Name ______KEY______HW: Key Words in Function of Organelles Using the list below, fill in the “Key Word(s)” which describes each organelle or cell structure.
1. F 8. D 15. I 2. A 9. C 16. N 3. B, C 10. P 17. M 4. E 11. J , I 5. H 12. G 6. Q 13. L 7. K 14. O
Using the list below, fill in the “letters which describes each organelle or cell structure.
A. selectively permeable J. surface for protein synthesis and transport B. control center K. detoxification/ lipid synthesis C. genetic information L. protects chromosomes D. power house M. used in animal cell division only E. food production N. cell contents F. digestion/hydrolysis O. water and solute compartment in plant cells G. internal support, cilia and flagella P. protein package and distribution center H. support structure (plants, bacteria & fungi) Q. site of ribosome synthesis I. site of protein synthesis
______1) lysosome ______2) cell membrane ______3) nucleus ______4) chloroplast ______5) cell wall ______6) nucleoli ______7) smooth ER ______8) mitochondria ______9) chromosomes ______10) Golgi apparatus ______11) rough ER ______12) cytoskeleton ______13) nuclear envelope ______14) large, central vacuole ______15) ribosomes ______16) cytoplasm ______17) centrioles Biology CP Name ______HW: How to Interpret Drawings of Plant and Animal Cells
Objective: You will be asked to label the different structures in a cell and will use simple techniques to determine the identity of structures.
Information: Use the following characteristics to help identify parts of a cell.
1) cell membrane—Outermost part of cell. Can easily be confused with the cell wall (see below). 2) cell wall—If the cell is labeled plant, bacteria or fungi, look for a cell wall on the outside of the cell membrane. Sometimes drawn as mesh or fiber-like material. 3) nucleus—Usually easy to locate, the largest structure in the cell. Normally oval or round in shape. The nucleus usually has a line to the center of the circular body. 4) nuclear envelope—The membrane around the nucleus. Usually with obvious nuclear pores or holes. Can be confused with the nucleus so look for labels that might apply to each part. 5) chromosomes—Usually in the form of chromatin, a spaghetti like group of DNA strands. Occasionally the chromosomes are shown as X-shaped structures within the nucleus. 6) nucleolus—Dark area(s) (nucleoli) within the nucleus. It is part of the DNA and will be mixed in with the chromatin. Each nucleus will have one to three nucleoli drawn in. 7) mitochondria—Usually peanut or jelly bean shaped with a squiggle or worm shape within. May be confused with the chloroplast in a plant cell. 8) chloroplast—Usually has oval to mound shape. Membranes inside are usually stacked like papers. 9) rough ER—Membranes normally located just outside the nucleus and dotted with obvious ribosomes. 10) ribosomes—Represented as small, free floating dots in the cytoplasm or attached to the outside of the rough ER. 11) smooth ER—Similar to rough ER, usually further away from the nucleus than the ER, never with dots. 12) Golgi apparatus—Shown further away from the nucleus than the ER, looks like stacks of pita bread with small dots (vesicles) to each side. 13) vacuole—Easily identified as a large, central, fluid filled space in a plant cell. Food vacuoles are much smaller. Contractile vacuoles are star-shaped. 14) vesicle—Small, fluid filled organelles in animal cells. Easily confused with the lysosome in an animal cell. 15) lysosome—Found in animal cells. They are easily confused with vesicles but sometimes with various internal features such as small food particles. 16) centrioles--Always shown as a pair, next to the nucleus, and only in animal cells. Look like little, cylindrical stacks of tubes. Sometimes shown in cross section as a swirl of lines or commas. 17) cytoplasm—Usually labeled with a line pointing to the inside of a cell but not to any particular structure.
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Page 2 Directions: Label the organelles in the diagram below of a typical PLANT cell. Note that there isn’t a line to label the chromosomes or cytoskeleton. You won’t find centrioles, vesicles, or lysosomes in a plant cell.
Label the following Animal cell: Note that there isn’t a line to label the cytoskeleton. You won’t find a chloroplast, vacuoles or cell wall in an animal cell. Biology Honors Name______Cell Formative
Part 1: Multiple Choice: Choose the best answer for the following questions.
1. Part of the cell theory states that A. no two cells carry out the same functions B. new cells arise only from already existing cells C. all organisms are made of more than on cell D. some known organisms are not made of cells
2. The scientist who stated that all cells come from pre-existing cells was A. Matthia Schleiden C. Robert Hooke B. Rudolf Virchow D. Mark Stern E. Brian Carey
3. Which of the following are made of DNA and protein? (fill in all that apply) A. chromosomes B. chromatin C. nucleolus D. ribosomes E. nuclear membrane
4. Which of the following is true concerning chloroplasts and mitochondria? A. chloroplasts in plant cells perform similar functions to the mitochondria in animal cells B. mitochondria are found only in animal cells, while chloroplasts are found only in plant cells C. because animal cells do not have chloroplasts, the mitochondria must synthesize glucose as well as break it down D. chloroplasts produce glucose in plant cells, while mitochondria produce energy in plant and animal cells
5. Which of the following is false about cell size? A. a 1 cm3 cell has a higher surface area-to volume ratio than a 2 cm3 cell B. a 3 cm3 cell would have a higher surface area-to-volume ratio than a 1 cm3 cell C. a 6 cm3 cell would be able to exchange materials with its environment easier than a 3 cm3 cell D. both B and C are true (it’s true that they are both false!)
6. Which of the following is true about prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms? A. prokaryotic organisms are all unicellular, while eukaryotic organisms are all multicellular B. prokaryotic organisms are all multicellular, eukaryotic organisms are all unicellular C. prokaryotic organisms can be unicellular or multicellular, while eukaryotic organisms are only multicellular D. prokaryotic organisms are all unicellular, while eukaryotic organisms can be unicellular or multicellular
7. Which of the following is incorrect concerning the structure of a chloroplast? A. grana is in the cytoplasm C. both thylakoids and stroma are in the chloroplast B. thylakoids are in the stroma D. chlorophyll is in the thylakoids 8. The cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell contains: Fill in all possible letters that are correct. A. protein B. organelles C. water D. sugars E. cytoskeleton
9. Which 2 of the following structures could you find in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells? A. mitochondria and cytoplasm C. cell wall and ribosomes B. ribosomes and ER D. plasma membrane and nucleus
10. Choose ALL the correct answers: You muscle cells are different from your nerve cells because A. they contain different chromosomes C. they produce different proteins B. they produce different messenger RNAs D. they contain different genes E. different genes are “turned on”
11. Which of the following substances can pass through the phospholipid bilayer? (The region only contains phospholipids) A. water B. Na+ ions C. glucose D. fatty acids E. amino acids
12. Which of the following is not true? A. compounds are made up of atoms B. cells are made up of tissues C. organelles are made up of compounds D. cells are made up of molecules E. organs are made up of tissues
Part 2: Short Answer-Read each question carefully. Think about your answer before you begin writing. Be clear and concise. Restrict your answers to the lines provided.
1. List 3 types of proteins that are found within a membrane and explain their function. When explaining their function give a specific example of what they do.
1.___receptors______2. __enzymes______3. __transport channels ______2. Why is it better for the mitochondria to have a folded membrane instead of a non-folded membrane, as shown below?
Include the function of the mitochondria in your answer.
vs.
_____surface area ! for the enzymes of aerobic C/R. ______
3. The internal scaffolding that supports the cell and helps suspend the organelles is called the ___cytoskeleton______
What 2 structures help to make up this scaffolding?
___microtubules (tubulin)______
___microfilaments (actin)______
4. Make a diagram of an enlarged section of the molecules that make up the part of the organelle shown below: Label the molecules. 5. Put the following events involving the production of a secretory protein in correct order.
A. The protein travel through the ER’s interior space B. The vesicle containing the protein fuses with the plasma membrane. C. DNA is copied into mRNA D. Amino acids are resembled into a protein E. The vesicle containing the protein buds off the Golgi F. mRNA binds to the ribosome G. The protein undergoes final refinement
1.__C____ 2. __F____ 3. __D____ 4. __A____ 5. ___G___ 6. __E____ 7. __B____
6. One cell needs to communicate with another cell in the body. Cell A needs to Cell B to produce a particular molecule. Name 2 compounds that would be important in the communication between these cells; one from cell A and one from cell B.
Cell A:___hormone (messenger molecule)______
Cell B: ___receptor protein in membrane______
7. What 2 processes are involved in the production of ribosome? Explain your answer.
Transcription (rRNA & mRNA for ribo.proteins) and translation (of ribo.protein)
8. How is the DNA of a Eukaryotic cell organized differently than the DNA of a prokaryotic cell?
Prokaryotic – single circular chromosome (no histones) & may have plasmid Eukaryotic – multiple linear chromosomes (much larger genome)