Skeleton Cheat Sheet

Axial Skeleton - Skull, Vertebral Column, and Bony Thorax

Cranial vault Cranial floor Anterior, middle, and posterior cranial fossa Sutures Sagittal Coronal Lambdoid Squamous Frontal bone Glabella Parietal bones Occipital bone Foramen magnum Occipital condyles Temporal bone Zygomatic process Mastoid process External auditory (acoustic) meatus Styloid process Mandibular fossa Jugular foramen Carotid canal Sphenoid bone Sella turcica (turk’s saddle) Greater wing Lesser wing Pterygoid process Superior orbital fissure Optic canal Ethmoid bone Crista galli (rooster’s comb) Cribriform plate Maxilla (upper jaw) Palatine process Alveolar margins Zygomatic process Zygomatic bone (cheek bone) Mandible (lower jaw) Mandibular condyle Alveolar margins Mandibular notch Mental foramen Coronoid process Mandibular foramen Mandibular ramus Nasal bone Vomer bone Inferior nasal concha Lacrimal bone Lacrimal fossa Palatine bone Horizontal plate Perpendicular plate Supraorbital margin Supraorbital foramen (notch) Infraorbital foramen Hyoid bone

Vertebral Column

Body (centrum) Vertebral foramen Vertebral canal (formed from successive vertebral foramina) Pedicle Lamina Spinous process Transverse process Superior and inferior articular facets Intervertebral foramina Cervical vertebrae (C1-C7) Transverse foramina Atlas (C1) Axis (C2) Dens (odontoid process) Thoracic vertebrae (T1-T12) Lumbar vertebrae (L1-L5) Sacrum (S1-S5) Sacral promontory Sacral canal Ala (alae - plural) Coccyx Need to be able to distinguish between cervical, thoracic, and lumbar vertebrae

Bony Thorax

Sternum Manubrium Xiphoid process Body Jugular notch Ribs – 12 pairs (Need to know a right rib from a left rib) Vertebrosternal (true) (1-7) Vertebrochondral (false) (8-12) Vertebral (floating) (11, 12) Head Neck Tubercle of rib Shaft Costal end Appendicular Skeleton - Girdles and Appendages

Pectoral Girdle

Clavicles Sternal end (medial) Acromial end (lateral) Superior and inferior/right and left Scapulae Coracoid process Acromion Supracapular notch Spine Supraspinous fossa Infraspinous fossa Glenoid cavity Borders - superior, medial (vertebral), lateral (axillary) Angles – superior, inferior Right and left scapulae anterior and posterior

Upper Limbs (appendages)

Upper Arm Humerus Head Anatomical neck Surgical neck Greater tubercle Lesser tubercle Deltoid tuberosity Epicondyles – medial and lateral Trochlea Capitulum Coronoid fossa Olencranon fossa Right and left humerus Anterior and posterior Forearm Ulna Olecranon process Coronoid process Trochlear (semi-lunar) notch Radial notch Head Styloid process Radius Head Neck Radial tuberosity Styloid process Hand Carpals - 8 bones – collectively called the carpus-wrist Metacarpals – 5 bones – collectively called the metacarpus - palm Phalanges (each finger has 3 phalanges; thumb has only 2)

Pelvic Girdle

Os coxa – hip bone – composed of ilium, ischium, and pubis fused together right and left os coxa anterior and posterior Pelvic brim (pelvic inlet) Pelvic outlet Obturator foramen Acetabulum Ilium Ala (Alae - plural) Iliac fossa Iliac crest Anterior superior iliac spine Anterior inferior iliac spine Posterior superior iliac spine Posterior inferior iliac spine Greater sciatic notch Auricular surface Ischium Ischial spine Lesser sciatic notch Ischial tuberosity Ischial ramus Pubis Superior and inferior ramus of pubis Pubic symphysis Pubic arch

Lower Limbs (appendages) Thigh Femur Head Fovea capitis Neck Greater and lesser trochanter Intertrochanteric crest (posterior) Gluteal tuberosity (posterior) Linea aspera (posterior) Lateral and medial condyles Lateral and medial epicondyle Intercondylar notch Patellar surface Anterior and posterior Lateral and medial Right and left femur Patella Lower Leg Tibia Medial and lateral condyles Tibial tuberosity Anterior crest Medial malleolus right and left tibia Fibula Head Lateral malleolus Foot Tarsals - 7 bones – collectively called tarsus - ankle Talus Calcaneus (where Achilles tendon attaches) Metatarsals – 5 bones – collectively called metatarsus Phalanges – each toe has 3 phalanges; big toe has only 2 2 longitudinal arches (lateral and medial) 1 transverse arch