Round 11 by Maryland (Phil Durkos, Dan Goff, Noah Grosfeld-Katz, Kara Mohler, Eric Newman

2004 Terrapin Invitational Tournament Round 11 by Maryland (Phil Durkos, Dan Goff, Noah Grosfeld-Katz, Kara Mohler, Eric Newman and Sandeep Vaheesan)

Toss-Ups:

1) It was made in response to sales of government lands skyrocketing over 20 million dollars in a period of four years. Large speculators rather than homesteaders bought most of this land. The president, who was reminded of the fortune he had once lost, wanted to bring the situation under control. However, it contracted the money supply too rapidly and led in part to the panic of 1837. FTP, name this issuance involving Levi Woodbury on July 11, 1836 that required payment in gold or silver for all purchases of government lands under Andrew Jackson. ANSWER: Specie Circular

2) Tampa Bay Buccaneers owner Malcolm Glazer recently has launched a highly publicized takeover attempt for this club. Despite fielding leading players like Ruud Van Nistelrooy, Ryan Giggs and Cristiano Ronaldo, it has been overshadowed by rivals Arsenal and Chelsea over the past year. FTP, identify this English Premier League team managed by Sir Alex Ferguson that plays its home matches at Old Trafford. ANSWER: Manchester United

3) He began work as a graphic artist, having learnt lithography techniques in 1830 and been employed on Charivari and La Caricature. He was imprisoned in 1832 for his anti-monarchical satire of Louis Philippe as Gargantua. Becoming blind in old age, he was rescued from poverty by Corot. Degas collected his work and they were appreciated by Delacroix, Baudelaire and Balzac. During his lifetime he had produced over 4,000 lithographs of political and social comment. FTP, name this French artist who created the painting Don Quixote, The Chess Players, and Third Class Carriage. ANSWER: Honore Daumier

4) Prominent younger writers Yury Olesha and Vsevolod Ivanov were deeply influenced by his style, which he called neorealism, despite his exile. His training as a naval engineer influenced such early works as “Provincial Tale” and “Fisher of Men,” while his late works are mostly satires of Soviet life, such as “The Society of Honorary Bellringers.” When he published his major work, only his friend Gorkiy’s influence with Stalin allowed him to choose exile over death. FTP, identify this Russian author best-remembered for his 1929 novel “We.” ANSWER: Yevgeny Ivanovich Zamyatin

5) There are several theories about its origin, including an abiogenic theory developed by Thomas Gold that states that because hydrocarbons are lighter than rocks, the hydrocarbons seep upwards through rocks and are converted into liquids that are most often found in the upper strata of the Earth’s crust and are typically a brown or greenish color. FTP, what is this common liquid, created by the metamorphosis of decayed plant and animal material, and then distilled in refineries? ANSWER: Petroleum (also accept oil)

6) Among the objects observed by this platform include Cassiopeia A, the Crab Nebula, and galaxies M31 and M82. It was first put into orbit in 1999, aboard the space shuttle Columbia. Instead of the standard parabolic mirror, the emissions being tracked require a mirror made of nested cylindrical surfaces coated with iridium. Its name is Sanskrit for “luminous” or “moon.” FTP, what is this space observatory, named for the Indian physicist who determined the mass limit for a white dwarf to collapse into a neutron star? ANSWER: Chandra X-ray Observatory

7) This novel was the fourth novel written by its author and also his best known. It focuses on Valentin, a Marxist revolutionary, and Molina, a homosexual window-dresser, who share a prison cell for six months. The author became most popularly known to the English-speaking public for the critically acclaimed 1985 screen adaptation of his book starring William Hurt, Raul Julia and Sonia Braga. The novel was first published in Spanish in 1976 as El beso de la mujer arana, then translated and published in English in 1979. FTP, name this work by Manuel Puig. ANSWER: Kiss of the Spider Woman (accept Spanish title before given)

8) Both the sixth and the eighth married Cleopatra II, and after her death the eighth married Cleopatra III. The seventh never ruled, the thirteenth ruled jointly with Cleopatra VII, and both the fourteenth and fifteenth were married to Cleopatra VII, who was also married to two guys named Caesar and Antony herself. For ten points, name the common eponym of this Egyptian dynasty, founded by one of Alexander the Great's most trusted generals. ANSWER: Ptolemy (or Ptolemaic dynasty)

9) This man's time at the Virginia Military Insitute led him to service in the US Army beginning in 1901. During WWI, he was planning and training the 1st Infantry Division, and then promoted to the American Expeditionary Force. Appointed aide-de-camp to General Pershing in 1919, he spent the next several years teaching at the Army Warfare College and in China. Promoted to Brigadier General in 1936, he was named Time's Man of the Year in 1944. Who was this man, named Army Chief of Staff from 1939 to 1945 and, FTP, 1953 Nobel Peace Prize winner for his European Recovery Plan? ANSWER: George C. Marshall

10) Recent cover stories have included “Beating cancer: The new frontier of molecular medicine” and “The right plan for Iraq.” It was first published in September 1843 primarily to advocate a repeal of the Corn Laws. Charlemagne and Lexington are two noted columnists who write about European and American affairs, respectively. FTP, identify this British publication presumably intended for practitioners of the dismal science. ANSWER: The Economist

11) The name's the same. One is a mountain range along the Iberian Peninsula, mainly in the Andalusian region. Mulhacén is the highest peak in the range, and its high elevation makes skiing possible close to the Mediterranean Sea. The other is a mountain range first created during the Jurassic Era by the collision of an island arc with North America. For ten points, what is this mountain range, whose North American analog includes Yosemite National Park and Mount Whitney? ANSWER: Sierra Nevada

12) The main character is attacked in his bathtub by a creature he mistakes for a “marmot,” unleashed on him by a Nihilist band called Audobon, of whom a female member has cut off a toe and sent it to the husband of a friend they supposedly kidnapped. Nearly every character in the film is notable, but they include Brandt, Bunny, Donny, Walter, “The Jesus,” and “The Dude,” the nickname of, FTP, the title character of this 1998 Coen Brothers masterpiece. ANSWER: The Big Lebowski

13) The Talcott Parsons translation was the only English version of it available until 2001. It argues that certain societies’ emphasis on the moral value of work is what allowed them to prosper. Its thesis challenges the determinism of Marx and posits the importance of religion in fostering economic development. FTP, identify this landmark 1905 Max Weber treatise. ANSWER: The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism

14) In its development, atoms were treated as hard spheres with dimensions corresponding to their van der Waals radii. Angles that cause spheres to collide correspond to sterically disallowed conformations of the polymer. Since both of the alpha carbon’s bonds in an amide are relatively free to rotate, this development is useful when dealing with the torsional angles of rotation in the main chain of a polypeptide. FTP, biochemists often use this type of plot named after a twentieth century Indian physicist. ANSWER: Ramachandran Plot

15) She was born in 1934, and married her husband John Gregory Dunne 30 years later. In her early career, she worked for Vogue before publishing essays in such collections as The White Album, and Slouching Toward Bethlehem. FTP, who is this novelist, most famous for commenting on American culture and politics through such works as A Book of Common Prayer and Play it as it Lays? ANSWER: Joan Didion

16) Xanthus and Belius, Achilles’ horses during the siege of Ilium, were his sons by his coupling with Amphitrite, the goddess of still waters. He was the youngest of four sons of Eos, the Dawn, and was a close companion to Apollo. However, when Apollo became infatuated with the beautiful young man Hyacinth, this god recruited his volatile brother Boreas to freeze Hyacinth to death. FTP, identify the Greek god of the west wind. ANSWER: Zephyr

17) He challenged traditional assumptions of perfect information in markets with his pioneering concepts of adverse selection and moral hazard. For his contributions to the field of asymmetric information, he shared the 2001 Nobel Prize in Economics with George Akerlof and Michael Spence. He has lately won plaudits from “globophobes” for his criticisms of the World Trade Organization. FTP, name this Columbia University economist who wrote Globalization and Its Discontents. ANSWER: Joseph Stiglitz

18) Semiautobiographical in nature, the hero is based on the author’s own teacher, by whose example he learned to live life rather than contemplate it. The hero’s last words, after a long and passionate life, are “If any priest comes to confess me or give me communion, then send him away with my curse! Men like me should live a thousand years!” FTP, identify this novel celebrating the Dionysian Ideal, the most famous work of Nikos Kazantzakis. ANSWER: Alexis Zorbas or Zorba the Greek

19) A legend maintains that while he was employed as a shoemaker’s apprentice he stole a suitcase, which when opened was found to be full of Communist flyers, and thus he was imprisoned with other Communists though he had no previous contact with the party. FTP, name this man, a member of the PCR, who succeeded Gheorghiu-Dej, adopted the title conducator, married Elena, and was dictator of Romania until his execution in 1989. ANSWER: Nicolae Ceauşescu (Chow-shess-koo)

20) This quantitative property of atoms increases as you move along a row of the periodic table, and decreases as you go from top to bottom. For Helium it is equal to 2372.3 kJ/mole. FTP, what is this periodic quantity, which is always positive and an example of which would be the 1312.0 kJ/mole needed to convert Hydrogen to H+? ANSWER: Ionization Energy

21) Among the greatest logicians of his time, he prefigured the Socratic method by accepting his opponent’s precepts in an argument and building on them to illustrate his own points, for which reason Aristotle credits him with inventing the dialectic. One of the most significant figures of the Eleatic school of philosophy, he was the favorite pupil of Parmenides. FTP, identify the Greek philosopher who demonstrated that Achilles could not outrun a tortoise using the paradox that now bears his name. ANSWER: Zeno of Elea (do not accept Zeno Citiades or Zeno of Citium)

22) Michael Jordan claimed that this work was one of his favorite novels. In the movie version, Mekhi Phifer and Don Cheadle starred as the inmate and the inmate’s reluctant self-esteem booster who sought to make him behave ‘like a man.’ The 1993 National Book Critics Circle Award for Fiction. FTP, identify this book by Ernest Gaines about an illiterate black man wrongly sentenced to death in the South. ANSWER: A Lesson Before Dying

23) It ambitiously sought to quell the twenty year-old uprising in the Netherlands and reconvert England to Catholicism. It was badly damaged at the Battle of Gravelines and forced to sail home north around Scotland and Ireland. FTP, name this fleet dispatched by Philip II to the English Channel in 1588. ANSWER: Spanish Armada

24) This element is the fifth most abundant element in the Earth’s crust. Its name is derived for the Latin word for “lime,” and not surprisingly, limestone contains much of it. In industry, it is used as an alloy to make Aluminum harder. FTP, what is this element, which is present in Gypsum and is the main component of your teeth and bones that is found in dairy products? ANSWER: Calcium

25) In it, the main character has an affair with Marie and eats sausages with his neighbor Raymond. Written in 1942, this novel written by a pied-noir, which begins “Today, mother died. Maybe it was yesterday,” is a classic existential novel about Meursault. FTP, identify this work by Albert Camus. ANSWER: The Stranger (accept the Outsider, or L’Etranger, or The Foreigner)

26) He mastered the properties of color by studying Pliny, and was a court painter to Philip of Charolais. He went on secret missions to Leiden, Bruges, and settled at Lille, but is best known for his portraiture. Name this artist who created the Ghent Altarpiece with his brother, and who painted The Arnolfini Wedding. ANSWER: Jan Van Eyck

Bonuses:

1) Identify these leaders associated with the year 1981. [5-5] For five points each, identify these two Egyptian leaders, one assassinated by Islamic Jihad members, and the other who was his vice president. ANSWER: Anwar Sadat and Hosni Mubarak [10] For ten points, identify the French co-prince of Andorra, who served from 1981-1995. ANSWER: Francois Mitterand [also the President of France] [10] Gro Harlem Brundtland served the first of her three terms as Prime Minister in this country in 1981. ANSWER: Norway

2) Identify the following figures in sociology for ten points each. [10] This Frenchman coined the term sociology in 1838 for a new field that would apply the scientific method to discover the laws of human society. ANSWER: Auguste Comte [10] A follower of Comte, he argued that the breakdown of the social order would result in individuals feeling a sense of rootlessness or anomie that could culminate in suicide. ANSWER: Emile Durkheim [10] In Social Statics, he defended the notion of individual freedom and contended that human progress in inevitable. A proponent of natural selection, he applied Darwin’s theories to society and coined the term “survival of the fittest.” ANSWER: Herbert Spencer

3) Identify these people associated with early-CE empires, for ten points each. [10] This man, nephew of Rua, was leader of the largest empire in 5th century Europe, though the empire died with the man. ANSWER: Attilla the Hun [10] This man was emperor of the Roman Empire of the East while Attilla was ruling central Europe, and tried to create a law code by collecting all the laws established since the reign on Constantine. ANSWER: Thedosius II [10] During the time of Theodosius and Attilla, this dynasty was ruling Persia, though the dynasty lost control in 651 when the Umayyad Caliphate took control of the Islamic world. ANSWER: Sassanid dynasty

4) Identify the authors of the following landmark economic works for the stated number of points. [5] General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money ANSWER: John Maynard Keynes [10] A Monetary History of the United States ANSWER: Milton Friedman [15] Principles of Political Economy and Taxation ANSWER: David Ricardo

5) Given characters from a work, name it FTP each. [10] Sergey Koznishev, Darya Alexandrovna, Stepan Oblonsky, Count Vronsky ANSWER: Anna Karenina [10] Amaranta Úrsula, Fernanda del Carpia, Santa Sofía de la Piedad ANSWER: One Hundred Years of Solitude [10] Gottfried, Tyrone Slothrop ANSWER: Gravity’s Rainbow

6) Given a list of states/provinces, name the river that flows through it for the stated number of points. [15] Qinghai, Gansu, Ningxia Hui, Inner Mongolia, Shanxi, Henan, Shandong ANSWER: Yellow (or Huang He) [10] Saxony, Sachsen-Anhalt, Lower Saxony, Schleswig-Holstein ANSWER: Elbe [5] Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, Nebraska, Iowa, Missouri ANSWER: Missouri

7) Name the following battles of the American Revolution 5-10-15 [5] In this battle, Burgoyne was blocked by the American army led by General Gates at Bemis Heights in New York in 1777. ANSWER: Saratoga [10] In this battle on September 10th, 1777, General Howe was heading for Philadelphia. American troops attempted to block his way, but only succeeded in delaying him for a day. ANSWER: Brandywine [15] On April 25, 1781, Greene placed his men on a pine-covered ridge running east and west a mile north of Camden, North Carolina. ANSWER: Hobkirk's Hill

8) Identify the following alliterative works from a description, 5-5-10-10 (note, the names of the works are not alliterative, the actual words in them are) [5] The most famous of the alliterative epics, it tells the story of the title King of the Geats. ANSWER: Beowulf [5] A member of the Round Table beheads a pagan icon, and has to return in a year to forfeit his own head. ANSWER: Sir Gawain and the Green Knight [10] By the author of “Pearl” and “Sir Gawain and the Green Knight,” it recounts a tale from Greek mythology in which the title hero seeks his love in the underworld. ANSWER: Orfeo [10] The last of the alliterative epics, it tells of the fall of King Beorhtnoth at the titular event, inspiring a play set during the title event’s aftermath by J.R.R. Tolkien. ANSWER: The Battle of Maldon

9) Identify the following short stories from the plot summary for the stated number of points. [5] Matilda Loisel pays for her vanity as she and her husband spend ten years trying to scrape together enough money to purchase a replica of the lost titular object in this Maupassant classic. ANSWER: The Necklace [10] In this Dostoevsky work, a lonely young intellectual discovers romance while wandering through St. Petersburg during the titular times. ANSWER: White Nights [15] The titular artist, a man of mixed parentage, is envious of his physically robust, blond-haired peers and yearns to lead a bourgeois existence in this Thomas Mann short story. ANSWER: Tonio Kroger

10) FTP, name the following masters of Asian languages who were not Japanese linguists. [10] He lived from 1861 to 1941, was a Nobel laureate for literature in 1913, was one of modern India’s greatest poets, and composed independent India's national anthem. ANSWER: Rabindranath Tagore [10] Alive from A.D. 712 to 770, he was one of China’s greatest poets. He wrote in the High Tang period and his most characteristic poems were autobiographical and historical, recording the effects of war on his own life. ANSWER: Du Fu or Tu Fu [10] She was born Anna Andreevna Gorenko and raised in an upper class family in a town near St. Petersburg. At an early age, she became interested in poetry and her first book of poems published in 1912 was entitled Evening. ANSWER: Anna Andreevna Akhmatova 11) Name the following artists considered members of the Ashcan School of art 10-5-15. [10] His 1910 etching Night Windows and his 1912 oil on canvas painting Sunday, Women Drying Their Hair were exhibited in the Armory Show of 1913. ANSWER: John Sloan [5] He trained under Robert Henri from 1900 to 1906 and exhibited at the Armory Show in 1913. His most famous work is Nighthawks. ANSWER: Edward Hopper [15] His works included the 1905 oil on canvas painting Concert Stage now in the Norton Museum of West Palm Beach, Florida and the 1907 pastel on paper work Fire on Twenty-Fourth Street, now in the Cheekwood Art Museum, in Nashville. ANSWER: Everett Shinn

12) For 5 points each, name any six of the seven men featured as the titular Founding Brothers in the recent historical book by Joseph Ellis. ANSWER: Alexander Hamilton, Aaron Burr, Benjamin Franklin, George Washington, John Adams, James Madison, Thomas Jefferson (any 6)

13) Identify the following pitchers who are in the running for the Cy Young Award in their respective leagues, for ten points each. [10] Acquired from the Arizona Diamondbacks, he lived up to the high expectations as he won 21 games for the Boston Red Sox and has performed admirably in the post-season in spite of an injured ankle. ANSWER: Curt Schilling [10] This Minnesota Twins lefthander struggled early in the season but was sensational in the second half as he won 13 consecutive starts and led the American League in both ERA and strikeouts. ANSWER: Johan Santana [10] Although sporting an ERA well under 3.00 and finishing second in the National League in strikeouts, this Brewers pitcher won only 12 games because of weak run support. ANSWER: Ben Sheets

14) For 10 points each, identify the following Aztec deities. [10] The ancient antithesis to Quetzalcoatl, this jaguar god carried an obsidian knife and is named for the smoking mirror carried on his chest. ANSWER: Tezcatlipoca [10] This war god, who takes the form of a great lion, has a name meaning “left-handed hummingbird,” was the patron of Tenochtitlan. ANSWER: Huitzilopochtli [10] This goddess of love and beauty is a total whore; she seduced Tezcatlipoca, married Quetzalcoatl, and had an extramarital affair with Huitzilopochtli. ANSWER: Xochiquetzal

15) Identify the following about a literary work, FTPE. [10] In this work the title character survives the defeat at Roncesvalles, only to dream of his beloved Angelica’s plight and set out to rescue her, whereupon he arrives at the siege of Paris and finds her eloped with a Saracen. He then goes mad and is taken by St. John to the moon. ANSWER: Orlando Furioso [10] Name the author of Orlando Furioso ANSWER: Lodovico Ariosto [10] Name either the heathen captain who is converted to Christianity after the siege of Paris or his lover, a warrior maiden who rescues Angelica. Ariosto claimed that they were the forefathers of the house of Este and the royal family of Bulgaria. ANSWER: Ruggiero or Bradamante

16) Name the following amino acids FTPE. [10] This is a non-essential and non-charged polar amino acid with molecular weight 121.15 and molecular formula C3H7NO2S. It is the only with a thiol group. ANSWER: Cysteine

[10] This amino acid has isoelectric point 6.00 and molecular formula C3H7NO2. Its R-group is a methyl group and its one letter symbol is A. ANSWER: Alanine

[10] This amino acid has molecular formula is C6H14N4O2, pKa values 2.18, 9.09, and 13.2, and it contains a guanidine group. ANSWER: Arginine

17) Given works and/or description, name the artist FTP. [10] Salome, The Kiss, known for use of gold in paintings. ANSWER: Gustav Klimt [10] Antiope, a series of portraits of Charles the Fifths ANSWER: Titian (Tiziano Vecelli) [10] Sharpshooter on Picket Duty, Cloud Shadows, Rum Cay, Mending the Nets ANSWER: Winslow Homer

18) Given a book of the Bible, name the writer, FTPE. (Obviously “God” is not the answer.) [10] Ecclesiastes ANSWER: Solomon [10] Acts of the Apostles ANSWER: Saint Luke the Evangelist [10] Revelation ANSWER: St. John the Divine, or St. John of Patmos, or St. John of the Witness, or St. John the Evangelist (but not St. John Chrysostom, or St. John of Sevre, which are different people)

19) Identify these SI base units from complex descriptions for 15 points each, 5 points if you need a simpler description. [15] The distance light travels in a vacuum in 1/299,792,458 of the time required for 9,192,631,770 periods of the radiation corresponding to the transition between two hyperfine levels of the ground state of cesium 133. [5] The distance light travels in 1/299,792,458 second. ANSWER: meter [15] The amount of a substance with elementary particles equal to the number of elementary particles in 0.012 times the mass of a cylinder of platinum-iridium of carbon-12. [5] There are 6.022 x 1023 atoms in one of these. ANSWER: mole

20) Name the song by Radiohead from lines FTP. [10] “What the hell am I doin’ here/I don’t belong here.” ANSWER: “Creep” [10] “My brain says I’m receiving pain/a lack of oxygen/from my life support” ANSWER: “My Iron Lung” [10] “Ambition makes you look pretty ugly/kickin' squealin' gucci little piggy” ANSWER: “Paranoid Android”

21) Name the Civil War Battle from a brief description 5-10-15 [5] The bloodiest single-day battle in American history, with over 20,000 casualties. ANSWER: Antietam (accept Sharpsburg) [10] It resulted in the frustration of Johnston’s plans after Grant launched a counter-offensive using 20,000 fresh troops and the Confederates retreated to nearby Corinth. ANSWER: Shiloh (accept Pittsburg Landing) [15] Grant described it as “one attack [he] always regretted ordering.” ANSWER: Cold Harbor

22) For 10 points each, given a number, identify which subshell designation that number refers to in electron configuration. [10] 1. 1 ANSWER: p [10] 2. 3 ANSWER: f [10] 3. 2 ANSWER: d

23) Identify the following regarding early 20th century Chinese history for ten points each. [10] This group of nationalists attempted to set up a government in southern China in World War I but failed as only the USSR recognized it. ANSWER: Kuomintang [10] This doctor who spent much of his youth in Hawaii founded the Kuomintang in 1912. ANSWER: Sun Yat-Sen [10] The Japanese conquest of this Manchurian capital in 1931 marked the beginning of the downfall of the Nationalist government. ANSWER: Mukden (accept Shenyang)

24) For 15 points each, given two novels by the same author, identify which novel came second. [15] Hard Times, A Christmas Carol ANSWER: Hard Times [15] Heart of Darkness, Lord Jim ANSWER: Heart of Darkness