Unit 6 Review Guide: Biotechnology

Name:______OBJ 3.3.1; 3.3.2; 3.3.3 Unit 6 Review Guide: Biotechnology Vocabulary Review ______1. DNA A. Turning mRNA into a protein; happens in the ribosomes ______2. RNA B. Cells that can become any cell in the body; used for research ______3. DNA replication C. Genes can be turned on and off as needed ______4. Transcription D. A mistake during DNA replication that can be good, bad, or neutral ______5.Translation E. Using living organisms to develop new products and technologies ______6. Protein F. A nucleic acid made of deoxyribose sugar and the bases A,T, C, or G ______7. Codon G. Making new strands of identical DNA; happens in nucleus ______8. Mutation H. A nucleic acid made of ribose sugar and the bases A, U, C, or G ______9. Gene regulation I. A molecule made up of amino acids connected by peptide bonds ______10. Biotechnology J. The process of separating DNA by size to make a DNA fingerprint ______11. Gel electrophoresis K. Turning DNA into a mRNA message; happens in the nucleus ______12. Human genome project L. A project to sequence all of the base pairs in human DNA ______13. Stem cells M. A group of 3 bases that tRNA matches an amino acid to

PROTEIN SYNTHESIS PRACTICE 1. What occurs during transcription? ______2. Where in the cell does transcription occur? ______3. What occurs during translation? ______4. Where in the cell does translation occur? ______

Turn the DNA into a protein (you will need to use a codon chart):

DNA: T A C C G C A T T T C T G A C A A A A G A A T T T A C mRNA: ______

Protein:

LABEL THE BELOW DIAGRAM WITH THE FOLLOWING KEY WORDS

5. What is the purpose of the Human Genome Project?

6.Transgenic Organisms: Put the following steps to creating a transgenic organism in order: ____ Put the DNA back into Organism 2 ____ Insert the DNA into the DNA of Organism 2 (mix them) ____ Take the desired gene from Organism 1, cut with enzymes ____ Organism 2 has a new trait ____ Organism 2 makes copies of the cells (mitosis)

1. Draw a picture of how you would make a genetically modified organism (transgenic organism):

2. In your own words, what is cloning? Why have humans not been cloned yet?

3. Which suspect is linked to the crime scene by this DNA analysis? How can you tell? What process made this image?

4. True or False: All of an organism’s genes are always turned on. ______Explain:

5. True or False: Mutations can be good or bad. ______Explain:

6. Write a sentence that explains how the following four words are related: DNA, PROTEIN, TRAIT, RNA

7. What is Gene Therapy? What can it be used for?

8. What are stems cells?

9. What are two types of stem cells?

10. Why are stem cells controversial? Be specific and detailed. 11. Provide 2 examples and applications of genetically modified organisms.

12. Provide at least 1 benefit (pro) and 1 concern (con) for each of the below biotechnologies:

Biotechnology Benefit Concern Application/Use Human Genome Project

Gene Therapy

Stem Cell Research

Cloning

Genetically Modified Organisms