A. Who Were the Two Native Groups of Ayiti?

HANDOUT: Spanish rule of its colony Hispaniola Key Word :Encomienda System : A system, part of mercantilism in Spain’s New World possessions which allowed conquistadors to enslave as many people needed to work a plantation.

1. From Ayiti To Hispaniola To Haiti and Santo Domingo To What is Known today as Haiti and the Dominican Republic: Located in the Caribbean, between Cuba, Puerto Rico and Jamaica, the island of Haiti has two nations: the Republic of Haiti and the Dominican Republic. When Christopher Columbus made his first landing in the northern part of what is now the Republic of Haiti in 1492, he met two groups of natives the Arawak and Tainos Indians, they called their island Ayiti. Quickly the Spanish began to take over Ayiti and made it their colony renaming it Hispaniola, meaning “Little Spain”. Spain became the Mother Country took Ayiti’s gold. The Tainos, and Arawak Indians were forced to do the work. There were as many as 3,000,000 to 4,000,000 Tainos on the island in 1492. Around 50 years later, most of the Tainos in Hispaniola were dead due to hard living conditions as slaves, organized massacres, or diseases they caught from the Spanish. In 1697 Spain loses the western part of Hispaniola is given to France. By 1804 Haiti becomes independent; former slave Jean- Jacques Dessalines declares himself emperor. a. Who were the two native groups of Ayiti? ______b. What two mother countries controlled Hispaniola? ______c. What happened to most of the natives of the island of Ayiti? ______

2. SPAIN’S ENCOMIENDA SYSTEM IN HISPANIOLA: a. Because we desire the Indians to be converted to the Catholic religion…I command you, Governor, that you will compel and force the Indians to associate with the Christians of the island and to work on their buildings, and to gather and mine gold and make food; and you are to have each one paid for the day he works. Each Spanish person shall take charge of a certain number of Indians.. They shall be treated as free people not slaves. –Queen Isabella of Spain 1503

b. The person who is in charge of the colony shall build for every 20 Indians one house that is 30 feet by 15 feet. The Indians will have to build these houses, they also are required to plant corn and will be given a dozen chickens for their own property. Also a church shall be built so that the Indians may pray and hear good advice of priests… on Sunday they shall be given pots of cooked meat..

How were the Indians treated in your reading? How would you feel if this was you? ______PENINSULAR

CREOLE

MESTIZO

MULATTO

NATIVE AMERICANS/ AFRICANS

Peninsular: Had to be born in Spain or who had both parents of Spanish birth, governors, wealthy, merchants.

Creole: Had to have one parent born in Spanish, and one American born Spanish parent, large land owners, wealthy.

Mestizo: When a Native American and person born in Spain married, shopkeepers, rented small houses from landowners, skilled workers.

Mulatto: those having both white and black parents, usually worked in city areas as skilled workers.

Native Americans: most peoples of any number of groups that had originally lived in the Americas, peasants, poor, farm work, mining.

Africans: people that originally came from Africa, during the colonial period worked as slaves on farms, in homes, and in city areas, etc.

 How did race and place of birth affect a person’s role in Spanish Colonies?  Would you want to live On a Spanish colony?  What might happen to the different groups shown above over a long period of time?  How can an African or Native American move up in this society?

______

OPTIONAL READING: AFRICANS, NATIVES, AND CHRISTIANITY: Vodou (also spelled Voodoo) is a traditional African religion that spread from West Africa to Hispaniola with the slave trade. In addition, Vodou had been practiced by the native Taino Indians long before the Europeans or Africans came. Vodou is a ceremonial practice/ religion that is used to communicate with ancestors, or with sacred spirits called IWA. These Iwa are also commonly associated with spirits that the Yoruba people of the country Nigeria in Africa. During colonial rule, Africans kept Vodou hidden from the Europeans and combined Vodou with Christianity. Even today mixing Christianity with Vodou is a common practice held by many. In 2003 President Aristide declared Voodoo an official religion in Haiti. 1. What is Vodou? 2. What does this reading tell you about African and Native beliefs? ______AIM: WOULD YOU WANT TO LIVE ON A SPANISH COLONY? CASE STUDY: SPANISH RULE IN HISPANIOLA

Motivation: Overhead

1. What do you see? 2. Would you want to live on an island with these people?

AIM DEVELOPMENT: Using the key words AFRICANS, NATIVES, AND SPANISH can anyone create a question we need to answer based on our opening discussion?

TRANSITION: Today we will be learning about Spanish colonial rule in Latin America, and we will be focusing on the island of Hispaniola. We will be looking at how the Spanish governed their colonies as well as the how the Spanish decimated native populations, as well as used slavery to collect the raw materials from the colony of Hispaniola. ______READING #1: From Aiti to Hispaniola… have students finish this reading on their own and fill in a web diagram labeled Hispaniola with the main ideas of the first reading.

BOARD NOTES:

I. SPAINISH COLONIES -Religion Catholic -took land from natives -used slaves for labor -main crops sugar, cotton, cocoa ______READING #2: Encomienda System, students will finish reading Encomienda in Hispaniola and answer the questions beneath the reading in their notebooks, or on their handout.

II.Encomienda System -was a way to force Indians to work for the Spanish ______ASSIGNMENT: Students will read and analyze the class system of Colonial Latin America and complete the following assignment when they are done:  How did race and place of birth affect a person’s role in Spanish Colonies?  Would you want to live On a Spanish colony?  What might happen to the different groups shown above over a long period of time?  How can an African or Native American move up in this society?

______SUMMARY: have students write a brief reflection to today’s lesson by answering the aim in their notebooks.