By the End of This Unit You Should Know the Following

Industry Revision By the end of this unit you should know the following:

 The four classifications of industry  How industry has changed within Britain since the industrial revolution  The factors that influenced the location of old industry  The factors that influenced the location of new industry  The reasons why location factors changed  The difference between an old industrial landscape and a new industrial landscape  Case studies of old and new industrial landscapes  The environmental and social consequences of industrial activity  How maps show industrial location/landscapes  How to annotate field sketches and photos  How to analyse industrial and employment survey results

Task 1

Use the book entitled ‘higher geography course notes’ pages 128 –145 to answer the questions:

1) What is a primary industry? Give examples 2) What is a secondary industry? Give examples 3) What is a tertiary industry? Give examples 4) What is a quaternary industry? Give examples

Task 2

It is important to understand that all industries operate as systems with inputs, processes and outputs. To highlight this copy the diagram (figure 7.1) from the bottom of page 128.

Task 3

It is important that you understand the factors that influence location of an industry. These factors can be both human and physical. Copy the table below and use pages 129 and 130 to complete it.

Location factor Human/physi Explanation of factor cal

Raw materials Physical Materials used to make products. Includes basic products i.e. coal and semi finished materials i.e. strips of steel Labour supply Power Transport Market Human Place where a product or service is delivered. Government and EU policy Improved technologies

Task 4 Old industry location factors New industry location factors Make a table as shown to the right. Write down in each column the factors that you think are most Important to the location of each type of industry.

Task 5

You must be aware of how industry has changed through out time. Read the following note and use it to create a short paragraph that describes the basic changes though time.

Before 1750, most industry in Britain was small scale. Most of it was literally “manufactured” by hand – shoes, nails, knives etc were made by artisans (craftsmen) in small workshops. Most craftsmen worked from home, which is called the domestic system (cottage industry).

The importing of cotton from the colonies saw a rise in water powered cotton mills, which grew next to rivers, as the water was required to turn the wheel to produce power.

The industrial revolution saw the end of small workshops and the rise of factories. The advances in technology including the invention of James Watt’s steam engine allowed the creation of factories, at around the same time people were freed up from the land due to the agricultural revolution. This meant that large numbers of people moved from the countryside to work in factories.

The introduction of machinery allowed factory owners to enforce quality control, which meant products were standardised. The machines could be run by unskilled labour such as women and children, which was much cheaper.

The factories were producing large quantities of products and so required a lot of power to run the machinery. The factories needed to be big enough to house a water wheel or steam engine (powered by coal). This meant that they needed easy access to raw materials, which could be brought in by railways, which brought raw materials from near by. This made transport an important factor in the location of industry.

During the twentieth century we saw a decline in many industries especially heavy industries for a number of reasons such

Task 6

Look at the graphs below showing changes in employment over the last 200 years.

trends in the employment structure of the UK over the last 200 years.

1) Describe the changes in employment structure since 1700. 2) Explain why these changes took place.

Task 7

You will need to be able to identify the differences between old and new industrial landscapes. You will need extension sheet 1 for this. On the sheet there is a picture of an old industrial landscape and a new industrial landscape. Annotate (label) the picture to identify the differences between the two types of areas.

Task 8

You have to know a case study of an old industrial landscape and a new industrial landscape. Get extension sheet 2 and look at the changes that have occurred.