Challenges and Best Practice in Lcas of Seafood and Other Aquatic Products

ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL

CHALLENGES AND BEST PRACTICE IN LCAS OF SEAFOOD AND OTHER AQUATIC PRODUCTS

Rearing performances and environmental assessment of sea cage farming in Tunisia using life cycle assessment (LCA) combined with PCA and HCPC

Khaled Abdou1,2 • Frida Ben Rais Lasram3 • Mohamed Salah Romdhane1 • François Le Loc’h2 • Joël

Aubin4

Received: 23 January 2017 / Accepted: 18 May 2017 © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2017

Responsible editor: Angel Avadí

1UR 03AGRO1 Ecosystèmes et Ressources Aquatiques, Institut National Agronomique de Tunisie (INAT),

Université de Carthage, 43 Avenue Charles Nicolle, 1082 Tunis, Tunisia.

2UMR 6539 Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (CNRS/UBO/IRD/Ifremer), Institut

Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Technopôle Brest-Iroise, Rue Dumont d'Urville, 29280 Plouzané,

France.

3Univ. Littoral Cote d’Opale, Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8187, LOG, Laboratoire d’Océanologie et de

Géosciences, F 62930 Wimereux, France

4UMR 1069, Sol Agro et hydrosystème Spatialisation, INRA AGROCAMPUS OUEST, 65 rue de Saint Brieuc,

CS 84215, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France.

 Khaled Abdou [email protected]

Page | 1 Appendix 1 Ingredients and chemical composition of fish feed used on aquaculture farms in Tunisia (the brand name is confidential)

Fish feed Origin

Ingredients (g kg-1)

Fish meal 380 Peru Fish oil 280 Peru Soybean meal 150 Brazil Grain maize meal 50 France Wheat 35 France Wheat gluten meal 35 France Sunflower meal 10 France Pea meal 35 France Rapeseed meal 10 France Vitamin and mineral premix 15

Chemical composition (%)

Crude protein 46 Crude fat 16 Crude fibre 3.5 Ash 6.5 Phosphorus 0.9 Sodium 0.2 Calcium 0.8 Gross energy (MJ kg-1) 16.1 Appendix 2 Names of unit processes (some from ecoinvent 3.0) used to model fish production. Detailed life cycle inventories and quantities could not be provided due to the confidential nature of this information

Fish production (seabream or seabass) Materials 1. Fish feed (for seabream or seabass) Materials Fish meal and oil South America, with wastewater treatment, Peru PE U (biomass allocation) Resources: Water, cooling, salt, ocean Materials:  Anchovy landed for fish oil and fish meal, South America, Peru PE U  Tap water {Europe without Switzerland}| market for | Alloc Def, U  Electricity, low voltage {BR}| market for | Alloc Def, U  Heat, central or small-scale, other than natural gas {Europe without Switzerland}| heat production, light fuel oil, at boiler 100kW, non-modulating | Alloc Def, U  Sodium hydroxide, without water, in 50 % solution state {GLO}| market for | Alloc Def, U  Formaldehyde {GLO}| market for | Alloc Def, U  Methanol {GLO}| market for | Alloc Def, U  Sulfuric acid {GLO}| market for | Alloc Def, U  Nitric acid, without water, in 50 % solution state {GLO}| market for | Alloc Def, U  Hydrochloric acid, without water, in 30 % solution state {RER}| market for | Alloc Def, U Emissions to air: Heat, waste Waste to treatment: Wastewater from potato starch production {GLO}| market for | Alloc Def, U Soybean meal common process BR U Grain maize Conv. FR U Wheat starch, at plant, with water treatment, FR Wheat gluten, at plant, with water treatment, FR Sunflower meal FR U Protein Pea Conv. Fert. chem. FR U Rape seed FR U

Page | 3 Vitamin and mineral premix, France FR Packaging film, LDPE, from plant production to fish feed plant, France FR U

Electricity/heat Electricity, medium voltage {IT}| market for | Alloc Def, U Heat, central or small-scale, natural gas {Europe without Switzerland}| market for heat, central or small-scale, natural gas | Alloc Def, U Transport, freight, lorry 16-32 metric ton, EURO3 {GLO}| market for | Alloc Def, U Transport, freight, sea, transoceanic ship {GLO}| market for | Alloc Def, U 2. Fingerlings(seabream or seabass) Resources:  Water, salt, ocean  Land use II-III Materials  Hatchery total Feed  Hatchery facilities  Hatchery Total Equipment  Chlorine, gaseous {RER}| market for | Alloc Def, U Electricity/heat  Electricity Greece B250  Liquid Oxygen  Transport, freight, lorry 28 metric ton, vegetable oil methyl ester 100 % {GLO}| market for | Alloc Def, U  Transport, freight, sea, transoceanic ship {GLO}| market for | Alloc Def, U Emissions to water  Nitrogen, total, dissolved  Phosphorus, total, solid  ThOD (Theoretical oxygen demand) 3. Equipment Sea cages Boats Buoys and anchors

Page | 4 Zodiac boat 4. Building, hall {GLO}| market for | Alloc Def, U

Electricity/heat Transport, freight, sea, transoceanic ship {GLO}| market for | Alloc Def, U Transport, freight, lorry 16-32 metric ton, EURO3 {GLO}| market for | Alloc Def, U Heat, central or small-scale, other than natural gas {RoW}| heat production, light fuel oil, at boiler 10kW, non-modulating | Alloc Def, U

Emissions to water Phosphorus, total, dissolved Phosphorus, total, solid Nitrogen, total, dissolved Nitrogen, total, solid ThOD (Theoretical oxygen demand)

Page | 5