Appendix: Directly Reported Water, Production, and Electricity Data

Appendix: Directly reported water, production, and electricity data

A.1 Water & production data

Directly reported water usage and consumption on a per unit basis (m3/vehicle) are provided in Table A. 1 and categorized according to activity. In this table, only Volkswagen’s water consumption is a derived value. Volkswagen directly reports per unit water usage, however, it also provides per unit wastewater figures of 3.72, 4.00, 3.88, 3.92, and 3.82 m3/vehicle for the years 2006 through 2010, respectively (Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft 2011). Thus Volkswagen’s manufacturing water consumption is taken to be the difference of these two values (e.g. 1.19 m3/vehicle in 2010). Also in Table A. 1, it should be noted that multiple years’ data are included for Toyota due to discrepancies in the reported data between successive years’ sustainability reports. Part of this discrepancy is due to the 2010 report giving manufacturing water consumption and the 2011 report giving company-wide water consumption. However, the reported manufacturing water figures are higher than the company-wide water figures leading us to question the validity and classification of one of the year’s data.

Table A. 1 Directly reported per unit water usage and consumption (m3/vehicle)

Usage (m3/vehicle) Consumption (m3/vehicle) Activity References OEM 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 (BMW Group 2010) p. BMW 2.99 2.61 2.56 2.56 2.31 - - - - - Mfg. 86-87 (Ford Motor Company Ford 7.60 6.20 5.60 5.20 4.80 - - - - - Mfg. 2011b) p. 378 General Comp.- (General Motors - - - - 4.70 - - - - - Motors wide Company 2011b) p. 36 (Volkswagen Volkswagen 5.44 5.38 5.34 5.40 5.01 1.72 1.38 1.46 1.48 1.19 Mfg. Aktiengesellschaft 2011) p. 66 Comp.- (Kia Motors Corporation Kia ------4.80 4.90 4.90 wide 2011) p. 81 Daimler Cars ------6.20 5.80 6.00 - Mfg. (Daimler 2010) p. 2 Daimler ------13.1 12.2 18.1 - Mfg. (Daimler 2010) p. 2 Trucks (Toyota Motor Toyota 2010 - - - - - 4.10 4.10 4.60 4.40 - Mfg. Corporation 2010a) p. 33 (Toyota Motor Comp.- Toyota 2011 ------3.60 3.80 3.60 3.70 Corporation 2011c) p. wide 33 (Toyota Motor Toyota - - - - - 4.23 3.72 3.02 3.56 3.84 Mfg. Corporation Australia Australia Ltd. 2011) p. 39 Mfg = Manufacturing, Comp.-wide = Company-wide

Directly reported water inflows and outflows are provided in Table A. 2 in m3. Chrysler did not publish its first sustainability report until 2010 which accounts for the lack of water data prior to that year. For the information listed in Table A. 2, the difference between water input and water discharge for a particular OEM is water consumption. These values for BMW, Chrysler, Mazda, and Nissan are provided in Error: Reference source not found. As Honda and Daimler directly report water consumption in cubic meters, these values are also included in Error: Reference source not found. Note that multiple years’ data are included for Daimler and Honda due to discrepancies in the reported data between successive years’ sustainability reports.

Table A. 2 Directly reported water inflows and wastewater discharges (m3)

OEM Water Input (m3) Activity References 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 All years: (BMW Group 2010) BMW 3,500,197 4,017,541 3,682,420 3,222,376 3,418,916 Mfg p. 87 Comp.- (Chrysler Group LLC 2011a) p. Chrysler - - - - 10,684,609 wide 59 2006: (Hyundai Motor Comp.- Company 2011) Hyundai 16,852,000 14,793,000 16,800,000 16,987,000 19,662,000 wide p. 45, 2007-2010: (Hyundai Motor Company 2012) p. 43 2006: (Mazda Motor Corporation 2007b) p. 49, 2007: (Mazda Motor Corporation 2008b) p. 47, 2008: (Mazda Comp.- Mazda 28,800,000 20,900,000 15,930,000 14,861,000 15,269,000 Motor Corporation 2009b) 41, wide 2009: (Mazda Motor Corporation 2010b) p. 39, 2010: (Mazda Motor Corporation 2011b) p. 41 All years: (Nissan Motor Co. Nissan 23,676,000 22,802,000 20,902,000 15,629,000 25,851,000 Mfg Ltd. 2011b) p. 37 OEM Water Discharge (m3) Activity References 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 BMW - - - - 2,427,754 Mfg (BMW Group 2010) p. 86 Comp.- (Chrysler Group LLC 2011a) p. Chrysler - - - - 7,057,625 wide 59 2006: (Mazda Motor Corporation 2007b) p. 49, 2007: (Mazda Motor Corporation 2008b) p. 47, 2008: (Mazda Comp.- Mazda 20,600,000 8,330,000 7,670,000 7,313,000 7,607,000 Motor Corporation 2009b) 41, wide 2009: (Mazda Motor Corporation 2010b) p. 39, 2010: (Mazda Motor Corporation 2011b) p. 41 All years: (Nissan Motor Co. Nissan 17,401,000 16,987,000 15,970,000 10,436,000 19,784,000 Mfg Ltd. 2011b) p. 37 Mfg = Manufacturing, Comp.-wide = Company-wide

Table A. 3 Calculated water consumptions for reported water inflows and discharges OEM Water Consumption (1,000 m3) Activity References 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

BMW - - - - 991 Mfg Chrysler - - - - 3,626 Company-wide 14,74 Daimler 2008 15,190 - - - Mfg (Daimler 2008a) p. 39 0 15,40 Daimler 2010 - 16,200 12,000 - Mfg (Daimler 2010) p. 2 0 15,67 14,08 Daimler 2011 - - 11,886 Mfg (Daimler 2011a) p. 3 3 3 18,13 26,80 33,30 Honda 2010 22,632 33,800 Comp.-wide (Honda Motor Company 2010) p. 15 0 0 0 11,70 11,70 Honda 2011 - - 11,800 Comp.-wide (Honda Motor Company 2011) p. 45 0 0 Error: Reference source not Mazda 8,200 12,570 8,260 7,548 7,662 Comp.-wide found Error: Reference source not Nissan 6,275 5,815 4,932 5,193 6,067 Mfg found Mfg = Manufacturing, Comp.-wide = Company-wide

Production data for the twelve OEMs between 2006 and 2010 are provided in Table A. 4. These figures are taken predominantly from sustainability or annual reports where available. In the case of Chrysler, Ford, Hyundai, and Kia, however, production figures for select years were unavailable. In this case, data from the International Organization of Motor Vehicle Manufacturers (OICA) was used.

Table A. 4 Number of vehicles produced by OEMs from 2006 to 2010

OEM 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 References BMW 1,366,838 1,541,503 1,439,918 1,258,417 1,481,253 All years: (BMW Group 2011) p. 5 2006: (OICA 2007), 2007: (OICA Chrysler 2,544,590 2,538,624 1,893,068 953,694 1,571,662 2008), 2008: (OICA 2009), 2009- 2010: (Chrysler Group LLC 2011b) 2006: (Daimler 2008b) p. 92, 2007- Daimler 37,111 38,188 42,106 32,666 39,405 2008: (Daimler 2009) p. 100, 2009- Buses 2010: (Daimler 2011b) p. 132 2006: (Daimler 2008b) p. 82, 2007- Daimler Cars 1,230,951 1,300,089 1,338,245 1,031,562 1,312,456 2008: (Daimler 2009) p. 90, 2009- 2010: (Daimler 2011b) p. 122 2006: (Daimler 2008b) p. 86, 2007- Daimler 509,511 468,967 472,942 235,474 360,896 2008: (Daimler 2009) p. 94, 2009- Trucks 2010: (Daimler 2011b) p. 126 2006: (Daimler 2008b) p. 92, 2007- Daimler Vans 252,767 289,649 296,492 156,667 227,975 2008: (Daimler 2009) p. 100, 2009- 2010: (Daimler 2011b) p. 130 Daimler 2,030,340 2,096,893 2,149,785 1,456,369 1,940,732 Total 2006: (OICA 2007), 2007: (Ford Motor Company 2008), 2008: (Ford Ford 6,506,847 5,522,000 4,451,000 4,695,000 5,351,000 Motor Company 2009), 2009: (Ford Motor Company 2010), 2010: (Ford Motor Company 2011a) 2006-2007: (General Motors General Corporation 2008), 2008-2010: 9,181,000 9,286,000 8,144,000 6,503,000 8,714,000 Motors (General Motors Company 2011a) p. 45 2006: (Honda 2008), 2007-2008: Honda 3,633,000 3,911,000 3,957,000 3,012,000 3,643,000 (Honda 2009), 2009-2010: (Honda 2011a) 2006: (OICA 2007), 2007: (OICA 2008), 2008: (Hyundai Motor Company 2009) p. 13, 2009: Hyundai 2,505,027 2,617,725 4,185,702 4,630,786 3,626,151 (Hyundai Motor Company 2010a) p. 13, 2010: (Hyundai Motor Company 2010b) p. 13 2006: (OICA 2007), 2007-2009: (Kia Motors Corporation 2010) p. 20, Kia 1,270,722 1,369,198 1,395,580 1,545,835 2,138,802 2010: (Kia Motors Corporation 2011) p. 73 2006: (Mazda Motor Corporation 2007a), 2007: (Mazda Motor Corporation 2008a), 2008: (Mazda Mazda 1,285,320 1,286,808 1,349,274 983,867 1,307,540 Motor Corporation 2009a), 2009: (Mazda Motor Corporation 2010a), 2010: (Mazda Motor Corporation 2011a) 2006: (Nissan Motor Co. Ltd. 2007) p. 42, 2007: (Mazda Motor Nissan 3,428,981 3,431,398 3,395,065 2,953,216 4,053,701 Corporation 2008a), 2008: (Mazda Motor Corporation 2009a), 2009- 2010: (Nissan Motor Co. Ltd. 2011a) Toyota 9,017,786 9,497,754 9,225,236 7,234,439 8,557,351 2006: (Toyota Motor Corporation 2007), 2007: (Toyota Motor Corporation 2008), 2008: (Toyota Motor Corporation 2009), 2009: (Toyota Motor Corporation 2010b), 2010: (Toyota Motor Corporation 2011d) Toyota All years: (Toyota Motor Corporation 111,600 148,900 141,400 96,800 119,500 Australia 2011b) 2006: (Vokswagen Aktiengesellschaft 2007) p. 2, 2007-2008: (Vokswagen Volkswagen 5,659,578 6,191,618 6,346,515 6,054,829 7,357,505 Aktiengesellschaft 2009) p. 1, 2009- 2010: (Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft 2011) p. 3

Table A. 5 summarizes the directly reported non-manufacturing water data for Toyota Australia, Chrysler, and Honda. Toyota Australia provides water consumption data for 2007 through 2010 (Toyota Motor Corporation Australia Ltd. 2011). Chrysler reports a 2010 non-manufacturing discharge to public sewers of 561,188 m3 (Chrysler Group LLC 2011a). Though Chrysler’s non-manufacturing discharge neglects any water lost through consumption, this loss is assumed to be small such that the 561,188 m3 approximates total non- manufacturing water usage and enables comparison with other OEMs’ reported values. Honda provides relative non-manufacturing water data in both its 2010 and 2011 sustainability reports, but only in the 2010 version are exact figures retrievable and only for the year 2010. In this document, Honda reports water data for tap water, groundwater, and rainwater for manufacturing-related activities by region as shown in Error: Reference source not found. This information is maintained as water consumption data here so that it can be compared to the company-wide figures presented in Error: Reference source not found. The actual classification is unclear as the source table is titled “Manufacturing-related energy and water consumption, and waste by region” whereas the specific row header delineating the water figures is titled “Water use” in Honda’s 2010 sustainability report (Honda Motor Company 2010). Summing all of the data in Table A. 6 yield a manufacturing water consumption of 26,095,000 m3 which, when subtracted from the 2010 company- wide water consumption of 33,300,000 m3 (Honda Motor Company 2010), equals a non-manufacturing water consumption of 7,205,000 m3.

Table A. 5 Directly reported non-manufacturing water use/consumption data

Use (m3) Consumption (m3) Activity References OEM 2010 2007 2008 2009 2010 Toyota (Toyota Motor Corporation Australia Ltd. - 56,508 32,277 41,230 31,670 Non-manufact. Australia 2011) p. 39 Chrysler 561,188 - - - - Use Discharge (Chrysler Group LLC 2011a) p. 59 Honda 2010 - - - - 7,205,000 Non-manufact. (Honda Motor Company 2010) p. 15

Table A. 6 Honda 2010 reported manufacturing-related water consumption (Honda Motor Company 2010) North South Regional Water Use Europe Asia/Oceania China Japan America America Tap water (1,000 m3) 2,031 129 410 4,872 3,543 4,074 Groundwater (1,000 m3) 1,692 1,128 71 3,907 64 4,084 Rainwater (1,000 m3) 14 0 3 8 0 65

A.2 Electricity data

Energy consumption data are usually reported in automotive sustainability reports. The data are available in a variety of units (MWh/vehicle, TJ, GWh, TOE/year) which have been converted to a MWh/vehicle basis in Table A. 7 and Table A. 8. Eleven OEMs report energy consumption on a global basis (Table A. 7), however, regional data were also collected where available (Table A. 8) to perform a more localized analysis.

Table A. 7 Directly reported global total energy consumption by OEM Energy Total Energy OEM Year Units Consumption Reference Consumption (MWh/vehicle) BMW 2006 3.28 MWh/vehicle 3.28 (BMW Group 2010) p. 87 2007 2.78 MWh/vehicle 2.78 2008 2.8 MWh/vehicle 2.80 2009 2.89 MWh/vehicle 2.89 2010 2.75 MWh/vehicle 2.75 (Chrysler Group LLC 2011a) Chrysler 2010 27,128,999 GJ 4.79 p. 55 Daimler 2008 10,972 GWh 5.10 (Daimler 2011a) p. 61 2009 8,937 GWh 6.14 2010 10,328 GWh 5.32 (Ford Motor Company 2011b) Ford 2005 3,272 kWh/vehicle 3.27 p. 375 2006 3,576 kWh/vehicle 3.58 2007 3,173 kWh/vehicle 3.17 2008 3,561 kWh/vehicle 3.56 2009 3,272 kWh/vehicle 3.27 2010 3,087 kWh/vehicle 3.09 (General Motors Company GM 2005 3.56 MWh/vehicle 3.56 2011b) p. 35 2010 2.59 MWh/vehicle 2.59 Honda 2009 40,400 TJ 3.73 (Honda 2011b) p. 18 2010 42,900 TJ 3.27 (Hyundai Motor Company Hyundai 2006 36,040 TJ 4.00 2011) p. 23 (Hyundai Motor Company 2007 34,278 TJ 3.64 2012) p. 38 2008 37,219 TJ 2.47 2009 37,183 TJ 2.23 2010 42,384 TJ 3.25 (Kia Motors Corporation 2011) Kia 2008 300,100 TOE/yr 2.50 p. 44 2009 281,000 TOE/yr 2.11 2010 328,800 TOE/yr 1.79 (Mazda Motor Corporation Mazda 2006 20,273 TJ 4.38 2007b) p. 50 (Mazda Motor Corporation 2007 21,938 TJ 4.74 2008b) p. 48 (Mazda Motor Corporation 2008 16,609 TJ 3.42 2009b) p. 42 (Mazda Motor Corporation 2009 13,455 TJ 3.80 2010b) p. 40 (Mazda Motor Corporation 2010 14,384 TJ 3.06 2011b) p. 64 (Nissan Motor Co. Ltd. 2011b) Nissan 2006 28,148 TJ 2.28 p. 30 2007 27,902 TJ 2.26 2008 23,331 TJ 1.91 2009 23,491 TJ 2.21 Energy Total Energy OEM Year Units Consumption Reference Consumption (MWh/vehicle) 2010 32,337 TJ 2.22 (Volkswagen Volkswagen 2006 2.89 MWh/vehicle 2.89 Aktiengesellschaft 2011) p. 64 2007 2.66 MWh/vehicle 2.66 2008 2.71 MWh/vehicle 2.71 2009 2.81 MWh/vehicle 2.81 2010 2.55 MWh/vehicle 2.55

Table A. 8 Directly reported regional total energy consumption by OEM Energy Total Energy OEM Region Year Units Consumption Reference Consumption (MWh/vehicle) Honda Japan 2008 17170 TJ 3.77 (Honda 2011b) p. 44 2009 14740 TJ 4.87 2010 15040 TJ 4.21 South (Hyundai Motor Hyundai 2008 28505 TJ 2.90 Korea Company 2012) p. 38 2009 26459 TJ 2.68 2010 29711 TJ 4.73 (Nissan Motor Co. Ltd. Nissan Japan 2006 17011 TJ 3.96 2011b) p. 30 2009 14912 TJ 4.63 2010 19059 TJ 4.67 North (Nissan Motor Co. Ltd. Nissan 2006 6419 TJ 1.43 America 2011b) p. 30 2009 4231 TJ 1.61 2010 7133 TJ 1.95 (Nissan Motor Co. Ltd. Nissan Europe 2006 2945 TJ 1.26 2011b) p. 30 2009 2590 TJ 1.84 2010 2870 TJ 1.51 North (Toyota Motor Toyota 2007 6.7 MMBTU/vehicle 1.96 America Corporation 2011a) p. 25 2008 6.9 MMBTU/vehicle 2.02 2009 7.6 MMBTU/vehicle 2.23 2010 7.5 MMBTU/vehicle 2.20

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