92 1.15 Module Research University, Midwest 1 11.28 15.40 4.12 1.42 Module Research University, Northeast 1 14.00 14.86 0.86 0.36 Module Research University, Northeast 2 13.10 17.20 4.10 2.06 Module Research University, Southwest 14.10 16.50 2.40 1.07 Module Treatment Mean 13.13 15.38 2.20 0.63