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Newquay Strategic Route Newquay Cornwall Archaeological Evaluation and Watching Brief

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Newquay Strategic Route Newquay Cornwall Archaeological Evaluation and Watching Brief Newquay Strategic Route Newquay Cornwall Archaeological Evaluation and Watching Brief for Duchy of Cornwall CA Project: 3564 & 3560 CA Report: 11247 November 2011 Newquay Strategic Route Newquay Cornwall Archaeological Evaluation and Watching Brief CA Project: 3564 & 3560 CA Report: 11247 prepared by Stuart Joyce, Project Officer date 23 November 2011 checked by Laurent Coleman, Project Manager date 23 November 2011 approved by Simon Cox, Head of Fieldwork signed date 23 November 2011 issue 01 This report is confidential to the client. Cotswold Archaeology accepts no responsibility or liability to any third party to whom this report, or any part of it, is made known. Any such party relies upon this report entirely at their own risk. No part of this report may be reproduced by any means without permission. © Cotswold Archaeology Building 11, Kemble Enterprise Park, Kemble, Cirencester, Gloucestershire, GL7 6BQ t. 01285 771022 f. 01285 771033 e. [email protected] © Cotswold Archaeology Newquay Strategic Route, Newquay, Cornwall: Archaeological evaluation and watching brief CONTENTS SUMMARY........................................................................................................................ 2 1. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................. 3 2. RESULTS (FIGS 2-12) ........................................................................................ 6 3. DISCUSSION....................................................................................................... 18 4. CA PROJECT TEAM ........................................................................................... 21 5. REFERENCES .................................................................................................... 21 APPENDIX A: CONTEXT DESCRIPTIONS ..................................................................... 23 APPENDIX B: THE FINDS ............................................................................................... 34 APPENDIX C: THE PALAEOENVIRONMENTAL EVIDENCE ......................................... 35 APPENDIX D: OASIS REPORT FORM............................................................................ 36 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Fig. 1 Site location plan (1:25,000) Fig. 2 Trench location plan, showing geophysical survey results (1:6000) Fig. 3 Trench location plan (Trenches 1-5), showing archaeological features and geophysical survey results (1:1000) Fig. 4 Trench location plan (Trenches 6-10), showing archaeological features and geophysical survey results (1:1000 and 1:250) Fig. 5 Trench location plan (Trenches 13-17), showing archaeological features and geophysical survey results (1:1000) Fig. 6 Trench location plan (Trenches 18-22), showing archaeological features and geophysical survey results (1:1000) Fig. 7 Trench location plan (Trenches 23-26), showing archaeological features and geophysical survey results (1:1000) Fig. 8 Trench location plan (Trenches 27-30), showing archaeological features and geophysical survey results (1:100, 1:250 and 1:1000) Fig. 9 Trenches 7 and 8; sections and photographs Fig. 10 Trench 27: Sections and photographs Fig. 11 Trench 29: Sections and photographs Fig. 12 Trench 30: Sections and photographs 1 © Cotswold Archaeology Newquay Strategic Route, Newquay, Cornwall: Archaeological evaluation and watching brief SUMMARY Project Name: Newquay Strategic Route Location: Newquay, Cornwall NGR: SW 8447 6187 to SW 8325 6029 Type: Evaluation and watching brief Date: 19 September to 7 October 2011 Location of Archive: To be deposited with Royal Cornwall Museum Accession Number: TRURI: 2011.61 Site Code: TRR 11 and TCR 11 An archaeological evaluation and watching brief was undertaken by Cotswold Archaeology between September and October 2011 along the proposed Newquay Strategic Route, Newquay, Cornwall. The fieldwork comprised the excavation of 28 trenches and a watching brief on geotechnical investigation works which were undertaken at the same time as the evaluation. The evaluation identified archaeological remains, with a high density of archaeological remains within the southern (south of the railway) and northern (north of the Quintrell Road) parts of the site. A lower density of archaeological remains was identified within the central portion of the site. Archaeological features identified ranged in date from the Bronze Age to the modern period. Within the northern part of the evaluation area, a ditch terminus was identified dating to the Bronze Age, as well as a possible roundhouse with a possible in situ floor surface. Limited Late Iron Age to Romano-British activity was also identified in this area. Further Bronze Age activity, comprising a small number of pits, was identified in the southern part of the site. An intensive zone of Late Iron Age to Romano-British settlement activity was also identified within the southern part of the site, this included enclosures, possible roundhouses, pits and possible field system ditches. Features associated with medieval and post-medieval agricultural land use were also recorded. The watching brief undertaken during geotechnical investigation works identified one undated pit. Further archaeological evaluation (to the east and west of the southern part of the road corridor) has been undertaken and is subject to a separate evaluation report. 2 © Cotswold Archaeology Newquay Strategic Route, Newquay, Cornwall: Archaeological evaluation and watching brief 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 Between September and October 2011 Cotswold Archaeology (CA) carried out an archaeological evaluation for the Duchy of Cornwall along the proposed Newquay Strategic Route, Newquay, Cornwall (NGR: SW 8447 6187 to SW 8325 6029). The evaluation was undertaken to fulfil a condition attached to planning permission for the development of a relief road, which forms part of the infrastructure for the Newquay Growth Area. A watching brief was also undertaken during geotechnical investigation works. 1.2 The evaluation was carried out in accordance with a brief (CCHES 2011) for Archaeological Recording prepared by Dan Ratcliffe, Senior Archaeological Advice Officer, Cornwall Council (CC), and with a subsequent detailed Written Scheme of Investigation (WSI) produced by CA (2011a) and approved by Mr Ratcliffe. The fieldwork also followed the Standard and guidance for archaeological field evaluation (IfA 2008), the Management of Archaeological Projects (English Heritage 1991) and the Management of Research Projects in the Historic Environment (MORPHE): Project Manager’s Guide (EH 2006). It was monitored by Mr Ratcliffe, including a site visit on 21 September 2011. 1.3 Further archaeological evaluation was undertaken to the east and west of the southern end of the road corridor (to the south of the railway). The results of these works are presented in a separate report (CA 2011b). The site 1.4 The proposed road corridor has an average width of 40m and extends south- westwards for a distance of c. 1.8km from its junction with Rialton Road (A3059) to the A392, close to its junction with Trencreek Road. The route crosses the A3058 and then the valley of a small stream, which flows north-westwards towards the coast. It then crosses the Newquay Harbour to St Dennis Railway. From Rialton Road the ground generally slopes to the south-west, descending from approximately 65m to 25m AOD at the point where the road passes over the stream. From there, the ground rises to the south, to c. 70m AOD at the A392. 1.5 The land is currently occupied by agricultural enclosures characterised on the Cornwall HER as ‘anciently enclosed land’. 3 © Cotswold Archaeology Newquay Strategic Route, Newquay, Cornwall: Archaeological evaluation and watching brief 1.6 The underlying solid geology of the area is mapped as Lower Devonian slates and sandstones of the Meadfoot Group (BGS 2011). The natural geological substrate was identified within all of the trenches. Archaeological background 1.7 The archaeological and historical background to the site has been presented in detail in the desk-based assessments prepared by South West Archaeology (2004) and RPS (2007 and 2009). In brief, the proposed development area lies within a landscape where archaeological remains, primarily dating from the Neolithic to Iron Age/Romano-British periods, have been identified and investigated. Sites include a late Neolithic/Early Bronze Age settlement at Tregunnell Hill, an ‘open’ settlement at Trevithick Manor and a late Iron Age/Romano-British settlement complex at Manuel’s Farm. 1.8 Geophysical survey has been undertaken within parts of the corridor of the proposed Strategic Route and across extensive areas to the east and west (Fig. 2). Within the southern part of the corridor (in the fields immediately to the north of the A392), geophysical survey identified an area of possible prehistoric settlement. An extensive pattern of field boundaries probably dating from the prehistoric to post- medieval periods was identified in the central part of the road corridor (PCG 2011a). 1.9 Following the compilation of the WSI for the archaeological evaluation further geophysical survey was undertaken at the north-eastern end of the Strategic Route corridor. A number of anomalies were identified including probable post-medieval field boundaries, a probable trackway and undated pits and ditches (PCG 2011b). Once the geophysical survey had been completed the number of trial trenches required in this part of the site was reduced, in consultation with Dan
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