Study Guide: Spontaneous Generation, Chemistry and the Scientific Method

EVOLUTIONARY THEORY, CLASSIFICATION & NATURE OF SCIENCE TEST REVIEW STANDARD 8

1. Explain all the ways that a person can “observe” the world around them. ______2. What is the difference between a hypothesis and a theory? ______3. What does CONPTT stand for? Give an example of each. ______4. Name something that is “supernatural” and explain why science can’t study it. ______5. What are the steps of the Scientific Method? a. ______b. ______c. ______d. ______e. ______6. What is a variable? ______7. What are the different types of variables? a. ______b. ______8. Explain the two types of observations and give an example of each a. ______b. ______9. What are examples of some constants in a lab? ______10. What is a control group? ______11. What are the “Inferences” that Darwin made after his trip on the HMS Beagle? a. ______b. ______c. ______d. ______e. ______12. Explain why Darwin's Finches all have different bills and different diets. ______a. What type of evolution is this? ______13. Explains Lamarck’s theory ______a. What did he call the traits? ______b. Give an example other than the giraffes ______c. Was his theory valid? ______14. What is a species? ______15. What is an adaptation? ______16. What is a variation? ______17. What is natural selection? ______18. List the different lines of evidence for Evolution and give an example of each a. ______b. ______c. ______d. ______e. ______19. For both sets of structures, Identify if they are Homologous or Analogous and explain how you know!

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20. What is a Vestigial Structure? Give and example ______21. What are the two ways that a new species is produced. Explain each. i. ______ii. ______22. What is it called when a species changes into two new species: a. Slowly over time? ______b. Rapid spurts of change? ______c. Which one is supported by the fossil record? ______23. List the different types of evolution and give an example of each. a. ______b. ______c. ______d. ______24. Name the Kingdoms and give one special trait of each of the 5 kingdoms a. ______b. ______c. ______d. ______e. ______25. What general traits are used to classify them a. ______b. ______c. ______d. ______26. What are the different types of arthropods? Describe what makes them different a. ______b. ______c. ______27. What does the term vertebrate mean? ______28. What are the different types of vertebrates? List a special trait for each one a. ______b. ______c. ______d. ______e. ______29. What are the different types of mammals? List a special trait for each one a. ______b. ______c. ______

Possible Short Answers:  What does it mean for an organism to be “fit” or “survive”?  Explain the theory of “Acquired Characteristics” including whose theory it was, whether it is valid & an example  Describe the following parts of an experiment including Independent Variable, Dependent Variable and Control  Describe the process natural selection by explaining the four inferences Darwin made.  Why it it important that we use classification to name organisms? Give examples.