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4 Margaret7 Windsor (Jeremiah 6, Thomas5, Joseph4, Joseph3, Joseph2, Jarvis 1), the daughter of Jeremiah Daniel Windsor and Martha (Compton). She was born 22 February 1834, in Tippecanoe Co. Indiana, and died 28 July 1924, at Stevenson, Skamania Co. Washington 1, aged 90. She is buried beside her husband in the Iman Cemetery at Stevenson. A housewife, she resided at Stevenson, Washington for 72 years. She married Felix 5 Grundy Iman (Christian 4, Christian 3, Christian 2, Ulrich1), on 14 January 1853, at the Bush Hotel at Shepard’s Point located on the Upper Cascades of the Columbia River, then in Clark Co., Washington Territory; 2 the son of Christian (or Christopher) Iman and Mary (Whiteside) of Monroe Co. Illinois. He was born 24 November 1828, in Harrisonville, Monroe Co. Illinois, and died 17 July 1902, at a hospital in Portland, Multnomah Co. Oregon, aged 73. He is buried beside his wife in the Iman Cemetery at Stevenson. He was a carpenter, boatman, saloonkeeper, logger and sawmill owner. Lived in Monroe Co. Illinois and at Stevenson, Washington .

Margaret Windsor was born near the Tippecanoe battle ground in Tippecanoe Co. Indiana.3 She spent her early youth there, even so most of her early childhood was spent in foster homes. When she had been about four years old her mother had died (about 1837), supposedly in childbirth. Afterward her father, now without a wife and being poor, was unable to leave his children at home, the oldest was nine, so he sent Margaret, her brothers and sisters, to live with various neighboring families. Many years later, as an adult, Margaret would say that as a child she had never had a birthday, because none of the families she lived with could tell her when she had been born. When Margaret was about six years old her father remarried and once again brought Margaret, and his other children, to live with him and his second wife. The father’s second wife had been a local widow named Mrs. Louisa Short. As far as is known, from family stories, Mrs. Short had been married at least once before and possibly more than once. It is not known what became of her previous husband/s. At any rate after marrying into the Windsor family, it is said, Mrs. Short had little attachment for raising her Windsor step-children, and in actually in reality she had very little patience and understanding for children at all. She has come down in history as a cruel ruling selfish and unkind person who abused the Windsor children. In Margaret’s own words, “She was everything but a kind mother to me.” The stepmother expected Margaret to work very hard and if Margaret did not Mrs. Short was sure to harshly reprimand or beat her. Consequently Margaret, and the rest of her brothers and sisters, hated the stepmother, although Margaret’s father was apparently glad the family had a cook and babysitter. About 1842, when Margaret was eight or nine years old, the Windsor family moved from Tippecanoe Co. Indiana and to St. Joseph, Buchanan Co. Missouri . It is said that at the time the family arrived there St. Joseph consisted of only two houses. While living in Buchanan Co. Margaret’s father worked at various day labor jobs. It is also said that he drank alcohol and was often drunk. After a few years in St. Joseph and the area around St. Joseph, the family moved to DeKalb Co. Missouri. In DeKalb Co. Missouri the Windsors were listed in the 1850 census. In that census Margaret is shown living with her father and stepmother and their small children. Her own sisters, Mary and Lucinda, and her brother, William, did not live with them, as the sisters had been sent to live and work with neighboring families nearby. Sister Mary lived with the family of James G. Karnes at St. Joseph, Missouri, and sister Lucinda with an unknown family. Margaret’s brother William, after a very unpleasant incident with the stepmother, had run away from home and had returned to Indiana to live with his uncle William Compton (his mother’s brother). It is said that Margaret had only been allowed to remain in the Windsor home in order to cook and

1 Death Certificate. 2 This part of Clark Co. became Skamania Co. Washington in 1854. 3 The Battle of Tippecanoe, fought in 1811, in which William Henry Harrison, then governor of Indiana, with american troops, defeated the Indian Confederacy of Nations, led by Chief Tecumseh (d. 1813). The battle was fought against Indians who were against opening the american midwest to white settlement. The Indians were defeated and afterward the midwest was open to white settlers.

1 clean for Mrs. Short’s own children whom she had had by Jeremiah. Needless to say Margaret was very unhappy. In 1852 when Margaret was about seventeen years old, she still lived with her father, stepmother and their children, in DeKalb Co. Missouri, but she had made friends with some neighbors, the Wilson family. This Wilson family planned to leave their home in DeKalb Co. and homestead in the Willamette Valley in Oregon, taking advantage of the U. S. government’s Oregon Donation Land Act. 4 Margaret saw a chance to leave her own unhappy home and suggested to the Wilsons that she might go to Oregon with them. The Wilsons agreed to take Margaret along, that is of course with Jeremiah’s permission. Margaret then told her father of her plans, that she was going to Oregon. Margaret later reca;;ed, “I told father one day I was going to Oregon. He laughed at me and said, ‘You won’t go when the time comes.’” 5 Jeremiah thought Margaret had been talking silliness about going to Oregon, but when he realized she was actually serious, he forbid her to go. It was just a too dangerous and wild for a young girl to do. But Margaret had already decided that she was going. Not long afterward the Wilsons loaded their wagon, and headed for the Missouri River there crossing to join the other wagon trains going to Oregon. Margaret knew her chance to leave had finally come and she hurriedly gathered her meager things. But before leaving, according to the family legend, Margaret wrote her father Jeremiah a note, which she left on the kitchen table (though apparently not written by her for she could not read or write) which said, I am gone to Oregon. Then she quickly left the house and on the road caught up with the Wilson family for the trip to Oregon. When Margaret’s father Jeremiah saw the note he was very upset. He realized Margaret had indeed gone after all, as she said she would. So he went chasing after her very fast in his buckboard. 6 He caught up with the westward caravan and it is said that he searched among the various wagons asking if anyone had seen his daughter. He then found her and looked angrily at her and told her, you are not going anywhere. After that he made Margaret climb into the buckboard so he could take her back home. Of course Margaret was unhappy with this change and while traveling home neither she nor her father spoke to each other. After a while on the road Margaret and Jeremiah came to where her father had intended to cross a creek. There had been much rain recently and the small creek had turned into a raging torrent. The road had become blocked by the water. Since there was no way to get across the river Jeremiah got out of the buckboard and walked along the river bank to see if he could find an easier crossing. As he got out he said to his daughter, stay in the backboard, and then walked down the river bank out of sight. Poor Margaret sat there, realizing soon enough that the wagon train for Oregon would be gone, and along with it her chance for freedom. Now after Margaret’s father had been gone a little while it occurred to Margaret that she certainly was not going to return home again to live and work for her cruel stepmother, so she decided that whether her father liked it or not she was going to Oregon. So ignoring her father’s orders, Margaret began to get out of the buckboard, but as she got out she stumbled accidentally and fell hard onto the ground. Her fall was noisy and the violence of the sound caused the buggy to shake and to make a lot of rattling and this sudden and unexpected noise spooked the horses who without warning bolted into the overflowing river, taking the buckboard with them. Since the river at this place flowed fast and strong, the carriage and horses were swept downriver, the poor horses still being harnessed to the carriage. The horses unable to swim were drowned, and the buckboard destroyed. Margaret seeing the situation became terrified! Oh the horses! Her father would be so angry—and what would her stepmother do to her—it really was just awful, and

4 The Oregon Donation Land Act, passed by Congress in 1850, gave free homesteads in Oregon to white settlers. 5 Margaret Iman, MY ARRIVAL IN WASHINGTON IN 1852. 6 Buckboard: a light four wheeled carriage in which a long elastic board or lattice frame is used in place of body and springs. THE AMERICAN COLLEGE DICTIONARY, published by Random House, New York, 1964.

2 Margaret wanted to hide and she started to cry and then without another thought she ran as fast as she could to the safety of the Wilsons at the camp. And from there, she continued with the Wilson family to Oregon. Jeremiah returned from his search for a crossing, but he did not see Margaret, the horses or his buckboard at the river where they had been left. He looked and looked and then noticed further down the swollen river, the broken wood parts of his buckboard and—what!—the horses drowned in the water. Margaret, he shouted angrily. But there was no answer. Not hearing an answer, Jeremiah, forgetting the buckboard, became alarmed and thought, what if she drowned in the river? So he looked and

THE OREGON TRAIL looked for Margaret, but could not find her. After a while he wondered maybe she had returned to the Oregon wagon camp after all, and if that was so then what use would it be to chase after her again? And certainly by this time the Wilson’s and the wagon train were gone. With those thoughts he became angry and said to himself, oh let her go to Oregon, to hell with it. Anyway it was all very sad, because there was not so much he could do about it, except that… they had never said goodbye. Now without horses and on foot, it would be at least two days before Jeremiah would get home—and he had been rather sick with his stomach lately—and so, slowly, carefully, he at last found some place to cross the swollen river and headed home. At some point along the way Jeremiah came to the conclusion that Margaret had not really gone to Oregon after all, but had most likely drowned in the river. This is the story that he told his family when he returned home, Margaret drowned in the river, and this is the story which some Windsor descendants continue to tell to this day. Jeremiah returned home and told the stepmother Louisa all about his plight and how Margaret had run away and had probably drowned in the river. But Margaret really did not make Louisa very sad, not at all, and actually in some way Louisa was glad that she would not have to be bothered with Margaret anymore. It was only Lucinda, Margaret’s sister, who felt sad. And Lucinda missed Margaret too, even until long after Margaret had gone. 7

7 Story from Tonny Lundy, 5 August 1995. (Note: Mr. Lundy died 12 November 1997, at Stevenson, Skamania Co. Washington. He was buried in the Iman Cemetery, Stevenson.)

3 After she left Missouri Margaret never returned and never saw any of the Windsor family again.

Traveling about fifteen miles a day it took from four to six months for a wagon to go from St. Joseph, Missouri to Oregon, a distance of 1900 miles. The Wilson family had a covered wagon, pulled by an ox team, and were part of a wagon train, though probably not a large one, since during the trip Margaret later said that Indians had attacked them. Margaret walked all the way to Oregon, surviving on her wits, or as she told it, “like salmon swimming upriver, I wiggled my tail!” Eventually though the long travel of the trail became very tiresome, and at times even tragic. One day in particular a tragic incident occurred along the trail. ( Note: this story is well known and often told by Margaret’s descendants.) In one of the wagon camps along the trail a mother and father had died of cholera, only to leave behind their little baby with no one to care for it. Margaret who loved children felt sorry for the orphaned infant, and without further ado decided that she would adopt the small hungry parentless child. But despite her noble intention there was one problem with her plan, Margaret was not able to nurse a baby. Nevertheless she was determined that she would find a way to help the child. Wondering how she could feed the baby she thought of a plan which was to carry the infant from wagon to wagon in the train and ask other good kind mothers if they would breast-feed this orphan. Of course no mother, who worried about the fate of her own children on that uncertain journey, if asked, could refuse to suckle the poor baby whenever it was presented to them. And in this way Margaret was able to feed the baby. Margaret carried this baby for five hundred miles along the trail. Then one day somewhere along the trail near the present-day town of Pendleton Oregon, Margaret with the baby chanced to meet a family who happened to be related to the baby’s parents. Amazing! Of course logical to think that the baby should be with its relatives. So Margaret decided to give over the child to their care. Soon, once again, the baby, happy with its new family, was on its way again to a new home in Oregon. Margaret never forgot her experience saving this baby and years later in remembering those times she was always sure of the wonderful ending and would comment, “Oh yes, that baby got to Oregon after all.” 8

In the last days of August 1852, after a journey lasting several months, Margaret and the Wilson family finally arrived at The Dalles, Oregon. From The Dalles they boarded a raft and sailed down the Columbia River. However, before they had gone very far, Margaret became ill with “mountain fever,” and soon became unconscious, and as she later said, “I did not know anything”. 9 Evidently the exhaustion of the long overland trip and the illness had been too much for her. On the river at Shepard’s Point, where is now located the town of Stevenson, Washington, the pioneer Isaac Bush had opened, for the benefit of travelers on the Oregon Trail, a little establishment, consisting of a hewn-log cabin of three or four

8 There is also another version of the story in THE COLUMBIA GORGE, p. 51: “After carrying the orphaned baby five hundred miles Margaret became sick with mountain fever near Pendleton Oregon and had to give up the baby for adoption.” But the version in which Margaret gives the baby to its relatives is the version most often repeated. 9 “What was commonly termed mountain fever was either Rocky Mountain spotted fever or Colorado tick fever. The disease was less virulent than cholera, but deadly enough.” THE PLAINS ACROSS, p. 409. THE COLUMBIA GORGE, p. 51, implies this was a second illness for Margaret, or perhaps a relapse of the first, “She took mountain fever at Pendleton Oregon, and when she recovered she came with a family to the Cascades where she again became very ill.” (See footnote Error: Reference source not found.)

4 rooms in which was located a store, hotel, saloon and hospital. 10 At the hospital a Dr. Belford was in charge. Arriving at Shepard’s Point the Wilsons took Margaret to “Dr. Belford’s hospital” and there it was decided that Margaret should remain at the hospital under the good care of Dr. Belford. The Wilson family who by now were themselves exhausted and running low on supplies—and it was almost fall—were forced to continue on to the Willamette Valley without Margaret. Though the Wilsons and Margaret had been through much in the last six months, they now had to leave her behind, and so the Wilsons disappeared from Margaret’s life and nothing more is known about them. After a few days in Dr. Belford’s hospital Margaret began to regain consciousness from the fever, but was so thin and weak Dr. Belford thought she might die. It took many days of care and convalescence before she began to show signs of recovery—and it was several weeks before she was completely well again. When she had fully recovered from her illness Margaret began to realize she was now alone in a strange land, for the Wilsons had gone and she knew no one and had no friends there, and she wondered very much how she would take care of herself. It was then that Isaac Bush, the hotel owner, very helpfully offered her a job and that was to wait the tables at the Bush Hotel’s cafe. So Margaret accepted the job and now in Oregon began a new life. The Columbia River cuts a deep pass as it crosses the Cascade Range at Shepard’s Point, the area is known as “the Gorge,” and the river then had great rapids and salmon and land covered by virgin old-growth forests, and Indian tribes of Chinooks, Yakimas, Wascos and Klickitats. And that was then. Now the rapids are covered by dams and lakes and much of the old forests and Indians are gone, but the view, and especially the strong pure fresh air, is still beautiful.

About a month after Margaret had began to work as a waitress at the Bush Hotel, she one day noticed one of the newly arrived boarders. This was a good-looking tall young carpenter with very light perhaps blonde hair, and his name was Felix G. Iman. Mr. Iman it seems had arrived from Portland, Oregon and was in the area to help build a boat for Bradford and Coe who had started a shipbuilding company at Portland. 11 The boat was intended to sail the Columbia River carrying passengers, lumber, freight and supplies. It was to be called the COSMOPOLITE, and was to be one of the first steamers to ply the Columbia River between the Cascades and The Dalles. 12 Margaret and Mr. Iman “Felix” became acquainted. Felix thought Margaret a pretty girl, and Margaret liked him. Naturally, of course, it was not long before they began to court one another. During the courtship both continued to work at their jobs, she as waitress and he as ship carpenter. After about two months of courtship they decided to marry, and so on 14 January 1853 the young couple married in a simple wedding ceremony held at the

10 Isaac Bush, owner of the Bush Hotel, store, hospital, etc. was an early pioneer of Skamania Co.Washington having settling at Shepard’s Point in 1851 where he had taken up a donation land claim of 640 acres. He remained in the area for some years but in 1865 sold his claim to Putnam F. Bradford. By 1902 he was living at Julian City, California. Also when Margaret arrived at Shepard’s Point, Henry Shepard (1807-1902), another Skamania Co. pioneer, was in charge of the Bush Hospital. The settlement of “Shepard’s Point” was in fact the donation land claim of Henry Shepard who had, in 1852, with his two daughters, brother Joseph and second wife, Lucinda (Nelson) whom he married after a two day courtship near the Boise River in Idaho (they later divorced), come west from St. Joseph, Missouri on the Oregon Trail. After settling in Skamania Co. Henry Shepard lived there for several years, then moved to Portland, Oregon. He died in 1896 and was buried at the Columbia Masonic Cemetery in Parkrose, just east of Portland. In 1896 the town of Stevenson, Washington was built on the old Shepard donation land claim. 11 The Bradford and Coe Shipbuilding Company, owned by Daniel Bradford, his brother Putnam F. Bradford and L. W. Coe, began building steamboats on the Columbia River in 1852. They wanted to gain the business of transporting emigrants, passengers and goods that traveled on the Columbia River from The Dalles to Shepard’s Point. After some years the Bradford brothers reorganized the Bradford and Coe Shipbuilding Company into a larger corporation, the Oregon Steamship Navigation Company (OSNC), which eventually became the main source of most of the commercial river travel on the Columbia River. (For a history of the OSNC, see PORTLAND, OREGON, ITS HISTORY AND BUILDERS, Volume 1, pages 268-278, by Joseph Gaston, published by S. J. Clarke and Company, Portland, 1911.) Bradford and Coe were also early settlers in Skamania Co. Washington with donation land claims. 12 Steamer: a steamboat, a ship that burns wood to heat water, propelled by the power of steam. Even though The COSMOPOLITE, owned by Isaac Bush in partnership with Daniel Bradford, is supposed to have been the first steam ship built on the Columbia River between the Cascades and Portland, it is not recorded in any published history of steamboat travel on the Columbia River.

5 Bush Hotel. The minister of the wedding was a Justice of the Peace who also happened to be a boarder at the Bush Hotel. Margaret was then eighteen years old and Felix twenty-four. Many years later Margaret would state that her reason for marrying Felix, “He was a skilled woodsman, as well as a good man.”

Felix Grundy Iman was hard-working and loved country land, and he was known to quickly lose his temper at anyone who acted silly. 13 Esther Warren, a historian of Skamania Co. Washington, recalls being told that Felix had been “a loud mouthed man whose voice could be heard everywhere in contrast to Margaret’s soft-spoken quiet respectful manner.” Felix Grundy Iman had been born in Monroe Co. Illinois, the son of Christopher Iman and Mary (Whiteside). His father’s family had been early pioneers of Monroe Co. and his mother’s family, the Whitesides, had been even earlier pioneers of Illinois, having come to Illinois, near St. Louis, in the late 1770’s when the area was still largely Indian with french traders. When Felix was about 20 years old his parents, and a baby sister, had died of cholera 14 and his younger sisters and brothers were then adopted by neighbors. Though of pioneer stock there was not much future for young Felix at home in Monroe Co. where as a local carpenter and mechanic it is said he earned $8.00 a month. In Oregon, it was said, he could earn $8.00 a day building boats and boathouses. So leaving behind brothers and sisters Felix decided to come west on the Oregon Trail to a richer future in Oregon. Years later, Louis Iman, son of Felix and Margaret Iman, recalled, “My father came here by ox team and wagon. There were 37 wagons in their wagon train. They had to get together because they were afraid of the Indians. When father’s wagon train reached the Snake River, they dumped out a lot of their supplies and furnishings and used the wagon boxes for boats to float down the river. But you can’t navigate a stream like that in wagon boxes and this they found out.” 15 After a long trip, Felix Grundy Iman arrived in Portland, Oregon on 11 September 1852.

After they were married, Felix and Margaret continued to live at Shepard’s Point —and it seemed agreeable that they should. For a carpenter and his family there were rich vast resources in the area and much potential in the endless pine forests. And under the terms of the United States government’s Oregon Donation Land Act settlers were entitled to be given free land. In 1850 the United States Congress had passed the Oregon Donation Land Act which offered free land in Oregon to american citizens or american half-breeds, over 18 years of age, who had settled in the Oregon Territory before December 1 of that year; being 325 acres to a single settler or 650 acres to a married couple, provided that they reside on and cultivate the land for four consecutive years. Later, the terms of this act were further extended to american citizens who had arrived in the Oregon Territory before December 1, 1853, but in that case to receive only half the amount of land as had been earlier given. 16 Thus the Imans decided to settle at Shepard’s Point, and soon staked their own donation land claim to 320 acres, the amount allowed by the 1853 donation land act. They located a mile east of the Bush Hotel, near the Columbia River.

13 “He was a loud mouthed man, his voice could be heard everywhere in contrast to Margaret’s soft- spoken quiet respectful manner.” Esther Warren in THE COLUMBIA GORGE STORY, p. 52. 14 His parents and sister are in the 1850 Mortality Schedule of Monroe County, Illinois: “Christey Iman, age 50, male, born Virginia, died July, of cholera; Mary Iman, age 40, female, born Illinois, died July, of cholera; Lavina Iman, age 9 months, female, born Illinois, died July, of cholera.” 15 From an interview with Louis Iman in TOLD BY THE PIONEERS, Volume 3, p. 68. The Snake River, noted for rapids and sandbars, crosses southern Idaho. (TOLD BY THE PIONEERS, Tales of Frontier Life as Told by Those Who Remember the Days of the Territory and Early Statehood of Washington, 3 Volumes, Works Progress Administration, Olympia, Washington, 1937-38.) 16 The United States government, wanting lands for white settlement, purchased the Oregon Territory by official treaties and gifts given to the northwest Indian tribes. Yet the white and Indian culture each interpreted these imposed treaties in vastly different ways. Ownership of Oregon to the white government of America was a fait accompli, in other words rights of civilized over savage. To the nomadic hunting and gathering Indians it was the invasion of their land. Not only were the Indians uninterested in the United States government treaties, but fought desperately against them. In view of the attitudes of settler and native, etc., there were many disagreements that predicated integration of the country.

6 Their land grant included old-growth forest with its ancient fir trees, shoreline along the Columbia River and rapids, and a view, across the Columbia, of the steep mountain banks in Oregon. On this land, and within the terms of the Donation Land Act, they built their first home in 1853, a small hewn log cabin. 17 Margaret loved being a wife, and especially the idea of being a mother, and did all the work of the home. She washed and mended the clothes, grew potatoes, cooked wild ducks, deer, doves or salmon to eat, and was amazed by the outrageous high prices that local importers were getting for scarce provisions or dry goods, that is if any such goods were available. “At the Lower Cascades once,” she said, “my husband purchased a fifty pound sack of flour and it cost fifty dollars. He then walked home with the bag of flour seven and a half miles through the snow. On another occasion my husband and our neighbor Henry Shepard decided that, bearing equally upon the expense, to buy a pound of onion seed to plant, and when it arrived, it cost only $8.00.” 18 In 1852, year of the greatest Oregon Trail migration, over 10,000 emigrants followed the Trail to the Oregon–Washington Territory. Near the end of the long journey most emigrants rafted down the Columbia River to pass through “the Gorge” before continuing their journey to the fertile farmland in the Willamette Valley. Despite the large numbers of emigrants who paused to rest at the convenient Bush Hotel, very very few showed any interest in settling at Shepherd’s Point. and remained essentially a lonely isolated outpost. Of the thousands of possible settlers not more than a few families had made a permanent home there. Other than the original Cascade Indian villages only three small permanent white settlements, Upper Middle and Lower Cascades, each describing the location of a particular settlement along the rapids, had located there. Much of the lack of interest by settlers was due to the mountainous terrain and density of heavy pine forest which made the area unsuitable for farming. . to settle at Shepherd’s Point was the mountainous terrain. s that ere the Imans had settled was located on the Upper Cascades. In those days only four or five houses and not more than six or seven white families lived there. Neighbors of the Imans at the Upper Cascades included Daniel Baughman who had arrived at Shepard’s Point in September 1852 and settled on a 320 acre donation land claim just to the left of the Iman claim. Just beyond the Baughman’s Henry Shepard owned 320 acres claimed in August 1852. On the right of the Imans lay the 640 acre donation claim owned by Isaac

17 The small hewn log cabin was one room 16 feet by 16 feet built over an old Indian trail that ran parallel, and about a mile inland, to the Columbia River. The trail was chosen as the building site because it had been readily accessible and did not require heavy tree cutting labor to clear, thus building for the most part was made simpler. According to the government patent, United States to F. G. and M. W. (wife) Iman , Skamania County Deeds, Book D, p. 369-370, recorded 18 April 1864, the Iman settlement was began on 10 March 1855. But despite official records, family descendants say the Iman donation land claim was settled upon within a few months after the marriage of Felix and Margaret. Discrepancies involving the date of the Iman’s first settlement and patent may be accounted for the following reason: in remote wilderness frontiers settlers often lived on or owned land through tradition and common agreement, and therefore did not record deeds until the area had developed more economically. (See also other references to Iman donation land patents in Skamania County Deeds: Book D, p. 12, 13, recorded 18 December 1886; Book D, p. 166, recorded 11 August 1890; and Book D, p. 452, 453, recorded 21 March 1866.) 18 And prices in the Oregon Territory were expensive. Thousands of emigrants had arrived in the area, each bringing a savings account, and the continuous flow of cash into the undeveloped country increased the reserve of money. Such a continuously increasing supply of money, in relation to the amount of goods or services actually available, resulted in price inflation for everything and the devaluation of the value of money. Yet with the increased supply of money, goods and services were further inflated by the tendency of emigrants to carry only high value coins, such as half-dimes to fifty dollar slugs, into the territory, rather than low value coins such as the copper cent. (Coins were carried as they were more durable than paper money.) It was believed the high values would buy more—if there had been anything to buy—but instead they only increased the level of inflation. Because of the availabilty and commoness of high value coins, low value coins such as the copper cent, had almost no commercial use, and rarely could anything be bought for a copper cent. In Washington the dime tended to be used as the penny, the quarter as a dime, etc., and anyone, such as Margaret, not accustomed to high inflation would be amazed when comparing eastern prices to Washington inflated “high prices.” On the other hand though there was a large surplus of money in the Territory, money itslef was not considered a suitable rate of exchange for goods. Margaret said, “There was lot of money, but nothing to buy, so no one would sell a pound of flour or other provisions to his neighbor, but would loan him a quantity of it, to be returned when he would be able to purchase.” Goods were rare with prices unpredictable and varied, so borrowed goods were repaid in kind.

7 Bush, of the Bush Hotel previously mentioned. Bush had settled this claim in 1852. Beyond Isaac Bush the 640 acre claim of Daniel Bradford of Bradford and Coe Shipbuilding Company claimed in July 1850. Like Margaret and Felix these early pioneers were all in some way employed at the Bush Hotel or by the Bradford and Coe Shipbuilding Company. The Lower Cascades located five miles down river from Shepard’s Point was a farming community as land there for about a mile off the river was flat and suitable to farm. Being good farm land this area had been settled before the Upper Cascades. At this place lived a few more families on donation land claims. The first settler was Francis Chenowet who had staked a claim to 636 acres in 1845. Mrs. Elizabeth Snook, a widow with children, had come to in Oregon in 1849 and had settled there on a claim of 320 acres in 1851. Samuel Hamilton and wife Mary Jane also lived there and had 644 acres which they claimed in September 1850. The last settler at Lower Cascades was Ebenezer Hardy known as the “local doctor” who had come in 1851 and had made a claim of 309 acres. 19 Being mostly farmers the Lower Cascades Settlers were not as involved in the Bush Hotel or Bradford shipping businesses as those at the Upper Cascades, bit because of the remoteness of the area settlers from both Upper and Lower were well acquainted with each other.

Trees and trees and big trees and more trees and there were trees everywhere, they were pine trees and old old trees and the trees were cut can I say that I hate genealogy. Margaret was sunk. The land at Shepard’s Point was mountainous and covered with a dense growth of old Douglas fir trees. The land was also mountainous. It was impossible to farm there, as the Windsors and Imans had done in Missouri and Illinois. first year for the Iman’s in Skamania County were very busy. In 1853 many settlers were continuing to arrive in the west on the Oregon Trail, and many continued the last part of their journey down the Columbia River. In order to navigate the rapids on the Columbia, it was necessary to stop at Shepherd’s Point. For the settlers at Shepherd’s Point this provided an opportunity for business. Knowing the rapids were dangerous for travelers to ford, the Bradford and Coe Shipbuilding Company decided to build a tramway around the rapids so that travelers could disembark from a ship above the rapids, ride on a train around the rapids, and reembark to another ship below the rapids. Felix building boats for Bradford and Coe. Margaret though began pass through She After though the buay difficult, and especially so for Margaret. Felix had sometimes to go away on business, to buy supplies for the Bradford and Coe Company, or for home, and this meant that when he was gone Margaret would stay home, alone, and guard the house. It is not pleasant for a woman to stay alone in primitive and wild surroundings, to fear dark Indians, wolves, bears and loneliness, but sometimes Margaret did stay there alone. And in such silence and loneliness any disturbance, especially at night, could be quite serious. Sometimes at night people traveled by horse across the Iman’s land on the old Indian trail, not bothering to stop at the Iman house. Mostly at night it was Indians who rode along that part of the old Indian trail, and it seemed to get back at the Imans would let the stirrups of their saddles drag along the Iman’s house rough board walls . It scared Margaret half to death. She was home alone, guarding her house, sleeping, and suddenly a clamorous noise, in such a removed and isolated district, was frightening. But she was a strong young woman, able to endure pioneer hardships and uncertainty, and not like soft modern women who are able to buy anything on credit. She bore the hostility. There was yet another dilemma which tested her and occurred when she had been left all alone. Her husband would become detained with business and not come back until very late, and Margaret would feel abandoned. But to sum it all up and despite it all Margaret learned to speak the “Chinook trade dialect,” a jargon of the Chinook language used for trading purposes by Indian tribes living along the Columbia River. 20 (In 1920 most of the Indians tribes along the Columbia River were dead and Margaret said she could not remember how to speak Chinook.)

19 “ Doc” Hardy did not have a formal medical education, but taught himself the understanding, treatment and cure of diseases. Most of his practice consisted of bandaging and setting splints. 20 In 1922 Margaret said she had forgotten Chinook, “as both the language and Indians had all but died out.” Margaret Iman, MY ARRIVAL IN WASHINGTON IN 1852.

8 Laborers and woodchoppers and army personnel came and went fast enough in the shacks and shanties of 1850’s Skamania County, Washington. It was a one horse town, but Isaac Bush, Henry Shepard and their families lived there. Margaret gave birth to all of her children at the claim, except for Theo, Theo was the first child and was born on the Oregon side of the river in Wasco County because at the time Felix was working there, building the steamer WASCO. Mrs. Iman had sixteen children and all survived infancy, though three died later in youth. And she also raised the orphans Christopher Columbus Fields, Sully Williams and Myrtle Vallette. But birth is painful and the birth of Flora Adelia, her second child, had been rather painful and afterwards Margaret was disabled for a few days. She never forgot her crotch pain when she had to flee, two days after Flora’s birth, from her bed during the war of the Klickitats and Yakima Indians in 1856. And then Margaret had a third and then a fourth child. even though it was overgrown with wild rose bushes, brack ferns and other vegetation. to clear space for a home in that wilderness would have required The only place on the Iman claim This trail was to make. But it was an Indian trial, and to block the trail might offend the Indians. Felix felt it was no longer up to the Indians to question what was done on the Iman’s property, (besides there was the added benefit to blocking the trail, that of keeping uninvited persons from coming into the claim,) and so Felix leveled the ground, cut trees and built a small log house over the trail. The Imans moved in. The Imans were nice to the Indians, they had many Indian friends, and some of the Indians had horses and the horses rode on the old trails. And Margaret cried at the sound of the Indians horses that moved next to her bedroom at night, in the house the Imans had built beside the old Indian’s trail; and. But she knew, when she heard the scarping of the Indians horses and the saddle stirrups on her wall that all was well and she said, Felix my dear husband will be home soon enough. In 1922 Margaret said to Donald A. Brown, “Nobody could go through the horrors I went through in those days, unfortunately Jim our friend Indian Jim was hanged during the Yakima War. My husband could have saved him, but was not listened to by the Indian hanging party, most of whom were democratic minded citizens then.” The Iman house had been built over the Indian trail. Large large clumps of vegetation brack ferns and rose bushes had grown around the house. The Indians trail had been hid by the growth. The Indians could not ride their horses on the old trail and scraped the stirrups of their saddles on the trail where the Iman house was built as a protest against encroaching white settlement.

Actually Felix spoke the Chinook trade jargon better than his wife. During the building of the steamer WASCO at a frustrating time he said to a passing Indian, Mamook haul saghale, help pull the log over. Katah hyui potlatch dolla nika, he replied, how much you pay. 21 Felix had a terrible temper, and became furious. He chased the man a mile and a half intending to beat him and was almost to catch him when the man jumped over a cliff into the river. Felix did give the man a hard kick. It was thought some Indians were bad and some good. Felix did like Indians. A good Indian friend was Indian Jim. Felix best friend was Simon Geil. He saved little Theo during the Yakima War. Felix and Margaret were grateful to him for this of course. Simon Geil stayed with the Imans for many years. He later owned a saw mill. Felix worked on building steamers. He had finished the Cosmopolite and was now building the Mary, the second boat to ply on the Columbia between the Cascades and The Dalles. The only business was building boats. Felix built and owned the second boat on the Columbia. Boats were used to … In these early years of the 1850’s the Imans lived healthy and simply. On social occasions and for parties they visited and were visited by the Imans. “In those days, no one peeked out of the door to see who was there as they do nowadays, a visitor was as welcome as the flowers in May, for one day or for two weeks.” (George Iman.)

21 THE CHINOOK JARGON AND HOW TO USE IT, by George C. Shaw, published by the Seattle Rainier Printing Company, Seattle, Washington, 1909.

9 On the 26th day of March 1856 the sun rose over the Cascade Mountains, “The Indians were now getting more hostile and far enough along to insure us of battle.”

as Indians were the main community. red man’s At that time in Oregon there were fifty Indians to every white man. The Indians attacked on 4 March 1856.

The story of the Cascades Massacre from the ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON, by Reverend H. K. Hines, Lewis Publishing Company, Chicago Illinois, 1894, pp. 211-214, as recorded in a letter, published in that book, written two or three days after the massacre by Putnam F. Bradford, resident of Upper Cascades, Washington, to L. W. Coe, also of Upper Cascades, Washington, who was at the time visting Portland, Oregon: “On Wednesday, March 26th (1856), at about 8:30 a.m., after the men had gone to their work on the two bridges on the tramway, the Yakimas came down upon us. There was a line of them from Mill creek above us to the big pond at the head of the falls, firing simultaneously on the men; and the first notice we had of them was their bullets and the crack of their guns. Of our men at the first fire one was killed and several wounded. Our men, on seeing the Indians, all run for our store, through a shower of bullets, except three who started down stream for the middle blockhouse a mile and a half distant. Bush and his family also ran into our store, leaving his own house vacant. The Watkins family came to our store after a boy had been shot in their house. The was grand confusion in our store at first; and Sinclair, of Walla Walla, going to the railroad door to look out, was show from the bank above and instantly killed. Some of us then commenced getting the guns and rifles, which were ready loaded, from behind the counter. Fortunately about an hour before there had been left with us for transportation below nine United States Government rifles with cartridge boxes and ammunition. These saved us. As the upper story of the house was abandoned, Smith, the cook, having come below, and as the stairway was outside where we dare not go, the stove-pipe was handed down, the hole enlarged with axes, and a party of men crawled up and the upper part of the house soon secured. We were surprised that the Indians had not rushed into the upper story, as there was nothing nor nobody to prevent them. Our men soon got some shots at the Indians on the bank above us. I saw Bush shoot an Indian who was drawing a bead on Mrs. Watkins as she was running for our store. He dropped instantly. Alexander and others mounted into the gable under the roof, and from there was done most of our firing. In the meantime we were barricading in the store, making port-holes and firing when opportunity offered; but the Indians were soon very cautious about exposing themselves. I took charge of the store. Dan Bradford on the second floor and Alexander on the garret and roof. The steamer MARY was lying at the mouth of Mill creek, and the wind was blowing strong down stream. When we saw the Indians running toward her and heard the shots, we supposed she would be taken; and as she lay just out of our sight, and we saw smoke rising from her, concluded she was burning, but what was our glad surprise after a while to see her put out and run across the river. The Indians now returned in force to us, and we gave every one a shot who showed himself. There were nearly naked, painted red, and had guns and bows and arrows. After a while Finlay came creeping around the lower point of the island toward our house. We hallooed to him to lie down behind a rock, and he did so. He called to us that he could not get to the store as the bank above us was covered with Indians. He saw Watkins house burn while there. The Indians first took what they wanted,—blankets, clothes, guns, etc. By this time the Indians had crossed in canoes to the island, and we saw them coming, as we supposed, after Finlay. We then saw Watkins and Bailey running around the river side toward the place where Finlay was, and the Indians in full chase after

10 them. As our own men came around the point in full view, Bailey was shot through the arm and leg. He continued on, and, plunging into the river, swam to the front of our store and came in safely, except for his wounds. He narrowly escaped going over the falls. Finlay also swam across and got in unharmed, which was wonderful, as there were showers of bullets all around them. Watkins next came running around the point, and we called to him to lie down behind a rock; but before he could do so he was shot in the wrist, the ball going up the arm and out above the elbow. He dropped behind a rock just as the pursuing Indians came following around the point, but we gave them so hot a reception from our house that they backed out and left poor Watkins where he lay. We called to him to lie still and we would get him off; but we were not able to do so until the arrival from The Dalles of the steamer MARY with troops, two days and nights afterward. During this time Watkins fainted several times from weakness and exposure, the weather being very cold, and he was stripped down to his underclothing for swimming. When he fainted he would roll down the steep bank into the river, and, the ice-cold water numbing him, he would crawl back under fire to his retreat behind the rock. Meantime, his wife and children were in the store, in full view, and moaning piteously at his terrible situation. He died from exhaustion, two days after he was rescued. The Indians were now pitching into us right smart. They tried to burn us out; threw rocks and fire-brands, hot-irons, pitch-wood, everything on the roof that would burn. But you will recollect that for a short distance back the back inclined toward the house, and we could see and shoot the Indians that appeared there. So they had to throw from such distance that the largest rock and bundles of fire did not quite reach us, and what did generally rolled off the roof. Sometimes the roof got on fire, and we cut it out, or with cups of brine drawn from the pork barrels put it out, or with long sticks shoved off the fire- balls. The kitchen roof troubled us much. How the did pepper us with rocks! some of the big ones would shake the house all over. There were not forty men, women and children in the house—four women and eighteen men that could fight, and eighteen wounded men and children. The steamer WASCO was on the Oregon side of the river. We saw her steam up and leave for The Dalles. Shortly after the steamer MARY, also left. So passed the day, during which the Indians had burned Iman’s two houses, your sawmill and houses, and the lumber yards at the mouth of Mill Creek. At daylight they set fire to your new warehouse on the island, making it light as day around us. I suppose that they reserved this building for night that we might not get Watkins off. We had no water, but did have about a dozen of ale and a few bottle of whiskey. These gave out during the day. During the night a Spokane Indian who was traveling with Sinclair, and was in the store with us, volunteered to get a pail of water from the river. I consented, and he stripped himself naked, jumped out down the bank and was back in no time. By this time we looked for the steamer from The Dalles, and were great disappointed, at her non-arrival. We weathered it out during the day, every man keeping his post and none relaxing in vigilance. Every moving object, shadow, or suspicious bush up the hill received a shot. The Indians must have thought the house a bomb-shell. To our ceaseless vigilance I ascribe our safety. Night came again; Bush’s house near by was also fired, keeping us in light until four a.m., when darkness returning I sent the Spokane Indian for water from the river and he filled two barrels. He went to and fro like lightning. We also slipped poor James Sinclair’s body down the slide outside, as the corpse was quite offensive. The two steamer now having exceeded the length of time we gave them in which to return from The Dalles, we made up our minds for a long siege and until relief came from below. We could not account for it, but supposed the Ninth Regiment had left The Dalles for Walla Walla, and had proceeded too far to return. The third morning dawned, and lo! the MARY and WASCO, blue with soldiers, and towing a flat-boat with dragoon horses, hove in sight. Such a hallo as we gave!

11 As the steamer landed the Indians fired twenty or thirty shot into them, but we could not ascertain with any effect. The soldiers as they landed could not be restrained but plunged into the woods in every direction, while the howitzers sent grape after the retreating redskins. The soldier were soon at our store, and we, I think I may say, experienced quite a feeling of relief on opening our doors. During this time we had not heard from below. A company of dragoons under Colonel Steptoe went on down. The block-house of the middle cascades still held out. Allen’s house was burned and every other one below: G. W. Johnson, S. M. Hamilton, F. A. Chenoweth, the wharf-boat at the cascades,— all gone up. Next in order came the attack on the MARY. She lay in Mill Creek, no fires, and the wind hard ashore. Jim Thompson, John Woodward and Jim Herman were just going up to the boat from our store at they were fired upon. Hamilton asked if they had any guns. No. He went up to Iman’s house, the rest staying to help the steamer out. Captain Dan Baughman and Thompson went ashore on the upper side of the creek, hauling on lines, when the firing of the Indians became to hot that they ran for the woods, past Iman’s house. The fireman, James Lindslay, was hot through the shoulder; Engineer Buckminster shot an Indian with his revolver on the gang-plank, and little Johnny Chance while climbing up the hurricane deck with an old dragoon pistol killed his Indian, but he was shot through the leg, in doing so. Dick Turpin, half crazy probably, taking the only gun on the steamboat, plunged into a flat-boat lying along side, was shot, and plunged overboard and drowned. Fire was soon started under the boiler and steam was rising. About this time Jesse Kempton, shot, while driving an ox team from the sawmill, got on board; also a half-breed named Bourbon, who was shot through his body. After sufficient steam to move was raised, Hardin Chenoweth ran up into the pilot house, and lying on the floor, turned his wheel, as he was directed, from the lower deck. It is needless to say that the pilot house was the target for the Indians. After the steamer was backed out and turned around he did toot the whistle at them good. Toot! toot! toot! It was music in our ears. The steamer picked up Herman from the bank above. Iman’s family, Shepperd and Vanderpool all got across the river in skiffs, and, boarding the MARY, went to The Dalles. Colonel George Wright and the Ninth Regiment, Second Dragoons and Third Artillery had started for Walla Walla, and were out five miles and camped when the MARY reached The Dalles. They received news of the attack at 11 p.m. and by daylight were back to The Dalles. Starting down, they only reached Wind mountain that night, as the MARY’S boiler was in bad condition because of a new fireman the day before. They reached us the next morning at six o’clock. Now for below. Goerge Johnson was about to get a boat crew of Indians when Indian Jack came running to him saying that Yakimas had attacked the block-house. He did not believe it, though he heard the cannon. He went up to the Indian village on the sand-bar to get his crew, saw some of the Cascade Indians who said they thought the Yakimas had come, and George, now hearing the muskets, ran for home. E. W. Baughman was with him. Bill Murphy had left the block-house early for the Indian camp and had nearly returned before he saw the Indians, or was shot at. He returned, two others with him and ran for George Johnson’t, about thirty Indians in chase. After reaching Johnson’s he continued on and gave Hamilton and all below warning, and the families all embarked in small boats for Vancouver. The men would have barricaded in the wharf-boat but for want of ammunition. There was considerable Government freight in the wharf-boat. They stayed about the wharf-boat and schooner nearly all day and until the Indians began firing at them from the zinc house on the bank. They then shoved out. Sammy Price was shot through the leg in getting the boat into the stream. Floating down they met the steamer BELLE

12 with Phil. Sheridan 22 and fifty men, sent up on report of an express sent down by Indian Simpson in the morning. George and those with him went on board and volunteered to serve under Sheridan, who landed at George’s place and found everything burned. The steamer returned and the Indians pitched into Sheridan and fought him all day and drove him with foty men and ten volunteers to below Hamilton, not withstanding he had a small cannon. One soldier ws killed. The steamer BELLE returned the next day (third of the attack) and brought ammunition for the block house. Your partner, Bishop, who was in Portland, came up on her. Steamer FASHION, with volunteers from Portland, came at the same time. The volunteers remained at the Lower Cascades. Sheridan took his command, and with a batteau loaded with ammunition crossed Bradford’s island on the Oregon side, where they found most of the Cascade Indians, they having been ordered by George Johnson to go there on the first day of the attack. They were crossing and re-crossing all the time and Sheridan made them prisoners. He passed a boat’s crew, and as they towed up to the head of the island and above saw great numbers of Indians on the Washington Territory side, and opposite them. Sheridan expected them to cross and fight him, and between them and the ‘friendly’ Indians in his charge thought he had his hands full. Just them Sheridan discovered Steptoe and his troops coming down from the MARY, surprising completely the Indians, who were cooking beef and watching Sheridan across the river. But on the sound of the bugle the Indians fled like deer into the woods with the loss of only one killed—‘old Joanam.’ But for the bulge they ought to have captured fifty. The Indians Sheridan took on the island were closely guarded. Old Chenoweth—chief—was brought up before Colonel Wright, tried and sentenced to be hung. The Cascade Indians, being under treaty, were adjudged guilty of treason in fighting. Chenoweth died game. He was hung on the upper side of Mill creek. I acted as interpreter. He offered two horses, two squaws, and a little something to every ‘tyee’ for his life; said he was afraid of the grave in the ground, and begged to be put into an Indian dead-house. He gave a terrific war whoop while the rope was being put about his neck. I thought he expected the Indians to come and rescue him. The rope did not work well, and while hanging he muttered, ‘Wake nike kwass kopa memaloose’ (I am not afraid to die). He was then shot. I was glad to see the old devil killed, being satisfied that he was at the bottom of all the trouble. —— We do not know who many Indians there were. They attacked the block-house, our place, and drove Sheridan all at the same time. We think they were not less than three hundred.”

There was a boat landing and mule-drawn railroad that ran along the rapids. The mule drawn railroad had been built by Isaac Bush for the purpose of transporting settlers through the rapids. Most of the supplies were brought from Portland, sixty miles away. Felix especially loved the large spruce trees, and would put his arms around them. That was before he cut them down. Bank notes were first issued by the United States government in 1866, 23 and it was a little later that this form of paper money began to be used in Washington. In those days bank notes were commonly called greenbacks, and unknown to many of the older settlers the value of greenbacks could be highly speculative. From about the time the first paper money came into Washington there is an amusing story about greenbacks and Felix Iman; or how he ate a bitter lesson regarding the inflationary values of paper money. The story was that Mr. Iman had fifteen-hundred dollars worth of greenbacks—which he was suddenly forced to sell, and he sold them at the then going rate of forty cents on the dollar. Of course forty cents on the dollar would mean a big loss, a loss that would be about nine hundred dollars, or enough money to buy

22 Phil Sheridan (1831-1888), known later as General Philip Sheridan, a general of the Civil War Union Army. He would have been 23 years old at the time of the Cascades Massacre. 23 Paper money did not come into use in America until after 1866.

13 200 acres of land, but he sold them and sold they were. Yet mysteriously in just ten days time, as luck would have it, the greenbacks once again reverted to full face value. It was a terrible shock for Mr. Iman, the unpredictable and unfavorable divestment possibilities of paper money, it altered his sense of values, never again would he be duped into thinking paper money had any real worth. From that day forward he decided only to practice safe business methods, that is by buying and selling only with gold and silver coins. And thereafter he specified in his business dealings, and often in writing, payment to be made in gold coin.24 SKAMANIA COUNTY PIONEER, 19 June 1902, “Felix Iman, of Stevenson, one of the earliest settlers and old pioneers of Oregon, is in the hospital at Portland being treated for dropsy.” SKAMANIA COUNTY PIONEER, 26 June 1902, “Felix G. Iman is very low and this morning took a steamer for Portland. The old pioneer was very feeble and the probability is that he is taking his last river trip and has seen his old home for the last time.” SKAMANIA COUNTY PIONEER, 24 July 1902, obituary, Felix Iman Dead, by Thomas Harlan, Pioneer. “On July 17th, at 2:30 p.m. Felix Iman, who had taken a donation claim on Rock creek in 1852, died. The funeral was held Saturday afternoon at the residence, the remains being interred in the family burying ground. The obsequies were conducted by Rev. F. H. Walker, of the Locks. Although Felix Iman belonged to a generation that has passed, he will be truly mourned as a friend lost. Mr. Iman raised a large family of boys and girls, who themselves have married–children. He also leaves a widow near his own age. His old-time hospitality was of that kind that followed the frontier from Cumberland Gap to the waters of the Pacific, and has blessed thousands of wary and footsore emigrants on the road to their new homes in the valleys of the Mississippi and across the plains. No stranger passed Felix Iman’s cabin hungry. They received the best he had, sweetened with a welcome, which to a real man is the greater consideration. He was filled with charity and good deeds to his neighbors and all men were his neighbors when he could do them a kindness. He belonged to that set of men that include Amos Underwood, Dr. Leavens, James Walker and the Hamiltons. No grander men lived than the pioneers. No greater epitaph could be chiseled upon stone than that “He was a pioneer.” Felix Iman lived to see nearly all his contemporaries cross the mystic river whence he has gone to meet them, if it be true that when “the silver cord is loosed, or the golden bowl be broken, or the pitcher be broken at the fountain, or the wheel at the cistern,” that the spirit goes to God who gave it, as the Bible so eloquently says. A month ago Mr. Iman’s children and grandchildren brought him to the boat landing to see him go to Portland to the hospital. It was pathetic to see the young people part with their patriarchal father, whom we all knew was rapidly nearing the end. His every appearance, his subdued expression, the softness and mellowness of his voice was a prelude to the shadows of the failing night, and reminded one of that passage in Scripture which reads something like this: “And I looked and beheld a pale horse, and his name that sat upon him was Death.” However this scene at the boat landing was not distressing. It spoke only of a quiet sunset at the close of a peaceful life. It was the glimmering twilight of a passed day, and only in the sense of having flown.” SKAMANIA COUNTY PIONEER, 24 July 1902, Carson, “Lewis Eyman and family attended the funeral of Mr. Eyman’s brother at Stevenson last Saturday.” SKAMANIA COUNTY PIONEER, 16 May 1924, “Grandma Inman was reported very low the first of the week, but the past few days she has regained her usual health and is up and around again. Mrs. Inman is about 96 years of age.” ( Note: Mrs. Inman — Mrs. Iman, Margaret Windsor Iman.) SKAMANIA COUNTY PIONEER, 1 August 1924, obituary, Pioneer Resident Called, “Margaret W. Iman died in Stevenson, Monday, July 28, aged 90 years, 4 months and six days. She was born in Tippecanoe county, Indiana, in 1834. In the fall of 1851 she married Felix G. Iman and in the spring of 1852 they crossed the plains form the state of Missouri with ox team, stopping in Skamania county, where she had

24 For example, Felix G. Iman and wife to Monroe Vallett, Skamania County Deed Book D, p. 381, 7 November 1891, “payment of $400 in gold coin made to Felix Iman.”

14 made her home continuously since. The sons living are T. C. Iman of Napavine, Wash., John W. Iman, Albert O. Iman, Geo. W. Iman, Louis Iman and Chas. Iman of Stevenson; the daughters are Mrs. Rose A. Jones of Satsop, Wash., Mrs. Flora A. Foster and Mrs. M. L. McKinnon of Stevenson. Thirty-five grand children and 50 great grandchildren survive the deceased. Interment was held Wednesday. At her request the funeral services were held at the family cemetery under a huge spreading tree. Rev. Lawrence officiating.” SKAMANIA COUNTY PIONEER, 1 August 1924, Card of Thanks, “Stevenson, Wash., July 30, 1924 — We wish to thank all who assisted us during the illness and death of our pioneer mother of the early fifties. Also those who contribued the beautiful floral gifts. Theo. Iman, Al. Iman, Chas. Iman, Martha MacKinnon, Geo. Iman, John Iman, Lou. Iman, Flora Foster, Rose Jones.”

MY ARRIVAL IN WASHINGTON IN 1852 by Margaret Windsor Iman My maiden name was Margaret Windsor. I was born in Tippecanoe County, Indiana, in the early 40rties. My father moved to DeKalb County, Missouri, when I was about the age of eight or nine years. My mother, who was Martha Compton, had died and my father had married a second time to Mrs. Louisa Short, hence we had a stepmother who ruled over us. She was all but a kind mother to me, so I told father one day I was going to Oregon. He laughed at me and said, "You won't go when the time comes." There was a company of emigrants who were now getting ready to start west. I knew some of them and when they came by I went out and started on my long trip to the west. We were six months on the trip with ox teams and it was a long and tiresome one too. On our trip, I think I am safe in saying, I carried a little motherless babe 500 miles, whose mother had died, and when we would go from camp to camp in search of some good, kind, motherly woman to let it nurse no one ever refused when I presented it to them. We landed in the Dalles in the year 1852 and came down the river on a raft to what is known as Sheppard's Point, where Stevenson, the county seat of Skamania County, now stands. At the latter end of the trip I had come down with what was then called "Mountain fever" became unconscious and did not know anything. I was then moved down to the head of Cascade rapids near the supposed Bridge of the Gods. Mr. Isaac H. Bush had erected a hospital there for the benefit of the sick and I was soon an inmate of that institution and was placed under the care of Dr. Belford. He being a good doctor, as well as a good, kind man, I was soon on my way to recovery. Mr. Bush also owned a hotel and when well I went to work for him waiting table; but while I lay sick in bed I heard the cries of an infant babe in some part of the building. I asked for it to be brought to me and my bidding was granted. I took it in my arms and tried to play with it, but was so weak and worn I could not. This was the first babe I had in my arms after landing at the Cascades in 1852. This little babe was C. M. Williams, who was born at the Cascades and who was a half-brother to J. F. and J. W. Atwell of Stevenson, Wash., and who was stopping at my house in later years when he died in Stevenson at the age of some sixty odd years. He always loved me as his mother. He rests in the little cemetery above Stevenson, on the bank of the lordly Columbia. While I was still employed by Mr. Bush I formed the acquaintance of Felix G. Iman, who had been sent up from Portland to work on the construction of a steamboat called the Cosmopolite, to ply the river between the Cascades and the Dalles. He being a skilled workman, as well as a good man, I married him a little later. Portland at this time had but few houses and those were all on donation claims. We had in all sixteen children; nine boys, of whom six are living: T. C. Iman of Napavine, Wash., A. C. Iman of Castle Rock, Wash., George Iman, L. F. Iman and C. N. Iman of Stevenson, Wash., and John W. Iman of Cascades, Wash.; seven girls, of whom four are dead and three living; Mrs. Flora Foster of Stevenson, Mrs. M. L. MacKinnon of Beaverton, Ore., and Mrs. Rosa J. Jones of Satsop, Wash. I have thirty-six grandchildren now living and thirty-seven great-grandchildren. In 1854 my husband built the steamer /Wasco, owned by him and Captain McFarland. She plied on the river between the Cascades and The Dalles. She was the

15 third steamer that ran on those waters between the Cascades and the Dalles. The iron hull propellers. Allen, the first, Mary, the second, and the steamer Wasco the third. Now the Indians were getting somewhat numerous and were much on the warpath, so my husband sold out his interest in the Wasco to Captain McFarland and put up a saloon at the boat landing. There were three saloons a little later on -- one owned by Isaac H. Bush, one by Thomas McNatt and one by my husband. My husband did not like the saloon business, so he sold out to Fletch Murphy. In those early fifties money was plentiful but clothing and provisions were high. The cons ranged from the silver half-dime to the fifty dollar slug, and I will include the copper cent. I well recall an instance of the paper money, those days -- the common greenback. My husband had fifteen hundred dollars worth of them and had to let them go at forty cents on the dollar, and in ten days time they were full face value, and, I want to tell you, he never loved a greenback after that. No one would sell a pound of flour or other provisions to his neighbor, but would loan him a quantity of it, to be returned when he would be able to purchase. I will relate to you a fact regarding high prices. My husband and Mr. Sheppard, who owned the donation claim where this little town now stands, went in together to purchase a pound of onion seed, each to bear equally on the expense, and when the seed arrived they were "only" eight dollars for the pound. A fifty pound sack of flour that my husband purchased at the Lower Cascades, as it was then called, or rather at the end of the little portage line, cost fifty dollars and it was carried home in the snow, the distance of the lines being six an seven-eighths miles long. The Indians were getting more hostile and far enough along to assure us of battle, so my husband decided he would move up on our donation claim about a mile distant. We had hewn logs and put up a house on what is yet known as Powder Island slough. We had decided to stay and try to fight off the warriors. We had carried in lots of wood and water and cut portholes through the walls of our house, making it a kind of fort. We afterwards abandoned this idea as there was a large pile of shavings from the shingles that lay against the house under the shed and on account of the underbrush which was close to the house, this would have been an easy mark for them and have thrown firebrands into and have cremated us while sleeping. While we were pondering over the situation, two hostiles put in an appearance about one hundred and fifty yards distant. They were huge and looking fierce and wild. A man named Carter, who was stopping at our house, asked my husband if he had any guns and he said "yes" and went out and brought two. Mr. Carter took one and my husband the other, each one of the men to name the warrior he was to shoot at. Mr. Carter gave the signal to fire after good aim had been taken, but when the word was given my husband's gun made a "long fire" and he did not get his game, though Mr. Carter took his man square in the stomach. The others ran like elk, and as far as we know, escaped unharmed. They had fox skins filled with arrows and as they stood with the bows on end they were almost as tall as the warriors, who were close to six feet. Mr. Carter got the huge bow and the arrows, so after shooting the man they decided to cross the river to the Oregon shore. I was sick in bed with a small baby at the time of the massacre on March 26, 1856. In the excitement I was carried from my bed up the river about a mile to where was supposed to be a skiff. The skiff had been taken over to the other side of the slough by a man named Herman, who died in the Dalles later; so Mr. Simeon Geil, who was at our place, ran the skiff over to where we were. As I was being carried into the boat, it was discovered that my little boy, two years old, had been left asleep in the bed. Mr. Geil, who was young and good on foot, ran back and got him. So you can see a part only of what I went through in those early days. I think that day was the worst I ever witnessed on the old Columbia and there have been many, taking it all in all. I don't care to see any more of them -- the roar of the small cannon at the blockhouse, the firing of guns; the dead and wounded; the war cries of the warriors in their war paint; the burning of buildings, with my house among them, the fleeing of the people, and I being all but well; the splashing waters and bounding skiff did not add to a speedy recovery for me; but we landed on the Oregon shore safe and took the steamer Mary for the Dalles.

16 Later, when we returned, I hardly knew the place. There were fourteen of the Indians captured and hanged on a tree about one mile from where we lived. Some of them, when asked to talk, shook their heads and put the noose around their own necks. Others laughed at those who were hanging. There were fourteen of the Indians captured and hanged on a tree about one mile from where we lived. (Correction: Only nine of these Indian prisoners was executed. D.A.B.) Some of them, when asked to talk, shook their heads and put the noose on their own necks. Others laughed at those who were hanging. The device of hanging was one end of a rope tied to a limb, the other to the neck. A whiskey barrel stood on end and one end of a rope about twenty feet in length drawn through the bung hole of the barrel with a knot tied on the inner end, which served to jerk the barrel from under the condemned man. One among them was Jim Tassalo -- he insisted he had not been in the battle. My husband, some few days before their capture, while on his way to The Dalles, had met Jim and told him the Indians already had been killing the whites at the Cascades, so he turned his skiff and sailed for the point from where he had come. He wanted those who held him in captivity to hold him, unharmed, till Felix, my husband, came from The Dalles and if he said he was in the battle, he was willing to be hanged. This they refused to do and so hanged him and asked Mr. Iman afterwards; hence a life was taken from one for the crime he had not committed, for my husband said; "Men, you have done wrong, for Jim, I know was not in the battle." There seemed to be two tribes of the Indians. Chenoweth was called the chief on the Washington side of the river, and Bannaha on the Oregon side. They were not friendly -- the two chiefs -- as each wanted to rule both sides of the river. There is some dispute as to the hanging of Chief Chenoweth, but there need be none, for I know he was hanged among the fourteen on a balm tree. The other chief, Bannaha, died a natural death at what was called Greenleaf. Chenoweth told the executors they could not hang him; saying he would yell out for help and that five hundred Indians would dome to his rescue in just a few moments; but his yelling did no good, for he was hanged just as easy as the rest of the savages. After the death of Bannaha, Alex Telo, who married the chief's daughter, called himself chief, but as far as I know he was not recognized by any tribe as chief. The horrors I went through during those early fifties would be unendurable to the women of today. The Indian trail passed close enough to my house that the stirrups of the warriors would drag on the rough board wall all night long. The trail was pretty much hidden by the wild rose bushes and buck thrust and other small vegetation as well. Many times I have witnessed this when all alone at night, while my husband would be out late on some kind of business and would be detained. I tell you it was all but pleasant during those olden days of the early fifties. After the war was over and the Indians were getting somewhat friendly with the whites, they would often congratulate my husband and tell him he was the Boston Chief and Bannaha the Indian Chief, and if a dispute arose among them they would call on him to settle it for them, and in nine cases out of ten, they were willing to abide by his decision. He had learned to understand their language and could speak it fairly well and I afterwards learned to speak it pretty well, but can't speak much of it now. It disappeared, as did the red man also. I will relate a comical occurrence, as well as a painful one, that took place between my husband and the Jim I have mentioned who was hanged. My husband owed him fifty cents and he lived on the Oregon side of the river, here my husband and I had gone for a visit at the Chipman home. After I was there for a day or two I took sick and my husband had brought home for me a pint of whiskey to use as medicine. The Chipman house is the section house at Cascade Locks today, and was built in 1855, if memory serves me right, and a pretty good house today. It happened that Jim heard we were there and came to get the money, and as he entered the house, he spied the pint of whiskey and my husband offered him the money. He said, "No, give me the whiskey and keep the money." My husband said: "No. Jim, I can't for it is unlawful to sell and Indian whiskey and I have got it for medicine." Whereupon the Indian became very angry, saying, "I will go and get my gun and kill you if you don't give me the whiskey." My husband said: "Go and get it if you like. I am not afraid and will take a chance with you." He ran out of the house and jumped on his cayuse; ran to Mr. Chipman's fence, threw it down and regardless of his field of

17 oats, ran through it, threw the fence down on the other side and ran out. He had not been gone but a few minutes till Mr. Chipman called Mr. Iman to dinner and it so happened that my husband was facing the door. They had no more than got seated when in ran the copper colored Jim, gun in hand and ready for action. He spoke in English: "I am going to kill you; I told you I would." But my husband, who was a fast man and afraid of nothing, sprang from the table, tore the gun from him, walked to the door facing the river and fired both barrels and threw it fifty feet away, breaking it so that it did not look much like a gun. Then he grabbed the unlucky Jim, who towered above him, and before anyone could pull him loose he had beat the copper colored man most unmercifully and threw him out of the house. At last he was able to drag himself to his wigwam. After two or three days had passed, Jim sent for my husband to come and see him and continued to send for him for about ten days. So on Monday morning Jim sent for Mr. Iman and Mr. Chipman said "Felix, I would go and see what he wants, but don't go without being armed." So my husband put Mr. Chipman's six-shooter in his pocket and went blue. He entered the house saying: "Jim, I have heard you want to see me; now what do you want?" "I don't want any more trouble," said Jim. "But you have made me blind, and I don't think I will ever see again, and I want you to pay me for it. If I am blind my wife and children will starve to death, so pay me." My husband said: "Jim, you made your own trouble and I will only pay you the same kind of pay if you care for it." Not long afterwards Jim was up and around and the first place he went for was our house. My husband gave him the fifty cents and they often talked about it and laughed. Jim worked for my husband hoeing potatoes many times. Another instance that took place between another Indian and my husband was at the time he started to build the steamer Wasco. He had gone one day in a skiff across to the Oregon side near the locks to get a large crook he had hewn out to be used as a bow-stem for the steamer Wasco. It was pretty large and also heavy and it's shape made it pretty long. Some way he got it into the small boat with the aid of Mr. Chipman, or perhaps someone else and proceeded toward the Washington side. He made his way to what is called the chute, where N. Fields once lived. He then had to tumble out of the skiff, as the boat had grounded on the bottom and he could not land. So he tugged at it and lifted every pound that was in him but it stood upon the two points he could no push it over. Perhaps one more pound would have overbalanced it an turned it out on dry land. An Indian now appeared upon the sand and walked right up in front of the crook as my husband held it upon the two ends. He was in arms length of it and my husband said: Pull it over - in the Indian's own tongue. He replied to Mr. Iman: "How much will you pay me?" My husband got angry at this -- let the heavy missile fall back into the water and ran out after him down the river past a local place and down through the lands to the mouth of the creek, a distance of about a mile and a half. He gained the time on the dark man when he came to the bank which was perhaps twenty feet above water, and as the Indian sprang from the bank to the flat on the other side, my husband bested the jump to the other shore by a good foot. This ended the race, and the Indian won as my husband did not continue it. Both were tired by the long chase. I'm under the impression that it was lucky for the Indian that he was caught! ——— OREGONIAN, Portland Oregon, 12 June 1933, Impressions and Observations of the Journal Man, column by Fred Lockley: “ I was born the day that Grant was first inaugurated and if you know anything about history you know that was on March 4, 1869,” said Louis Franklin Iman when I interviewed him at his home at Stevenson. “My father, Felix Grundy Iman , was born in Illinois, November 24, 1828. My mother, whose maiden name was Margaret Windsor was born in Tippecanoe county, Indiana. She never had any birthdays for she didn’t know what day or month she was born. She was left an orphan when she was a baby, and the folks that took her either didn’t know or didn’t tell her when she was born. My father crossed the plains by ox team in 1852. Mother crossed the same year, but in a different train with a family named Wilson.” “ Mother was 15 years old when the wagon train she was with reached The Dalles. They put her on the raft to go to Portland but she was so sick that they landed at Shepherd’s Point which is now known as Stevenson. Mother had the mountain fever and was unconscious. They took her to a hotel here at The Cascades not knowing whether

18 she would live or die. Isaac Bush ran a hotel, saloon and store here in 1852. The Wilsons went on to the Willamette valley. After a few days Mother took a turn for the better and in a few weeks was able to earn her keep in the hotel as a waitress.” “ My father was working as a carpenter, building the steamer Mary, a small side- wheeler built by Bradford & Coe. Captain Eph Baughman was put in command. One of the owners, Captain Lawrence W. Coe was the son of Nathaniel Coe. The Mary was built near the mouth of Blue creek a the Upper Cascades. Father boarded at Bush’s hotel and there he met Mother. She was about 16 when Father married her. Thy were married by the Justice of the Peace, who boarded at Bush’s Hotel. Father later worked on the building of the Wasco, built by Put Bradford, to connect with the Fashion, which plied between Portland and the Lower Cascades.” — It is interesting to note that at this time Captain Gladwell ran the Allen, and Captain Baughman the Mary, on the middle river. The building of the Wasco resulted in a cut in freight rates of $30 per ton from Portland to The Dalles. The Belle, the Fashion and The Eagle were running between Portland and the Lower Cascades. The Multnomah ran from Portland to Astoria and Captain Ainsworth, in command of the Jennie Clark, and the Portland, under Captain Murray, ran between Portland and Oregon City. Captain Lawrence W. Coe, one of the owners of the Mary, was born in New York state in 1831. In 1853 he served as purser on the Fashion, running between Portland and the Cascades. Later he was on the Mary. In 1858, with R. R. Thompson, he built the Colonel Wright, which was built and launched at the mouth of the Deschutes, the first steamer that ever turned a wheel on the upper Columbia. It was launched on October 25, 1858. The government paid the owners $80 at ton to carry freight from Celilo to Fort Walla Walla. She made three trips a week during the summer. In 1861 the Colonel Wright made a trip up the Clearwater. Captain Leonard White was the first commander of the Colonel Wright. His pilot was Eph W. Baughman. White was paid $500 a month. He was succeeded by Captain Thomas Stump, and later by Captain Coe, Felton and John Henry Dix Gray. The Colonel Wright was a mint for her owners. Captain Lawrence W. Coe was appointed manager of the Oregon Steam Navigation Company and in 1863 he went East to purchase material for the Portage railroad at The Dalles.— “ After my father and mother were married,” said Mr. Iman, “Father took up a donation land claim about half a mile north of the head of the rapids on the Washington side of the river. My father and mother had 16 children. I was the 10th. Seven of us are still living. My father died in July 1903 and my mother about 19 years ago.” ——— OREGONIAN, Portland Oregon, 13 June 1933, Impressions and Observations of the Journal Man, column by Fred Lockley: Lewis F. Iman has lived at Stevenson, Wash., for the past 64 years. He was born there on March 4, 1869. “ My father, who was a boat-builder, went to work at The Cascades in the fall of 1852, “ said Mr. Iman. “Father owned a water-power sawmill where I worked as a boy. Later I worked on fish wheels in the Columbia river. When I went to work on the fish wheels sturgeon were not considered food fish as they are today. They used to get in the fish wheels, to our great annoyance. I have killed thousands of them. I usually hit them in the head with a sledgehammer and threw them back in the river. I saw one sturgeon that dresses 600 pounds. Later a man used to buy the sturgeon from us, paying 40 cents each if the sturgeon ran from four to eight feet long. I found out later that he sold the eggs at 5 cents a pound. They made what is called caviar from the eggs. I worked on the river or in sawmills for a good many years. Later I ran a saloon here. It’s real name was the Headquarters Saloon, but everyone called it the Red Line Saloon. I ran it for 12 years, from 1904 to 1916, and would have run it longer, but the people in Washington voted saloons out, so I had to quit. “ I was married on January 1, 1889, to my cousin, Emily May Iman. We were married by Probate Judge William Thomas. We have had eight children, three of whom are still living. We have had five grandchildren and we had one great-grandchild. “I’m afraid I’m not keeping up the family record. I have only eight children while my father and mother had 16. Yes, sir, it was quite a job picking out names for them. My oldest brother was named Theodore Columbus. Then came Flora Adelia, Mary

19 Elizabeth, Elnora Supronia, Martha Luchada, Rosalia Almeda, John William, Albert Odam, George Washington, Lewis Franklin—that’s myself, then James Riley, Alfred Edmund, Emily Cordelia, Annie Laurie, Charles Nathanell and Josiah Malcolm. My sister Flora Adelia was 2 days old when the Cascade massacre occurred. “Gold had been discovered in Eastern Washington in 1855. This district was known as the Colville diggings. Hundreds of white men prospecting in the country there had made the Indian restless. Things were booming at The Cascades on account of the heavy travel of prospectors and the shipment of freight into the mining district. Late in the fall of 1855 Daniel F. Bradford and his brother, Putnam, began building a tramway between the Upper and Lower Cascades. It was about five miles long. At about the same time—that is, in the fall of 1855—Major Rains built a blockhouse a mile below the Upper Cascade landing. “Early in March, 1856, some Klickitat Indians stole some cattle from Mrs. Joselyn, near the mouth of White Salmon. General Wool, who was in command of the department of the Pacific, had ordered Colonel George Wright to establish headquarters of his regiment at The Dalles. Colonel Wright was to march to Walla Walla to subdue the Yakima and other Indians. On March 20, Lieutenant Bissel was ordered to go with his soldiers from the Upper Cascades to The Dalles. Sergeant Kelly with nine men was left in charge of the blockhouse at Fort Rains to guard the government property. The Indians who lived at the Lower Cascades were friendly to the whites. When Colonel Wright started from Walla Walla, Kaimiakin, chief of the Yakimas, in conjunction wit the Klickitat Indians, forced the Columbia river Indians to attack the Cascades settlements. The very day that Colonel Wright started from The Dalles to Walla Walla the Indians attack the Upper, Lower and Middle Cascades. This was on March 26, 1856. My folks escaped carrying my sister, who was only 2 days old, with them.” ——— OREGONIAN, Portland Oregon, 20 June 1933, Impressions and Observations of the Journal Man, column by Fred Lockley: “ My name is Flora Adelia Foster, and I am the oldest living native daughter of Skamania county,” said Mrs. Foster when I interview her recently at her home at Stevenson, Wash. “My father’s name was Felix Grundy Iman . I was born here on March 25, 1856. My father was born in Monroe county, Illinois, and my mother in Tippecanoe county, Indiana. My grandmother died when my mother was a baby, and Mother was passed from one family to another, so she never knew much about her folks nor when she was born. My mother worked in Bush’s hotel here at the Cascades and was 16 years old when she married Father. I was their second child. “ My father, who was a ship carpenter, had built a hewed log house. The Cascade Indians were friendly to the whites. One of them told Father that the Yakima and Klickitat Indians were on the warpath and were going to kill the settlers at The Cascades. Father ran about 500 bullets, to be ready for them when the Indians came. My mother wasn’t taking much interest in the proceedings, for I had been born two days before. Early in the morning of Wednesday, March 26, just after most o fthe men had gone to work on the portage railway, the Yakimas began their attack. Two Indians came in front of our house. Father told Mr. Carter, who was with us, ‘You get one Indian and I’ll get the other.’ They picked their Indians, Mr. Carter fired, and the Indian he shor at ran about 50 yards and then fell. Father’s gun hung fire and his Indian zigazgged away, so Father didn’t get him. Father was afraid the Indians would come and throw firebrands on our roof and burn us out. Jim Thompson and Jim Hermann got our boat, crossed the slough, and dragged the boat across Poder island to where the steamer Mary lay. Simeon Gile followed them, got our boat, which the two men had borrowed, and brought it back. My folks started from our house to the boat. They carried Mother, but it hurt her to be carried; so they let her walk. My brother Theodore was a year and a half old. When they got to the boat they discovered that, by accident, they had overlooked bringing Theodore with them. My fathe’rs partner, Simeon Gile, ran back to the house and got Theodore. As thefolks rowed across the lsough they looked back at the house and saw the roof burst into flames. They dragged the boat across Powder island and crossed the river to the Oregon side in our rowboat. They camped in the timber on the south side of the Columbia.

20 “Next day my people and other settlers were taken aboard the steamer and taken to The Dalles. On the way to The Dalles my folks met Indian Jim. His Indian name was Tassalo. He was the Indian who had warned my people the Indians were goin on the warpath. He asked Father what the Indians were doing at The Cascades. Father told him they were killing the settlers and buring homes. Indian Jim said, I won’t go because I don’t want to get mixed up in it. “ The soldiers hung a lot of the Cascade Indians. The ones who were most guilty were the Yakimas and Klickitats, but the Cascade Indians, who lived there, were most esily got at. Amonth the Indians they captured was Indian Jim. My father and Henry Shepherd told the soldiers that Indian Jim had not been mixes up in the fight and had warned the settlers; but he was an Indian, so they hanged him anyway. They asked one of the Indians if he had taken part in the fight. He said, ‘No, I have no gun, but if I had had a gun I would have used it.’ So they hung him for his bad intentions. Old Chnoweth, the chief of the Cascade Indians, gave a warwhoop when the rope was being put around his neck. They brought a whiskey barrel for him to stand on, and then shoved it away and left him hanging. He asked the not to bury him in the ground, but to put hin in the an Indian dead-house. When the soldiers that the rope wansn’t going to do the work, they shot him. “A week later, when the trouble seemed to be over, we came back from The Dalles and Father built another house about where our first house had stood. The government paid Father $1300 for the hewed log house that the Indians had burned. This money was paid under what known as the Indian spoilation bill.” ——— SKAMANIA COUNTY PIONEER, Pioneer Woman Was 2 Days Old When Indians Raided, 17 December 1937: “ When I was just two days old, the Indian massacre of 1856 occurred here,” declared Mrs. Flora A. Nix, a pioneer of Skamania county who has always made it her home. Mrs. Nix declares she was born on the site of Stevenson before a town was ever thought of. During the massacre, which all pioneers have heard about but very few experienced, Mrs. Nix’s parents crossed the Columbia river in a small skiff, seeing their home set on the fire before they were across the stream. They lost all their belongings. Mrs. Nix declares the Indians killed 17 white people, among them being Mrs. Gile, who had attended her mother at her birth. Mrs. Gile’s daughter and son-in-law, a Mr. St. Clair, were also among the slain. She declared the red skins took a white boy and hung him to a tree and shot his body full of arrows. There was also a crippled man living near the rapids whose home was fired and he was compelled to remain in it while it burned to the ground. “ Old timers of Skamania County as I remember them are: John Andrews, a store keeper; Dan Baughman, steamboat captain; Mr. Shepperd, a farmer; Simeon Geil, a carpenter; Tom Monaghan, Ash Bradford, another storekeeper. All these were here before I was born and many, many years afterward,” she said. The oldest house, as far as I know, in Skamania County, is the house Bransteader now lives in.” “ I am now 81 years old, have seven children, all living, 20 grandchildren, 5 great grand-children and I hope to live to see many more.”

SKAMANIA COUNTY PIONEER, Friday October 29, 1926; newspaper published at Stevenson, Skamania Co. Washington, Bridge of the Gods Dedicated Last Saturday by Pioneer Brother and Sister, includes photo with caption “Theodore C. Iman and Mrs. Flora Iman Foster, Pioneers First to Cross from their Respective States”), “The dream has some true. The Bridge of the Gods is completed, and it gives one with the least bit of imagination a thrill to walk over the rushing waters of the Columbia from one state to the other. Especially after learning all the fascinating Indian legend about the Bridge of the Gods that spanned the stream in ages gone by and how it was wrecked by the wrath of the gods as punishment of the sins of the Red Men.

21 Last Saturday forenoon Superintendent A. B. McClain and his crew of workers installed the last piece of steel that tied the two ends of the span together and joined the states of Washington and Oregon and a number of people from either state walked across the opposite side "with dry mocassins" as the Red man formerly did. While the ceremony of completing the work was short it was impressive and displayed considerable sentiment inasmuch as it permitted two of the oldest settlers to be the principal participants. Mrs. Flora Adelia Foster, who was born at the historic settlement within sight of the place where the new bridge now is, and her brother, Theodore Columbus Iman, who was born at what is now Cascade Locks, Oregon, walked from their respective states and met mid-way of the bridge, grasped hands and congratulated each other and the men who are building the bridge. There the old pioneers had their pictures taken in the bright autumn sunshine on the broad new floor of the span that was only a dream a few months ago. A great deal of history has been made since these two old people first saw the light of day. Mrs. Foster was born as the little settlement March 24, 1856 and her brother, on the opposite shore in Oregon two years before, August 23, 1854. During the Indian uprising and the massacre that followed the mother of these two with the rest of the settlers were being taken across the river into Oregon when it was learned that in the excitment Theodore had been forgotten in the cabin and at the risk of his life a man named Geil ran back and rescued the sleeping child. Mrs. Foster was only two days old at the time of the massacre. I. Z. McLean, business superintendent says they expect to have the bridge open to traffic this coming Saturday. The bridge is virtually completed. The riveting, decking and other woodwork have kept pace with the steel work and by Saturday the big derrick will be taken down and the few remaining pieces of steel riveted in place. A toll keeper's office will be erected this week on the Oregon end of the bridge and a contract will be let for a five or six room cottage for the toll keeper's use. The toll will be 75c per car including driver and the rate for extra passengers has not been officailly announced but will probably be ten cents each. It will take several weeks to paint the bridge, complete all the odds and ends; remove the false work that is still up, tear down the derricks and perpare the machinery for shipment to other work. The bridge was constructed for the Wauna Bridge Company, a Portland corporation, by the Puget Sound Bridge and Dredging company of Seattle, at a cost of approximnately $650,000. The Wauna Bridge company is composed of Portland and Southwest Washington men and connected with the Benton, Franklin Bridge company that own and operate the toll bridge that spans the Columbia river at Kennewick-Pasco, a hundred and fifty miles up stream.”

22 Children of Felix Grundy and Margaret 2 (Windsor) Iman:

i. Theodore 8 Columbus Iman, “Theo,” b. 23 August 1854, at the Upper Cascades, Wasco Co. Oregon; d. 19 March 1927, at Stevenson, Skamania Co Washington., of influenza, aged 72. 25 He is buried in the Iman Cemetery, Stevenson, Washington. His gravestone reads, | THEODORE C. IMAN | 1854 FATHER 1927 |. Signature, above, from Skamania Co. Washington Court Case 101, T. C. Iman vs. Stevenson Lumber Company, November 1897. According to a family tradition, Theodore was the first white child born in Wasco Co. Oregon.26 Theodore had very large ears which the locals called “Iman Ears.” Jeff Moore of Stevenson, Washington said, “The Imans all had big ears and that got to be an expression, local people would say about someone with big ears, they got Iman Ears.” 27 Theodore was a carpenter and worked for many years at the Iman sawmill just west of Stevenson. About 1885 he bought the Iman mill from his father, Felix Grundy Iman, along with a herd of oxen used to move the logs. In the 1900 census of Skamania Co. Theo’s occupation was listed as mail carrier. He always lived at Stevenson, Skamania Co., Washington until about 1914 when, with his second wife Mary Anna (Kirchner), they moved to Raymond, Pacific Co. Washington. Theo’s sons by his first wife, Frank and Elmer, lived there. A few years later Theo and wife Mary moved to Lewis Co. Washington to work in lumber camps there. Sometime in the 1920’s wife Mary disappeared. She either died or they divorced, at any rate after 1920 nothing is known about her. Odd also that for some reason Theo’s obituary does not mention her even though they were married for more than twenty years. In his last years Theodore lived with his sister Mrs. Flora Foster at Stevenson. He died while living with her of influenza. At the time of his death he was 72 years old. SKAMANIA COUNTY PIONEER, Stevenson Washington, 18 April 1901, “It has been remarked that Theodore Iman has shaved off his whiskers.” SKAMANIA COUNTY PIONEER, 4 September, 1902, “Theodore Iman carried the mail again this week for Mr. Sellesat , the later and his two boys having gone out hop–picking.” SKAMANIA COUNTY PIONEER, 11 March 1927, “Theodore C. Iman is reported quite ill at the home of his sister Mrs. Foster . He has had a severe attack of the flu and the effects are still lingering.” SKAMANIA COUNTY PIONEER, 25 March 1927, obituary, Aged Pioneer Passes Saturday, “Theo C. Iman died at his home in Stevenson last Saturday after a lingering illness as the result of the flu contracted several weeks ago. Funeral services were held at the graveside Tuesday fore noon and interment made in the private cemetery on the Louis Iman ranch west of town. Rev. Lindsley of the Congregational Church officiating. A large number of friends from all parts of the Columbia River gorge paid their last respects to the aged pioneer at the grave as he had a wide acquaintance. Mr. Iman was born at what is now Cascade Locks, Ore., August 23, 1854, and has lived all his life in this locality. He was married in 1872 to Miss Emma Kyler and to this union were born four children: Mrs. Ida Johnson , deceased, J. Iman of Charleston, Wash., E. B. and F. C. Iman of Raymond. He is also survived by three sisters and five brothers, Mrs. Florence A. Foster , Mrs. M. L. McKinnon of Stevenson; Mrs. Rose Jones of Seetsop, Wash., J. W. Iman of Castle Rock; A. O. and C. N. Iman of Stevenson, and eight grandchildren.”

25 Death Certificate. 26 Wasco Co. Oregon was created in 1854. 27 Jeff Moore is a great great grandson of Felix Iman and Margaret (Windsor); great grandson of Ira Isaac Foster and Flora Adelia (Iman); grandson of Ruby Foster and Leo Moore Sr.; son of Leo Moore Jr. and ——.

23 SKAMANIA COUNTY PIONEER, 1 April 1927, Carson Valley News, In Memoriam, “By the death of the late Theodore Iman the Historical Society has lost its second Honorary member. He was the oldest among our Honorary members and his interest and enthusiasm in the movement was very great. We will greatly miss him at the regular meetings since he was a very regular attendant up to the time of his last sickness. To quote his own statement, the Historical Society “was his religion” and it gave him more pleasure and comfort than anything else. Altho he did not live to witness the dedication of Fort Rains,28 he did have the happiness of seeing the movement started with the assurance of its being carried through to completion. — The Society is greatly indebted to Mr. Iman in many ways, especially for much historic data which he secured. Perhaps many of the old timers are not as greatly appreciated today as they should be, until they have passed on. — Just as the pioneers deeply appreciate the Historical Society, so does that organization work to the end that we might keep fresh in our minds the sacrifices these forefathers have made that we might enjoy our great nation today in safety. The Society is therefore a constant reminder to us of this fact—‘lest we forget’ D. A. Brown. Historian.” Theodore Columbus Iman married: 1) Emma6 Kyler, “Ada,” (Joseph5, Joseph4, George3, Conrad2, Frederick 1), on 21 April 1878, in Skamania Co. Washington Territory; 29 the daughter of Joseph Kyler Jr. and Emma (Haymaker, Holmaker, Hommacher);30 b. 12 August 1864, in Sarpy Co. Nebraska; d. 11 July 1900, at Stevenson, Skamania Co. aged 35.31 She is buried in the Iman Cemetery, Stevenson, Washington. Her gravestone reads, | EMMA KYLER IMAN | 1865 — MOTHER — 1900 |. She was called “Ada” and was 13 or 14 years old when she married Theodore Iman who was 23.

1880 census Skamania Co. Washington, Stevenson, e.d. 40, p. 11, no. 64-69 (next door to Felix G. Iman): Theo C. Iman, age 25, carpenter, Oregon/ Illinois/ Indiana Emma, 15, wife, house keeping, Pennsylvania/ Pa./ Pa

28 Fort Rains: Defensive fort built October 1855 on the Middle Cascades, Skamania Co. Washington. Used for protection against the Indians. Reconstructed 1926-27 as a museum by the Skamania County Historical Society. 29 Marriage records Skamania Co. Washington. 30 Joseph 4 Kyler Jr. (1849-), son of Joseph 3 Kyler Sr. and Hannah (Hommacher) ; married Emma (Holmaker, Haymaker, Hommacher) in Sarpy Co. Nebraska. Joseph Jr. and family moved from Nebraska to Oregon. Joseph Kyler d. in Oregon. Joseph 3 Kyler Sr. (1809-1896), son of George 2 T. Kyler; b. in Clearfield Co. Pennsylvania; d. in Oregon; married 10 unknonw; 2) Hannah (Hommacher) (c1813–before 1898), c1834. Children of Joseph Kyler Sr. and Hannah (Hommacher) : i. Elizabeth (1834–), ii. Levi (1835–), iii. George (1838–), iv. Benjamin (1839–), v. Richard (1841–1896), vi. Sarah Jane (1843–1901), vii. James S. (1846–), viii. Joseph Jr. 4 (see above), ix. Mary (1854–), x. Charles (1856–), xi. John (1859–), xii. Emma (1863–) and xiii. Ida (1866–) Kyler. Joseph moved to Oregon to live with his sons, Joseph and James, his other children remained in Clearfield Co. George 2 T. Kyler (1785-1853), son of Conrad 1 Kyler; lived Clearfield Co. Pennsylvania; married Christina (Shimmel) (1789-1858). Children of George Kyler and Christina (Shimmel): i. Joseph 3 (above), ii. Henry (1810–), iii. Abraham (1812–), iv. Catherine (1818–1883), v. John (1828–) and vi. George S. (1830–) Kyler. Conrad 1 Kyler (1740-1816), immigrant, with his wife Catherine (——) (1755-1826) came from the Rhine Provinces in GERMANY before 1770 to Cumberland Co. Pennsylvania . About 1782 the family moved from Cumberland Co. to Lancaster Co. Pennsylvania , but in 1783 returned to Cumberland Co. By 1791 they were in Franklin Co. Pennsylvania , and before 1801 in Bellafonte, Centre Co. Pennsylvania. Conrad was a very fine weaver and was said to have built the fourth house in Bellefonte. The Kylers left Bellefonte in 1803 and moved to Clearfield Co. Pennsylvania settling north of Philipsburg in an area now known as Troy Hill. Children of Conrad Kyler and Catherine (——): i. Henry2 (c1773–), ii. Elizabeth (1778–1857), iii. Leonard (1781–1861), iv. John J. (1782–1848), v. Conrad (1783–1816), vi. George 2 T. (above), vii. Catherine (1789–), viii. twin Abraham (1791–1873) and ix. twin Jacob (1791–1873) Kyler. See Kyler Family Website: >http://www.mhv.net/treetop/bloom/i0003207.htm#i3207< and site owner [email protected] (from October 1999, not online April 2003). 31 Birth date and place, death date and place from obituary notice.

24 1885 state census Skamania Co. Washington, p. 7: Theodore Imans, 30, carpenter, Washington Terr. Emma, 20, Nebraska J., 5, Washington Terr. Ida, 3, Washington Terr.

1900 census Skamania Co. Washington, Stevenson, e.d. 206, sheet 11A, p. 233, no. 218-225: Theodore P. Iman, head, born Aug. 1854, age 45, married 22 yrs, Oregon/ Illinois/ Indiana, mail carrier, can read/write, owns farm Emma, wife, Aug. 1864, 35, Nebraska/ Penn/ Penn, can read/write Jeremiah, son, Aug. 1879, 20, Washington/ Oregon/ Nebraska, can read/write Ida M. , daughter, May 1882, 18, Washington/ Oregon/ Nebraska, can read/write Elmer B., son, Jan. 1897, 3, Washington/ Oregon/ Nebraska Francis E., son, Nov. 1899, 9 months, Washington/ Oregon/ Nebraska

SKAMANIA COUNTY PIONEER, 12 July 1900, Local Mention, “As we go to press, we received word that Mrs. Theodroe Iman died at 7:20 this morning.” SKAMANIA COUNTY PIONEER, Stevenson Washington, 19 July 1900, obituary, Death of Mrs. T. C. Iman, “Mrs. Theodore Iman died at her home near Stevenson at 7:20 o’clock Thursday morning of heart disease. Emma Kyler was born in Syrapee county, Nebraska, on August 12th, 1864, and was married to Theodore Iman on the 21st day of April 1878. The deceased leaves four children, a husband, two sisters, two brothers and a mother, besides many relatives and friends, to mourn her demise. Mrs. Iman was known for her spotless character and affectionate disposition and through the death of her the family loses a kind and loving mother and wife and the community a model neighbor and friend. The deceased was loved by all who knew her and the community joins in hearty sympathy with the family and relatives in their sad bereavement. The deceased was buried Friday afternoon in the family’s cemetery about one mile and a half northwest of this place. The remains was followed by a large concourse of relatives and friends, who went to show their last respects to the departed.” SKAMANIA COUNTY PIONEER, 6 September 1900, “Theodore Iman returned from Oregon City where he has been visiting for a few days.” Children of Theodore Columbus Iman and Emma (Kyler): i. Jeremiah4 “Jerry” (1880-1967), ii. Ida M. (1882-1923), iii. Elmer B. (1897-1975) and iv. Francis E. “Frank” (1899-1990) Iman.32 Theodore Columbus Iman married:

32 Notes on children of Theodore Columbus Iman and Emma (Kyler): i. Jeremiah Iman, “Jerry”, (1880-1967) married Verena Evelyn (Card) (1884-1969), on 4 December 1906, in Clark Co. Washington, daughter of Stephen Card and Evelyn P. (Cowles). Jerry d. Seattle, King Co. Washington. Verena b. North Dakota; d. Los Angeles Co. California. Verena buried Little Lake Cemetery, Santa Fe Springs, Los Angeles Co. California. Children of Jerry Iman and Verena (Card): i. Rosalie (1909-1983), married Wesley Decker and lived Seattle; ii. Raymond Stephen (1911-1968), d. Island Co. Washington , married Carlotta Ester (Cook) (1911-1979); iii. Jerry Grant (1913-1995) married Dorothea Grace (Davis) (1919-1980), lived Orange Co. and Riverside Co. California; and iv. Jean Juanita Iman (1915-1941), d. Pacific Co. Washington. ii. Ida M. Iman (1882-1923) married Wilbur Johnson (1878-), on 8 July 1901, in Skamania Co. Washington. In 1913 lived Pacific Co. Washington. In 1920 census lived Hoaquiam, Gray’s Harbor Co. Washington. Ida d. at Elma, Gray’s Harbor Co. Washington. Children: i. Robert (c1904-), ii. Johnson (1913-) and iii. Vella (c1914-) Johnson. iii. Elmer B. Iman (1897-1985) married Jessie —— (1895-1978). Elmer d. Raymond, Pacific Co. Washington. iv. Francis E. Iman, “Frank”, (1899-1990) married Pearl (——) (c1901-1975). Frank Iman d. Aberdeen, Pacific Co. Washington, wife Pearl Iman d. Raymond, Pacific Co. Washington. Children of Frank Iman and Pearl (——): i. Dorothy (c1922-) and ii. Dicie (1926-), and others.

25 2) Mrs. Mary2 Anna (Kirchner) Roeser (or Rosier), “Marie,” (Melchior 1, KasparA, JohannB…), on 9 September 1901, at Stevenson, Skamania Co. Washington;33 the daughter of Melcher/ Melchior Kirchner and Teresa (Sepres);34 b. April 1856, in CANADA or in Stearns Co. Minnesota (Note: Various census give her birthplace as CANADA, Illinois and Minnesota); d. after 1920 and before 1930, possibly in Lewis Co. Washington where the Iman’s lived at the time, (Note: It is not known where Mary Anna (Kirchner) Roeser Iman died. She was last recorded in the 1920 census of Lewis Co. Washington living with her second husband Theodore Iman. She is not listed in any census of 1930, nor is she known to have moved into the homes of any of her children by her first husband Michael Rosier. She is also not buried in the Iman Cemetery. It is probable she died while living with Theodore Iman, possibly in an isolated logging camp where Theodore was working at the time, and her death never recorded. It is also possible the marriage of Theodore and Mary Anna ended in separation or divorce. She is not mentioned in his obituary although so far no divorce record has been found.) SKAMANIA COUNTY PIONEER, 12 September 1901, “Married— at the residence of the groom in Stevenson, Wash., on Monday September 9, 1901, by John H. Ginder, J. P. Mr. Theodore C. Iman of Stevenson, and Mrs. Mary Ann Kirchner, of Columbia County, Oregon. Many friends join with the PIONEER in wishing them a long, happy and prosperous married life; may their joys be many and their troubles little ones.” Mary was a widow with eleven children at the time of her marriage to Theodore Iman. On the marriage certificate she is listed by her maiden name Mary Anna Kirchner and not by her married name Mrs. Mary Roeser (or Rosier). The certificate also states that at the time of the marriage to Theodore she was a resident of Apiary, Columbia Co. Oregon . SKAMANIA COUNTY PIONEER, Stevenson Washington, 26 September 1901, “T. C. Iman family departed for Columbia City, Oregon , visiting

33 Marriage records Skamania Co. Washington. 34 1850 census Calhoun Co. Illinois, Illinois precinct, p. 304A, no. 26-26: KIRCHNER, Melcher , 35, farmer, real estate $500, GERMANY; Theresa, 22, GERMANY; Josephine, 5 mos., Ill.; WHIPPLE, R., 10, Ill; WHIPPLE, Michael, 35, GERMANY; WHIPPLE, Charles, 11, Ill. 1860 census Stearns Co. Minnesota, p. 917, sheet 75, no. 823-671: KREICHNER, Michael, 50, real estate $400, personal estate $200, BAVARIA; Theresa, 33, BAVARIA; Josephine, 11, Missouri; Lana, 9, Missouri; John, 7, Missouri; Mary, 4, Missouri; Kasper, 1, Missouri. A Melchior Kirchner took out a land patent in St. Cloud Co. Minnesota on 1 June 1867. 1870 census Marion Co. Oregon, no. 1059-937: NEBLER, Michael, 42, farmer, real estate $1500, personal estate $750, BAVARIA; Theresa, 32, keeps house, BAVARIA; Margaret, 11, at school, Minn.; Alphonzo, 10, Minn.; Theresa, 9, Minn.; Agnes, 8, Minn.; Theodore, 6, Minn.; Franklin, 5, Minn., May, 1, Ore. (Michale Nibler was b. in Bavaria, lived in Stearns Co. Minnesota, from there he moved, with three of his brothers, to Marion Co. Oregon. Michael Nebler later moved to Walla Walla Co. Washington where he died. This is exactly the same travel pattern as the Kirchners, perhaps the Niblers were relatives or friends of the Kirchners.) 1880 Census, Walla Walla Co. Washington, p. 266A: KIRCHNER, M., 62, farmer, b. GERMANY; Theresa Kirchner, wife, 53, b. GERMANY; Casper Kirchner, son, 20, b. Minnesota; Theresa Kirchner, daughter, 16, b. Minnesota; Joseph Kirchner, son, 15, b. Minnesota. After the death of Melchior Kirchner in 1891 (see biography of John Hoffman, below), his wife Theresa may have married John Albrecht, about 1896. John and Theresa Albrecht are listed in the 1900 census Whitman Co. Washington, Uniontown twp. From AN ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF WALLA WALLA COUNTY WASHINGTON, by W. H. Leven, published 1901, excerpt from biography of John Hoffmann (1852-1937) and Theresa (Kirchner) (1862-1940), “…On April 25, 1881, Mr. Hoffmann was united in marriage to Miss Theresa Kirchner, a native of Minnesota, who came to Washington with her parents when she was a child of but four years. Her father, Melchior Kirchner, died in Florida, to which state he had gone for his health, in 1891, and her mother now lives at Uniontown, Washington.” ( Note: Uniontown is in Whitman Co. Washington. IGI for Minnesota lists Theresa Kirchner Hoffman as b. 25 July 1862, at Jacob’s Prairie, Stearns Co. Minnesota.) IGI — GERMANY: Melchior Kaspar Kirchner, b. 20 November 1815, in Premich, Unterfranken, Bayern (Bavaria), GERMANY, son of Kaspar Kirchner (1777-1829) and Josepha (Voll). IGI — GERMANY: Kaspar Kirchner, son of Johann Kirchner and Eva (Grom); b. 25 June 1777, in Premich, Unterfranken, Bayern (Bavaria), GERMANY; d. 16 June 1829, at Premich, Unterfranken, Bayern (Bavaria), GERMANY. Married Josepha (Voll), on 24 February 1800, at Premich, Unterfranken, Bayern (Bavaria), GERMANY, daughter of Karl Voll and Barbara (Schlereth)). Josepha b. 1779 at Premich, Unterfranken, Bayern (Bavaria), GERMANY.

26 friends and business matters.” (Note: Mary’s children by her first husband Michael Roeser lived near Columbia City.)

1910 census: Theodore Iman not found.

1914-1915 Directory Pacific Co. Washington Iman, Theodore C. (Marie) lab, h 315 6th, Raymond, Wash. Iman, Elmer B., lab. C. Lumber Co. r. 315 6th, Raymond, Wash. Iman, Frank, employ. Weston Veneer & B Co.

1920 census Lewis Co. Washington, Emery twp., e.d. 139, sheet 5, Military Road, no. 16-16: Theodore C. Iman, owns house mortgaged, 66, married, can read/write, Oregon/ UNITED STATES/ Missouri, lumber piler - sawmill Marie, wife, 62, immigrated to America 1860, naturalization 1865, can read/write, Canada (English)/ Can. (English)/ Can. (English)

Theodore Columbus Iman and Mary Anna (Kirchner) had no children. Mary Anna Kirchner married 1) Michael Roeser (or Rosier), “Mike”, (Peter…), on 22 November 1874, in Marion Co. Oregon, the son of Peter Roeser;35 b. c1842, in LUXEMBOURG; d. c1898, at Apiary, Columbia Co. Oregon. Michael Roeser was a Catholic, one of his sisters, Susan Roeser , became a nun of the Benedictine Order in the state of Minnesota where the Roeser family had lived before moving to Oregon. In the 1860 census the Roesers, like the Kirchners, also lived in Stearns Co. Minnesota. They most likely knew each other. About 1866 there seems to have been a migration of the Roesers, the Kirchners and another extended family, possibly relations, the Neblers, from Stearns Co. Minnesota to Marion Co. Oregon (See footnote Error: Reference source not found.).36

Mary Anna Kirchner was Michael Roeser’s second wife. His first wife had been Mary Anna’s sister Margaret Kirchner. Michael Roeser married 1) Margaret Kirchner, on 11 January 1870, in Marion Co. Oregon, daughter of Melchior Kirchner. Margaret d. before 1874, probably in Marion Co. Oregon . Children of Michael Roeser and 1) Margaret (Kirchner): i. Pius Peter (1870- 1941) and ii. Peter (1872-) Roeser.37 (Note: Pius and Peter were raised by Michael and second wife Mary Anna, thus Mary Anna was both aunt and stepmother to the children.)

1880 census Columbia Co. Oregon, Oak Point precinct, e.d. 26, p. 393C, no. 88-91: ROESER, Michael, 38, shingle maker, LUXEMBOURG/ LUXEMBOURG/ LUXEMBOURG

35 Peter Roeser, b. c1805, in LUXEMBOURG; d. 13 August 1874, in Marion Co. Oregon. Married Susan (——). Children: i. Peter (c1826-), ii. Odila (1834-) married Mr. Kraus, lived Pennsylvania; iii. Peter Jr. (c1839-), iv. Michael (c1842-), v. Susan (1846-) and vi. Margaret (1849-) Roeser. 1860 census Stearns Co. Minnesota, Post Office St. Cloud, p. 947, no. 1127-928: Roeser, Peter, 55, farmer, real estate $500, personal estate $200, HOLLAND; Sun, 49, HOLLAND; Peter, 24, farm laborer, real estate $500, personal estate $200, HOLLAND; Michael, 22, HOLLAND; Susan, 17, HOLLAND; Margaret, 12, HOLLAND; Odavern, 3, female, Minnesota. 36 A George Roeser [1855-1938) of Oaukee Co. Wisconsin, also moved to Marion Co. Oregon about 1895. This George Roeser was the son of Michael Roeser (1816-1881) and Marie (Weber) (d. 1900). Michael and Marie married about 1855, in Wisconsin. Michael b. in LUXEMBOURGH; d. Wisconsin. Marie was b. in LUXEMBOURGH; d. Wisconsin. Michael Roeser was the son of Peter Roeser [c1780-). Peter b. and d. LUXEMBOURGH. Wife is unknown. Perhaps this line of Roesers are also relatives, since the above George Roeser wound up in Marion Co. Oregon. See website http://www.mppoland.com/roesfam.html . 37 Notes on children of Michael Roeser and Margaret (Kirchner): i. Pius Peter Roser d. 7 February 1941, San Francisco, California . Death certificate gives mother’s maiden name as “Kuckner.” 1920 census San Francisco lists him as a sailor, single. ii. Peter Roeser (1872-). He served in World War I, from Alaska. Appears in 1930 census of Alaska, Fourth Judicial District, Bethel.

27 Mary, 35, wife, keeping house, Minnesota/ GERMANY/ GERMANY Pius, son, 10, Oregon/ LUXEMBOURG/ Minnesota Peter, son, 8, Oregon/ LUXEMBOURG/ Minnesota Paul, son, 5, Oregon/ LUXEMBOURG/ Minnesota John, son, 3, Oregon/ LUXEMBOURG/ Minnesota Jacob, son, 1, Oregon/ LUXEMBOURG/ Minnesota TAYLOR, Benjamin, 28, boarder, shingle maker, Ohio/ —/ — TAPES (TAPER?), John, 50, boarder, shingle maker, Indiana/ —/ —

Michael “Rosier” was naturalized as an American citizen on 1 July 1889, in Columbia Co. Oregon. (Columbia Co. Oregon, Court Book B, p. 91.) The Roeser’s were early settlers in the town of Apiary, Columbia Co. Oregon. They lived on the slopes of Mount Rainier on Beaver Springs Road where “Mike” Roeser owned a sawmill. He specialized in making roof shingles. At the present time, Apiary, Oregon is a ghost town. THE REVIEW, newspaper published Rainier, Columbia Co. Oregon , 8 February 1895, article History of Ranier, “List of businesses… Michael Rosier’s Mills— These mills are located just back of Rainier about four miles, and are usually kept running. They consist of a sawmill of about 10,000 daily capacity. A good quality of both lumber and shingles are turned out and ready sale is usually made of his product. He usually supplies the Rainier market with lumber.” From HISTORY OF APIARY, OREGON, “The roads of Apiary… were all very poor excuses for roads, wide enough only for one wagon… The Beaver Valley road (now relocated to the Nice creek canyon) was “corduroyed” (split timber 8-9 feet long laid across the road) most of the way. It was a steep road and had been laid over the ridge regardless of grade. Owing to heavy traffic, there were in several places deep ruts, and in many places the corduroy had worn entirely through. Also in the flats (a word used then but now known as flood plains) during the winter the corduroy usually floated … The Beaver Valley road branched above the Kittering place (the present Townsend place). One branch of the Beaver Valley road gave access to the different valleys on the Upper Beaver, the other branch gave access to the Lower Beaver, Lost Creek, and Clatskanie (then often called Bryantville)…. The first branch, the present Beaver Springs road (since considerably relocated), went up the east of Beaver creek and ended a short distance from the Barrick place (in 1996 near the intersection of Walker Road and Beaver Springs road). The early settlers of the Beaver Springs road area were: Bob Baily, Clemens Mescher and Mike Rosier .” 38

1900 census Columbia Co. Oregon, Apiary precinct, e.d. 5, p. 190, sheet 10A, no. 156-156: Mary A. Rosier, head, Apr 1856, 44, widow, md. 26 yrs, 11 children 11 living, Illinois/ GERMANY/ GERMANY, can read/ write, farmer, owns farm free of mortgage Paul, son, Sept 1875, 24, single, Oregon/ GERMANY/ Illinois, can read/ write, farm labor John S., son, Mar 1877, 21, single, Oregon/ GERMANY/ Illinois, can read/ write, farm labor Jacob, son, Mar 1879, single, Oregon/ GERMANY/ Illinois, can read/ write, farm labor Andy, son, Feb 1881, single, 19, Oregon/ GERMANY/ Illinois, can read/ write, farm labor Mike, son, Feb 1881, single, 19, Oregon/ GERMANY/ Illinois, can read/ write, day labor Joseph, son, Sept 1884, 15, Oregon/ GERMANY/ Illinois, can read/ write, logger Bathilam, son, Jan 1886, 14, Oregon/ GERMANY/ Illinois, can read/ write, at school Clomas, son, Apr 1888, 12, Oregon/ GERMANY/ Illinois, can read/ write, at school (Note: reads Clomas but is actually Thomas)

38 http://www.twrps.com/ccor/apiary.html

28 Matthew, son, Sept 1892, 7, Oregon/ GERMANY/ Illinois, can read/ write at school Carl, son, Aug 1894, 5, Oregon/ GERMANY/ Illinois, Lina, daughter, Feb 1896, 4, Oregon/ GERMANY/ Illinois

Children of Michael Roeser and Mary Anna (Kirchner): iii. Paul (1875-), iv. John (1877-1960), v. Jacob “Jack” (1879-1917), vi. twin Andy (1881-living 1930), vii. twin Michael “Mike” “Mick” (1881-1960), viii. Joseph (1884- 1938),39 served in World War I; ix. Bathilam “ Bart” (1885-1951), served in World War I; 40 x. Thomas (1888-1971), served in World War I; xi. Matthew (1892-), xii. Carl (1894-1920’s) 41 and xiii. Lina (1896-) Roeser. 42

ii. Flora8 Adelia Iman, “Flo,” b. 24 March 1856, at the Upper Cascades, Skamania Co. Washington; d. 28 March 1949, at Stevenson, Skamania Co. Washington, aged 93. 43 She is buried in the I.O.O.F. Cemetery, Stevenson, Washington. Her tombstone reads, | FLORA A. NIX | 1856 – 1949 | MOTHER |. Signature from marriage license to Jeff Nix, 1933. At time of signature Flora was aged 77. OREGONIAN, Portland Oregon, 20 June 1933, Impressions and Observations of the Journal Man, column by Fred Lockley, “My name is Flora Adelia Foster, and I am the oldest living native daughter of Skamania county,” said Mrs. Foster when I interview her recently at her home at Stevenson, Wash. “My father’s name was Felix Grundy Iman . I was born here on March 25 , 1856. My father was born in Monroe county, Illinois , and my mother in Tippecanoe county, Indiana. My grandmother died when my mother was a baby, and Mother was passed from one family to another, so she never knew much about her folks nor when she was born. My mother worked in Bush’s hotel here at the Cascades and was 16 years old when she married Father. I was their second child. — My father, who was a ship carpenter, had built a hewed log house. The Cascade Indians were friendly to the whites. One of them told Father that the Yakima and Klickitat Indians were on the warpath and were going to kill the settlers at The Cascades. Father ran about 500 bullets, to be ready for them when the Indians came. My mother wasn’t taking much interest in the proceedings, for I had been born two days before. Early in the morning of Wednesday, March 26, just after most o fthe men had gone to work on the portage railway, the Yakimas began their attack. Two Indians came in front of our house. Father told Mr. Carter, who was with us, ‘You get one Indian and I’ll get the other.’ They picked their Indians, Mr. Carter fired, and the Indian he shot at ran about 50 yards and then fell. Father’s gun hung fire and his Indian zigazgged away, so Father didn’t get him. Father was afraid the Indians would come and throw

39 World War I draft record for Joseph Roser of Rainier, Columbia Co. Oregon gives his birth as 7 September 1883. 40 World War I draft record of Bart Roeser lists his home address as Vance Clark Co. Washington, although draft record was filed in Columbia Co. Washington. Draft record also mentions nearest relative as “Marie Roeser, Cardoe Hotel, Portland.” 41 Carl Roeser is buried in the Iman Cemetery, Stevenson, Washington. 42 Notes on children of Michael Roeser and Mary Anna (Kirchner): vi. Andy Roeser, 1930 census Clallam Co. Oregon, Port Angeles, e.d. 27, p. 176A, living with brother Mike “Mick” Roeser. vii. Mike “Mick” Roeser, d. 31 December 1960, at Edmonds, Snohomish Co. Washington, aged 79. See also 1930 census Clallam Co. Oregon , Port Angeles, e.d. 27, p. 176A, living with brother Andy Roeser. viii. Marriage records, Clark Co. Washington: Joseph Roeser to Ella Lacey, 28 April 1909. ix. Bathilam “Bart” Roeser, d. 8 March 1951, at Shelton, Mason Co. Washington, aged 66. x. Thomas Roeser, b. 9 April 1888; d. June 1971, at Corvalis, Oregon. See also 1930 census Benton Co. Oregon, Corvallis City, e.d. 2-14, p. 79A. 43 Death Certificate.

29 firebrands on our roof and burn us out. Jim Thompson and Jim Hermann got our boat, crossed the slough, and dragged the boat across Poder island to where the steamer Mary lay. Simeon Gile followed them, got our boat, which the two men had borrowed, and brought it back. My folks started from our house to the boat. They carried Mother, but it hurt her to be carried; so they let her walk. My brother Theodore was a year and a half old. When they got to the boat they discovered that, by accident, they had overlooked bringing Theodore with them. My fathe’rs partner, Simeon Gile , ran back to the house and got Theodore. As thefolks rowed across the lsough they looked back at the house and saw the roof burst into flames. They dragged the boat across Powder island and crossed the river to the Oregon side in our rowboat. They camped in the timber on the south side of the Columbia. — Next day my people and other settlers were taken aboard the steamer and taken to The Dalles. On the way to The Dalles my folks met Indian Jim. His Indian name was Tassalo. He was the Indian who had warned my people the Indians were going on the warpath. He asked Father what the Indians were doing at The Cascades. Father told him they were killing the settlers and buring homes. Indian Jim said, I won’t go because I don’t want to get mixed up in it. — The soldiers hung a lot of the Cascade Indians. The ones who were most guilty were the Yakimas and Klickitats, but the Cascade Indians, who lived there, were most esily got at. Among the Indians they captured was Indian Jim. My father and Henry Shepherd told the soldiers that Indian Jim had not been mixes up in the fight and had warned the settlers; but he was an Indian, so they hanged him anyway. They asked one of the Indians if he had taken part in the fight. He said, ‘No, I have no gun, but if I had had a gun I would have used it.’ So they hung him for his bad intentions. Old Chenoweth , the chief of the Cascade Indians, gave a warwhoop when the rope was being put around his neck. They brought a whiskey barrel for him to stand on, and then shoved it away and left him hanging. He asked them not to bury him in the ground, but to put him in the Indian dead-house. When the soldiers saw that the rope wansn’t going to do the work, they shot him. — A week later, when the trouble seemed to be over, we came back from The Dalles and Father built another house about where our first house had stood. The government paid Father $1300 for the hewed log house that the Indians had burned. This money was paid under what known as the Indian spoilation bill.” Interview with Flora Foster in the OREGONIAN, Portland Oregon, “Impressions and Observations of the Journal Man,” by Fred Lockley, 20 June 1933 and 21 June 1933, “I am the oldest living native daughter of Skamania County. I was married when I was seventeen years old to Charles Morgan. He was born in Norway. He was an old time sailor and a veteran of the Civil War. We were married by a Justice of the Peace. After ten years of marriage my husband and I agreed to disagree, and I married Ira Foster of Iowa. My former husband also married again. My second husband and I had seven children. Five of our girls are married. One son works for the railroad. The other lives at Taft, Oregon.” SKAMANIA COUNTY PIONEER, Stevenson Washington, 17 December 1937, Pioneer Woman Was 2 Days Old When Indians Raided , “When I was just two days old, the Indian massacre of 1856 occurred here,” declared Mrs. Flora A. Nix, a pioneer of Skamania county who has always made it her home. — Mrs. Nix declares she was born on the site of Stevenson before a town was ever thought of. During the massacre, which all pioneers have heard about but very few experienced, Mrs. Nix’s parents crossed the Columbia river in a small skiff, seeing their home set on the fire before they were across the stream. They lost all their belongings. — Mrs. Nix declares the Indians killed 17 white people, among them being Mrs. Gile , who had attended her mother at her birth. Mrs. Gile’s daughter and son-in-law, a Mr. St. Clair, were also among the slain. — She declared the red skins took a white boy and hung him to a tree and shot his body full of arrows. There was also a crippled man living near the rapids whose home was fired and he was compelled to remain in it while it burned to the ground. — ‘Old timers of

30 Skamania County as I remember them are: John Andrews , a store keeper; Dan Baughman, steamboat captain; Mr. Shepperd, a farmer; Simeon Geil, a carpenter; Tom Monaghan, Ash Bradford, another storekeeper. All these were here before I was born and many, many years afterward,’ she said. — ‘The oldest house, as far as I know, in Skamania County, is the house Bransteader now lives in.’ — ‘I am now 81 years old, have seven children, all living, 20 grandchildren, 5 great grand-children and I hope to live to see many more.’” According to a family tradition, Flora was the first white child born in Skamania Co. Washington. 44 She was a housewife and is especially remembered by her grandchildren for her homemade noodles and her chicken and dumplings, the dumplings which she always made in a diamond shape. It is also said that Flora’s home constantly smelled of bacon because she always kept a big roasting pan of bacon grease in her oven. Rather than fry eggs on top of the stove she would crack eggs into this pan of grease and bake them in the oven. Some relatives recall the eggs were quite tasty. Flora also loved to garden and grew lots of flowers, especially hollyhocks. From her garden she would often give bouquets of flowers to others as gifts. Flora also played piano and was said to be quite good. In her later years she taught piano lessons. Granddaughter Ruby (Moore) recalls a story told to her by Flora, “Around the year 1880 Flora was stabbed in the chest by an Indian. The Indian had wanted a bottle of lemon extract. He had told Flora that his wife needed the extract to make a lemon pie. So Flora gave him a bottle. Later he came back for more and told her his wife had decided to make more lemon pies. Later Flora saw him drinking the extract. The extract contained 60% alcohol. It was illegal to give or sell alcohol to Indians, so when the Indian returned again for another bottle, Flora refused to give it to him. In anger the Indian stabbed her in the chest. She recovered from the wound although it did leave a scar.” Flora always lived at Stevenson, Skamania Co. but between 1887 and 1891 she with her second husband Ike Foster lived in Lewis and Pierce Cos. Washington working in the logging industry. Flora and her second husband Ike Foster lived together for many years before they were legally married. In 1922, during her later years, Flora opened a restaurant at Stevenson, Skamania Co. called the “American Restaurant.” A year or so later the restaurant was taken over by Flora’s son, Ira Foster and his wife Truvillah known as “Trudy”, who then ran it for several years. (See photograph of American Restaurant with Iman family, p. —) SKAMANIA COUNTY PIONEER, 10 March 1922, “Mrs. I. I. Foster has purchased the restaurant on Russell street conducted the winter by Mike Lisignoli. Mrs. Foster will be assisted in the business by her daughter, Florence Foster.” A cousin, Florence Barringer, recalled Flora’s house at Stevenson and how it looked in the 1930’s, 45 “We lived at Stevenson during the 1930’s. My father looking for work had moved us out from Kansas to Washington. It was the depression then and one took work wherever and whenever one could find it. Anyway, I recall Aunt Flo very well during our time at Stevenson. Aunt Flo lived a block from the Columbia River and had a little house which

44 Flora Adelia Iman was the first white child born in Skamania Co. Washington that is after Skamania Co. was created in 1854. Another pioneer in Skamania Co., Sully Williams , had been born in 1853 in Clark Co. Washington in the area which later became Skamania Co. (See biography of Cassius Marcellus “Sully” Williams, p.114.) 45 Mrs. Florence (Whitson) Barringer was a daughter of Jason Whitson and a granddaughter of Samuel Whitson and Elizabeth (Donaldson). Elizabeth (Donaldson) was a daughter of Lucinda Marth Jane (Windsor) Donaldson) (1834-1917) who was a sister of Margaret (Windsor ) Iman. During the depression of the 1930’s Jason Whitson took his family to Washington looking for work. He knew of the Iman relatives at Stevenson, Washingotn, so went there with his family. The Whitsons settled at Stevenson for a few years while Jason worked on various construction projects.

31 seemed to me to be not so much a house but a run-down cabin. The house had only two rooms: a kitchen and combined living room/bedroom. In 1933 Flora married her third husband, Jefferson Davis Nix , and she moved from this little house into his house and lived there with him. Not too long before the wedding Uncle Jeff Nix had built a new wood frame house just a little north of Stevenson. The new house had four rooms including a big front living room and a modern kitchen with a gas stove. Up until then Flora had lived with and cooked on a wood burning stove. Aunt Flo lived in the Nix house until after Uncle Jeff died, and after his death I think she moved back into Stevenson and lived with a daughter.” (Note: Flora’s first house, with the wood burning stove, is said to have burned down about 1937. Currently [2003] a vacant lot exists at the site of Flora’s first home.) SKAMANIA COUNTY PIONEER, 29 March 1940, Mrs. Jeff Nix Observes 84th Birthday, “Surrounded by five huge cakes, the 84th birthday of Mrs. Jeff Nix, the oldest of Skamania County Pioneers, was observed Easter Sunday at her home a short distance north of Stevenson. It was the 1st time, according to Mrs. Nix, that her birthday had occurred on Easter, and twenty- nine of her friends and relatives gathered to make it one of the happiest occasions of her life. All of the cakes she received were of exceptional size and were decorated for the occasion. At the birthday dinner which was one of the features of the occasion, five tables were required to accommodate those present. — They included: Mr. and Mrs. Jeff Nix ; a brother Lewis Iman and wife, Mae, of Stevenson; a son, Fenner Foster and wife Drusilla and two children and father-in-law Mr. Wiley , all of Stanfield, Oregon; a brother-in-law George Nix; a daughter Pearl Slack and husband William of Aberdeen, granddaughter Maud Poivonen and Patsy, of Grayland, Wash; a daughter Ruby Moore, of Portland and daughters Ruby, Ruth and Louise; a daughter Betty Lyons, of Portland; grandson Walter Bevans, of Carson and Wade Bevans and wife Lucille, of Stevenson; great granddaughter, Barbara Bevans; Wilfred David and wife Jenny.” SKAMANIA COUNTY PIONEER, 2 April 1943, Personal News—Birthday Party, “On March 24th Mrs. Flora A. Nix celebrated her 87th birthday with many of her friends and relatives attending the party. Those present were: Mrs. Martha Bevans, May Iman, Lou Iman, Jeff Nix, Albert Iman, Mrs. Pearl Slock, and daughter, Mrs. Maude Toivonen, Mrs. Leona Joice, Mrs. and Mrs. Ira Foster, Mrs. Wade Bevans and daughter Barbara, and Wadeen Gay, Ruth Moore, Louise Moore, Mrs. Ruby Myers, Mrs. Calvin Moore, and daughters Mary Ellen and Joanne, Lyda Douglass and Dwane, Nettie Bushy, Marie Loghry and Mr. and Mrs. W. F. Sweeney.” SKAMANIA COUNTY PIONEER, 22 March 1946, Oldest Stevenson Resident will be 90 Next Sunday, “One of Skamania County’s oldest natives will celebrate her 90th birthday Sunday. For several months she has not been able to maker her usual excursions up town, but she keeps her morale and chats in a lively manner with her visitors, as she did with Mrs. Mary V. Lane, of Underwood, a friend of more than half a century, who came to Stevenson to offer congratulations. 46 Mrs. Flora Iman Nix was born four

46 Mary V. Lane was the daughter of Amos Underwood and Ellen (Chenoweth). Ellen (Chenoweth) was the daughter of Chief Chenoweth of the Cascade/Chinook tribe of Indians. Ellen’s Indian name was Tsawatha Chenoweth. Some notes on Ellen (Chenoweth): She married 1) William King Lear , in 1856 at Hood River, Oregon. Not long afterward Lear deserted Ellen at Fort Cascades , and she then married 2) Amos Underwood in April 1857. Amos was a Skamania Co. pioneer and the founder of the town of Underwood, Skamania Co. Washington. SKAMANIA COUNTY PIONEER, Stevenson Washington, 31 May 1946, Historian Glad Mrs. Lane Saved Indian Necklace, “When the intrepid explorers Lewis & Clark made their voyage through the Washington country they brought with them some especially coined silver medals which they sparingly bestowed upon Indian chieftains who assisted them in their multifarious difficulties. Two of these medals were given to the (grand) father of Mary V. Lane, of Underwood, a Chief of the Cascades tribe. The medals are believed to be among the group of valuable mementoes which Mrs. Lane recently released for exhibition in Maryhill museum, 60 miles east of Stevenson. — Many of Mrs. Lane’s collection pieces were recently destroyed in a fire which razed the hotel which she operated at Underwood . But these are believed safe. — A letter received by

32 years after her parents, Mrs. and Mrs. Felix Iman arrived in Skamania county. The family lived in a cabin west of Rock Creek , and it was here that, when she was three days old, the Indians swooped down from Yakima to terrorize the settlers. With other women and children, Mrs. Iman was taken to Cascade Locks for safety. Delving back into family history a bit, Mrs. Nix’s mother had married Felix Iman in 1852 while he was helping build a steamboat called the Cosmopolite, which operated on the river several years. It was the third steamer to operate between Cascade Locks and The Dalles. All these years, Mrs. Nix has continued to reside in Stevenson and at present lives with a daughter, Mrs. Lyons on Front street. She retains her memory, easily recalling events which have occurred in the county since her girlhood and enjoys visits from old residents who can recall and discuss affairs which were important in the ranks of the few settlers who made Skamania county their early home. — Mrs. Nix was the second child of Mr. and Mrs. Felix Iman, who were parents of sixteen children. Four of these children survive. — Mrs. Nix will observe the anniversary Sunday with the children and friends. Five daughters and two sons born to the union still are living. And from all parts of Southwest Washington, message of congratulations will come—for ninety years is a long time to live in one neighborhood, and few persons hereabout are more widely known.” SKAMANIA COUNTY PIONEER, 28 March 1947, Pioneer, 91, Greeted By Long–Time Pal, “When she celebrated her 91st birthday on March 25th, one of the messages Flora A. Nix received came from a life-long friend, a daughter of parents who were life-long friends of the parents of Mrs. Nix. Two Southwest Washington pioneers greeted each other. The exchange of greetings read: — ‘My dear friend and sister of pioneer parents; Our hearts are tied together by the bonds of friendship which our parents had. But only you, the oldest living of the Iman family, born and raised within a stone’s throw from where you now live, can tell the story, but (because) you hold the honor by years. I take my hat off to you today. — Mary Lane Underwood’ — Mrs. Nix wrote: ‘Thank-you, Mary Lane Underwood, for remembering my 91st birthday. — Flora A. Nix.”

The Pioneer this week from J. Nelson Barry, of Portland, one of the best authorities on the early history of the Gorge says he is familiar with the medals, and among other things, had this to say about it: ‘Some twenty years ago, I was invited to make an address at the Pioneer’s picnic at the Cascades. I there saw the hereditary royal necklace of the Cascade tribe, and realized that the two silver medals probably were of historical significance. — I took rubbings of one to the Numismatic Museum (for coins) in New York City where it was positively as one of the rare medals that only Lewis and Clark distributed to the Indians. — It is indeed, most fortunate, that Mrs. Mary V. Lane had deposited the necklace in the Museum. I had often urged her to do so,’ Mr. Barry said. — Included in the correspondence was a story of the ancestral line of Mrs. Lane on her mother’s side. She has an equal number of all-white ancestors on her father’s side. In the very near future, The Pioneer hopes to reproduce this bit of historical data with which, thorough the kindness of Mr. Barry, we have been supplied.” THE MT. ADAMS SUN, Bingen Washington, 24 February 1950, p. 1, obituary, Mary V. Lane, “Mrs. Mary V. Lane, better known as Aunt Mary by young and old all over the county, who resided at Underwood, Washington, passed away at the Klickitat General Hospital in White Salmon at the age of 85 years. Mrs. Lane was probably the oldest resident born in Skamania County, having been born at Fort Rains in the Middle Cascades on April 17th, 1864, the daughter of Amos and Ellen Underwood. Her father came to Washington Territory with the earliest immigrants and settled in the Middle Cascades in the early 1840’s where he married Mrs. Lane’s mother, who was a granddaughter of the famous Chief Chenoweth and a direct descendant of the chief of the Cascade Indians. — Mrs. Lane's life was full of varied and interesting experiences and she was devoted unselfishly to the welfare of her people. She possessed a large collection of Indian relics of great historical value, many of which she gave to the Maryhill Museum and a large number were destroyed when her home burned a few years ago. Her home had been the Underwood hotel and it was an early landmark which helped develop the town of Underwood . — She was beloved by all who knew her. In her death Skamania County has lost one of it's most interesting and lovable characters. — She is survived by three nieces: Maggie Howell of White Salmon: Cornelia Howell of Yakutat, Alaska; and Isabell Bullard, of Portland, Ore.; and a nephew, Coret J. Underwood of Barnes Hospital, Vancouver, Wash. Also many grand nieces and nephews. — Mrs. Lane was laid to rest in the Underwood Cemetery on land that was donated by the uncle, Ed. Underwood , for a community Cemetery. — Funeral Services were held at the Gardners Funeral Chapel Tuesday, February 21 at 10 a.m. with Rev. George officiating. Erma Kapp sang.”

33 After the death of her third husband, Jeff Nix, in 1945, Flora, then almost 90 years old and suffering from rheumatism and arthritis, went to live with her daughter Mrs. Lena “Betty” Lyons who then lived on Front Street in Stevenson, Skamania Co. There a few years later Flora died at the age of 93. SKAMANIA COUNTY PIONEER, 1 April 1949, obituary, Pioneer Woman Called by Death; 92 years old, “Scores of friends of Mrs. Flora A. Nix paid last respects to her memory yesterday afternoon when funeral services were held at the Stevenson Methodist Church. She passed away Monday afternoon. Funeral services were conducted by Rev. J. H. Avery and Rev. Violet Le La Cheur and Gardner and Son had charge. Committal was in IOOF Cemetery east of Stevenson. Many floral tributes covered the casket and several out of town friends and relatives were present at the services. — Mrs. Nix passed away only 4 days after her 93rd birthday and closed a long life of love and kindness to family and many friends. She had been ill for the past 4 months. — She was the daughter of the late Felix G. and Margaret Windsor Iman, early day pioneers of Stevenson, then known as Cascades, Wash. Terr. She was born March 24, 1856 and when 2 days old the family with one other small child a brother were forced from their home by Indians, the home was fired and burned, the family escaping and finally being taken to The Dalles, Ore. until it was safe to return. — In the early 1880’s Flora married Isaac I. Foster. To this union 5 daughters and 2 sons were born. Mr. Foster passed away many years ago. — Several years later she married the late Jefferson Nix. — Mrs. Nix leaves to mourn her passing the following children: Mrs. Pearl Slack of Seattle, Mrs. Ruby Sweeney of Stevenson, Mrs. Elizabeth Lyons of Stevenson, Mrs. Leana Joyce of Salem, Ore., Mrs. Hattie Kynaston of Stanfield, Ore., Mrs. Ira D. Foster of Portland, Ore. and Mr. Kenneth F. Foster of Stanfield, Ore. — One brother, Albert O. Iman of Raymond, Washington; nineteen grandchildren, many great grandchildren and nephews.” SKAMANIA COUNTY PIONEER, 8 April 1949, Card of Thanks, “We extend our thanks to all friends and neighbors who so kindly remembered us in the death of our dear Mother, Flora A. Nix . We deeply appreciated the many tokens of esteem in her memory. The Foster Family.” Flora Adelia Iman married: 1) Charles Morgan, on 7 November 1873, at Vancouver, Clark Co. Washington;47 b. September 1851, in NORWAY; d. 8 April 1914, in Portland, Multnomah Co. Oregon, of Brights disease, aged 72. 48 A sailor and day laborer. In an interview with Fred Lockley for the OREGONIAN newspaper, Flora Iman says her first husband Charles Morgan served in the Civil War, but the 1900 census states Charles Morgan came to America in 1870 which would have been after the Civil War. (Note: the Civil War ended in 1865). 49

1880 census Skamania Co. Washington, Stevenson, p. 11, no. 65-70: Charles Morgan, 36, sailor, NORWAY/ NORWAY/ NORWAY Flora, 24, house keeping, Wash Ty/ Illinois/ Indiana

R. in an interview, September 1995, said, “Flora was excited by Charles Morgan. He was a sailor and manly and handsome. She married him because he was so handsome. After they married, the first time Flora had sex with him it was very painful for her, as he had a very large penis. Flora told me this and laughed about it. Later on she said she really enjoyed having sex with him, but that outside of the sex they really had no relationship. Eventually the sex and love died and she left him. She didn’t really want to have children by him, so they never had any.”

47 Marriage date from interview of Flora Foster in the OREGONIAN, “Impressions and Observations of the Journal Man,” by Fred Lockley, 21 June 1933. 48 Portland Oregon death records. 49 OREGONIAN, Portland Oregon, “Impressions and Observations of the Journal Man ,” by Fred Lockley, 20 June 1933 and 21 June 1933. See also footnote Error: Reference source not found.

34 Charles and Flora Morgan divorced about 1884, and according to the 1885 state census of Skamania Co. Washington Flora lived alone. Evidently Flora’s father, Felix Grundy Iman, had invested money in a farm for the young couple, but when the marriage ended he reclaimed his investment: Skamania Co. Washington Bills of Sale, Bk. 1, p. 3, “9 May 1885: Felix G. Iman sells interest in the Charles Morgan homestead and claim at Stevenson to Lewis Eyman for $450.” (Note: Louis Eyman the brother of Felix Grundy Iman. Louis Eyman and family came from Monroe Co. Illinois to Skamania Co. in 1884.) Charles Morgan and Flora Adelia (Iman) had no children. After the divorce from Flora, Charles Morgan moved to Portland, Oregon. Charles Morgan married 2) Anna (Lund), on 26 June 1887, at the Scandinavian Church, in Portland, Multnomah Co. Oregon; marriage performed by C. N. Hauge, Minister of the Gospel, witnesses John Blid and Lena Olsen.50 Anna (Lund) was b. April 1865, in RUSSIA or FINLAND, and died after 1930, probably in Portland, Multnomah Co. Oregon. The 1900 census of Portland states Anna had come to America in 1883. 51 According to the 1920 and 1930 census of Portland, Oregon she was a widow. 52 Children of Charles Morgan and Anna (Lund): i. Irene Anna (1891-) and ii. Albinata (sometimes spelled Abnetha) Deborah (1895–) Morgan . Flora Adelia Iman married: 2) Ira9 Isaac Foster, “Ike,” (Fenner 8, Isaac 7, Fenner6, Fenner 5, David4, David3, John2, Christopher 1), on 15 July 1904, at Stevenson, Skamania Co. Washington;53 the son of Fenner Foster and Julia Ann (Babbit);54 b. 7

50 Marriage records Multnomah Co. Oregon. 51 1900 census Multnomah Co. Oregon, Gresham twp., e.d. 82, p. 15: Charles Morgan , b. Sept. 1851, age 48, came to America in 1870, resident of America 30 yrs, NORWAY/ NORWAY / NORWAY, naturalized, day laborer, owns home mortgaged; Anna, wife, April 1865, 35, to America in 1883, resident 17 yrs, RUSSIA/ RUSSIA/ RUSSIA; Anna E., daughter, June 1891, 8, Oregon/ NORWAY / RUSSIA; Abnatha, daughter, August 1895, 4, Oregon/ NORWAY / RUSSIA. 52 1920 Census, Multnomah County, Oregon, e.d. 137, p. 1: MORGAN, Anna L., 54, widow, FINLAND/ FINLAND/ FINLAND, speaks Swedish, came to America 1883, owns farm; MORGAN, Irene A., daughter, 27, Washington; EVANS, Abnetha D., daughter, 24, Oregon; EVANS, William J., son- in-law, 27, Wisconsin; LUND, John, half-brother, 29, Finland, alien, to America 1912. 1930 census Multnomah Co. Oregon, Portland City, precinct 341, e.d. 26-394, sheet 5B, 831 Windler Street, no. 124-130 : Anna L. Morgan, head, owns home value $2500, age 64, widow, age at 1st md. 21, FINLAND/ FINLAND/ FINLAND, speaks Swedish, came to America 1883, naturalized, no occupation; Abnetha N. EVANS, daughter, 34, widow, age at 1st md. 21, Oregon/ NORWAY/ FINLAND; Marie ANDERSON, half-sister, 43, divorced, age at 1st md. 22, FINLAND/ FINLAND/ FINLAND, came to America 1909, naturalized, maid for private family. 53 Marriage records Skamania Co. Washington. 54 Fenner Foster (1823-1907), son of Isaac Foster; b. Chautauqua Co. New York, d. Mt. Pleasant, Skamania Co. Washington, buried Mt. Pleasant Cemetery. Fenner Foster served in the Civil War, Union Army, as a Sergeant in the 1st Missouri Engineers, Company C, as a corporal later promoted to Sergeant in the Regiment of West Missouri Volunteers , Company D. Married 1) Julia Ann (Babbit) (c1831-1869). Married 2) Mrs. Rebecca (Parsons) Brown (1824-1910), c1865, in Louisa Co. Iowa, probably the daughter of Jonathan Simps Parsons and Agnes Nancy (Neville) of Hardy Co. West Virginia and Louisa Co. Iowa, and widow of Joshua Meek Brown. ( Note: Rebecca Parsons married Joshua Meek Brown, 25 February 1845, in Louisa Co. Iowa.) After the death of Fenner Foster, Rebecca (Parsons) returned to Iowa where she lived with her Parsons relatives. Rebecca d. in Jefferson twp., Louisa Co. Iowa; buried Parsons Cemetery, Jefferson twp., Louisa Co. Iowa. 1850 census Waukesha Co. Wisconsin, Muskeego, p. 328A: Ira BABBIT, 57, farmer, Vermont; Jane, 47, New York; Ira Jr., 22, New York; J. A., 19, female, New York; Adelaid, 15, New York; S. J. JOHNSON, 10, female, Wis.; Fenner FOSTER , 27, laborer, New York. 1860 Louisa Co. Iowa, Jefferson twp., Toolesborough, p. 955, no. 7-7: Fenner Foster , 36, sawyer, personal estate $270, N. York; Julia Ann, 39, N. York; Allie Jane, 7, Wis; Fremont, 3, Wis; Ira Isaac, 1, Wis; HARVEY, Charles, H., 39, mail carrier, Mass. 1870 census Louisa Co. Iowa, Jefferson twp., p. 503B, sheet 10, no. 77-77: Fenner Foster , 47, farmer, real estate $500, personal estate $439, New York; Rebecca, 41, keeps house, Virg; Anna J., 17, at school, Wis; Fremont, 15, Wis; Isaac, 12, Wis; Julia, 4, Iowa; BURNS, W. S., 17, farm laborer, Iowa. 1880 census Skamania Co. Washington, e.d. 40, p. 23B, sheet 21B, no. 134-159: F. Foster , 57, farm laborer, New York/ Massachusetts/ Scotland; Rebecca, 53, wife, housekeeping, Virginia/

35 November 1858, at Toolesboro, Louisa Co. Iowa; d. 5 May 1919, at Stevenson, Skamania Co. Washington, of a heart attack, aged 60. 55 He is buried next to his father Fenner Foster in the Mt. Pleasant Cemetery, Mt. Pleasant, Skamania Co. His tombstone reads, | IRA I. FOSTER | 1858 1919 |. Ike Foster was named after his grandfathers, Ira Babbitt and Isaac Foster. In the 1860’s Ike Foster lived with his parents in Louisa Co. Iowa . His father, Fenner Foster Sr., had been in Oregon in the 1840’s and having liked the country decided, in the 1860’s, to return to Oregon with his family. But Ike’s mother, Julia (Babbitt), did not want to move to Oregon and so convinced her husband to remain in Iowa. In 1869 Ike’s mother Julia died. Ike was then just ten years old. His father then remarried to a Mrs. Rebecca (Parsons) Brown the widow of Joshua Meek Brown.56 Early in the following year 1870 Fenner Foster, with and his children and the new wife, moved to Nebraska, but the family did not especially like Nebraska and so Fenner then brought his family to Oregon. In April 1870 the Fosters arrived at Portland (story below has arrival as 1871) where they remained about a year. In 1871 they settled further up the Columbia River in Skamania Co. Washington where they homesteaded near present-day Mt. Pleasant . There they farmed. In 1885 Fenner Foster Sr. was voted tax assessor for Skamania Co. (Sometime around the turn of the century (1900) Fenner Foster , Ike’s father, wrote an short biography of his life which being interesting has been reprinted at the end of this book.) SKAMANIA COUNTY PIONEER, Stevenson Washington, 11 July 1907, “I. I. Foster and daughter, Mrs. Bevans, Mr. and Mrs. C. J. Moore and daughters, with many neighbors of Mt. Pleasant met for an old fashioned

Virg/ Virg; Julia, 14, daughter, at school, Iowa/ New York/ Virginia. 1910 census Louisa Co. Iowa, Jefferson twp., e.d. 94, p. 70, sheet 18A, no. —: Abe Parsons , head, 48, 2nd md., Iowa/ Virginia/ Ohio, farmer, can read/ write, owns farm free of mortgage; Jessie L., wife, 48, 2nd md., 3 children 3 living, Iowa/ Virginia/ Illinois, can read/ write; Dean H., step-son, 14, Iowa/ Iowa/ Iowa, can read/ write; FOSTER , Rebecca, aunt, 86, widow, 4 children 1 living, Virginia/ Virginia/ Virginia, has own income, can read/ write. SKAMANIA COUNTY PIONEER, 19 September 1907, “Died — At Mt. Pleasant, Wash ., Sept. 13, 1907, Fenner Foster, aged 85 years. Grandpa Foster, as he was familiarly known, settled at Mt. Pleasant a number of years ago, where he was identified with the GAR and Mt. Pleasant and State granges. He leaves besides a widow, two daughters and two sons, Mrs. Jane Hall, Mrs. C. J. Moore, I. I. and F. F. Foster.” Isaac Foster (c1785-), b. Hampden Co. Massachusetts . Lived Chautauqua Co. New York. About 1830 moved to Ohio where he died. Married three times, names of wives unknown. Children by 1st wife: i. Huldah (c1810-), married Joel Skinner, lived 1850, 1860 and 1870 census DeKalb Co. Indiana, 1880 census St. Joseph Co. Michigan ; ii. Olive, twin of Esther, iii. Esther, twin of Olive, iv. Mary, twin of Jerusha, v. Jerusha, twin of Mary, vi. Cloe (c1818-1875, d. either in Oregon or Montana), married Ezekiel Griswold (1810-c1882) and lived in 1860 census Columbia Co. Wisconsin, and 1880 census in Beaverhead Co. Montana . Children by 2nd unknown wife: vi.. Fenner (1823-1907) and vii. Anne Foster. Said to have had two children by 3rd wife, names unknown. (List of children from handwritten autobiography of Fenner Foster (1823-1907), son of Isaac, in possession of Mrs. Ruth Jory, 8004 Capitol Road, Vancouver, Washington. 25 September 1995.) Fenner Foster (c1760-), parents unknown, was from Hampden Co. Massachusetts . He may be the Fenner Foster who married Elizabeth (Tharp), in Hampden Co. Children: Isaac (see above entry) (c1785-), ii. Erastus Foster (1766-1842) and perhaps others. 16 March 2000, from To: [email protected] , “I’m still here still trying to tie in all the lines to Fenner Foster. Fenner was born in Middletown, Middlesex Ct. He moved with his brother, James Foster, to Granville, Hampden Co Mass where he married Elizabeth Tharp. I know he had at least one child Erastus (my relative) and possibly a son named Isaac (who named one of his sons Fenner, he ended up in Skamania Co. Washington)…” According to research Fenner Foster was a descendant of Christopher Foster (1603-1687) who arrived in 1635 in the ship Abigail from ENGLAND to Massachusetts. Christopher d. at Long Island, New York. Married Frances (Stevens) (1607-). She b. ENGLAND. Had eight children. (See CHRISTOPHER FOSTER FAMILY HISTORY, Book One [Parts 1 and 2]: History of the Descendants of Christopher Foster and Frances Steven, His wife, who came to America in 1635 and Lived in Southampton, Long Island, New York, by Helen Foster Shaw. 169+110+61p., typescript. 1953.) 55 Death Certificate. 56 Marriage records Louisa Co. Iowa, Book A, p. 33: Joshua Meek Brown to Rebecca Parsons, 25 February 1845.

36 farewell to Mr. and Mrs. Fenner Foster, who left Portland July 3d for a visit eastward. — Fenner Foster was born in New York some 84 years ago and remembers the invention and start of railroads and telegraph. At the age of 17 he was threatened with consumption, but shipped on a whaling venture, called where San Francisco has since risen, spent three years in the Pacific northwest, returned hearty and a man of large proportions. He sailed Lake Michigan 5 years, went to the Wisconsin woods, married and began saw milling on his own account. — He responded to the first call for volunteers and came out as sergeant. He wished to cross the Rockies, his sons F. F . and I. I. were eager to trap bear and hunt Indians, but their mother hesitated and so it was decided that their ox team might choose at the turns of the roads and when the team halted upon a piece of raw land in Louisa county, Ia . the tract was bought and all the family enthusiastically set about making a home to it. The few settlers decided to celebrate the glorious 4th and restoration of peace. One by one they plead to be excused of reading the Declaration of Independence, when the “new comers” little girl, Annie Jane Foster , stepped forth and read it amidst astonishment and applause. Death claimed his beloved wife Julia, and later he married the Widow Brown, a lineal descendent of Roger Williams, the founder of Rhode Island, and a niece of the famous John Brown of Harper’s Ferry. They came to Portland in 1871 and two years later settled on a homestead back of Cape Horn and for some years have lived at Mt. Pleasant grange, Patrons of Husbandry and of Columbia Pomona Grange No. 1, and of the Washington State Grange and also of the National Grange Patrons of Husbandry. And after so many toilful years of pioneering usefulness they have set out to visit relatives and friends and review four score years of American intention, settlement and success. All wish them a safe journey, pleasant visit and a hearty welcome back to their Mt. Pleasant home.” Ira Isaac Foster, known as “Ike”, had been married first to Myrtle Elizabeth Gould whom he married on 2 April 1880, in Skamania Co. Washington, probably the daughter of George W. Gould and his second wife Mary (—). 57 Myrtle Gould was born c1861 in (Hillsboro, Washington Co.) Oregon,

57 Marriage records Skamania Co. Washington. Skamania Co. Washington records also note the marriage of a George W. M. Gould to Mary M. Legard, on 9 September 1878. George W. M. Gould, also known as George Marion Willis Gould could have been a brother or perhaps the ex-husband of Myrtle Elizabeth Gould. George Marion Willis Gould married 1) Mary M. LeGard, on 9 September 1878, in Skamania Co. Washington (Source: marriage records Skamania Co. Washington.), daughter of Joseph LeGard and Mary (——). The LeGard family are listed in the 1870 census of Pierce Co. Washington, and according to the 1871 census of Pierce Co. Washington Joseph LeGard and his family were Indians, Joseph’s place of birth was listed as “British North America” (probably Vancouver). Daughter Mary M. LeGard, b. 1863, in Pierce Co. Washington. George Marion Willis Gould married 2) Josephine Beeks, on 28 September 1886, in Klickitat Co. Washington. (Source marriage records Klickitat Co. Washington.) 1880 census of Skamania Co. Washington e.d. 40, p. 13B, sheet 1, no. 3. George W. M. Gould in home of Amos Underwood. Note that census states George is married but his wife does not appear in the census: UNDERWOOD, Amos, 43, farm laborer, Ohio/ Kentucky/ Ohio Ellen, 40, wife, keeping house, Oregon/ Ogn/ Ogn Jefferson, 18, son, laborer, Oregon/ Ohio/ Oregon Mary, 15, daughter, at home, attends school, Washg Ty/ Ohio/ Oregon John, 11, at home, attends school, Washg Ty/ Ohio/ Oregon GOULD, George, 24, servant, married, Oregon/ unknown/ unknown THOMPSON, J. M., 64, boarder, single, cooper, New York/ NY/ NY From the IGI – George Marion Willis Gould (1856-), b. Oregon, parents unknown. USGenWeb Klickitat Co. Washington: “I've been using the census of 1900 and 1880 to track Josephine Victoria Beeks, b. Aug 1866, Oregon/Washington, m. George Gould, b. Mar 1856. Josephine’s father was Jacob Beeks, who was one of a few dozen Beeks’ who first appeared in the west on the 1880 Washington census, though I’m sure they were there since the 1860s. George M. Gould was in Klickitat Co. sometime around 1880, but I can’t find that record any more... According to the 1900 census, his father was from Germany, and mother was from Pennsylvania. (no other info though, and I'm guessing that the 1870 census of Klickitat Co. is either missing or blank on the pages that mention Goulds and Beeks. Anyway, if you know anything about their families, especially the names of George’s parents, or if you know what cemetery anybody mentioned here is buried in, please contact me! thanks Jason Gould [email protected] .”

37 according to the 1880 census of Skamania Co. But other than the marriage date and place and the census little is known about her. By 1885 Myrtle was either divorced from Ike Foster or dead as at that time Ike and Flora Adelia Iman began living together. It also appears Ike and Myrtle had no children.

1880 census Skamania Co. Washington, e.d. 40, p. 18D, no. 63-67: I. I. Foster, 21, teamster, Iowa/ New York/ Wisconsin Mirtle E., 19, wife, keeping house, Oregon/ unknown/ unknown

In 1904 Ike Foster married as his second wife Flora Adelia Iman . According to descendants he and Flora began living together in 1885 in a marriage of “common law.” They did not marry legally, and supposedly under pressure from the Iman family, until after all their children were born. Ike and Flora lived most of their lives at Stevenson, Skamania Co. but between 1887 and 1891, while working in the timber industry, they moved to Lewis Co. Washington. Sometime later they moved from Lewis Co. to Seattle, Washington. From Seattle they moved to Roy in Pierce Co. Washington where Flora’s sister Rosa and brother-in-law Daniel Jones lived at the time. While living at Roy Flora gave birth to her second child, a daughter, Ruby Margaret Foster (1888-1951). After a few years the Fosters returned to Stevenson, Skamania Co., where they bought a home and according to the 1900 census of Skamania Co. had a large household. Note in this census that the only adult female in the house is Flora. Hopefully some of the men in the house helped with the cooking, washing and house cleaning.

1900 census Skamania Co. Washington, Stevenson, e.d. 206, p. 13A, no. 261-269: Foster, Ira I. , head, born Nov 1858, age 41, md. 15 yrs, Iowa/ Wisconsin/ Missouri, log camp laborer, can read/write, owns house free of mortgage Flora, wife, March 1856, 44, md. 15 yrs., 7 children 7 living, can read/write, Washington/ Illinois/ Indiana Pearl A., daughter, May 1886, 14, can read/write, Washington/ Iowa/ Washington Ruby M., daughter, Feb 1888, 12, can read/write, Washington/ Iowa/ Washington Lenna I., daughter, Dec 1889, 10, can read/write, Washington/ Iowa/ Washington Ira D., son, July 1891, 8, can read/write, Washington/ Iowa/ Washington Leana, daughter, Oct 1893, 6, Washington/ Iowa/ Washington Vernon F., son, Nov 1895, 4, Washington/ Iowa/ Washington Hattie M., daughter, Jan 1899, 1, Oregon/ Iowa/ Washington

Ancestry.com World Connect, records submitted by Gordon Emerick, 20 September 2005: “George Marion Willis Gould, son of George W. Gould Sr. and Mary (——), b. March 1855 or 1856, in Columbia Co. Oregon; d. 20 May 1933, at Pendleton, Umatilla Co. Oregon. George Marion Willis Gould son of George Gould Sr., b. 1805, in New York; d. c1868, at Hillsboro, Washington Co. Oregon. George Gould Sr. married Mary (——), in 1854, at Hillsboro, Washington Co. Oregon. Mary b. c1830, in New York. Children of George W. Gould Sr. and Mary (——): i. William Albert (1848-) (b. Ohio) (Editor’s note: William Albert is apparently confused with William WATERS of the 1860 Washington Co. census, see below), ii. George Marion Willis (1855/56-1933) and iii. Jesse S. (1857-1930). 1850 census Dane Co. Wisconsin, p. 271, no. 57-57: GOULD, George W., 55, 42, farmer, real estate $800, New York; Deborah, 48, Vt (Vermont); Theodore O., 10, Illinois, attends school. 1860 census Washington Co. Oregon, Hillsboro, p. 636A, no. 346-311: GOULD, George, 55 or 59, blacksmith, personal estate $500, real estate $1148, New York; Mary, 29, personal estate $1500, New York; Geo., 5, Oregon; Jesse, 3, Oregon; WATERS, William, 12, Ohio; Theo GOULD, 30, laborer, Wisconsin, attends school. (Note: Theodore Gould served in the Civil War, Union Army, as a private in the 1st Oregon Cavalry, Company B.) The George Gould family and/or their children are not found in the 1870 census. In the 1880 census George Gould Jr. is found in Skamania Co. Washington, while his brother Jesse Gould is found in Cowlitz Co. Washington. Also in 1880 Skamania Co. Washington a Myrtle Elizabeth Gould is listed in a marriage record to Ira Isaac Foster, names of parents not given.

38 Iman, Albert O., boarder, Sept 1866, 33, can read/write, Washington/ Illinois/ Indiana, saw mill sawyer Iman, George W., boarder, July 1868, 31, can read/write, Washington/ Illinois/ Indiana, laborer saw mill Roeser, Jacob, boarder, Mar 1879, 21, can read/write, Washington/ GERMANY/ GERMANY, edgerman sawmill (Note: stepson of Theodore Iman, see p. 29.) Townsend, Frank, boarder, June 1884, 15, can read/write, Washington/ Maine/ Washington (Note: son of James Townsend and Rose Iman, see p. 68.) SKAMANIA COUNTY PIONEER, 10 July 1902, “Ike Foster bought R. O. Evans skiff and will use it as a passenger boat between Stevenson and the Locks.” SKAMANIA COUNTY PIONEER, 4 September 1902, Jottings, “Ike Foster has just recovered from a complexity of troubles, including small pox, erysipelas and carbuncles. The small pox he courted and wished for, and exposed himself to get it on all possible occasions, but the erysipelas and carbuncles were more than he bargained for. He has been very ill for a month or more, but he emerges from his home with all his old vim and dash, sprinkled with quite a number of pox marks.” SKAMANIA COUNTY PIONEER, 20 October 1902, “Ike Foster was much disappointed Sunday when on bringing his cow to the dock the Regulator would not take it. Could not is perhaps the better expression, for she was loaded with sheep nearly to the flat post on the lower deck.” ( Note: Regulator – sternwheeler boat that ran between Portland and The Dalles on the Columbia River.) SKAMANIA COUNTY PIONEER, 12 March 1903, “Mr. and Mrs. Ike Foster make good money raising Pekin ducks.” SKAMANIA COUNTY PIONEER, 23 July 1903, “Little Ira Foster has a couple of baby coons which he caught in the woods. They are very dexterous and delight the children beyond measure.” ( Note: Ira Foster – son of Ike and Flora Foster. Coons = raccoons.) SKAMANIA COUNTY PIONEER, 13 August 1903, “Fenner Foster visited his son Ike and family recently. The old lady is in rather feeble health, having passed a hard seige of sickness about two weeks ago.” Ike Foster worked mostly in the logging and wood business, and it is said that near Stevenson he opened one of the first logging camps in the area, using oxen to haul the logs from the camp to the Columbia River. SKAMANIA COUNTY PIONEER, 12 November 1903, “Little Fenner Foster” was run down by an older boy on a horse and terrified almost into hysterics. A boy who will continue this sort of thing in spite of all his parents can do is a promising candidate for the reform school.” ( Note: Fenner Foster” – son of Ike and Flora Foster.) SKAMANIA COUNTY PIONEER, 14 April 1904, “F. F. (Ike) Foster has a contract with the Portland T. Z. Co. for 600 cords of cottonwood for excelsior purposes and additional 200,000 feet of logs for other purposes. He will run same over the Rapids at high water. F. F. (Ike) Foster uses ox teams to haul his logs into the river.” SKAMANIA COUNTY PIONEER, 27 September 1906, “At the socialist primary held in Stevenson last Saturday, R. C. Wilson was appointed temporary chairman, F. W. Kale secretary. The following delegates were elected to attend the convention to be held in Stevenson Friday, Sept. 28th: R. C. Wilson, Jeff Johnson, F. W. Kale, L. Aalvik, I. I. Foster, J. Handrub, John Wachter.” SKAMANIA COUNTY PIONEER, 11 July 1907, “I. I. Foster is building skid roads for the Sweeney & Son Lumber Co. He continues adding to his herd of cows at Oakhurst Dairy ranch. His son Ira supplies Porter & Co.’s camp No. 1 with milk, poultry and veal. Mrs. Foster, beside growing ducks,

39 has engaged in trout farming. She noticed that a spring brook brought many small trout into a small artificial lake in their dooryard and began feeding them with the result that they grow rapidly and are readily caught.” SKAMANIA COUNTY PIONEER, 25 February 1909, “Ira Foster accidentally fell through the railroad bridge across Kanaka Creek while crossing after dark Monday night. A deep gash was cut in his head and his body was considerably bruised. At last accounts he was resting easily and the doctor does not think that any serious results will follow. —Other complications have set in since the above was written and Ira has been taken to the hospital, a very sick boy.” (Note: Ira Foster – son of Ike Foster and Flora Iman.) SKAMANIA COUNTY PIONEER, 4 March 1909, “Ira Foster was hurt last week by falling off the railroad bridge is improving rapidly and will soon be out again.” (Note: Ira Foster – son of Ike Foster and Flora Iman.)

1910 census Skamania Co. Washington, Stevenson, e.d. 290, p. 86B, sheet 1B, no. 26-26: FOSTER, Ira I. , head, 50, md. 25 yrs, Iowa/ New York/ Iowa, farmer general farm, owns farm mortgaged Flora A., wife, 54, md. 25 yrs, 7 children 7 living, Washington/ Illinois/ Indiana, farm laborer at home Ira, son, 19, Washington/ Iowa/ Washington, lumber handler sawmill Fenner, son, 13, Washington/ Iowa/ Washington, Hattie, daughter, 11, Washington/ Iowa/ Washington, GEIL, Simon, boarder, 80, Ohio/ Ohio/ Virginia, no occupation FLESH, Lee, boarder, Florida/ GERMANY/ Wisconsin, accountant Export book

SKAMANIA COUNTY PIONEER, 3 August 1911, “Ike Foster has a new gasoline wood saw with which he is doing business around town. Ike is a rustler and will no doubt keep his machines busy for a while, anyway.” SKAMANIA COUNTY PIONEER, 9 November 1911, Zig Zag Zephyrs, “I. I. Foster has sold 10 acres 2 miles north of town.” SKAMANIA COUNTY PIONEER, 12 December 1912, “Ike Foster is purchasing a donkey engine for logging and stump pulling and will soon be prepared to accommodate people by affording them a rapid and efficient means of clearing land.” (Note: donkey engine – steam powered winch with cable used to drag logs, use was more efficient than oxen.) SKAMANIA COUNTY PIONEER, 13 August 1914, Local, “On last Monday eve, July 27th, the Foster brothers were surprised by a visit from their sisters, Mrs. C. J. Moore of Vancouver, Wash. and Mrs. W. G. Hull of Colton, California, the latter sister they had not seen in over forty-two years, the Fosters having come to Washington in 1872. The father and mother have both died in the last years since 1907. The father passed away September 13, 1907, at his home at Mt. Pleasant, and the mother dying at Yoolsbore, Iowa, May 8th, 1910, an aged woman, the friend of all humanity.” 58 SKAMANIA COUNTY PIONEER, 3 December 1914, “Ike Foster who has a contract on the state highway on the Oregon side of the Columbia near Cascades Locks was over to Stevenson Monday and Tuesday.” SKAMANIA COUNTY PIONEER, 25 April 1918, “Ike Foster has stored his household goods in the Lou Iman saloon building and he has gone down to Skamania with a camping outfit, where he has a contract to fall timber for the Diamond L Lumber Co.” After his retirement from logging Ike with his brother Monta Foster , piloted a scow boat between Cascade Locks and The Dalles, hauling cord wood and supplies. In his later years Ike opened a jitney business (a public bus service) and later a skating rink in Stevenson. He was also one of the first in

58 Yoolesboro, Iowa refers to Toolesboro, Louisa Co. Iowa where the family had lived for some time before coming to Washington state.

40 Skamania Co. to own an automobile, in 1918 he bought an Overland touring car. SKAMANIA COUNTY PIONEER, 20 August 1918, “Ike Foster is the proud possessor of a new Overland. It is a dandy and Ike will now proceed to burn up some of the roads in Skamania county with it.” (Also see Ike Foster in photograph “The boys gather at Lew Iman’s Headquarters Saloon, page…...”) SKAMANIA COUNTY PIONEER, 8 May 1919, obituary, Ira I. Foster, “This community was shocked last Monday morning when it was announced that “Ike” Foster had passed away at the home of his son-in-law, Leo Moore , from an attack of acute indigestion. Sunday evening he left the jitney stand to spend the night at the home of his son-in-law, Leo Moore, and seemed to be in excellent health. After eating a hearty supper he retired, but called his daughter to his bedside a couple of hours later saying he did not feel well. He rapidly grew worse and passed away before medical help could be summoned. — Isaac I. Foster was born at Tootsboro, Iowa, November 7, 1858, and moved with his parents to Nebraska in 1869, remaining there about a year. They continued their journey westward and arrived in Portland, Oregon on April 10, 1870, since which time he had made Oregon and Washington his home, following the logging and wood business. For a number of years he was associated with his brother, Monta , in the scow business between Cascade Locks and The Dalles. For several years he was over on the sound in the logging contracting business. For the past few months has been in the jitney business here. — “Ike” Foster was a man well known and had many friends, and was a staunch friend toward Skamania county and Stevenson. Funeral services are being held here today, and the body will be taken to Mt. Pleasant and laid to rest beside his father. He is survived by his wife, seven children, and thirteen grandchildren. The children are Mrs. William Black, of Vancouver, Miss Lenna Foster”, of San Francisco, Mrs. J. F. Joyce, of Prairie City, Wash., Mrs. Hattie Smith, of Woods Cross, Utah, Mrs. Leo Moore, Ira and Fenner Foster” , of Stevenson. His brother F. F. Foster, lives at Carson. Mrs. A. J. Hull of Colton, California and Mrs. C. J. Moore of Vancouver are his sisters. — His many friends extend to the sorrowing wife and bereaved children their heart-felt sympathy in this, their great hour of grief.”

1920 census Skamania Co. Washington, Stevenson, e.d. 372, p. 20A, sheet 1A, no. 2-2: Foster, Fenner F., head, rents house, 24, can read/ write, Washington/ Iowa/ Washington, planesman, planesmill Truvillah R., wife, 27, can read/ write, Colorado/ Illinois/ Tennessee, housewife, at home Verna V., daughter, 1 mo., Washington/ Iowa/ Washington  Flora A., mother, 63, can read/ write, Washington/ Illinois/ Indiana, housewife, at home

SKAMANIA COUNTY PIONEER, 15 April 1921, “Mrs. Hattie Foster of Salt Lake, is visiting her mother, Mrs. Ike Foster during the holidays.”

1930 census Grays Harbor Co. Washington, Hoquiam City, ward 1, e.d. 14- 23, p. 11B, 2022 11th Street, family no. 11: Slack, Willie D., head, rents house $35 mo., 41, age at 1st md. 29, can read/write, Louisiana/ Louisiana/ Louisiana, longshoreman, stevidore Pearl, wife, 40, age at 1st md. 28, can read/write, Washington/ Iowa/ Washington  Foster, Flora A., mother-in-law, age 74, age at 1st md. 17, can read/write, Washington/ Illinois/ Indiana, no occupation

41 Children of Ira Isaac Foster and Flora Adelia (Iman): i. Pearl A.4 (1886- 1959), ii. Ruby Margaret (1888-1951), iii. Lenna J. “Elizabeth” “Betty” (1890-1991) iv. Ira D. (1892-1976), v. Leanna (1893-1985), vi. Vernon Kenneth Felix “Fenner” (1896-1979), vii. Hattie M. (1899-1983) and viii. an infant (d. young) Foster.59 Flora Adelia Iman married: 3) Jefferson Davis Nix, “Jeff”, (Samuel, Elisha, John…), on 24 July 1933, at Stevenson, Skamania Co. Washington, 60 the son of Samuel Nix and Nancy Jane (Woods);61 b. 8 April 1862, in Ponycreek, Erath Co. Texas; d. 28 September 1945, at the Bonneville Sanitarium, North

59 Notes on children of Ira Isaac Foster and Flora Adelia (Iman): i. Pearl A. Foster (1886-1959) married William “Willie” D. Slack. From Virginia Brown, “Pearl lived in Seattle. We went there a few times when I was a kid, but my parents didn’t go often. I did know her married last name but its not coming to me. It was in the 1950’s when she died I believe. She was better looking as she aged than she was when she was young. I think the gray hair took away the harsh look of her features.” ii. Ruby Margaret Foster (1888-1951) married 1) John Wade Bevans (1883–), on 24 May 1905, in Skamania Co. Washington. They divorced. John Wade Bevans, b. Barber Co. Kansas (see footnote Error: Reference source not found). Children: i. Walter J. (1906-1986), served in World War II; ii. Wade Avary (1908-1985) and iii. Glen Ray (1909-1996) Bevans. She married 2) Leo Roy Moore Sr. (1888-1954), on 15 February 1912, at Stevenson, Skamania Co. Washington. They lived at Stevenson. Children: iv. Mary A. (c1914-), v. Iola (c1916-) , vi. Dollie May (1918-1949), vii. Leo Moore Jr. (1920-1998), viii. Louise (c1923-), ix. Ruby (c1926-living 2009) and vi. Ruth Moore (c1928-living 2009) who married 1) Byron Shawcross and 2) Mr. Jory. She married 3) William Sweeney, on 10 January 1943, at Stevenson, Skamania Co. Washington. Sweeney had served as Sheriff of Skamania Co. William Sweeney and Ruby Margaret (Foster) had no children. iii. Lenna J. Foster (1890-1991) changed her name to Elizabeth Foster, and went by the nickname Betty. She married — Lyons, lived Seattle, Washington. From Virginia Brown, “Betty Lyons lived in Seattle in a housing project on 2nd Street and Yesler. I know she was almost 100 years when she died. She was not communicating with our family anymore because of her age and also because of the age of my parents. I do have a picture of her, which includes Aunt Leanna , Aunt Hattie, Mom and Dad, Aunt Louise and Uncle Wilber in Betty’s house. They were taken in 1985. Hattie died shortly after the photograph was taken. Leana gave me Hatties old picture album to take to my Mom.” iv. Ira D. Foster 1892-1976) married Florence A. Nix (1895-1983), daughter of Jefferson Davis Nix and Nora (Bevans). Lived at Portland, Oregon. v. Leanna Foster (1893-1985) married –– Gurr. From Virginia Brown, “Leana also known as Lee Anna lived in Kent, Washington. I worked near her and I used to go and see her on my lunch break and that was in l980-1985. She passed away in Kent in 1985. Her daughter Kay lived there too and her son never spoke to her as she got to him with her religion. She thought she spoke in tongues. She sounded so much like Ruby when she talked and she hated the name Lena so she didn’t go by it. I believe she was 82 years when she died. I really liked her. She was good to the kids when they were young and I think she was still going by Joyce at that time.” vi. Fenner Foster (1896-1979) married Truvillah Wiley (1898-1977), in 1918, at Stevenson, Skamania Co. Washington. vii. Hattie M. Foster (1899-1983) married Orvil Kynaston (1906-1978), lived Salt Lake City, Utah and Fallon, Nevada. 60 Marriage date from notice in the SKAMANIA COUNTY PIONEER, 28 July 1933. 61 Samuel Nix (1824-1881), son of Elisha Nix. Samuel b. Lawrence Co. Kentucky; buried Cass Co. Nebraska. Married 1) Selenar D. (Thompson) (1831-1851), on 6 December 1847. Samuel with wife and children moved to Anderson Co. Texas in 1848. Selenar d. Anderson Co. Texas. Samuel Nix married 2) Nancy Jane (Woods) (1833-1872), on 1 August 1852, in Anderson Co. Texas. Nancy b. Georgia, raised in Florida. In 1868 Samuel and Nancy moved to Erath Co. Texas . From there moved to Washington Co. Arkansas where second wife Nancy died. After the death of Nancy Samuel moved with his children to Rock Bluff, Cass Co. Nebraska , and there married Augustena (O’Dell), in 1875. Nix GenForum (http://genforum.genealogy.com/nix/ ), 11 October 1999, from William Nix, [email protected] , “My GGrandfather was Jefferson Davis NIX (son of Samuel NIX, and grandson of Elisha Nix). I'm seeking any info you have about NIX’s” Nix GenForum (http://genforum.genealogy.com/nix/ ), 14 January 2000, from William Nix, [email protected] , “Saw your e-mail response seeking info on Erath County, TX., and my gg- grandfather Samuel Nix resided in that county, served in county militia during Civil War , 20th Brigade. His father, Elisha Nix was a neighbor in Stephensville, TX. Samuel and family moved to Cass County, Nebr., and my g-grandfather Jefferson Davis Nix moved across plains to Oregon- Washington’s Columbia River Gorge. He was 2nd elected Sheriff of Skamania County, WA., after statehood in 1889.”

42 Bonneville, Skamania Co. Washington, of a heart attack 62, aged 83. He is buried next to his first wife Nora (Bevans) in the I.O.O.F. Cemetery, Stevenson, Washington. His tombstone reads, | JEFFERSON D. NIX | 1862— 1945 | DAD |. He lived at Stevenson, Washington. He spent the last few months of his life in a nursing home. Physically Jeff Nix was short and small of stature, but strong. Before coming to Skamania Co. he had been a Texas cowboy and a railroader and with his brother George Washington Nix had also spent some time in the Black Hills of the Dakotas. In August 1889 Jeff, with brother George, arrived at Stevenson, Skamania Co. Both soon took work in the timber industry—actually Jeff would continue to live in Skamania Co. and work in the timber industry all his life. Within a few years after coming to Stevenson Jeff became one of Skamania Co.’s first businessmen, building, owning and living in the Valley Hotel, the first hotel at Stevenson. He owned the hotel until 1897 when he traded it for some land located near the Ahola farm about two miles north of Stevenson. Nowadays the Stevenson High School stands on the site of this farm. Jeff wanted to farm and it is said he cleared his new farm land himself, making cord wood from the trees. 63 Later, after his first marriage, Jeff bought a scow boat called the The Blue Jay which, with his wife, he used to transport supplies on the Columbia River between the Cascades and The Dalles. 64 Jefferson Davis Nix married 1) Nora Anna Bevans (or Bevens), called “Node”, (William F.4, James F.3, John Brown 2, John1), on 1 January 1893, at Stevenson, Skamania Co. Washington. 65 She was the daughter of William F. Bevans and Samantha Ellen (Walton).66 She was also a sister of Oscar Bevans who later married Martha (Iman) McKinnon.67 Nora Anna Bevans

Nix GenForum (http://genforum.genealogy.com/nix/ ), 14 January 2000, from William Nix, [email protected] , “Elisha Nix (born about 1802 or 1803 in North Carolina), in Lawrence Co., Kentucky on Dec 23, 1822, married Matilda Young (born about 1804 in Kentucky). Moved to Anderson Co., Texas according to 1850 census. Children: William H ., Phoebe, Cynthia Ellen, Samuel, and John. His father, John Nix (born about 1785 in Virginia) with wife Margaret “Peggy” (Young) (born about 1785 in Kentucky) resided next door to son’s family in Anderson Co., Texas . My G-G-grandfather was Samuel Nix, born Apr 20, 1824, in Lawrence Co., Kentucky and died in Cass Co., Nebraska, before 1900. His son Jefferson Davis Nix eventually came to Skamania Co., Washington, about 1890, married Nora Bevans, was elected 2nd Sheriff of Skamania Co., after Washington Statehood. Please respond if you have any other info to add to this or change.” Nix GenForum, (http://genforum.genealogy.com/nix/ ), 4 June 1999, from Gene Nix, [email protected] , “Am seeking information about Elisha Nicks, born about 1802 probably in North Carolina. Married Matilda Young 23 December 1822 in Lawrence Co. Kentucky. Had 8 children: i. Samuel, b. 20 April 1822, Kentucky, d. Cass Co. Nebraska; ii. John, b. 7 November 1828, Kentucky, d. 7 November 1875 Erath Co. Texas ; iii. Jane, b. 10 March 1827, Kentucky, d. 18 March 1906, Erath Co. Texas; iv. Sarah, b. 1830, Kentucky, d. Anderson Co. Texas; v. Elizabeth, b. 1825, Kentucky; vi. William, b. 25 August 1835, Kentucky, d. 6 January 1858 Anderson Co. Texas (William is my GGrandfather); vii. Phebe, b. 2 July 1839, d. 2 July 1907 Anderson Co. Texas; viii. Cynthia Ellen, b. 1843, Johnson Co. Kentucky, d. 1915 Anderson Co. Texas. I have other information on down the line from here if I can help anyone.” 62 Death Certificate. 63 In 1976 this property was known as the Helen Brooks place. 64 SKAMANIA COUNTY PIONEER, Bicentennial Edition, 27 August 1976, p. 17, Jefferson Nix Owned First Stevenson Hotel, “Jefferson Davis Nix, pioneer settler of Stevenson, arrived in Skamania County in 1892, three years later than his bride-to-be, Nora A. Bevans . — Nora Bevans landed with her family on the Washington side of the Columbia at the age of 12. — The family settled on what was known as the Shepherd ranch later to become the Town of Stevenson. She attended school in the old school house on Kanaka Creek . In 1893, when she was 15, she and Jeff Nix were married. They made their home on a flat boat on the Columbia River, transporting wood to The Dalles. — Jeff Nix built the first hotel in Stevenson and in 1895 was elected sheriff, the second man to fill the office. — Mrs. Nix, in the early days, was a typesetter and office girl at the Skamania County Pioneer. — There were 10 children born to Jeff and Nora Nix; Florence Foster , Edna Maine, Ellen Richards, Dorothea Burt, Arline Entner, Marie Silver, Lyda Douglass, Arthur, John and LeRoy. — Their first child, Florence , was born in 1895 and was the first white child born in Stevenson. Just before the birth of their second child, LeRoy , the Nixes left the hotel and settled on a ranch about one and one-half miles east of Stevenson, where the rest of their children were born. Mrs. Nix died May 5, 1950; Jeff Nix died September 29, 1945.” 65 Marriage records Skamania Co. Washington. 66 For ancestors of the Bevans family see footnote Error: Reference source not found. 67 Martha Luchada Iman: a daughter of Felix Grundy Iman and Margaret (Windsor) and wife of Malcolm H. McKinnon. See p. 51.

43 was b. 8 April 1877, at Benton township, Des Moines Co. Iowa ; d. 5 May 1950, at Hood River, Hood River Co. Oregon , of cancer, aged 73. 68 She is buried next to Jefferson Nix in the I.O.O.F. Cemetery, Stevenson, Washington. Her tombstone reads, | NORA ANN NIX | 1877 – 1950 | MOTHER |. Jeff and Nora Nix had ten children (see p. 48.) Nora Bevans called “Node” was 16 years old when she married Jeff Nix . He was 30. After they were married their first home was on the Columbia River where they lived in a flatboat called The Blue Jay. They used the flatboat to transport cordwood and lumber from Stevenson up-river to be sold at The Dalles, Oregon. Returning down-river the Nixes would bring groceries and supplies from The Dalles to sell in the Cascades area. (See footnote Error: Reference source not found.) In 1895 Jeff Nix was elected Sheriff of Skamania Co., being the second Sheriff to serve in that office. And while serving as Sheriff there is an oft- told and historical story about his service… in April 1895, as Sheriff, Jeff with a few others stole the Skamania county records from the then county seat of Lower Cascades (now North Bonneville ), and carried them to Stevenson, whereupon Jeff immediately declared Stevenson to be the new county seat. It is said the theft was perpetrated in daylight and that the records were put in a couple of carpet bags which Jeff carried from the Lower Cascades by boat, then by handcar on the portage railroad, afterward along the trail in a wheelbarrow and finally, for the last link of the journey, by horseback in saddlebags to Stevenson. A. C. Sly, a former Mayor of Stevenson, adds, “You’ve heard the story of how the courthouse was moved to Stevenson? The county rented a building, just a shack, from Tom Moffat . He raised the rent $5 per month and one of the commissioners objected. George Stevenson had lived at the Lower Cascades, he was now a member of the State Legislature, and he bought land here and laid out the town of Stevenson. When the rent was raised in the Cascades, Stevenson offered them ground near his building for a court house… and so for that reason the records were brought over to Stevenson.” ….. James G. Harris who settled in Skamania Co. in 1883 adds, “The court house used to be at the Lower Cascades (now Bonneville). There was a nice little building, just a small plain building, but good for that day, where they kept the books. Someone stole the books one night and fetched them to Stevenson and ever since then Stevenson has been the county seat. Those first books are now lost, either burned or stolen, but I believe that old court house is still standing at the Lower Cascades.” 69

1900 census Skamania Co. Washington, Stevenson, e.d. 206, sheet 10A, p. 232, no 182-188: Jefferson Nix, head, born April 1862, age 38, Texas/ Kentucky/ Georgia, farmer, owns farm free of mortgage, can read/ write Nora A. , wife, April 1877, 23, 3 children 3 living, Iowa/ Ohio/ Ohio, can read/ write Florence A. , daughter, February 1895, 5, Washington/ Texas/ Iowa Roy, son, December 1896, 3, Washington/ Texas/ Iowa Edna C. , daughter, November 1898, 1, Washington/ Texas/ Iowa

68 Date of birth and death from gravestone. 69 Interview with James G. Harris from TOLD BY THE PIONEERS, Volume 1, p. 72. (TOLD BY THE PIONEERS, Tales of Frontier Life as Told by Those Who Remember the Days of the Territory and Early Statehood of Washington, 3 Volumes, Works Progress Administration, Olympia, Washington, 1937-38.) Another note on the theft of the Skamania county records… SKAMANIA COUNTY PIONEER, 29 July 1921, Old Timers In Town, “J. M. Coulter of the Trout Lake district is paying a visit to this neighborhood this week. Mr. Coulter at one time was county commissioner of Skamania county and is one of the men that gets credit for your present court house, having fought for a good location and at that time a good court house. Mr. Coulter says he did not help steal the county safe and records from Cascades when the transfer occurred, but believed the whole thing was done in daylight and all the county’s office property was brought up in a couple of carpet bags.”

44 SKAMANIA COUNTY PIONEER, 22 November 1901, “Jeff Nix is fast recovering from his ax wound.” In 1901 the Nix home a mile north of Stevenson was burned down. The fire was started in the kitchen by the stove. But within a month a new house was rebuilt on the same site. Two months later the new house had a fire on the roof, but was saved. SKAMANIA COUNTY PIONEER, 6 March 1902, Nelson Creek, “Jeff Nix new house got afire around the chimbley last Sat an’ if it hadn’t ov been for Burt Bevans and Mr. Sweeney, ilt would agone up but as it wuz there wuzzend much damage. Jeff went up river Monday.” In the early 1900’s Nora Nix was hired as a newspaper typesetter and office employee for the SKAMANIA COUNTY PIONEER at Stevenson. SKAMANIA COUNTY PIONEER, 7 August 1902, “Mrs. Jeff Nix killed a large rattlesnake in their garden last week. The reptile is thought to have come down in the drift from the vicinity of Wind Mountain.” SKAMANIA COUNTY PIONEER, 12 March 1903, “Jeff Nix hired by the city for pole slumpage along his “Chickabiddy” ranch, also six day work or $12 cash.” SKAMANIA COUNTY PIONEER, Stevenson Washington, 28 September 1905, “Jeff Nix has dug a well and found plenty of fine cold water at the spot and depth indicated by William Kirkman the ‘water witch.’” SKAMANIA COUNTY PIONEER, 14 October 1909, “The fine egg plant that has been seen in our window this week is from the farm of Jeff Nix , one mile east of town. It measures 21½ inches around one way and 15 around the other. Many people who noticed the plant in the window did not know the egg plant would grow here imagining the climate was too cold. Any thing will grow in Skamania county if you will only put the seed in the ground and this specimen proves that the egg plant does exceedingly well.” SKAMANIA COUNTY PIONEER, 14 October 1909, “Jeff Nix had 2 cows killed by the train Saturday evening. That was a misfortune he could not well afford to happen.” SKAMANIA COUNTY PIONEER, 23 June 1910, “Jeff Nix was injured by falling lumber at the Youman’s Simpson Mill , breaking two ribs and injuring his head.”

1910 census Skamania Co. Washington, Stevenson, e.d. 290, p. 89A, no. 75- 75: Jeff Nix, head, 49, md. 1, age at 1st md. 17, Texas/ Kentucky/ Georgia, farmer - general farm, can read/ write, owns farm mortgaged Nora, wife, 33, md. 1, age at 1st md. 17, 7 children 7 living, Iowa/ Iowa/ Ohio Florence, daughter, 15, Washington/ Texas/ Iowa, can read/ write Roy, son, 13, Washington/ Texas/ Iowa, can read/ write Edna, daughter, 11, Washington/ Texas/ Iowa, can read/ write Eloise, daughter, 9, Washington/ Texas/ Iowa, can read/ write Arthur, son, 7, Washington/ Texas/ Iowa, can read/ write Jeff, son, 4, Washington/ Texas/ Iowa, can read/ write Dorothy, daughter, 10 mos., Washington/ Texas/ Iowa

SKAMANIA COUNTY PIONEER, 12 March 1914, County Commissioners Proceedings, “Jeff Nix paid $16 for use of labor and team.” ( Note: for road repair work.) SKAMANIA COUNTY PIONEER, 16 July 1914, County Commissioners Proceedings, “Jeff Nix paid $52 for use of labor and team.” (Note: for road repair work.) About 1919 Jeff walked out on Nora, because it is said she started hanging out at the local tavern and becoming too friendly with the men there. It was said Jeff could not handle her anymore and they had frequent fights, so he decided to leave Nora and the children. Shortly after he left, they divorced.

45 At the time of the divorce the Nix’s youngest child, Nora Lida , was only a few months old. The divorce was bitter, and it is said that for years afterward Jeff would often make negative comments about his ex-wife such as, “She was a bad cook.” After the divorce Jeff left town and no one knew where he went. He sent no financial support to Nora or to the children. After the divorce Nora continued to drink, becoming alcoholic, and eventually her situation at home with the children became desperate. It is said that during this time the Nix children often went hungry and were extremely thin. They were also left at home alone for long periods of time while Nora was at the local bar. Eventually Nora’s situation was brought to the attention of the Skamania Co. Child Welfare Board, and the county decided to intervene. Largely based on Nora’s alcoholism, the coutny took the younger children away from Nora. The county then put up those Nix children for adoption. Soon all of the children the county had taken were adopted, some by families as far away as Minnesota (one of the boys was adopted by a family in Minnesota). Afterward, according to state laws, Nora was not allowed to contact any of the adopted children. Five years later Jeff Nix returned to Stevenson. Upon learning of the adoption of his children he had some remorse and told Nora that he would find the children and bring them all back together again. Although it is said to have taken a few years Jeff somehow was able to find the missing children and eventually did bring them all back to Stevenson where they lived again with Nora . Because he had found the children and brought them home Nora was able to forgive him and so made peace with him, although they did not live together again. After some years they even became friendly and were able to share a birthday party (see below, SKAMANIA COUNTY PIONEER, 11 April 1941, Birthday Dinner at Douglas Home). For the rest of her life Nora continued to be alcoholic and, according to relatives, was often drunk.

1920 census Skamania Co. Washington, Stevenson, e.d. 372, p. 7B, no. 169- 169: NICKS, Nora, head, 42, divorced, can read/write, Iowa/ Iowa/ Iowa, housewife at home, owns home Roy, son, 23, can read/write, Washington/ US/ US, logger – logging camp Lida, daughter, 7 mos., Washington/ US/ US/ Iowa GARWOOD, Henery, boarder, 39, can read/write, Washington/ Iowa/ Oregon, logger – logging camp 1930 census Skamania Co. Washington, Rock Creek Precinct, p. 258, sheet 3A , no. 79-80: Jeff Nix, head, owns home/ value $1200, age 69, divorced, age at 1st md. 30, can read/ write, New York/ UNITED STATES/ UNITED STATES, farmer/ farming 1930 census Skamania Co. Washington, Rock Creek Precinct, p. 258, sheet 3A , no. 72-73: NIX, Nora Anna, head, owns home - value $300, age 52, divorced, age at 1st md. 16, can read/write, Iowa/ New York/ New York, no occupation Nora L. , daughter, 14, attends school, can read/write, Washington/ Texas/ Iowa LARKINS, Hugh, boarder, 26, Washington, UNITED STATES/ UNITED STATES, laborer lumber NIX, LeRoy, son, 33, single, Washington/ Texas/ Iowa, laborer lumber SKAMANIA COUNTY PIONEER, 11 April 1941, Birthday Dinner at Douglas Home, “A potluck birthday dinner was given last Sunday for Jeff Nix and Nora Nix at the home of their son-in-law and daughter, Mr. and Mrs. E. N. Douglas. — Those present were Mrs. Nora Nix, Mr. and Mrs. Jeff Nix, Mr. and Mrs. Arthur Nix and daughters Ann and Joanne, Mr. and Mrs. John Nix, Mr. and Mrs. Ira Foster, Mr. and Mrs. Cornish Burt and son, Dick, Mr. and Mrs. Frank Maine, Mr. and Mrs. Frank Richards and daughter Phyllis,

46 Mr. and Mrs. Don Graham and daughter Billie Ann, Mr. Oscar Bevans, Mr. and Mrs. Glen Bevans and son Rodney, and daughter Glenda Rae, Mr. and Mrs. Wade Bevans and daughter Barbara, Billie Hazard, June Dodson, Mrs. Ruby Moore and daughters Ruby, Louise and Ruth, Mr. and Mrs. E. W. Bruning, Sharen Chatten, Mr. and Mrs. Melvin Douglass and sons Larry and Dean and daughter Betty, Mr. and Mrs. E. N. Douglass and son Duanne. — Both Jeff Nix and Nora Nix received many nice gifts. Mrs. Frank Richards, whose birthday is next Friday, also received gifts. The men had a game of horseshoes while the women prepared the table for dinner. Many pictures were taken.” SKAMANIA COUNTY PIONEER, 11 April 1947, Surprise Party for Pioneer Here, “A surprise birthday party dinner was given for Nora Nix on Saturday evening at her home by her children, grandchildren and great grandchildren. Her gift from her children was a spring rocker and she also received many lovely gifts from the grand and great grandchildren. Those present were Mr. and Mrs. Ira Foster, Mr. and Mrs. Frank Main, Mr. and Mrs. Frank Richards, Mr. and Mrs. Art Nix and Kay, Mr. and Mrs. John Nix and Mrs. Cornish Burt and Dickie, Mrs. Arline Wall, Mr. and Mrs. Everett Douglass and Duane, Mr. and Mrs. Don Graham and Karen, Mr. and Mrs. Elmer Larsen, and Gary and Judy, Mr. and Mrs. Don Fultz, Mr. and Mrs. Art Scroth and Greg, and Mr. Morris.” Nora never remarried and lived the rest of her life at Stevenson. At the time of her death she was visiting Hood River, Oregon when she suddenly died. After Nora’s death in 1950 the Nix children who had never been happy about their parents divorce had Nora buried beside Jeff in the I.O.O.F. Cemetery at Stevenson. Their tombstones read, FATHER | MOTHER. SKAMANIA COUNTY PIONEER, 12 May 1950, obituary, Nora A. Nix, Pioneer of Stevenson, Dies, “Nora Ann Nix one of the early residents of the area which became Stevenson, and a widely known Skamania County pioneer, died Friday May 5, at the Hood River Hospital after a long illness. She was 73 years of age. — Christian Science services were held Sunday in Gardner’s Funeral Chapel. Mrs. Frank Voorhees, served s reader, and Frank Voorhees sang. Interment was in the I.O.O.F. Cemetery here. — Mrs. Nix had been in ill health for the past two years, and had been hospitalized a part of the time. — Born April 8, 1877, in Des Moines, Ia. , she came west with her family and landed on the Washington side of the Columbia River at the age of 12. — In 1893, at the age of 15, she was married at home to Jeff Nix . They made their home on a flat boat on the Columbia River and transported wood to The Dalles, Ore., on the boat Mayflower. — Jeff Nix built the first hotel in Stevenson. — Here their first child, Florence Foster , of Portland, Ore., was born in 1895, the first child born in Stevenson. Just before the birth of their second child, a son, LeRoy, deceased, in 1896, the Nixes left the hotel and settled on a ranch about one and a half miles east of Stevenson. Here the other eight children in the family were born and reared. — Mrs. Nix’s career included newspaper work in the days when newspaper type was set entirely by hand. She was employed by The Pioneer during the early days as a typesetter. — Mrs. Nix, loved by all who knew her, leaves many friends and relatives to mourn her passing. — Surviving her are one brother, Bruce Bevans, of Portland; nine children, Florence Foster, Portland; Edna Maine, Stevenson; Ellen Richards, Stevenson; Arthur Nix, Waldport, Ore.; John Nix, Stevenson; Dorothea Burt, Portland; Arline Entner, Seattle; Marie Silver, Portland, and Lyda Douglass, Stevenson; 17 grandchildren and 17 great grandchildren.” SKAMANIA COUNTY PIONEER, 12 May 1950, Card of Thanks, “We wish to express our thanks to our many friends for the kindly expression of sympathy, for the beautiful floral offerings honoring the memory of our beloved , sister, mother and grandmother Nora Ann Nix . — Brother Bruce Bevans, children, Florence Foster, Edna Maine, Ellen Richards, Arthur Nix, John Nix, Dorothea Burt, Arline Entner, Marie Silver, Lyda Douglass and their families.”

47 Children of Jefferson Davis Nix and Nora Ann (Bevans): i. Florence (1895-) married Ira D. Foster, son of Ira Isaac Foster Sr. and Flora A. (Iman) , ii. LeRoy (1896-1931) , iii. Edna Crystal (1898-), iv. Myrtle Ellen (1901-2002), v. Arthur C. (1903-), vi. John (1906-1999) , vii. Dorothea (1909-living 2002), viii. Mary Avary (1913-), ix. Lyda (c1919-living 2002) and x. — Nix. In 1933 Jefferson Nix married Flora Iman. He was aged 71, she was 75. SKAMANIA COUNTY PIONEER, Friday, 28 July 1933, Nix-Foster Wedding Surprizes Friends “Jeff Nix and Mrs. Flora Foster were married Monday at her residence here. This romance and marriage comes as a great surprize to their friends and acquaintances. They are now at home at his ranch north of town where they will make their home. …hope all their troubles are little ones.” SKAMANIA COUNTY PIONEER, 26 July 1935, “Mrs. Ruby Moore , of Portland, is visiting her mother, Mrs. Jeff Nix.” SKAMANIA COUNTY PIONEER, 27 March 1936, Zig Zag Zephyrs, by P. S. C. Wills, “Mrs. Sylvester Manning and others took Aunt Flo and Uncle Jeff Nix by surprise Tuesday. They swarmed into the house and set the table and heaped it with an abundance of substantial food and fine home made candies and cakes, and many presents, among them a “Dolly Varden dress” and lace collar, reminders of girlhood days for Aunt Flo’s birthday. 70 Aunt Flo exclaimed “Why didn’t you let me know and I’d had dinner ready.” In reply Grandmother Manning presented a fine cake ornamented with greetings, and then P. S. C. Wills’ cake was presented bearing her monogram and 80 candles to remind her that she was 80 years young. Since when born the first “paleface” daughter of Skamania county on March 24, 1856. 71 Two days later, March 26, 1856, came the Indian “uprising” and the young mother, Mrs. Felix Inman and new born Flora Ann Iman had to flee in a small boat to the Oregon shore while witnessing the burning of their frontier home and “earthly all.” But they were glad to escape with their lives and the will to persevere. All of Aunt Flo’s seven children are living “well and hearty.” She has 20 grandchildren and three great grand children living, but because of this “surprise” party, those living elsewhere were not present. Present were her granddaughter, Mrs. Dolly (Moore) Manning and son, Rex, Mrs. Martha (Iman) McKinnon, John Iman, Mr. and Mrs. L. F. Iman, her niece, Mrs. Myrtle (Vallette) Royce, grand nieces, Mrs. Emma (Royce) Garwood, great grand niece, Betty Jane Garwood, Mrs. Gladys (Royce) Manning, great grand nephew Royce Manning, Grandma Manning, Mrs. Whitson and Mrs. Daisy (Taylor) Allen.72 — Her brother, the late Theodore Iman , was born in 1854, the first white child (so we are informed) born where is now the City of Cascade Locks . When the “Bridge of the Gods” was dedicated some ten years ago, he started from the Oregon shore and sister Flo from the Washington highway. They

70 The death of Charles Dickens in 1871 and subsequent auction of his belongings renewed interest in his blonde heroine, Dolly Varden. This lead to naming a popular style of dress after her. It is a chintz patterned gown of bodice and tunic in one with the tunic looped up on the sides, short in the front, looped in puffs behind, worn over a bright silk petticoat or in winter, a flannel, cashmere or velveteen petticoat. 71 Appears to be a grammatical error. Should probably read “She was born the first “paleface” daughter of Skamania county….” 72 Mrs. Whitson is Elizabeth Whitson, wife of Samuel Whitson and daughter of John Marshall Donaldson and Lucinda Windsor, Lucinda being the sister of Margaret Windsor Iman . At the time Mrs. Whitson lived in Stevenson, Washington with her son Jayson Whitson. Daisy (Taylor) Allen is the former wife of Oscar Bevens, second husband of Mrs. Martha (Iman) McKinnon.

48 met at the center of the bridge and opened it to the public. We hope that “Aunt Flo” will be invited to lend a hand, when Bonneville power is started, and will live many more years to enjoy life.” 73 SKAMANIA COUNTY PIONEER, 3 July 1936, Zig Zag Zephyrs, by P. S. C. Wills, “George Nix, of Portland, is visiting his brother, Jeff Nix , north or town. George Nix farmed here 35 years ago, he owned one of the three best teams of horses in those days. He ploughed for his “pioneering” neighbors and logged when this county’s forests grew down to the river’s shady brink. One day this month, 35 years ago, he and Al Stackhouse brought down a load of strawberries to be shipped by The Little Iralda. While they waited for that boat, which had been sold and never returned, some one yelled, “the backwaters are coming up,” away they galloped, sowing beans, rice coffee and strawberries along the road, but they got across ahead of the high water. At that time there was no wagon road east of the Jeff Nix ranch, or north of Douglas and Kee’s sawmill and the Turner place, so George and his fine team had to find some thing to do till the river fell some weeks later. Meantime Al Stackhouse invited his neighbors to come help themselves to the berries he had counted upon as a ready cash crop. Such were steamboat days.” (Note: George Washington Nix [1859-1941] is buried in the Iman Cemetery, Stevenson, Washington. He and his brother Jeff came to Skamania Co. Washington in 1889. 74) SKAMANIA COUNTY PIONEER, 2 October 1936, Local Happenings, “Mr. and Mrs. Ira I. Foster and Evelyn Estell of Walport, Oregon, have been visiting their parents and grandparents Mr. and Mrs. Jeff Nix , and Mrs. Nora Nix, John, Alfred, Albert, L. F. Iman, Mrs. Martha McKinnon and family and others hereabouts, the Fosters were born and attended Stevenson’s “Pioneer” one-room school house. Mrs. Foster (Florence Nix) was the first “school girl” who dared to write regular weekly news for The Pioneer some 30 years ago.” SKAMANIA COUNTY PIONEER, 22 December 1939, Flowers Will Bloom Here on Christmas, “Out on the Jeff Nix place, 1½ miles northwest of Stevenson, the flowers refuse to believe it is near Christmas. Mr. Nix didn’t want anyone to doubt his word about this so, last Saturday, he brought a prize-winning bouquet into town—all roses, nasturtiums, etc. that were growing and blooming in his yard. Mr. Nix intimated he had heard somewhere, although he couldn’t remember just where, that flowers sometimes bloomed in California during this season of the year. California is

73 Bonneville Power: the Bonneville dam being built at that time at North Bonneville, Washington. 74 SKAMANIA COUNTY PIONEER, Stevenson Washington, 28 February 1941, George W. Nix, Here Since ‘88, is Laid to Rest — Pioneer Settler Had Made Home With Brother Until Last August , “George W. Nix, 81 years old, who came from Nebraska to settle in the Northwest more than half a century ago, passed away a the home of a friend, Mrs. Winfred David, last Friday morning. Death was due to a heart aliment and came almost suddenly. He had been confined to his bed but a few days. His friend, Winfred Davis, with whom he had made his home since last August, passed away on January 10th, Davis was 79 years of age, and the pair had been closely associated for several years. Until he went to make his home with his friend, Mr. Nix had lived with his brother, Mr. and Mrs. Jeff Nix, two miles North of Stevenson. — Funeral services were held Sunday afternoon from the Gardner Chapel to Iman Cemetery. Mr. and Mrs. Frank Voorhees, of North Bonneville, were in charge of Christian Science services which were attended by many friends and relatives of the aged man. — Mr. Nix was born in Texas on July 30th, 1959 (Note: should read 1859). At an early age, with his family, he went to Nebraska to live, and he came to Washington about 1888, when, with his brother, he located near Stevenson. It was during the stay of the brothers in the Black Hills of North Dakota that Jeff Nix became acquainted with Mr. Davis. The brother did not meet him until Davis came to Stevenson when they became close friends. — George Nix engaged in cutting and hauling wood for clients along the Columbia river in the early days. He constructed a flume along Nelson creek by which he sent wood to the river to be taken to Cascade Locks where a crew was engaged in constructing the now abandoned locks in the river. He also had large contracts with firms at The Dalles to which he cut and sold wood. Business becoming slack, Mr. Nix went to Portland where he secured employment with Portland Flour Mills, retaining his position there for thirty years when he came back to Stevenson about six years ago. — His wife, who before their marriage was Mrs. Hattie Richmond, preceded him in death by about six years. Since that time, and until last August, he resided with his brother and family. — Surviving him, besides his brother, Jeff Nix, are three sisters, all married. They are Mrs. Mary Hansen, of Nebraska; Mrs. Tillie Peterson, of Nebraska, and Mrs. Martha Diamond, of North Dakota. There are many nephews and nieces, several of whom attended the funeral services here Sunday.”

49 changing rapidly, according to recent visitors but not having been there in three years, we couldn’t say for certain that such was the case. However, scores of people saw Jeff Nix’s bouquet Saturday—and there are many, many colorful plots, which will pass Christmas in full bloom. —In fact, within a foot of the office windows at The Pioneer a full grown strawberry, red and ripe, is now visible. Mrs. C. W. Vail, who is proud of her garden there, still exhibits, chrysanthemums and several other varieties of flowers.” SKAMANIA COUNTY PIONEER, 13 April 1945, Local and Personal, “Mrs. Ira Foster of Portland and Mrs. Frank Richards of Salem, Oregon spent Friday evening with their mother, Mrs. Nora Nix. They also stopped to see their father, Jeff Nix at the Lakeview Nursing Home in No. Bonneville where he has been for several weeks with a fractured hip.” SKAMANIA COUNTY PIONEER, 5 October 1945, obituary, Heart Attack is Fatal to Jeff D. Nix, “Funeral services were held Sunday of Jefferson Davis Nix, a pioneer of the Stevenson community who passed away at the Bonneville Sanitarium on Friday. He had been a patient for several weeks and had been released to come home only a day or so prior to his death. A change in his condition resulted and he was again taken to the Sanitarium where he passed away. He came to Stevenson in 1892 and at his death was 83 years old. In 1892 he was married to Nora A. Bevens. Ten children were born to this marriage: Mrs. Ira Foster, Portland, Leroy Nix (deceased), Mrs. Frank E. Maine, Stevenson, Mrs. Frank Richards, Salem, Oregon; Arthur Nix of Waldport, Oregon; John (Buster) Nix, Stevenson, Mrs. Cornish Burt, Portland, Mrs. Larry Wade, Seattle, Mrs. Larry Silver, Portland and Mrs. Everett Douglas, Stevenson. Mr. Nix led a varied and colorful life having been a railroader and cowboy before coming to Stevenson and in 1895 he was the second sheriff of Skamania Co. Later he ran a scow boat on the Columbia River from Stevenson to The Dalles, Ore. In later years he followed timber work. July 24, 1933 he was married to Flora A. Foster. Mrs. Nix is the oldest pioneer in Skamania Co. Mr. Nix was laid to rest last Sunday in the IOOF Cemetery, many friends and relatives gathered to pay their last respects to one of their oldest pioneers.” 75 SKAMANIA COUNTY PIONEER, 12 October 1945, Card of Thanks, “We wish to express our thanks to our many friends for the kindly expressions of sympathy, for the beautiful floral offerings honoring the memory of our beloved Dad Jeff Nix. Mrs. Ira Foster, Mrs. Frank Maine, Mrs. Frank Richards, Mrs. Cornish Burt, Arthur Nix, John (Buster) Nix, Mrs. Larry Wall, Mrs. Larry Silver, Mrs. Everett Douglass.” iii. Mary8 Elizabeth Iman, “Merry,” b. 23 August 1857, at the Upper Cascades, Skamania Co. Washington; d. between 1860 and 1870. She is buried in the Iman Cemetery, Stevenson, Washington. She is aged three and living with her parents in the 1860 census of Skamania Co.

75 THE ENTERPRISE, White Salmon Washington, 9 May 2002, p. 20, ELLEN RICHARDS, “Funeral services for Ellen Richards, will be held Saturday, May 11, 2002, at 1 p.m. at Gardner's Chapel in Stevenson. Interment will follow at the Stevenson Cemetery. Services will be conducted by Chaplin Jan Schiering. Mrs. Richards was born April 11, 1901, the daughter of pioneers Jefferson and Nora (Bevans) Nix. Her father Jefferson Davis Nix came from the Dakotas in 1892, her mother Nora Ann from Iowa in 1889. She was one of 10 children, two of whom survive. Mrs. Richards attended school at Nelson Creek. She came from a musical family—she played the piano. Mrs. Richards was married on June 9, 1917, to Frank Lee Richards. He died on April 4, 1976. The couple were married 59 years. She was a housewife and mother and was very active in the Willard Women's Club. She enjoyed quilting, knitting, crocheting and sewing dresses for her girls. She was also an excellent cook. She was a member of Good Will of White Salmon Rebekah Lodge, she joined in 1962 and later transferred to Skamania Rebekahs. She served in all the chairs and was Noble Grand. She also received a "certificate of proficiency" for being found perfect in the unwritten work. Mrs. Richards is survived by her daughters Dorothy Biesanz, Carson, and June Larsen, Portland; son Frank Lee, Carson; sisters Dorothea Burt, Portland, Ore., and Nora Lorena (Lyda) Douglass, Stevenson; 14 grandchildren, 28 great-grandchildren, and 30 great, great-grand children; and many nieces and nephews. She was preceded in death by her husband Frank; daughter Phyllis Schroth, grand-daughter Kathie Biesanz Hastings, brothers Roy, Art and John (Buster), and sisters Horence, Edna, Arline and Marie.” Biesanz, Doroth y, Carson, WA 98610, (509)427-8325

50 iv. Elnora8 Supronia Iman, “Ellen,” “Nora,” b. May 1859, or 29 August 1859, 76 at the Upper Cascades, Skamania Co. Washington; d. between 1860 and 1870. She is buried in the Iman Cemetery, Stevenson, Washington . She is aged 11 months and living with her parents in the 1860 census of Skamania Co. v. Martha8 Luchada Iman, “Martha”, b. 28 March 1861, at the Upper Cascades, Skamania Co. Washington; d. 17 December 1948 at Stevenson, Skamania Co., of coronary thrombosis (heart attack), aged 87. 77 She was cremated at Riverview Abbey, Portland, Multnomah Co. Oregon. She was affectionately known as Aunt Martha. She was a housewife and lived all her life in the Columbia River Gorge (Stevenson, Washington and Cascade Locks, Oregon) except for a short time after the death of her husband, Malcolm H. McKinnon, when she went for a lengthy visit in the home of her daughter Georgia Halley at Beaverton, Washington Co. Oregon. 78 In her later years Martha lived in an old store front house at Stevenson, her brothers George and John Iman lived with her. Martha L. McKinnon signature from marriage license to Oscar Bevens, 1927. Martha L. Bevins signature as witness from marriage license of Jefferson Davis Nix to Flora A. Foster. SKAMANIA COUNTY PIONEER, Stevenson Washington, 24 December 1948, obituary, (calls her Mrs. Martha L. McKinnon and does not mention her second husband Oscar Bevans), Funeral Held Here Tuesday for Pioneer, “Funeral services were held here Tuesday for Mrs. Martha L. McKinnon, one of the first to be born in Cascades Territory, the name then attached to the Stevenson area. At her death she was 87 years 8 months of age, and had lived all her life in Stevenson and Cascade Locks, Oregon. She was the daughter of Felix G. and Margaret Windsor Iman who came to Stevenson with the first white settlers from the East. Her childhood memories included Indian raids and constant battles with nature to survive the more rugged winters of that day. In the early 1880’s she married the late Malcolm McKinnon of Cascade Locks and they resided in that town for several years. She was the mother of five children, three of whom survive. They are W. O. McKinnon of Cascade Locks, Maurice R. McKinnon of Portland, and Georgia Halley of Stevenson. One brother Albert O. Iman of Raymond and one sister Flora A. Nix of Stevenson, besides a host of nieces and nephews and a host of friends who called her Aunt Martha. Burial services were held from the Gardner Chapel in Stevenson at 1:30 Tuesday with Rev. Stephens officiating. The remains were taken to Portland for cremation.” Martha Luchada Iman married: 1) Malcolm 2 F. McKinnon, (William 1, MalcolmA, CharlesB), on 11 November 1880, in Wasco Co. Oregon;79 the son of William Malcolm McKinnon and Isabelle (Bailey); 80 b. 16 June 1850/51, in New York state; d.

76 Birth date May 1859 from 1860 census Skamania County, birth date of 29 August 1859 from family records of Tonnie Lundy Sr., Stevenson, Washington. 77 Death Certificate. 78 In 1922 Margaret Iman in MY ARRIVAL IN WASHINGTON IN 1852 stated that daughter Martha McKinnon then lived in Beaverton, Oregon. 79 Marriage records Wasco Co. Oregon, Book C, p. 317. 80 William Malcolm McKinnon (c1820-after 1888), son of Malcolm McKinnon Sr.; b. Pictou Co., Nova Scotia CANADA; d. possibly in Oregon. Married Isabelle (Bailey) (c1820-), c1850; b. New York, d. possibly at Oakland, Alameda Co. California. 1880 census Alameda Co. California, Oakland, District 1, p. 7B, sheet 14, no. 14-14, 825 C au--- Street: Isabell McKinnon, head, 60, keeps house, NY/ NY/ NY; Wm., 60, ship carpenter, NOVA SCOTIA/ NOVA SCOTIA/ NOVA SCOTIA. Family hearsay is that sometime after the 1880 census, and probably after the death of his wife Isabelle, William McKinnon moved to Oregon where he supposedly worked as a miner.

51 19 August 1921, at Stevenson, Skamania Co. Washington, of heart disease, aged 70.81 He is buried in the Iman Cemetery, Stevenson, Washington. Malcolm McKinnon’s father, William McKinnon, was a Catholic from Maxwelton, Pictou Co. Nova Scotia, CANADA. About 1849 the father William went to New York state, probably to find work, and there married Isabelle (Bailey), who was a Protestant. While living in New York William and Isabelle had a son whom they named Malcolm F. McKinnon, Malcolm being the name of William’s father. Not long afterward William with wife and child returned to the family home at Pictou, Nova Scotia. Once there William’s father, a fundamentalist Catholic, did not approve of his son’s marriage to a Protestant. Family hearsay is that the father asked the local Catholic church to annul the marriage. Because of this diagreeable situation William and Isabelle decided to return to America. For some unknown reason they left their son Malcolm F. with William’s father. Family tradition is that the grandfather was afraid William’s wife would raise Malcolm F. as a Protestant and so had insisted on keeping Malcolm F. in Nova Scotia where he would be raised as a Catholic. Whatever the reason Malcolm F. did not return to America with his parents. After returning to America it is presumed William and Isabell moved to California, as a William and Isabell McKinnon are found in the 1880 census of Oakland, Alameda Co. California. 82 Back in Nova Scotia Malcolm Sr. and Duncan McKinnon, a brother of William, continued to raise Malcolm F. About 1876 when Malcolm F. McKinnon was about 25 years old the grandfather Malcolm Sr. died. The grandfather left a will in which Malcolm F. was given a horse, $85 and the right to continue living with his Uncle Duncan in the grandfather’s house. The grandfather added in his will that if Malcolm F. continued to stay with his Uncle then he would have to share the horse for use on the farm, but if Malcolm F. ever decided to leave he would be allowed to take the horse with him. Not long after the grandfather died Malcolm F. did leave, and it is thought he may have gone to visit his parents in Oakland, California. Little is known about Malcolm F. McKinnon in California, but it is possible he may have been the Malcolm McKinnon who homesteaded 160 acres in Humboldt Co. in 1876, 83 although this has not been proven. From California, Malcolm went north to Wasco Co. Oregon , on the Columbia River, to the area which eventually became known as Cascade Locks, Wasco Co. Oregon. There in 1880 he took work as a saloon keeper in the hotel and bar of Josiah Townsend. ( Note: In 1881 Josiah Townsend’s brother James Townsend married Rosalia Iman, see p. 65.) Malcolm F. also lived as a boarder at the Townsend Hotel. After a few months Malcolm F. quit Townsend’s bar and with a Mr. Bothwick as partner opened his own saloon and grocery store in Wasco Co. Oregon.

1880 census Wasco Co. Oregon, Falls precinct, District 122, p. 254C, no. 31-33: TOWNSHEND Josiah W., 30, single, Hotel keeper, New Brunswick/ Maine/ blank FERRELL, Morris, 22, partner, single, cook, New Brunswick/ New B/ New B

Malcolm McKinnon Sr. (c1800-1876), son of Charles Duncan McKinnon; b. Pictou Co. Nova Scotia CANADA; d. Pictou Co. Nova Scotia. Children: i. William (c1820-after 1888), ii. Duncan and iii. Mary McKinnon. Charles Duncan McKinnon (c1764-). Came from ENGLAND to Pictou Co. Nova Scotia, CANADA in 1785. Married Mary (Chisholm). Served as a soldier in the 82nd Highland Regiment for which in 1784 he received a land grant in Pictou Co. Nova Scotia CANADA. About 1792 Charles sold his land grant to Thomas Copland and moved to Bailey’s Brook, Pictou Co. Children: i. Donald, ii. Malcolm (c1800-1876), iii. Alexander, iv. John, v. female and vi. female and vii. possibly a son Charles McKinnon. 81 Death Certificate. 82 See footnote Error: Reference source not found. 83 Bureau of Land Management records, California: Malcolm McKinnon, State California, 160 acres, issued 5 January 1876, document no. 2568. See website, http://www.glorecords.blm.gov/PatentSearch/ .

52 ABIGAH, Morgan B., 38, partner, single, dish washer, Maine/ Maine/ Maine PARR, Nicholas, 55, boarder, single, carpenter, Kentucky/ Kentucky/ Kentucky SMITH, James Z., 28, boarder, single, clerk in store, Oregon/ Kentucky/ England PETERS, Frank, 35, boarder, single, keeps saloon, HAMBURG/ HAMBURG / HAMBURG McCLELAN, Charles, 27, boarder, single, lumberman, SCOTLAND/ SCOTLAND / Maine NORRIS, John, 28, boarder, single, lumberman, IRELAND/ IRELAND / IRELAND SMITH, William, 26, boarder, single, machinist, Maryland/ ENG/ IRELAND HINTON, John W., 21, boarder, single, bartender, Kentucky/ Kentucky/ Kentucky  McKINNON, Malcolm, 29, boarder, single, keeps saloon, N York/ NOVA S/ SCOTLAND EDGAR, Alexander, 55, boarder, married, carpenter, New York/ Vermont/ NY BROWN, John G., 53, boarder, married, blacksmith, Ny/ IRELAND / IRELAND

While living in Wasco Co. Malcolm F. met and married Martha L. Iman. Her parents, Felix and Margaret Iman, lived in Skamania Co. Washington, just across the Columbia River from Wasco Co. Oregon. At the time the Iman daughters were about the only unmarried young women living in that area along the river. After they were married on 11 November 1880 Malcolm and wife Martha continued to live in Wasco Co. Not long after their marriage Malcolm gave up the saloon business, probably because Martha did not approve of it, and became a carpenter. During this time Malcolm also worked seasonally on the fish wheels of the Columbia River and on the scow boats that carried wood and supplies on the river between Cascade Locks and The Dalles. Malcolm F. inherited land in Nova Scotia for on 30 August 1899 Malcolm F. McKinnon and wife Martha L., then living in Cascade Locks, Wasco Co. Oregon, sold 16 acres for $120 to Malcolm’s uncle Duncan McKinnon, of Pictou, Nova Scotia. In 1915 Malcolm and wife Martha L., of Cascade Locks, Oregon again deeded land to Duncan’s son William McKinnon of Pictou Co. Nova Scotia.84

1900 census Wasco Co. Oregon, Falls precinct, e.d. 145, p. 5A, no. 97-98: McKinnon, Malcolm, head, born June 1851, 48, md. 19 yrs, New York/ CANADA (SCOT)/ SCOT, carpenter, can read/write, rents house Martha, wife, March 1861, 39, md. 19 yrs, 5 children 5 living, Washington/ Illinois/ Indiana, can read/write Burton, son, Aug 1881, 18, single, Oregon/ New York/ Washington, salmon fisherman, can read/write Otis, son, Nov 1883, 16, single, Oregon/ New York/ Washington, salmon fisherman, can read/write Georgia, daughter, Nov 1889, 10, Oregon/ New York/ Washington, at school, can read/write Morris, son, Sept 1893, 6, Oregon/ New York/ Washington, at school Beulah M., daughter, February 1900, 3 mos., Oregon/ New York/ Washington

SKAMANIA COUNTY PIONEER, Stevenson Washington, 2 March 1905, This Week’s Events, “Mr. and Mrs. M. McKinnon of Cascade Locks, were Stevenson visitors Tuesday.” (Note: Cascade Locks, Wasco Co. Oregon.) Sometime about 1910 Malcolm found work as a carpenter in Portland, Oregon and the McKinnon’s moved there. After a while they returned to their home in Cascade Locks, Oregon.

1910 census Multnomah Co. Oregon, St. John’s precinct, e.d. 111, sheet 4B, 221 Bassurds, no. 105-108:

84 Deed records Wasco Co. Oregon.

53 McKINNEN, M., 58, md. 30 yrs, New York/ E NG/ SCOT, carpenter – ship, rents house Marth L., wife, 48, md. 30 yrs, 5 children 5 living, Washington/ Illinois/ Indiana FLEMMING, Georgie, daughter, 20, single, Washington/ New York/ Washington Maurice, son, 16, Oregon/ New York/ Washington, lather house Bula, daughter, 10, Oregon/ New York/ Washington FLEMMING, Bartlet, grandson, 1, Oregon/ New York/ Washington About 1917 the McKinnons moved from Cascade Locks, Oregon to Stevenson, Skamania Co. Washington and there and for many years Malcolm had a shoemaker shop on Second Street. SKAMANIA COUNTY PIONEER, 3 March 1919, “M. McKinnon went to Newburg, Oregon Tuesday to visit his son.” Interview with Mrs. Frances Clifford of Milwaukie, Oregon, daughter of William Otis McKinnon and granddaughter of Malcolm and Martha McKinnon, 9 July 2001, “My father Otis McKinnon was in the construction business and in his later years worked as a night watchman. Because of my father’s construction work our family moved around Oregon and Washington a lot. There were nine children in our family, only three of us nine are still living, that is myself, my brother Roger McKinnon of Wenatchee, Washington and another brother Jack McKinnon of Vancouver, Washington. My grandfather was Malcolm McKinnon, he was from Nova Scotia, CANADA. We never knew anything about our grandfather in CANADA, but he came to Oregon at an early date and as far as I know never went back to CANADA— people in those days did not move around like they do now and once you settled down somewhere you just stayed there. When I was six, about 1919, my grandfather Malcolm came to live with us. We were living at Lewisville, Oregon then and I remember grandfather at that time as really sweet and physically short and stocky. At the time he had dropsy (congestive heart failure) and had come to live with us so my mother could care for him. Because of his dropsy and the resulting water retention he had also gained a lot of weight, in which case while living with us my mother was somehow able to get his weight down, so that he felt better. In those days I also remember how grandfather would comb my hair for school. Anyway grandfather stayed with us a couple of months, and he wanted to continue to stay with us, but my mother got pregnant and couldn’t care for him any more as she had been, and so it was decided to send grandfather back to his wife and home at Stevenson. Well grandfather didn’t want to leave and was angry that he was being sent back, so when he arrived at the railway station in Stevenson, he got off the train and instead of walking toward his house, he walked in the opposite direction! I guess he didn’t want to go because he liked being catered to, but then maybe there had been one of those quarrels too, because grandmother Martha was one of those very rugged very stern very strict women who kept a house so clean you could eat off the wood floor. She was a solemn not a happy-go-lucky woman who liked to control— you didn’t dare sit on her feather bed, you didn’t bother her when she was cooking, she always insisted on washing her own dishes and wouldn’t let anyone else touch her dishes—so maybe grandfather had become tired of her rules and wanted to get away. Anyway grandfather went home. Then a year or so later he died when he had a stroke and fell off the back porch. — After grandfather’s death, grandmother continued to live in the big house she and grandfather rented at Stevenson. I don’t think they had ever owned a house, or a car for that matter, they walked a lot in those days, but then if you really needed to go somewhere there were trains, or someone had a car. The house they rented had no electricity and was lighted only by coal oil lamps. The house was down near the railroad, east of the train station, in the old part of Stevenson, but near the courthouse and not far from the Columbia river. If you’ve ever been to Stevenson it’s a beautiful place, lots of fresh air and clean water. I guess in those days before the dam (Bonneville Dam) was built

54 the rapids right there on the river made a lot of ozone too – that clean after- a-rain smell in the air. Anyway after grandfather died grandmother lived alone and had a small flock of chickens and when she felt good she would kill a chicken and make her delicious chicken and syrup dumplings. Yes grandmother was a good cook, things like hamburgers and potatoes. I also remember very often grandmother’s sister Flora Foster, Aunt Flo, would come over to visit and grandmother and Aunt Flo would sit and talk about when they were children back in the old days of the Indians, or they’d sit and make quilts together, grandmother loved to make quilts and she made lots of them. Although grandmother really never lived more than ten miles from where she was born it’s amazing that she lived through so much development from the Indian times to modern America. — Many years after the death of my grandfather Malcolm, my grandmother became lonely and one day she suddenly married Oscar Bevens, one of the local guys. I guess he was lonely too and the marriage was a big surprise to everyone. But very quickly grandmother and Oscar did not get along very well and so the marriage didn’t last long. Grandmother was always tall and thin and died in her sleep of old age. She was close to all her brothers and sisters, but was especially close to her brother Louis Iman and sister Flora.”

1920 census Benton Co. Oregon, Corvallis, e.d. 7, p. 14A, no. 262-273: McKinnon, W. O., head, rents house, 35, can read/write, Oregon/ New York/ Washington, foreman rock crusher Georgia, wife, 30, can read/write, Oregon/ Vermont/ Oregon William O., son, 11, can read/write, at school, Oregon/ Oregon/ Oregon Grace E., daughter, 9, can read/write, at school, Oregon/ Oregon/ Oregon Malcolm H., son, 8, at school, Oregon/ Oregon/ Oregon Frances M., daughter, 6, Oregon/ Oregon/ Oregon Richard D., son, 4, Oregon/ Oregon/ Oregon  Malcolm, father, 68, married, New York/ NOVA SCOTIA/ SCOTLAND, no occupation 1920 census Multnomah Co. Oregon, Precinct 50 (Portland), e.d. 22, p. 3A, Lacehill Street, no. — 450: MacKinnon, Maurice, head, rents house, 27, single, can read/write, Oregon/ New York/ Washington, boiler maker ship yard Beulah, sister, 19, single, can read/write, New York/ Washington, waitress dairy lunch  Martha L., mother, 58, married, can read/write, Washington/ Illinois/ Indiana, no occupation

On 3 June 1921, the McKinnon’s son, Burton, died. SKAMANIA COUNTY PIONEER, 3 June 1921, Obituary, “Burton Malcolm McKinnon, died at Pendleton, Ore., May 28, 1921, at the age of 39 years, 8 months and 29 days. He was the son of Mr. and Mrs. Malcolm MacKinnon of Stevenson, and was born at Cascade Locks, Ore. Besides a father and mother he leaves three brothers and one sister. Interment was held at the private cemetery near Stevenson Tuesday afternoon.” A couple of months after the death of Burton, Malcolm McKinnon died. SKAMANIA COUNTY PIONEER, 26 August 1921, obituary, “Malcolm McKinnon died at the family home Friday evening. He was sitting on the porch when the final summons came. Mr. McKinnon was 70 years of age and had lived at Stevenson about 40 years. He was a carpenter by trade, but for many years conducted a shoemaker shop on Second street. He leaves a wife, four children and several grandchildren. Burial was Sunday at the family cemetery on Rock creek.” SKAMANIA COUNTY PIONEER, 20 July 1928, Our Neighbors, “Mr. and Mrs. W. O. McKinnon and family participated in a family reunion at Cascade Locks last Sunday. Relatives from Modesto, Cal., and Portland were present. There were 26 in all.”

55 After the death of her husband Martha McKinnon continued to live at Stevenson, Washington, although at times she went to stay in the homes of her children.

1930 census Washington Co. Oregon, e.d. 34-7, sheet 3B: HALLEY, Vincent, head, owns house, 42, age at 1st md. 29, can read/write, Nebraska/ Ireland/ Germany, salesman washing machines Georgia, wife, 40, age at 1st md. 26, can read/write, Oregon/ New York/ Washington  McKINNON, Martha, mother-in-law, 69, widow, can read/write, Washington/ Illinois/ Indiana

SKAMANIA COUNTY PIONEER, 31 March 1939, “Mrs. Martha L. McKinnon was given a birthday party at her home Tuesday evening. Among those present were: Mr. and Mrs. Amos Royce, Mr. and Mrs. Lew Iman, Mr. and Mrs. Jack Reno, Mr. and Mrs. Elton Main, Albert Main, Mrs. Nama Munch, Mrs. Gladys Manning and two children, Royce and Arley, Russ Hazelton, William Iman, Hershel Royce, Mr. and Mrs. Elton Manning and baby, Mrs. Sarah Akerill and Mrs. Emma Garwood.” SKAMANIA COUNTY PIONEER, Stevenson Washington, 31 March 1939, “Mr. and Mrs. Jack Reno, Mrs. M. L. McKinnon and Mrs. Lew Iman were visitors in Bingen last week.” Children of Malcolm McKinnon and Martha Luchada (Iman): i. Burton4 (1881-1921), ii. William Otis “Otis” (1884-1958), iii. Georgia (1889-1969), iv. Maurice R. (1893-1966) and v. Beulah M. (1900-before 1921) McKinnon.85 Martha Luchada Iman married: 2) Oscar5 Bevans (Bevens), “Os”, (William F.4, James F.3, John Brown 2, John1), on 16 July 1927, in Clark Co. Washington;86 son of William F. Bevens and Samantha Ellen (Walton); 87 b. 8 May

85 Notes on children of Malcolm McKinnon and Martha Luchada (Iman): i. Burton McKinnon (1881-1921). SKAMANIA COUNTY PIONEER, 3 June 1921, Obituary, “Burton Malcolm McKinnon, died at Pendleton, Ore., May 28, 1921, at the age of 39 years, 8 months and 29 days. He was the son of Mr. and Mrs. Malcolm MacKinnon of Stevenson, and was born at Cascade Locks, Ore. Besides a father and mother he leaves three brothers and one sister. Interment was held at the private cemetery near Stevenson Tuesday afternoon.” ii. William Otis McKinnon (1884-1958); b. Cascade Locks, Oregon; d. Portland, Multnomah Co. Oregon. Married Gertrude (——) (c1890-). Lived Corvallis, Oregon. Children: i. William O. Jr. (1909-), ii. Grace E. (c1911-), iii. Malcolm H. (c1912-), iv. Frances M. (c1914-living 2002), v. Richard D., (c1916-), vi. Roger and vii. Kenneth McKinnon. iii. Georgia McKinnon, “Georgie” (1889-1969); b. Cascade Locks, Wasco Co. Oregon ; d. Cupertino, Santa Clara Co. California. Georgia married 1) — Fleming. Had son Bartlett (c1909- 1999) Fleming (d. Santa Cruz, California). Georgia married 2) Vincent Halley (c1888-1941). They lived Portland, Oregon. From Florence McDonald, a distant McKinnon cousin, “I guess Georgie and her mother Martha had a difficult time getting along. Georgie landed home one time with boxes etc. and Martha was a fairly neat and clean lady. This did not sit well with Martha. Georgie was married at least twice and maybe three times.” iv. Maurice R. McKinnon (1893-1966), his name is often spelled MacKinnon; b. Cascade Locks, Oregon, d. Klickitat Co. Washington. Married Nina (——) (c1898-), c1920. In 1930 they lived Visitacion Valley, San Mateo Co. California. Had son Raymond McKinnon (lives 2002 Stevenson, Washington). v. Beulah M. McKinnon (1900-living 1921). Married ——. She died of tuberculosis as an adult. Not known who she married, but she had a daughter Anne. 86 Marriage records Clark Co. Washington. 87 Notes on Bevans ancestors from Jerry L. Sanner - P.O. Box 2022, Aiea, Hawaii 96701. E-mail address (2002): [email protected] . Also see Bevans website (2002): http://www.sun-bird.com/quaker/bevans/index.html The father of Oscar Bevens was William 4 Bevans (1834–1890), son of James 3 F. Bevans. William Bevans, b. 1834, Highland Co. Ohio, moved to Peoria Co. Illinois c1839 with his parents and to Marion Co. Iowa in 1855. Married Samantha E. (Walton), on 1 July 1858, in Marion Co. Iowa, daughter of Henry and Sarah Walton. Samantha was b. 6 February 1839, in Peoria Co. Illinois. About 1870, after a few years in Marion Co., the family moved to Des Moines Co. Iowa but also lived for some time in Washington Co. Iowa. About 1879 they moved to Barber Co. Kansas, living

56 1875 (WWI draft registration, b. 18 May 1875), in Benton township, Des Moines Co. Iowa; 88 d. 6 January 1942, at Stevenson, Skamania Co. Washington, aged 66. 89 He is buried next to his first wife Daisy (Taylor) in the I.O.O.F. Cemetery, Stevenson, Washington. Oscar Bevans was a laborer, and lived at Stevenson except for a few years spent at Walla Walla, Washington. He was also drafted into World War I. At the time of the draft he was serving time in Walla Walla State Prison, Walla Walla, Washington. His draft card notes he had straight brown hair and slate eyes, medium height and medium build. Martha Iman was his third wife. (See photograph of Oscar Bevens, “The boys gather at Lew Iman’s Headquarters Saloon”, p. Error: Reference source not found.)

near Medicine Lodge, Kansas for about 10 years. The family moved to Skamania Co. Washington in 1889. William died in 1890, in Skamania Co., and Samantha d. 2 January 1916, at Stevenson, Skamania Co. Both are buried in the I.O.O.F. cemetery, Stevenson. 1885 census, Barber Co. Kansas, Kiowa twp.: William Bevans, 51, Ohio; Samantha E., 45, Ohio; Hattie May, 17, Iowa; William, 13, Iowa; Laburton, 11, Iowa; Oscar, 9, Iowa; Nora, 7, Iowa; Cora, 5, Kansas; John, 2, Kansas. SKAMANIA COUNTY PIONEER, Stevenson Washington, 11 January 1917, obituary, Samantha Ellen Bevans, “Died, at the home near this city, on Tuesday, January 2, 1916, Mrs. Samantha Bevans. Mrs. Bevans was born February 6, 1839, at Peoria, Illinois. She came to the state of Washington with her husband and family in 1889, and made her home in Stevenson ever since except for a year or two which she spent in Portland with some of her children. Her husband William Bevans, died in 1890, and she has since lived a widow. She is survived by nine children, five sons and four daughters. She had 38 grandchildren living and 7 great grandchildren. The old Bevans home was on the Columbia River just east of Stevenson, but it was sold at the time the North Bank railroad was being built, the house having been torn down to make room for the railroad. The place does not look much like it did when the family lived there. But the deceased lady lived there, saw the city of Stevenson start, waver a while as if to see whether it should live or die, and finally take a start and grow to its present proportions. When she first came here this was a decidedly frontier community, no railroads, wagon roads, stores or business houses of any kind. Travel was by small boat or steamboat, and the nearest trading point was Cascade Locks with The Dalles as the banking center and the place where most of the business was done. She lived to see many changes in the community, state and died full of years and honors surrounded by her children and grandchildren. She was laid to rest Thursday afternoon at the old home place where several members of the family were already buried. Children of William Bevans and Samantha E. (Walton): i. Alvardo E. (1860–), ii. Katie Klide (1862–), iii. Laura Bell (1868–), iv. Hattie May (1868–), v. William F. Jr. (1872–), vi. Laburton “Bert” (1873–1917), vii. Oscar (1875-1942), viii. Nora A. (1877–1950), married Jefferson Davis Nix, (Jefferson Nix and Nora Bevans divorced and he married as his second wife Flora Adelia Iman, see p. 42), ix. Cora Maude (1879–1892) (Cora fell off a big rock near the I.O.O.F. Cemetery, Stevenson, where she was later interred, age 12 years) and x. John Wade (1883–) (Wade Bevans b. Barber Co. Kansas, married Ruby Foster, on 24 May 1905, in Skamania Co. Washington, daughter of Isaac Ira Foster and Flora Adelia [Iman], see footnote Error: Reference source not found). James 3 F. Bevans (1811–1889), son of John 2 Brown Bevans Sr., b. Fayette Co. Pennsylvania; d. Elmwood, Peoria Co. Illinois. Married Mary Grady (1811–), on 24 May 1832, in Highland Co. Ohio. She b. Ohio. They were residents of Elmwood, Peoria Co. Illinois before moving to Washington and Marion Cos. Iowa. From there they moved to Des Moines Co. Iowa, and purchased lot no. 133 in the town of Kossuth on 3 June 1870 for $150.00. From there James and Mary with sons William and Charles and daughter Mary (d. 1878) went to Barber Co. Kansas. Afterward they returned to Elmwood, Illinois. Mary (Grady) was originally buried in the Old Kiowa cemetery, but when the Kiowa Cemetery was destroyed to make farmland some of the early day settlers dug up the graves and moved them to the New Liberty Cemetery. Mary’s grave is now in New Liberty Cemetery, her tombstone reads, | Mary Bevans | wife of James F. Bevans |.” 1850 census Peoria Co. Illinois, Elmwood twp., no. 2195-2249: James Bevans, 39, PA; Mary, 39, OH. 1860 census, Marion Co., Iowa, Lake Prairie twp., p. 635 ( Note: all three families live next to each other): James F. Bevans, 48, Pennsylvania; Mary, 48, Ohio; James M. 17, Illinois; John W., 15, Illinois; Asher P., 12, Illinois; Chynthia, 10, Illinois; Harriet L., 8, Illinois. William Bevans, 25, Ohio; Samantha E., 29, Ohio; Alanzo, 5 months old, Iowa. Andrew W. Fox, 35, Ohio, blacksmith; Margaret, 25, Ohio; Susan, 10, Illinois; Mary E., 5, Iowa. (Note: Margaret Fox — daughter of James F. Bevans.) ELMWOOD GAZETTE, Peoria Illinois, 18 April 1889, obituary, James F. Bevans, “Died at the residence of Enock Dalton, at Elba Center, Knox co., Friday, April 12, 1889, of heart trouble, Mr. James F. Bevans, in his 78th year. Funeral services were held in the M. E. church at Elmwood, on

57 Oscar Bevan’s parents lived in Des Moines Co. Iowa until they moved to Medicine Lodge, Barber Co. Kansas in 1880. In 1889 the Bevans family came to Skamania Co. Washington and settled a mile north of the present day town of Stevenson. SKAMANIA COUNTY PIONEER, 8 November 1901, Personal Mention, “Oscar Bevins was in Friday from Nelson Creek.” (Nelson Creek was the homestead of the Bevans family, and northeast of Steveson, Skamania Co. Washington.) Oscar Bevans was 5’ 9” tall, and as an adult usually weighed 175 pounds. He was brought up with four sisters and 2 brothers. Some years later one of the brothers fell out of a tree and was killed. It is said Oscar’s father, William Bevans, had an alcoholic problem. Oscar attended school to the fourth grade. At the age of 15 he left home to find work. Most of his adult Saturday afternoon and the remains were buried in the Graham Chapel burying grounds, Rev. Mr. Metcalf officiating. Deceased was born in Fayette county, Pennsylvania, December 21, 1811, and removed to Highland co., Ohio, in 1815, remaining there until the year 1838 when he moved to Peoria co., Illinois, and commenced to improve a farm on section 21 in this township, where he lived until 1865,*, when he sold out and removed to Pella, Iowa. He has also lived in Kansas and Missouri, but came back to Elmwood, March 19 last, and has been making his home with Mr. J. [Jasper] Ewalt. The deceased was the eldest of a family of twelve children, all of whom survive him except one sister that died when she was 20 years of age. Mrs. Hanna Ewalt of Elmwood and Mrs. John Troth of Southport are sisters of the deceased. His other sisters and brothers live in Iowa.” (Note: should be 1855, not 1865.) Children of James 3 F. Bevans and Mary (Grady): i. Cyrus (1833–d. in Civil War), married Susanna Walton, lived Marion Co. near Pella, Iowa; ii. William 4 F. (1834–), married Samantha E. Walton, 1 July 1858, Marion Co. Iowa; iii. Margaret (1835–), married Andrew Fox, 20 May 1852, Peoria Co. Illinois; iv. Charles (1838–), b. Indiana, married Sarah Ellen Grubb, 24 January 1867; v. Nancy (1841–), living in Marion Co. Iowa in 1856; vi. James M. (1843–), b. Illinois, enlisted Iowa 25 t h Infantry Co. F on 2 August 1862 in Washington Co. Iowa; vii. John W. (Webster) (1845–), b. Illinois, married Sadie Conn, 25 December 1902, Marion Co., Iowa; viii. Asher P. (1848–), b. Illinois, married Margaret Irvin; ix. Chynthia (1850–), b. Illinois; x. Harriet L. (1852–), b. Illinois, married Orville Meacham, 25 December 1869, Des Moines Co. Iowa. ( Note: an Eliza Ann Bevans married Griffy Childers, 14 July 1855, Marion Co. Iowa—who is she?) John 2 Brown Bevans (1790-1865), Jr., son of John 1 Bevans; b. Fayette Co. Pennsylvania. Moved to Highland Co. Ohio in 1815 and purchased land near Lynchburg. Married 1) Margaret Frost, in Highland Co. Ohio. In 1838 the family moved to Peoria Co. Illinois and settled near Elmwood. Margaret (Frost) Bevans d. c1838. Children of John 2 Brown and 1) Margaret (Frost) Bevans: i. James 3 F. (1811–), b. in Pennsylvania, married Mary Grady; ii. Phoebe (1813–), b. in Pennsylvania, married John Troth; iii. Hannah (1817–), b. in Ohio, married William D. Ewalt; iv. A. B. (1818–), b. in Ohio; v. Henry Smith F. (1822–), b. in Ohio, married Margaret Ann Prosser; vi. daughter, name not known, b. Ohio, d. age 20; vii. Nancy F. (1824–), b. in Ohio, married James G. Umphrey, in Peoria Co. Illinois; viii. Arzy B. (1826–), b. in Ohio, married Julia Criger; ix. Cynthia Ann (1829–1892), b. in Ohio, d. Louisa Co. Iowa, married Josiah Enke; x. Ellen (c1831–), b. in Ohio, married Peter Seltzer; xi. Delilah (1832–), married John Stafford, on 27/9 August 1850 and xii. Elizabeth Bevans (1834–), b. in Ohio, married John Mellinger, on 22 October 1852, in Peoria Co. Illinois. John 2 Brown Bevans married 2) Mrs. Nancy (Hays) Dalton, on 3 July 1849, in Knoxville, Knox Co. Illinois, daughter of Pleasant Hays and widow of Reuben Dalton, whom she married 24 November 1836, Knox Co. Illinois, (Knox Co. Marriages, Bk. 1, p. 6). Reuben Dalton d. 15 June 1845, Yates City, Illinois. Reuben married 1) Alpha Reed, 17 October 1829, Highland Co. Ohio. John and Nancy Bevans last deed recorded in Peoria Co. Illinois, 23 September 1840 (Peoria Co. Illinois Deed Bk. 8, p. 255). In Louisa Co. Iowa John and Nancy his wife, sold 10 acres of section 35, twp. 76, to John F. Bevans in 1856 for $400.00. In 1855, the family moved to Washington Co. and then to Mahaska Co. Iowa. John was a prominent worker for the Methodist Episcopal Church. He d. in 1865, probably in Iowa. Afterward Nancy returned to Elmwood, Illinois, by 1870, where she lived with her children. Nancy Bevans d. 24 December 1891, aged 73 years. Burial in the Elmwood cemetery, Elmwood, Peoria Co. Illinois. BEVANS in bold lettering appears at the base of the stone. Nancy is of record as the purchaser of the gravesite. 1880 census Elba twp. Peoria Co. Illinois, living in Avery Dalton home (she is listed as his mother): Nancy Bevans, age 61, b. Ohio/ Pennsylvania/ Virginia. Children of John 2 Brown and 2) Nancy (Hays) Bevans: xiii. John C. W. (1850–probably d. before 1860), b. in Illinois; xiv. Imay (1854–), b. in Illinois and xv. Mary Ann Bevans (1857–), b. in Illinois, married Josiah Fink Wilson, in Peoria Co., Illinois. John 1 Bevans (1757-c1835); b. Wales ENGLAND. Came from Wales to America in 1785 with his brothers, Robert and Silas Bevan. Settled first at Maryland but later moved to Fayette Co. Pennsylvania. Married Sarah (——) (1761-1838), her maiden name not known but probably one of the names often used by descendants as a first name, i.e. Asher, Parker or Brown. John 1 Bevan and family are listed in the 1790 census of Fayette Co. Pennsylvania, Manallen twp., also in the 1800 census of Fayette Co. Pennsylvania, Union twp. and the 1810 census of Fayette Co. Pennsylvania. On 28 August 1815 John Bevans bought land in Highland Co. Ohio (Highland Co. Ohio Deeds Bk.

58 life he worked in the logging industry around the state of Washington. He later owned a team of horses with which he did various farming and hauling jobs. He had a deviated septum of the nose and a scar on his knee caused by an axe wound. In 1902 he got a case of gonorrhea. In 1906 he had smallpox. In 1910 he was kicked by a horse and had several ribs broken. In February 1918 Oscar Bevans was arrested for adultery with an unknown woman in Skamania Co. Washington. Oscar Bevans said (as stated in his prison record), “Met this woman first when I boarded with her. Then she came up to Stevenson where I boarded with her again while the (logging) camp was running. The other evening I got drunk and on the way home, passed her gate, must have fallen down there. She came out and pulled me into her cabin. When I awoke in the morning, partly sobered up, I was lying on the floor, covered up with quilts. I had my pants on. There was only one room in the cabin, and her bed was there also. I did not sleep with her. I don’t remember anything until I awoke. The officers arrested me there in the morning.” After his arrest for adultery Oscar pleaded guilty, for some reason, to the charge. Letters were written by friends on his behalf stating no crime had been committed and that the crime had been made out of spite by those “seeking to protect their own necks.” At the time of the alleged adultery Oscar was married to his second wife, Mamie Tapor (or Taylor). On 14 February 1918 Oscar was sentenced to Walla Walla State Penitentiary, Walla Walla, Washington for adultery. His sentence was to be “not less than 6 months and not more than two years.” His inmate number was 8472. The prison record states that he had an “excessive” alcohol problem since the age of 16, and was a heavy user of tobacco from the age of 14. While in prison Oscar’s second wife, Mamie Tapor, filed for a divorce in Yakima Co. Washington. Monroe Vallett, who had been married to Emily May Iman, tried to help Oscar get a parole. Vallett wrote letters to the parole board offering to act as Oscar’s sponsor. On 3 October 1918 a parole was granted. Oscar had served a total of nine months in prison. According to the parole records he was to be paroled for one year. He reported to his parole board that during his parole he had bought a team of horses and had employed himself by hauling logs, digging potatoes, farming and putting up hay. Even so over the years Oscar continued to have problems with alcohol... SKAMANIA COUNTY PIONEER, 5 September 1925, “Oscar Bevans got outside of a tank of moonshine last week and the sheriff invited him up to the jail. Judge Gray his honor taxed him for $8.50 and sent him back to jail for seven days.” On 9 June 1936 Oscar Bevans was arrested in Walla Walla, Washington for public intoxication. He was fined ten dollars. Unfortunately the marriage of Oscar Bevens to Martha McKinnon was not happy, he drank all the time and was irresponsible. Nobody could understand why they got married, Martha was tidy to the point of being immaculate and Oscar is remembered by family members as either the town drunk or a drunken slob. Some said it was loneliness. Even so the union had little chance of surviving, Very quickly, almost as soon as it had started, the marriage ended. After the break-up it is said Martha and Oscar never spoke

2 , p. 99). From the HISTORY OF HIGHLAND COUNTY OHIO, “ When John Bevans arrived in the area he erected a large two-story log cabin. The family were staunch Methodists and invited the congregation to meet in the their homes. The home, located near the log Baptist Church, was used from 1825 to 1830.” John and Sarah Bevans both d. Highland Co. Ohio. Children: i. William (1784–), ii. Robert (1788–), iii. John Brown (1790–1865), married 1) Margaret Frost, 20 Nancy Hays, iv. Elizabeth (1793–), v. Ann (1795–), vi. Sarah (1796–), vii. Delilah (1802–), viii. Rebecca (1803–), ix. Andrew (1806–1833); x. Asher; xi. Hannah and xii. daughter (name not known) Bevans. Most of the descendants of John 1 Bevan migrated to Peoria Co. Illinois and settled near Elmwood. 88 His birthplace stated on his marriage certificate to Mamie Tapor. 89 Death certificate.

59 to each other again. It is also said that for reasons unknown they never bothered to legally divorce. Their obituaries do not mention each other. Interview with Virginia Brown, granddaughter of Flora (Iman) Foster Nix, 12 January 2003, “We lived at Stevenson and I do remember when I was little probably 5 or 6 years (about 1940) that “Os”, as our family called Oscar Bevans, came to our house drunk one day. My Mom saw him coming in time and ran into the house and pushed a chest of drawers against the front door and pulled the drawers out in the kitchen to bar entry into our house. Well Os banged and banged on the front door and there was no answer. Finally he got tired of banging so he walked on down the street and caught Glen and Thelma Bevans and family at home. They were not so lucky to avoid the visit! They used to laugh about that with my parents. I probably would not have recalled this except that it was unusual to see my mother moving furniture and I had never seen her so anxious about not letting someone in. Funny the things one remembers.” Ruth Shawcross, granddaughter of Flora Adelia (Iman) Foster, recalls, “No matter how drunk Oscar Bevans got he was always respectful of women. If he was walking down the street totally smashed and a woman walked by he would always stop, lean against the wall with his head bowed down and wait until she had passed.” The death of Oscar Bevens was caused by smoking and drinking in bed. He fell asleep while smoking and his burning cigarette caught the bed and then the house on fire. He was severely burned while trying to escape out of a bedroom window and died within a few moments after being rescued. Only two months before his previous house had burned down for the same reasons. From Jack Moore, great grandson of Flora Adelia (Iman) Foster, “I recall my brother Jeff telling me that Oscar had had another fire before the one that killed him. And there was also a story that Oscar was involved or knew details about those involved in the robbery of Oscar’s brother John Wade Bevans. John Wade Bevans had accquired a sizeable amount of money and one night was robbed and beaten. Wade Bevans had been unable to see the culprits but apparently Oscar knew who they were. The story was that Oscar would talk too much and the other people involved in the robbery decided it was time to shut Oscar up permanently, thus the cause of the first fire.” SKAMANIA COUNTY PIONEER, Stevenson Washington, 9 January 1942, Pioneer Resident Trapped by Flames, Burned to Death , Body of Oscar Bevens Pulled from Window of Doomed House by Neighbor , “Pulled from his blazing home after his clothing had been burned from his body, the body of Oscar Bevans was found lifeless by fireman who reached the scene early Tuesday morn to extinguish the flames and leave a charred mass where the two room house had stood. Bevans a pioneer resident of Stevenson had lived alone in the place ever since losing a similar house by fire 2 months ago. The house owned by E. R. Swain is located less than 200 ft. from the Columbia River. The flames were discovered by neighbors, Mr. and Mrs. Frank Easley, and before summoning the firemen Easley went across the street to find the entire front part of the place held in flames. Going around the house, he discovered Bevans, who was leaning out of a rear window, too far gone to make sound, but apparently still struggling to extricate himself. Easley dragged him from the house but could not lift him enough to take him from the flames. According to Easley and Coroner R. M. Wright who came to the scene, Bevans body was badly blistered and showed indication of having been badly burned before he could reach the window from which he hoped to make his escape. The entrance to the house was from the front room and his chances of escape from a trip were limited. Fireman ran a line of hose for a block to reach the house but succeeded only in saving the frame work and part of the roof and siding. The 30 mile east wind which was blowing handicapped the fireman and considering the start which the blaze had before they arrived their work was considered almost a miracle. The Gardner undertaking ambulance was called and Bevans body was taken to the undertaking parlors. Mr. Bevans was the son of a Skamania Co. pioneer

60 family, his parents being Mr. and Mrs. William Bevans. They located in this area in 1889. The father passing away a year later. The family remained here several years, when the mother passed away. The children of Oscar Bevans are Raymond Bevens of Lowden, Washington, a daughter Miss Della Bevens of Spokane and Mrs. Laura Warner, whose present address was not known, and Herman Bevens, deceased. There were four grandchildren as follows: Norma and Carmen, daughters of Herman Bevans and Debora and Lois, daughters of Raymond Bevans. Oscar Bevans was born in Kansas on May 8, 1875. He came to this county with his parents and resided in or near Stevenson since his arrival. He was a competent woodsman, but during recent years, he busied himself with odd jobs, continuing to make his home alone since the death of his wife. 90 One brother and two sisters survive the deceased. They are Mrs. Nora Nix, Stevenson; Bruce Bevans, Portland and Mrs. Katherine McDonald of California. Funeral Services were held from the Gardner Chapel yesterday afternoon.” SKAMANIA COUNTY PIONEER, 12 October 1945, Card of Thanks, “We wish to acknowledge with sincere thanks the kind expression of sympathy and flowers from all our friends during our sorrow. Mr. and Mrs. Raymond Bevans, Mr. Bruce Bevans, Laura Warner, Nora Nix and family.” Oscar Bevens and Martha (Iman) had no children. Oscar Bevens married: 1) Daisy Taylor, (Dempsey, Dennis, Britton, Richard, Cornelius orDaniel), on 1 August 1898, at Stevenson, Skamania Co. Washington, 91 the daughter of Dempsey Taylor and Louanna (or Luanna, Louina) (Johnson). 92 She was b. 1

90 The wife referred to in the obituary is probably his first wife Daisy Taylor. 91 Marriage records Skamania Co. Washington. 92 Dempsey Taylor was also the appraiser of the estate of Felix Grundy Iman . Dempsey Taylor (1840-1923), son of Dennis Taylor; b. Letcher Co. Kentucky, d. Stevenson, Skamania Co. Washington, buried I.O.O.F. Cemetery, Stevenson. Married Louanna (or Luanna, Louina) (Johnson) (1847-1928), on 18 February 1866, at Concordia, Cloud Co. Kansas, daughter of Levi Johnson and Loranza (Hall). Louanna b. Letcher Co. Kentucky, d. Oroville, Washington. SKAMANIA COUNTY PIONEER, Stevenson Washington, 22 March 1923, Civil War Veteran Answers Last Roll Call, “Dempsey Taylor, resident of this community for 34 years, died at the hospital Friday evening, March 16, after an illness of two weeks, cause of death being bronchitis. — Dempsey Taylor was born in Kentucky March 13, 1840, being 83 years and three days old at the time of his death. He came to Stevenson with his family November 5, 1889, and leaves one sister, five sons, two daughters and grandchildren. — Mr. Taylor was a veteran of the Civil war, having fought in battles up to the finish of the campaign. He was also a member of company C, 1st battalion, Kansas state militia, that waged war against the Indians, and fought the Comanche, Cheyenne, Kiowa and Arapahoe tribes for several years under Capt. Sanders. — Funeral services were held Monday under auspices of the Masonic order, of which he has been a member for 41 years.” SKAMANIA COUNTY PIONEER, 10 February 1928, Mrs. Lienanna Taylor Passes Away Saturday, “The death of Mrs. Lienanna Taylor, of Stevenson, occurred at the home of her son George at Oroville, Washington, Saturday morning February 4, 1928, at the age of 80 years, six months and twenty-five days. — Lienanna Johnson was born in Lutcher County, Kentucky, May 9, 1847. She was married to Dempsey Taylor in Concordia, Cloud Co. Kansas, February 18, 1866. To this union were born ten children, seven of whom survive: Delia Kee and Daisy Christensen of Stevenson, Washington’ Mick, Dennis, and Walter Taylor of Canada; George Taylor of Oroville, Washington and Isaac Taylor of Camas, Washington. Beside these sons and daughters, there are left to mourn her departure a son-in-law Sam Richards, of Carson, Washington and a large number of grandchildren and many friends. — Mr. and Mrs. Taylor with their family moved to Skamania county October 5th, 1889. Mr. Taylor died March 16, 1925. He was a member of the Masonic Lodge in Stevenson. — Funeral services were held Tuesday, February 7, at 2:00 p.m. from the Methodist Episcopal church of Stevenson the pastor, Rev. J. C. Lawrence, conducting the services. Members of the local Masonic Lodge assisted with music and as pallbearers. Interment took place in the I.O.O.F. cemetery here.” 1850 census Greene Co. Missouri, Porter twp., p. 298A, no. 810-810: Denis Taylor, 38, NC; Susan, 32, Ky; Dempsey, 10, female, Ky; Knot M., 8, Ky; John, 7, Ky; Dennis, 3, Mo; Abel W., 1, Mo. (Dennis Taylor married Susan Richardson, 18 May 1839, in Whitley Co. Kentucky.) 1860 Christian Co. Missouri, Polk twp. p. 504B and 505A,: Dennis Taylor, 47, farmer, NC; Susan, 40, Ky; Dempsey, 20, male, Ky; Wilkin, 19, Ky; Jno, 17, Ky; Dennis, 14, Ky; William, 13, Ky; Elizabeth, 10, Mo; Nancy, 8, Mo; Eliza, 5, Mo; Green, 2, Mo. 1870 census Cloud Co. Kansas, Sibley twp.: Dempson Taylor. 1880 census Cloud Co. Kansas, Sibley twp, p. 168C: Dempsey Taylor.

61 February 1881, in Butler Co. Kansas; 93 d. 27 July 1939, at Stevenson, Skamania Co. Washington, aged 58. She is buried next to Oscar Bevens in the I.O.O.F. Cemetery, Stevenson, Washington. Her tombstone reads, | Daisy Allen Bevans | 1881–1939 | MOTHER |. She lived in a ramshackle cabin where the Stevenson High School now stands, about two miles north of Stevenson. Oscar Bevans and Daisy (Taylor) divorced. Before coming to Washington the parents of Oscar and Daisy had both lived in Barber Co. Kansas. It is not known if the families knew each other there.

1900 census Skamania Co. Washington, Stevenson, ed. 206, p. 11A, no. 223-230: Oscar Bevans, head, born May 1875, age 25, md. 2 yrs, Iowa/ Ohio/ Ohio, day laborer, owns home free of mortgage Daisy, wife, Feb 1882, 18, md. 2 yrs, 0 children 0 living, Kansas/ KY/ MO

In early 1900’s Oscar and Daisy moved from Skamania Co. to Walla Walla, Washington probably for farm and harvesting work. Their last three children were born at Walla Walla. Oscar Bevens and Daisy (Taylor) had four children: i. Raymond R. (1900– 1984), ii. Herman Harold (1902–1934), iii. Laura (1904–1963, married Mr. Warner) and iv. Della (1905–1996, never married) Bevens. After her divorce from Oscar, Daisy Taylor married 2) Andrew Marion Allen, “Marion” (Note: also known as Andrew Marvin Allen), on 12 December 1910, in Skamania Co. Washington, the son of Cyrus Albert Allen and Margaret “Maggie” Syrilda (Colwell). 94 He was b. January 1868, in (Crook Co.) Oregon, and d. in 1948. He is buried in the Odd Fellows Cemetery, The Dalles, Wasco Co. Oregon. According to the 1910 census of Wasco Co. Oregon Daisy had worked for Marion/Marvin Allen as a servant before their marriage. They divorced before 1920. After the divorce she evidently lost contact with Marvin Allen as the inscription on Daisy’s tombstone in the I.O.O.F. Cemetery, Stevenson, Washington, gives her name as Daisy Allen Bevans.

1910 census Wasco Co. Oregon, Columbia twp., Freebridge, e. d. 300, p. 245B, sheet 1B, no. 13-13: ALLEN, Marvin, head, 42, widow, Oregon/ Missouri/ Arkansas, farmer - horse farm, can read/ write, owns farm – free of mortgage Ruby, daughter, 18, single, Oregon/ Oregon/ Oregon, can read/ write BEVANS, Daisy, servant, 28, divorced, 4 children 4 living, Kansas/ Kentucky/ Kentucky, housekeeper – private family, can read/ write Raymond, son, 9, Washington/ Nebraska/ Kansas, attends school Della, daughter, 5, Washington/ Nebraska/ Kansas

Daisy (Taylor) Allen not found in 1920 census.

Marvin Allen married 1) Lillie F. ——, c1891, in Oregon. She was b. August 1870, in Oregon, and d. 24 April 1907, in Wasco Co. Oregon, aged

1900 census Skamania Co. Washington, Stevenson pct., e.d. 206, p. 11A: Dempsey Taylor. 1910 census Skamania Co. Washington, Stevenson pct.: Dempsey Taylor. 1920 census Skamania Co. Washington, Stevenson pct.: Dempsy Taylor. 93 Rootsweb World Connect has her born in Walla Walla Co. Washington. 94 Cyrus Albert Allen (1843-1922) served in the Civil War. He is buried in the American Legion Grand Army of the Republican (GAR) Cemetery, The Dalles, Wasco Co. Oregon. Albert’s father, James Miller Allen (1821-1887), was among the earliest white pioneers of Oregon coming to Oregon in 1845 on a military wagon train known as the Riggs Wagon Train or the Blue Bucket Gold Train led by Stephen Meek of the famous Meek family of western fur trappers. James Allen was a pioneer of Polk Co. Oregon, later moved Benton Co. Oregon, then Crook Co. Oregon and after that to Wasco Co. Oregon where he died.

62 36.95 She is buried in the Odd Fellows Cemetery, The Dalles, Wasco Co. Oregon.

1900 census Crook Co. Oregon, Black Butte, e. d. 8, p. 8B, sheet 1B, no. 24-24: ALLEN, Marvin, head, Jan 1868, 32, md. 9 yrs, Oregon/ Missouri/ un (unknown), can read/ write, owns farm – free of mortgage Lille, wife, Aug 1870, 29, md. 9 yrs, 1 child 1 living, Oregon/ un (unknown)/ Oregon, can read/ write Ruby, daughter, Apr 1892, 8, Oregon/ Oregon/ Oregon, can read/ write 25-25 ALLEN, Albert, head, Sept 1843, 56, md. 33 yrs, Missouri/ Missouri/ Illinois, can read/ write, rents farm – free of mortgage Margaret, wife, March 1853, 47, md. 33 years, 4 children 4 living, Missouri/ Missouri/ Missouri, can read/ write EGBERT, Lela, granddaughter, Sept 1897, 2, Oregon/ Oregon/ CANADA

Marvin Allen married 3) Clara May ——. She was b. August 1886, in Oregon, and d. 11 March 1974, in Wasco Co. Oregon, aged 87. 96

1920 census Wasco Co. Oregon, Deschutes, e. d. 214,p. 167A, sheet 6A, no. 120-1: ALLEN, Marion, head, rents house, 52, md. 9 yrs, can read/ write, Oregon/ Missouri/ Missouri, farmer – farm manager Clara M., wife, 33, can read/ write, Oregon/ Oregon/ Oregon, housewife

Daisy Taylor married 3) Christopher C. Christiansen, c1927; b. c1884, in Minnesota; living 1930 census Skamania Co. Washington. For some reason her obituary lists her name as Daisy Allen and does ot mention her husband Christopher Christiansen. They probably divorced. In the 1940’s Chris Christiansen served as Skamania Co. Deputy Sheriff.

1930 census Skamania Co. Washington, Rock Creek precinct, e.d. 30-5, sheet 4A, p. 259, North Road, no. 60-61: CHRISTENSEN, Chris C., head, owns home value $2400, 46, married, age at 1st md. 43, Minnesota/ DENMARK/ DENMARK, foreman logging Daisy, wife, 48, age at 1st md. 16, Kansas/ Kentucky/ Kentucky

1910 King Co. Washington CHRISTENSEN, Chris

SKAMANIA COUNTY PIONEER, Stevenson Washington, 28 July 1939, obituary, Mrs. Daisy Allen Passes Away At Home Near City , “Mrs. Daisy Allen, who had lived in Skamania county more than 50 years, passed away at her home one mile North of Stevenson at 5:30 a.m., Thursday. She was the victim of a lingering illness. — Mrs. Allen was born in Butler county, Kansas, February 5, 1881. Funeral services will be held from the Hendry– Gardner–Hufford Chapel on Saturday, at 2 p.m., with interment in the Stevenson I.O.O.F. Cemetery. — Surviving Mrs. Allen are three children by a former husband. They are Raymond Bevans, of Lowden, Wash., Laura Bevans, of Pasco, Wash., Della Bevans, of Spokane, Wash. The son arrived in the city late yesterday. There were four grand-children.” SKAMANIA COUNTY PIONEER, 11 August 1939, Ray Bevans Tells of Early Life of Mother, “Telling of hardships among the pioneers in early Stevenson, Raymond Bevans, Lowden, Wash., in a letter to The Pioneer, recited incidents in which his mother, the late Daisy Allen, played a part. — “My mother’s father, Dempsey Taylor, was an early pioneer from Sutcher Co., Kentucky, 97 he said. The family came from that place to Kansas and thence by team to Stevenson. They landed from St. Martin’s scow at

95 Oregon death index: Lillie F. Allen, Wasco Co., certificate no. 3508. 96 Oregon death index: Clara May Allen, Wasco Co. certificate no. 74-04903. 97 Should be Letcher Co. Kentucky. Grandfather Dempsey Taylor was b. 1840 although Letcher Co. was not created until 1842 from Perry and Harlan Cos. Kentucky.

63 Stevenson, a town that was little known in those days. That was about 1888. They suffered a lot of hardships, and I have heard my mother and uncles speak of, but there was plenty of game and fish and that helped them out. I have my grandfather’s pension papers and a gun he used in the Indian wars. — Surviving brothers of my mother are Denny Taylor, farmer, in Canada; Mike and George at Orielle, Wash., farmers; Isaac Taylor, Camas, Wash., and a host of nieces and nephews in Stevenson and vicinity. — Her grand children are Carmen and Norma Bevans of Portland, and Delora and Lois Bevans of Lowden, Washington. Mrs. Allen passed way in Stevenson, on July 27th. — Mr. Bevans who had a remarkable collection of family heirlooms lost many of them, including historical data, in a fire which destroyed his home in Lowden a year ago.” SKAMANIA COUNTY PIONEER, 12 November 1937, quote from article Hamilton House One of County’s Oldest, Declares Raymond Bevens, “Grandpa Taylor, my mother’s father, was an Indian fighter. My mother has his discharge papers if they didn’t burn when her house burned. They are on record in Washington, D. C. I still have one of his guns.” Oscar Bevans married: 2) Mamie Tapor (or Taper, Taber, Tabor, Topar) ( Note: Tapor is not found in records, and THE NAME may actually be TAYLOR), 98 on 10 June 1916, at Stevenson, Skamania Co. Washington;99 the daughter of John Tapor and Alice (Brown); 100 b. c1884 at Dufur, Wasco Co. Oregon.101 Oscar and Mamie Bevens lived at Carson, Washington in 1916. In September 1918, while Oscar was serving time in Walla Walla State Prison for adultery, Mamie Tapor Bevans filed for divorce in Yakima Co. Washington. SKAMANIA COUNTY PIONEER, 22 June 1916, “Oscar Bevans and Miss Mamie Topar were married by W. S. Young last week. They will reside in Carson for the present. Both parties are well known here.” vi. Rosalia8 Almedia Iman, “Rosa,” “Rose”, “Rosie,” b. 3 September 1862, at the Upper Cascades, Skamania Co. Washington; d. 24 February 1931, at Satsop, Grays Harbor Co. Washington, of a heart attack, aged 68.102According to her death certificate she was buried at Aberdeen, Grays Harbor Co. Washington, the name of the cemetery not being stated. The last 15 years of her life Rosa suffered from heart trouble and hardening of the arteries. TACOMA NEWS TRIBUNE, Tacoma Washington, 25 February 1931, obituary, Mrs. Rose Jones Dies Suddenly. “Mrs. Rose P. Jones, who came to Tacoma more than 40 years ago, died suddenly Tuesday at Satsop, at the age of 68. She had lived there for the past three years. When the Jones family lived in Tacoma the address was 404 South 53d Street. Mrs. Jones is survived by her husband Daniel, of the home; a son Daniel Jr.; two stepsons, Lorin and Frank Townsend of Satsop; five daughters, Mrs. Bonnie Grace and Mrs. Mella Thiel of Tacoma, Mrs. Nell Forrest of California, Mrs. Margaret Beck of California and Mrs. Ella Thomas of Aberdeen; 18 grandchildren. Funeral services will be held Saturday at 3 p.m. at Elma.” For some reason the obituary of Rosa Jones refers to her sons Loren and Frank Townsend as her stepsons. Rosa Almedia Iman married:

98 No Tapor family is known to exist in Dufur, Oregon at the time of the birth of Mamie. The name Tapor may actually be Taylor, as there is in the 1880’s a Willard M. Taylor family in Dufur, Wasco Co. Oregon. 99 Marriage records Skamania Co. Washington. On the marriage certificate the bride is listed as Mamie Tapor, and the marriage certificate gives her birthplace as Durfur, Oregon. 100 Name of parents from marriage certificate. 101 Birth place from marriage certificate. 102 Death Certificate.

64 1) James William Townsend, “Cy,” (Loren, David, Dodivah, Daniel…), on 14 September 1881, in Skamania Co. Washington, 103 the son of Loren H. Townsend and Sophia Hill (Watson); 104 b. April 1854, according to 1900 census Stevens Co. Washington; b. June 1855, according to 1900 census Kootenai Co. Idaho; b., according to his tombstone, 28 June 1852, at Calais, Washington Co. Maine; d. 3 February 1943, at Ontario, Malheur Co. Oregon, aged 90.105 He is buried in the Evergreen Cemetery, Ontario, Oregon. His tombstone reads | James Townsend | June 28, 1852 — Feb. 3, 1943 | Born In Callis Maine |. The cemetery record states he was born in “ Callis,” Maine which is a misspelling of Calais, a town in Washington Co. Maine. According to Iman relatives he was known as “Cy Townsend.” Later, after he moved to Malheur Co. Oregon, he was called “Uncle Jimmie.”

103 Marriage records Skamania Co. Washington. 104 The 1880 and 1900 census record James W. Townsend as born in Maine, although the 1887 state census of Skamania Co. records James W. Townsend as born in New Brunswick. The 1880 census for Skamania Co. records the birthplace of the father of James W. Townsend as Maine, and that of his mother as New Brunswick. The 1900 census of Stevens Co. Washington records that the parents of James W. Townsend were both born in Maine. 1880 census of Wasco Co. Oregon, Falls Precinct twp., 254 (just across the Columbia River from Stevenson, Washington) appears a Josiah W. Townsend, age 30, single, hotel keeper, born New Brunswick, father born Maine and mother born (blank). This is brother of James “ Cy” Townsend. (Note: Malcolm McKinnon who married Marth Luchada Iman is also a resident and employee at the Townsend Hotel, see p. 52.) Notes on Townsend genealogy from Arnold E. Krause [email protected] : James William Townsend, son of Loren H. Townsend (c1825–). Married Rosalia Almedia (Iman). Loren H. Townsend (c1825–), son of David Townsend; b. Machias, Washington Co. Maine. Married Sophia Hill (Watson), on 4 July 1848, in Charlotte Co. New Brunswick, CANADA. She b. 11 February 1828, in St. Stephen Parish, Charlotte Co. New Brunswick, CANADA. Children: i. Joseph Watson (c1848–), ii. Josiah Watson (c1850–) (went to Oregon and Washington with brother James), iii. Albert (c1851–), iv. James William (c1852–), v. Arthur Wellington (c1857–), vi. John Franklin (c1859–) and Hannah Townsend. David Townsend (c1789–), son of Dodivah Townsend. Married Polly (Rollins) (c1790–), on 17 December 1812, at Sidney, Kennebec Co. Maine. She b. Mercer, Somerset Co. Maine. Children: i. William, ii. Elijah, iii. Augusta, iv. Albert, v. Joseph, vi. Loren , vii. David, viii, Lydia and ix. Mary Townsend. Dodivah Townsend (1768–1833), son of Daniel Townsend. Appeared in 1810 census Kennebec Co. Maine, Sidney twp. Married 1) Sarah (Hastings). Married 2) Mrs. Sarah (Lovejoy) Lincoln. Children by Sarah (Hastings): i. Sarah H. (1797–1879) and ii. David Townsend . Daniel Townsend married, as his second wife, Hannah (Bibber). MAINE FAMILIES IN 1790, Volume 5, Daniel Townsend and Hannah Bibber, p. 306-308, “Daniel Townsend, marriage intentions North Yarmouth, 4 November 1752, probably as his 2nd wife, Hannah Bibber (Vital Records). On 16 May 1761, Daniel Townsend, housewright, of Harpswell, sold 34 acres on an island called New Dumascove [probably should be Damariscove] to William Haskell, mariner, of Harpswell (Cumberland Co. deed 3:201). Daniel's wife, Hannah, signed off. On 5 November, he bought land on the west side of the Kennebec river [the part now Sidney] from John Estes of Harpswell (Lincoln Co. deed 4:455). He was “of the Kennebec River”' on 24 September 1764 when he bought 250 acres in Vassalborough from the Kennebec proprietors (Lincoln Co. deed 1:122-23, 2:125). Daniel was active in the early town government of Vassalborough. In 1776, 1781, and 1787, he was elected fence viewer and, in 1784, warden (Town Records). Martha Ballard writes in her diary 11 September 1797 that “Old Lady Tousin of Sidney’ visited her and 5 February 1799 that “old mr. [‘Dear’ scratched out] tousin was here” [ THE DIARY OF MARTHA BALLARD 1785- 1812, by Robert R. McCausland and Cynthia MacAlman McCausland, editors, published 1992], hereafter Ballard Diary, pp. 423, 470]. Daniel is not listed in the 1800 United States census although he and Hannah were living as of 7 May 1803 when they and their son Dodivah sold land in Sidney to Jeremiah Thayer and Paul Bailey, both of Sidney (Kennebec Co. deed 5:456). Daniel and Dodivah Townsend are the only landowners with that surname in Vassalborough up to 1805 and the only Townsends in Vassalborough in the 1790 United States census. It is concluded that those named Townsend who married in Vassalborough in the late 18th century, or whose residence was Vassalborough when they enlisted in the Revolutionary War, are probably Daniel’s children. Children of Daniel and Hannah (Bibber) Townsend: i. Abigail Townsend, married Philip Snow, 16 June 1772, at Hallowell, Maine (Vital Records); b. Dunstable, Massachusetts, 18 February 1748, son of Jonathan and Sarah (?) Snow (Vital Records); d. 1850 Charleston, age 102 years. Philip Snow, ‘of a place called Washington’ was named one of the sureties of Mathew Hastings’ estate, of which Dodivah Townsend was named co-executor 14 April 1791 (Lincoln Co. Probate 4:218). Mathew Hastings was Dodivah’s father-in-law. ii. Robert Townsend, married Ruth Sawtell, 1 November 1781 Vassalborough (Vital Records); b. 14 December 1759, Groton, Massachusetts, daughter of Moses and Elizabeth (Merriam) Sawtell and sister of Nathan who married widow of Daniel Townsend (Daniel Townsend Jr., from Daniel

65 The Townsend family were from Calais, Washington Co. Maine. James Townsend’s mother was from Charlotte Co. New Brunswick, CANADA just across the border from Calais, Maine. Although James was born in Maine the family moved to New Brunswick where James spent most of his youth. About 1878 he with his brother Josiah Townsend came west, probably as sailors on merchant ships. They decided to stay in the west and are found in the 1880 census of Wasco Co. Oregon. Wasco Co. is just across the river from Skamania Co. Washington.

1880 census Skamania Co. Washington, p. 18, no. 62-66: James W. Townsend (lives alone), 27, single, sailor, maimed, Maine/ Maine/ NEW BRUNSWICK Interview with Mrs. Ann Hedghes of Phoenix Arizona, granddaughter of Daniel and Rose Jones, daughter of Ella Marie (Jones) Thomas, 3 March 2003, “After he and Rose first married they lived in Skamania Co. but about 1885 moved to Seattle, Washington where they lived in a rented hotel room. — My mother told me her father James Townsend had come from a rich family back east. I don’t know why he came to Washington state, but after he had been in Washington awhile he inherited a good sum of money from his eastern relatives and then went through all the money very fast and died penniless. — Townsend was very very controlling and very jealous of Rose and while they lived at the hotel he did not allow her to go outside or to see anyone. If anyone came to visit the hotel Townsend always made sure to be there to supervise everything, especially in regard to Rose. As a result Rose had no friends, didn’t see anyone and if she needed anything then whatever she needed had to be sent to the hotel to be approved of by Townsend, even her dressmaker and shoemaker had to come to the hotel to measure her for clothes and especially shoes. Rose had very small feet and because of this she could not buy ready-made shoes, they did not make them in her size, so she had to have her shoes custom made, so the shoemaker came to the hotel where everything had to be approved of by Townsend. As a result of this Rose was very unhappy in the marriage and got tired of Townsend’s control

Sr.’s first marriage. Daniel Jr. was a half brother to Robert). Robert resided Vassalborough when he enlisted in the Revolutionary War as a private from Vassalborough, Deerfield, Massachusetts and Boston, Massachusetts where he was reported deserted (MS&S 15:923-33). [The DAR Patriot Index confuses him with the Robert Townsend of RI who served at Bristol RI and who is the only Robert Townsend listed in the 1790 RI United States census]. Records show that Robert returned to Vassalborough following his war service and remained in what is now Kennebec Co. up to 17 April 1816 when he and Ruth sold land to Moses Sawtell of Sidney as did other members of Ruth's family (Kennebec Co. deed 66:174). Robert engaged in numerous land transactions. In 1781 he sold land to Joseph Linnell of Barnstable who paid Spanish dollars (Lincoln Co. deeds 3:307-8). On 30 July 1784, he sold land on the west side of Vassalborough to Joseph Linnell (Lincoln Co. deed 23:173). On 10 November 1787, he sold land to Reuben Page Jr. of Sandy River (Lincoln Co. deed 4:49) and again to him 11 February 1789 when Robert was listed as being ‘of a place called Washington’ (now Belgrade) (Lincoln Co. deed 3:287-88). Robert was enumerated in Washington town in 1790 (United States census). iii. John Townsend was born in 1761; d. 16 March 1778 in Valley Forge, Pennsylvania, eleven days after his half-brother Daniel was killed there ( REVOLUTIONARY WAR KNOWN DEAD, p. 168). He enlisted as a Revolutionary War soldier from Kittery 4 September 1777 for 3 years, but his residence was given as either Vassalborough or Georgetown (Oliver R. Remick, A Record of the Services of the Commissioned Officers and Enlisted Men of Kittery and Eliot, Maine Who Served in the American Revolution [1901], p. 192). iv. Rebecca Townsend. Rebecca as an unmarried woman gave birth 24 October 1786 to a son delivered by Martha Ballard (August Vital Records; Ballard Diary, p.48). v. Hannah Townsend, married Hosea Gould, 6 July 1788, Vassalborough (Vital Records). [She filed marriage intentions Vassalborough 7 April 1788 with Thomas Powers (Vital Records) but probably did not marry him]. vi. Dodivah Townsend, appeared in 1810 census Kennebec Co. Maine, Sidney twp. Married 1) Sarah Hastings; 2) Mrs. Sarah (Lovejoy) Lincoln. Children by Sarah Hastings: i. Sarah H. (1797– 1879) and ii. David Townsend (above). vii. Betsy Townsend, married Isaac Cowen/Cowin, 23 January 1797, Vassalborough (Vital Records). They settled in Winslow. 105 Date of birth from the 1900 census. Place of death as California from Rootsweb World Connect entry for James William Townsend.

66 very fast and so she left him. After she left I don’t think any of the family kept up with his whereabouts. Rose never talked much about him either.” Cy and Rosa Townsend divorced about 1887. Afterward their two sons, Frank and Loren, lived mostly with their mother, as in the 1887 Skamania Co. Washington state census when R. A. (Rosa), Loren and Frank Townsend lived with Felix and Margaret Imans, and J. W. Townsend lived alone at Stevenson.

1887 state census Skamania Co. Washington, p. 9: IMANS, F. G., 58, farmer, Ill. Margariett, 48, Ind., cannot read/write George, 19, W. T. J. W., 23, male, W. T. J. R., 18, male, W. T. Alfred E., 14, W. T. C. N., 9, male, W. T. J. M., 5, male, W. T. TOWNSEND, R. A., female, 24, housekeeping, married, Washington L. A., male, 6, Washington F. R., male, 4, Washington 1887 state census Skamania Co. Washington: J. W. Townsend (lives alone), age 38, laborer, b. NEW BRUNSWICK

After the divorce of James Townsend and Rose (Iman) later census records show that Townsend worked for a time as a saloon keeper and later as a fur trapper. He moved around a lot, and in the census of 1900 lived with his two sons, Loren and Frank Townsend, in Stevens Co. Washington. Only a few days later he appears in the 1900 census of Kootenai Co. Idaho. In the 1910 census James is still in Idaho, but sometime between 1910 and 1920 he moved to Malheur Co. Oregon and there appears in the 1920 and 1930 censuses of that county. Apparently he never remarried.

1900 (25 June) census Stevens Co. Washington, Northport twp., e.d. 74, p. 13B, sheet 13B, no. 291-292: J. Townsend, born April 1854, 48, widow, saloon keeper, Maine/ Maine/ Maine, owns house free of mortgage Lorne, son, October 1881, 18, single, Washington/ Maine/ Washington, bartender Frank, son, June 1886, 14, Washington/ Maine/ Washington, at school – attended 7 mos. 1900 (29 June) census Kootenai Co. Idaho, Granite precinct, e.d. 62, p. 78B, sheet 8B, no. 158-159, (appears to be lodger in logging camp house): TOWNSEND, James, lodger, June 1855, 46, single, Maine/ Maine/ unknown, laborer – logging, can read/ write 1910 census Owyhee Co. Idaho, Homedale Precinct, Twp. 2 North 5 West, e.d. 243, p. 34B, sheet 3B, no. 40-41, boarder in house of William H. Miller: TOWNSEND, James W., widow, 57, boarder, Maine/ Maine/ Maine, laborer - odd jobs, can read/ write

1920 census Malheur Co. Oregon, Rome, e.d. 129, p. 121B, sheet 8B, farm, no. 150-167-: TOWNSEND, James, head, 67, single, can read/ write, Maine/ Maine/ Maine, trapper

1930 census Malheur Co. Oregon, Mahogany twp., e.d. 23, p. 201A, sheet 1A, no. 2-2: TOWNSEND, James, head, rents home, rent $5 month, 77, married condition unknown, Maine/ Maine/ Maine, trapper - fur

67 ONTARIO ARGUS OBSERVER, Ontario Oregon, 4 February 1943, Malheur Pioneer Dies at Hospital, “James Townsend passed away at the Holy Rosary hospital last Tuesday evening and upon arrival of friends, will be interred in the Ontario (Evergreen) cemetery under the direction of the Peterson funeral home. — He had no known relatives and had been in the employment of Frank Davis and his son, Conley, for the past 25 years. — He was brought to the Moore hotel in December but has been confined to the hospital for the past three weeks. — About 90 years of age, Mr. Townsend was an old sailor and had had many colorful adventures stories to unfold to his friends at the Moore where he was affectionately known as ‘Uncle Jimmie’.” Children of James William Townsend and Rosalia Almedia (Iman): i. Loren4 J. “Lonnie” “Buzz” (1881-1948) and ii. Frank R. “Frankie” (1884- 1961) Townsend.106 SKAMANIA COUNTY PIONEER, Stevenson Washington, 29 July 1915, “Frank Townsend of Tacoma is visiting his uncle, Lou Iman, in Stevenson.” Roselia Almedia Iman married: 2) Daniel H. Jones, “Dan,” (John…), about 1890; said to be the son of John Jones and Ann (Jarmon); 107 b. 25 June 1862, in (Waukesha Co.) Wisconsin; d. 12 May 1936, at Tacoma, Pierce Co. Washington, of lung cancer, aged 73. 108 He was cremated. He was a blacksmith. During the early 1900’s the family lived at various times in the towns of Roy, Ashford and Tacoma in Pierce Co. Washington, and for a short time at Yelm, Thurston Co. Washington. About 1921 the Jones family moved to Satsop, in Gray’s Harbor Co. Washington. After the death of his wife Daniel Jones lived with his daughter Mrs. Donna Grace at Satsop, Washington and also at Tacoma, Pierce Co. Washington, where he died. Interview with Mrs. Ann Hedghes, Phoenix Arizona, granddaughter of Daniel and Rose Jones, and daughter of Ella Marie (Jones) Thomas, 3 March 2003, “Daniel and Rose Jones were my grandparents. I was quite young when they died. Most of what I know about them was told to me by my mother. My

106 Notes on children of James William Townsend and Rosalia Almedia (Iman): i. Loren J. Townsend (1881-1948), known as Lonnie or Buzz Townsend. He served in World War I. Never married. From Mrs. Ann Hedges, niece an daughter of Ella (Jones) Thomas, “Uncle Loren was small in height, but was very sweet and a very funny guy with a great sense of humor. He never made waves at all about anything and he loved to play pinochle and always wanted to get the perfect pinochle hand. He said when he did get that perfect hand then he would be ready to die. Well one day he did finally get the perfect pinochle hand and he was so excited and he got up from the card table, went into the kitchen to get something and suddenly had a heart attack right there and died shortly afterward.” THE TACOMA NEWS TRIBUNE, Tacoma Washington, 31 December 1948, obituary, Lorin Townsend, “Lorin J. (Buzz) Townsend, 67, pf 3624 East B. St. died Thursday in a local hospital. Born in Skamania county he came to Tacoma 63 years ago. He had worked for some time as a cook at Fort Lewis, retiring six years ago. — Townsend is survived by five sisters, Mrs. Donna Grace, Mrs. Nell Bowman, and Mrs. Mell Thiel, fall of Tacoma, and Mrs. Ella Thomas and Mrs. Margaret Arnold of California, and two brothers, Frank Townsend of Seattle and Dan Jones of Tacoma. — C. O. Lynn will announce the services.” ii. Frank R. Townsend (1884-1961). He served in World War I. Married Nora Etta (——) (c1882-), c1917, in Washington. Etta b. Kentucky. Etta had been previously married and had a son who was adopted by Frank Townsend. Adopted child: i. Claxton Lane Townsend (c1909-). Frank’s obituary does not mention a wife or son. TACOMA NEWS TRIBUNE, Tacoma Washington, 20 December 1961, obituary, Frank Townsend, “Frank Townsend, 78, formerly a Tacoma resident for many years, died Saturday in a Seattle nursing home. He was born at Stevenson. He was a member of Longshoreman’s Union Local 19-52-98 and of the Eagles Lodge, Tacoma Aerie No. 3. — Surviving are five sisters, Mrs. Donna Grace, Mrs. Mella Thiel, Mrs. Nell Bowman, and Mrs. Margaret Arnold, all of Tacoma, and Mrs. Ella Thomas of California; and a brother, Dan Jones of Tacoma.” 107 Names of parents from his death certificate. Granddaughter Ann Hedghes says she always heard Ann Jarmon had been a friend and neighbor who tried to help Daniel whenever he had problems with his parents. Anna Hedghes also says her mother, Ella (Jones) Thomas, had always said Daniel Jones had come from Waukesha Co. Wisconsin. In Daniel’s day Waukesha Co. Wisconsin had a large welsh community. 108 Death Certificate.

68 mother was Ella Marie Jones, married Norman Lee Thomas. My parents had five children and I was the youngest of the family. While the older ones were at school I had no one to play with at home and so to entertain me mother would tell me family stories. Because of this I think I know more about my grandparents than my brothers or sisters. — Mother said her father was from Waukesha Co. Wisconsin, and that he had an older brother, and a sister whose name I think was Margaret or Marguerite. Mother once showed me a letter from this Margaret and at the time I just sort of glanced over it and did not really read it, so I can’t say that I remember much about her. Anyway mother said Daniel had been the black sheep of his family and for some reason could not get along with his relatives. There was a neighbor lady, Ann Jarmon109 I think her name was, who took an interest in Daniel and tried to help him, but even with her kindness Daniel still had major problems with his family. One day Daniel’s older brother accused Daniel of stealing and after that Daniel either left home or was chased off. — From Wisconsin Daniel went to Seattle, Washington, as he may have had relatives in Washington, I don’t know. Eventually somehow in Washington he met my grandmother Rose Iman. How and whether they met in Seattle or some where else I don’t know, although I think Rose and her first husband were divorced by the time she and Daniel met. The only thing I can say for sure is that my mother always said Rose was five years older than Daniel. Anyway Daniel and Rose got married and then became a blacksmith and they moved to Roy, Washington where he opened a blacksmith shop. — Mother also said Daniel was a heavy smoker and a periodic binge drinker and gambler and that he would leave Rose for several weeks at a time to go on drinking and gambling binges. In the beginning grandmother used to get angry about his behavior, but as her anger had very little effect on him she eventually decided the only thing she could do was to ignore the situation. Anyway there was really nothing to be done about it as he never changed his behavior. Whenever he would return from one of his binges grandmother would go on the same as before, as if nothing had happened. In those days wives, especially wives with children, did not have the quick answers to those kinds of domestic problems like they do nowadays. — Mother also said there were times when Rose and the children would go hungry because Daniel, being out on one of his binges, did nothing to support his family. — Another incident mother remembered, she was 14 or so at the time (about 1912), Daniel had been gone on a binge for some time and after a while he decided to come home, so he telegrammed Rose and told her to meet him at the train station with the buggy. When Rose and mother got there the train came in and off the train came Daniel with a wooden barrel. He told Rose it was a barrel of dishes—in those days dishes were shipped in barrels—that he had won in a gambling match. Hearing this Rose got so angry that she took the fire hatchet that was hanging there in the station and right there on the platform chopped the barrel and the dishes to pieces! I guess she was finally tired of him taking her for granted. After that incident Daniel settled down somewhat and stayed home. — Rose also had a rare form of heart disease. I don’t know what it was called medically but the disease occasionally caused her to become comatose to the point that she absolutely could not move and so appeared to anyone to be dead. The second time she went comatose Daniel was gone on one of his binges and so the ladies from her church thinking she had died laid her out as if getting her ready for her funeral. But before they could bury her Daniel returned home and for some reason he decided to lay down on the floor beside Rose. Even in her comatose state Rose knew he was there and so she worked all night to move her hand and finally she did manage to let her hand drop onto him. After that Dan knew she was still alive and so she was rescued from a premature buial. Because of this heart condition Rose always wanted to be cremated so she wouldn’t be buried alive. It must have been a lesson for all of us too because ever since Rose most of my family

109 Daniel Jones death certificate lists Ann Jarmon as his mother, so there is some question as to the identity of Ann Jarmon.

69 have been cremated. — Last, I never heard my mother complain about Daniel and Rose so I guess they were good to the children, or at least they were typical parents for the day. — Later in life Daniel had salt diabetes and tuberculosis of the bone.”

1900 census Pierce Co. Washington, Roy., e.d. 155, p. 6, no. 108-108: Daniel Jones, head, June 1862, 37, md. 16 yrs, Wisconsin/ WALES/ ENGLAND/, blacksmith and carriage, rents house Roselia, wife, Sept 1862, 37, md. 16 yrs, 6 children 6 living, Washington/ Illinois/ Indiana Donna May, daughter, Sept 1892, 7, Washington/ Wisconsin/ Washington, at school attended for 9 mos Zulla, daughter, Oct 1894, 5, Washington/ Wisconsin/ Washington Nellie, daughter, Dec 1896, 4, Washington/ Wisconsin/ Washington Eva, daughter, Dec 1898, 1, Washington/ Wisconsin/ Washington MT. TACOMA PENNANT, Roy Items, 20 October 1905, “Dan Jones, formerly a blacksmith here, was down from Ashford Friday.” MT. TACOMA PENNANT, Roy Items, 1 December 1905, “Mr. Dan Jones, wife and family arrived in Roy Thursday from Ashford and remained until Saturday at the home of Mrs. Case. They went on to Yelm Saturday, where Mr. Jones will run a blacksmith shop.”

1910 census, Daniel Jones family not found.

SKAMANIA COUNTY PIONEER, Stevenson Washington, 29 June 1916, “Mrs. Rose Jones of Tacoma, who has been visiting among relatives in Stevenson for several weeks, returned to her home Tuesday morning.”

1920 census Pierce Co. Washington, Tacoma City, e.d. 307, p. 11B, no. 274-276 (Loren and Frank Townsend also in 1920 Pierce Co. Washington census.110): JONES, Daniel H., head, owns house - mortgaged, 56, can read/write, Minnesota/ WALES/ WALES, blacksmith Rosa A., wife, 63, can read/write, Washington/ Illinois/ Indiana Daniel J., son, 19, single, Washington/ Minnesota/ Washington, laborer shipyard SHOEMAKER, Rosa, daughter, 25, divorced, Washington/ Minnesota/ Washington Margaurete, granddaughter, 8, Washington/ Washington/ Washington Frances, granddaughter, 7, Washington/ Washington/ Washington

1930 census Grays Harbor Co. Washington, Satsop, e.d. 61, no. 135-144: JONES, Rosa A., wife, owns home value $650, 67, age at 1st md. 19, can read/write, Washington/ Illinois/ Indiana, no occupation TOWNSEND, Lauren J., son, 48, single, Washington/ CANADA (English)/ Washington, laborer RUDDOCK, Richard, grandson, 9, Washington/ Washington/ Washington Kenneth, grandson, 7, Washington/ Washington/ Washington

TACOMA NEWS TRIBUNE, 14 May 1936, obituary, Daniel H. Jones, “Daniel H. Jones, 73, of 1531 Fawcett avenue, died Wednesday in a local hospital. He had lived in Tacoma for 45 years and was a blacksmith by trade. Surviving are a son Dan Jr. of Tacoma; two stepsons Lorin Townsend of Elma and Frank Townsend of Aberdeen; five daughters, Mrs. D. J. Thiel, Mrs. Donna Grace and Mrs. Margaret Beck all of Tacoma, Mrs. Nell Forrest of California and Mrs. Ella Thomas of Seattle; 16 grandchildren and two

110 1920 census, South Tacoma, Pierce Co. Washington, E.D. 288, p. 9: Frank Townsend. 1920 census, Pierce Co. Washington, E.D. 189, p. J: Loren J. Townsend.

70 great grandchildren. Funeral services Saturday at 1 p.m. at the Buckley-King Funeral church.” Children of Daniel H. Jones and Rosalia Almedia (Iman): i. Donna4 Mae “Donnie” (1892-1969), ii. Mlla “Zulla” “Mella” “Mlla” (1894-1974), iii. Ella Marie (1896-1983), iv. Nell Grace “Nellie” (1898- 1989), v. Margaret A. (1904-1989) vi. Rosella “Rosa” (c1903-1926) and Daniel H. (1900-1968) Jones.111 vii. John8 William Iman, “John,” b. 3 April 1864, at the Upper Cascades, Skamania Co. Washington; d. 1 February 1938, at Stevenson, Skamania Co. Washington, of nephritis (kidney disease), aged 73. 112 He is buried in the Iman Cemetery, Stevenson, Washington.

111 According to Ann Christine (Thomas) Hedges the birth order of the Jones children is correct although the dates of birth do not match the order. Notes on children of Daniel Jones and Rosa (Iman): i. Donna Mae Jones (1892-1969). Married Mr. Grace, about 1912. They divorced. She never remarried. She lived Satsop, Washington and Tacoma, Washington. Children: i. Marguerite (c1912-) and ii. Frances (c1913-) Grace. TACOMA NEWS TRIBUNE, Tacoma Washington, 18 April 1969, obituary, Mrs. Donna Mae Grace, “Mrs. Donna Mae Grace, 76, of 520 S. 51st St. died Thursday in a local nursing home. — Mrs. Grace was born in Olympia and lived in Tacoma most of her life. She was a retired real estate agent. — Survivors include two daughters, Mrs. Maurgerite Holland, of Seattle, and Mrs. Frances Schroth, of Oakland, Calif.; two foster sons, Richard Ruddock, of Napa, Calif., and Kenneth Ruddock, of Seattle; four sisters, Mrs. Mella Thiel and Mrs. Margaret Arnold, both of Tacoma; Mrs. Nell Bowman of Olympia, and Mrs. Ella Thomas, of Oakland; three grandchildren and eight great grandchildren. Services are announced by Oakwood Funeral Home.” ii. Mlla Jones (1894-1974). Mlla is a welsh name. Married Dell J. Thiel (pronounced Theel), c. 1911. Children: i. Edith, ii. Helen, iii. Dale “ Pete” (c1916-), iv. Robert and v. Frank Thiel. Lived Tacoma and Seattle Washington. THE TACOMA NEWS TRIBUNE, Tacoma Washington, 31 December 1949, obituary, Dell J. Thiel, “Dell J. Thiel one of the three men asphyxiated by carbon dioxide gas on the freighter Asa Lothrop Thursday morning, had lived in Tacoma all but four of his 57 years. He was a native of Wisconsin, was a longshoreman and a member of Local 38-97, I. L. A. — Mr. Theil is survived by his wife Mella; three sons, Dell P., and Frank of Tacoma and Robert of Seattle; two daughters, Mrs. Helen Linder of Seattle and Mrs. Edith Janek of New York; two sisters, Mrs. Rose Jones of Tacoma and Mrs. Kate McGeehan of Graham, and seven grandchildren. — The C O. Lynn company will announce the services.” iii. Ella Marie Jones (1898-1983) married Norman Lee Thomas (1899-1964). Lived 1930 census Aberdeen, Gray’s Harbor Co. Washington. Moved to Oakland, California. Ella and Norman d. Alameda Co. Children: i. Daniel Russell (c1917-), ii. Walter Clark (c1921-), iii. Janice Emily (c1925-) and iv. Norilee Mary (c1925-) and v. Ann Christine (1932-living 2002) Thomas (married Mr. Hedghes). iv. Nell Grace Jones (1896-1989). Married 1) William —. Lived Oakland, California. Two children; i. Jean, married, lived San Francisco, d. of cancer in early 1960’s and ii. William Daniel “Billy Dan” (committed suicide in Oakland, California) ——. Married 2) Forrest Bowman. Lived Olympia, Washington. No children. Nell d. Seattle or Tacoma, Pierce Co. Washington. v. Margaret A. Jones (1904-1989). Lived Tacoma, Washington. Married 1) Earl Beck. Adopted one child who was spastic. The child may have d. young. Married 2) Mr. Arnold. She lived at Tacoma, Pierce Co. Washington. vi. Rosella “Rosa” Jones (c1903-1926). She d. Washington. Married 1) Benjamin Ruddock. Children: i. Richard and ii. Kenneth (1922-1996) Ruddock. Rose died and after her death Richard and Kenneth lived with various Jones family members, or according to Ann Hedghes “whoever could take them.” vii. Daniel Jones Jr. (1900-1968). Married Rosa (Thiel). Children: i. Gail (female), ii. Daniel, iii. Donna May, and Meryl Jones. Rosa married 1) ——. They divorced. She had two children by her first husband: i. James and ii. Arlene. These children were adopted by Daniel Jones. THE TACOMA NEWS TRIBUNE, Tacoma Washington, 10 February 1968, obituary, Dan Jones, “Dan Jones, 67, of 12202 14th Ave. E., died Friday in a local nursing home. — He was born in Roy and live in the Tacoma area all his life. Mr. Jones was a cook and former business agent with the Hotel, Motel and Restaurant Employees Union, before retiring in 1962. — Surviving are his wife, Rose M.; three sons, James A. and Dan J., both of Tacoma, and Merle S., with the U. S. navy; three daughters, Mrs. Arlene Dixon of Klamath Falls, Ore., Mrs. Gayle Smith of Tacoma, and Mrs. Donna James, of Sacramento, Calif.; five sisters, Mrs. Margaret Arnold, of Long Beach, Calif., Mrs. Ella Thomas, of Oakland, Calif., and Mrs. Mella Theil, Mrs. Donna Grace and Mrs. Nell Bowman, all of Tacoma; and 20 grandchildren. — Services are announced by Oakwood Funeral Home.” She has done research on Rose Iman Jones and may have copy of CD of Flora Foster: Patricia Sullivan 619 Midway Ave

71 1900 census Skamania Co. Washington, Stevenson, e.d. 206, p. 10A-10B: THOMAS, —, head, May 1858, divorced, 6 children 4 living, Illinois/ Ohio/ Ohio, hotel keeper —, daughter, Mar 1881, Nebraska/ Missouri/ Illinois, waitress hotel Elma P., daughter, April 1887, 13, Kansas/ Missouri/ Illinois, at school John W., son, Apr 1890, 10, Washington/ Missouri/ Illinois, at school Estella, daughter, Dec 1898, 1, Washington/ Missouri/ Illinois  IMAN, John, boarder, born Apr 1854, age 46, single, Washington/ Illinois/ Indiana, saloon keeper, owns house mortgaged STAACK, Peter, boarder, Sept 1865, 34, GERMANY/ GERMANY/ GERMANY, year of immigration 1882, 18 yrs in America, naturalized, builder TOTTEN, John, boarder, June 1869, 30, Ohio/ Ohio/ Ohio, merchant TOTTEN, William, boarder, March 1882, 18, Iowa/ Ohio/ Ohio, farm laborer 1900 census Skamania Co. Washington, Stevenson, e.d. 206, sheet 11A, p. 233, no. 209-214: John Iman (lives alone), head, April 1854, single, Washington/ Illinois/ Indiana, saloon keeper, owns farm mortgaged, can read/ write

Over the years John Iman worked at various occupations, but his main employment was always in the timber industry as a sawyer and saw filer. In the late 1890’s he opened a saloon at Stevenson and remained in that business until he sold the saloon in 1900. SKAMANIA COUNTY PIONEER, Stevenson Washington, 4 October 1900, “John Iman has sold his saloon to Moriarty and Udell.” It is said around 1900 John Iman cut down the last of the largest of the great old trees in Stevenson. The tree was a Douglas Fir over 500 years old, standing 330 feet tall and the trunk was six feet across. It grew where the present-day Skamania Co. court house of Stevenson now stands. After cutting wood from the tree was said to have made twenty-two cords. John Iman also seems to have had a temper and was arrested for fighting in public and put on trial more than once in Skamania Co. There are court cases in this regard: Skamania County Civil Court, Case 158, Bk. 1, p. 93, 27 October 1900, John W. Iman charged with assault. “…John Iman is accused, of the crime of assault with the intent to commit murder, committed as follows to wit: He the said John Iman, did in Skamania County, on the 4 of July 1900, feloniously, purposely and of his deliberate and premeditated malice, make an assault upon one William Ganey with a pistol gun which the said John Iman then and there had and held by him and there attempted to discharge and shoot him the said William Ganey, with the intent to kill and murder. — …Presently comes John Iman into court and pleads guilty to simple assault and the prosecuting attorney being willing to accept such plea. The defendant then being fined the sum of $—.” (Note: Some Court documents in the case “John W. Iman charged with assault” are missing, particularly the statement of a witness to the incident, while others contain illegible handwriting. At the time of the alleged attempted murder John Iman owned a saloon, in which case the assault was most likely some kind of bar fight.) SKAMANIA COUNTY PIONEER, 24 January 1901, “John Iman has finished building his business building, adjoining his property across the street from the PIONEER office.” SKAMANIA COUNTY PIONEER, 6 March 1902, “John Iman, who has been getting out logs on Rock Creek for the Wind River Lumber Company suspended operations this week after cutting about 180,000 feet. Surveyor Bueche discovered by measurement that the timber was on the Jones, instead of the Iman place, as Iman seemed to believe. Hence operations were

Daly City, CA 94015 (650) 755-3248 112 Death Certificate.

72 stopped. The team belonging to Storye and Keeler, used in the operation, was returned Monday.” In 1902 John opened at butcher shop at Stevenson which he ran for several years. He also opened a hotel in Stevenson, but apparently did not remain long in that business. After retiring from these trades he returned to work in the timber industry. SKAMANIA COUNTY PIONEER, 4 December 1902, “John Iman has meat market in Stevenson.” SKAMANIA COUNTY PIONEER, 8 January 1903, “John Iman, the butcher, reports a prosperous and increasing business.” SKAMANIA COUNTY PIONEER, 18 January 1906, “John Iman of the Carson Market, though doing well in his line, manages to snatch odd moments and thereby turn out some very neat wagon woodwork.” SKAMANIA COUNTY PIONEER, 12 September 1907, “John Iman has leased the Johnson hotel and will conduct it in the usual satisfactory manner.”---

1910 census Skamania Co. Washington, e.d. 290, p. 88B, sheet 3B, no. 65- 65: John M. Iman (lives alone), head, 48, single, Washington/ New York/ Iowa, wood cutter cordwood, rents house SKAMANIA COUNTY PIONEER, 19 December 1912, “The case of the state vs. J. W. Iman is on trial in the Superior Court today.” ( Note: This was another fight for which John Iman was arrested.) In 1917 John cut off all four fingers on his left hand in a sawmill accident, leaving only the thumb. SKAMANIA COUNTY PIONEER, 3 May 1917, “John Iman met with a painful accident while operating the cut-off saw at the Thirteen Mill Point sawmill last Friday that will permanently injure him. He had the misfortune to cut off all the fingers on his left hand leaving only the thumb. He is under the care of Dr. Avary who is trying to save his forefinger, but the chances are against his being able to do so.” SKAMANIA COUNTY PIONEER, 16 May 1918, List of Jurors for Skamania County, list of various jurors from District 2 includes John Iman.” SKAMANIA COUNTY PIONEER, Stevenson Washington, 25 June 1920, “John Iman returned from Portland last week where he has been taking treatments for rheumatism.”

1920 census Skamania Co. Washington, Stevenson Precinct, e.d. 372, p. 1A, Russell Ave., no. 14-14: Iman, John W. (lives alone) head, rents house, 54, single, Washington/ Illinois/ Indiana, filer logging camp John Iman was elected Town Marshall of Stevenson, Washington in 1923. His duties included enforcing curfew on the town’s younger residents. SKAMANIA COUNTY PIONEER, 6 April 1923, “Town Marhsall Iman rings the curfew bell at 9 o’clock and all youngsters under the age of 16 years had better hide away thereafter. If reports are true, a few older ones might do well to do likewise.” In 1925 John married Martha Waldon. The marriage did not last long and they divorced, apparently because of his ill treatment of her children (see below). In 1927, after the divorce, John lived at Castle Rock, Cowlitz Co. Washington, working in the logging camps. A great niece of John Iman said that in later years John lived alone just west of Stevenson, Washington in an old abandoned railroad car .

73 1930 census Skamania Co. Washington, Stevenson Precinct, e.d. 30-8, p. 1A, Cascade Ave., no. 6-6 (four houses before Louis F. Iman): Iman, John W. (lives alone), head, rents house, 65, divorced, Washington/ Illinois/ Indiana, saw filer lumber SKAMANIA COUNTY PIONEER, 2 July 1937, Local and Personal News, “John Iman, of Stevenson, is building a new home near the Swain residence of Cascade Street. He is being assisted by Os Bevans, Forest Iman and Mr. Palmer all of this city.” In his old age and after he retired from the logging industry John and his brother George Iman lived in the home of their sister Mrs. Martha McKinnon at Stevenson. SKAMANIA COUNTY PIONEER, 4 February 1938, obituary, County Native Dies Tuesday at age of 73, “John Iman, 73 years old and a native of Stevenson, passed away at the home of his sister, Mrs. Oscar Bevans, here Tuesday evening about 7:30. He had been ill for two years suffering from complication due to age. He was the son of Mr. and Mrs. Louis Iman Sr. who were among the very first settlers in the Gorge. During his younger days he worked as a saw filer and many timber activities. He was married many years ago, but was divorced, no children being born to the union. Since that time he has made his home with his sister and worked when he felt able to do so. The body was removed Wednesday from the Bevans home to the Hendry– Gardner–Hufford funeral parlors where it will lie until the funeral, the time of which had not been announced last night. Burial will be in the Iman family cemetery on Rock Creek and due to the present road conditions, it would be difficult to reach at this time. It was stated that notice of burial arrangements would be posted as soon as available. This would probably be Saturday, it was stated. Mr. Iman leaves two sisters, Mrs. Bevans with whom he lived and Mrs. Jeff Nix, also of Stevenson. Two surviving brothers are Lou Iman of Stevenson and Al Iman of Kalama, Washington. Funeral arrangements are in charge of Hendry-Gardner-Hufford.” John William Iman married: Mrs. Martha (Sutton) Walden, on 13 April 1925, in Tillamook Co. Oregon, the daughter of Joshua Barton Sutton and Jane Nancy (Faught); b. 12 December 1883, in Deer Co. Arkansas; d. 21 April 1965, in Grants Pass, Josephine Co. Oregon, aged 81. 113 She is buried in Hillcrest Memorial Park Cemetery, Grants Pass, Oregon. This marriage was very brief lasting only two years—if even that long. In 1927, Martha Walden filed for divorce. At the time of the divorce she was living in The Dalles, Oregon with at least three of her children from her previous marriage to William Alvin Walden. In the divorce papers Martha claimed John Iman had abused her children. THE DALLES WEEKLY CHRONICLE, The Dalles Oregon, 25 August 1927, Daily of 24 August, “Divorce Sought—Alleging curel and inhuman treatment, Martha Iman yesterday brought divorce action against John W. Iman to whom she was married at Tillamook April 13, 1925. The plaintiff accuses the defendant of having an ungovernable temper, and alleges that shortly after they were married he threatened to strike her 19-year-old son by a temper, and alleges that shortly after drove a 17-year-old and a 15-year-old son out of the house within a week, she claims. Iman left the family home several times and did not contribute to her support on various occasions, she declares.” THE DALLES WEEKLY CHRONICLE, The Dalles Oregon, 20 October 1927, Daily of 17 October, “Divorce Granted—A divorce decree was granted Saturday to Martha Iman from John W. Iman. The court awarded the plaintiff her former name of Mrs. Martha Walden.”

113 Oregon death index: Martha T. Johnson, spouse John, d. 21 April 1965, aged 81, certificate no. 4845.

74 John William Iman and Martha (Walden) had no children. Martha (Sutton) married 1) William Alvin Walden, on 1 June 1899, in Clark Co. Oregon, 114 the son of William Henry Walden and Sarah Millisa (Greene); 115 b. 22 May 1872, in Harlan Co. Kentucky; d. 4 July 1935, in Portland, Multnomah Co. Oregon. 116 He is buried in the Riverview Cemetery, Portland, Oregon or in the Finley Sunset Hills Memorial Park, Portland, Oregon. William Alvin Walden and Martha (Sutton) divorced about 1923.

Not found in 1900 census.

1910 census Clark Co. Washington, Mountain View, e. d. 56, p. 64A, sheet 6A, Center Road, no. 106-106: WALDEN, William A., head, 37, 1st md., md. 10y, Kentucky/ Kentucky/ Indiana, farmer – general farm, can read/ write, owns farm – free of mortgage Martha L., wife, 25, 1st md., md. 10y, 4 children 3 living, Arkansas/ Missoury/ Arkansas, can read/ write Loren, son, 9, Idaho/ Kentucky/ Arkansas, attends school Marvin B., son, 4, Idaho/ Kentucky/ Arkansas Melvin, son, 3, Washington/ Kentucky/ Arkansas

1920 census Skamania Co. Washington, Underwood, e. d. 369, p. 12B, sheet 2B, no. 41-41: WELDEN, Wm., head, rents house, 46, can read/ write, Kentucky/ Virginia/ Kentucky, laborer – camp Martha, wife, 36, can read/ write, Arkansas/ Kentucky/ Arkansas Marvin, son, 13, attends school, can read/ write, Idaho/ Kentucky/ Arkansas Melvin, son, 11, attends school, can read/ write, Washington/ Kentucky/ Arkansas Floyd, son, 9, attends school, Washington/ Kentucky/ Arkansas Leslie, son, 5y 10 mos., Washington/ Kentucky/ Arkansas Leonard, son, 2y 8 mos., Washington/ Kentucky/ Arkansas

William or Martha Walden not found in 1930 census.

1930 census Klickitat Co. Washington, Camas, settlement on White Salmon River, e. d. 20-7, p. 181B, sheet 6B, no. 127-127: WALDEN, Lorin, head, rents house, 29, age at 1st md. 19, can read/ write, Idaho/ Kentucky/ Kansas, farmer – general farm Elsie, wife, 30, age at 1st md. 19, can read/ write, Washington/ Minnesota/ Minnesota Marjorie, daughter, 8, attends school, Oregon/ Idaho/ Washington Junior, son, 7, attends school, Washington/ Idaho/ Washington 114 Marriage records Clark Co. Washington. 115 From Bill Walden and Darlene Prevatt Walden, Ancestry World Connect: William Alvin Walden (1872-1934) worked in the wood industry most of his life as a logger. He hated being in town he liked being out in the woods and did not want to own anything. He married Martha sutton in 1899 in Clark Co. Washington. They had 6 boys and 1 girl. The girl died when she was 2 years old in Idaho and it is said that Martha never got over the daughters death. William Henry Walden (1840-1925), b. Orange Co. Indiana; d. Sawtel, Los Angeles Co. California. He served in the Civil War, Kentucky 4th Infantry. He married 1) Sarah Milissa (Greene) (1844-c1874), c1860, in Orange Co. Indiana. They had five children, one of whom d. young. About 1874 he moved with his family from Kentucky to Clark Co. Washington. The first wife Sarah died shortly thereafter in Clark Co. After her death William Henry Walden abandoned his children. Son William Alvin was then aged 9 years, daughter Maggie Virgina, 10 years, daughter Sina E., 13 years and daughter Minnie Belle Walden, 17 years.The people of LaCenter, Clark Co. Washington where the family had lived took the children in out of kindness. William Henry Walden married 2) Katharine Elizabeth (Bowman) (1867-1950), on 1 August 1882, in Spokane Co. Washington. William Henry and Katharine also had five children. William and Katherine later divorced. It is said that when William Henry Walden became old none of his children wanted to take care of him. 116 Oregon death index: William Walden, spouse Martha, d. 4 July 1935, certificate no. 2127.

75 Evelyn, daughter, 5, Washington/ Idaho/ Washington Leland, 1y 10m, Oregon/ Idaho/ Washington Melvin, brother, 22, single, can read/ write, Washington/ Idaho/ Kansas, laborer – general farm Floyd, brother, 19, single, can read/ write, Washington/ Idaho/ Kansas, laborer – general farm Leslie, brother, 16, cn read/ write, Washington/ Kentucky/ Kansas, laborer Leonard, brother, 13, attends school, can read/ write, Washington/ Kentucky/ Kansas

Children of William Alvin Walden and Martha (Sutton): i. Loren (1900- 1982), ii. child (c1902-1904), iii. Marvin (1906-1965), iii. Melvin (1908-), iv. Floyd (1910-1995), v. Leslie Alvin (1914-1976) and vi. Leonard (1917- 1981) Walden. Martha Sutton married 3) John Johnson, “Jack”, c1930, in Oregon; b. 9 September 1892, in SWEDEN; d. August 1965, at Grants Pass, Josephine Co. Oregon, of a stroke, aged 72. He is buried in the Hillcrest Cemetery, Grants Pass, Oregon. From Bill Walden, 14 July 2006, “Jack Johnson was my step grandfather he was born in Sweden. He was a good guy, worked as a cement worker. He liked to hunt and fish. He died of a stroke in Grants Pass, Oregon.” 117 viii. Albert8 Odum Iman, “Al,” b. 4 September 1866, at the Upper Cascades, Skamania Co. Washington; d. 31 December 1952, at the Light House Mission, in Raymond, Pacific Co. Washington, of myocarditis and hardening of the arteries, aged 86. 118 He is buried in the Iman Cemetery, Stevenson, Washington. Of the sixteen children of Felix and Margaret Iman, Albert was the last to pass away. (Illustrated is the signature of Albert Iman as Administrator of the Estate of Alfred E. Iman, 18 June 1896. 119) Albert Iman, known as Al, was a sawmill worker, although his death certificate states his occupation as ‘ship builder,’ an occupation which probably refers to his building scows and boats for the Columbia River trade. In 1900 he lived at Stevenson in the home of his sister Mrs. Flora Foster. In 1902 after his marriage to Christina (Nelson) Iman, the widow of his brother James, he and Christina moved to Roy, Washington where his sister Rosa Iman and her husband Daniel Jones then lived. A year or so later Al and Christina returned to Stevenson. In 1920, while Christina remained at Stevenson, Albert with his brother George worked in the various lumber and logging camps in Lewis Co. Washington. Upon returning to Stevenson Al took his family to Cowlitz, Lewis, Pierce and Raymond Cos., Washington where he again worked in various lumber and logging camps. In later years it appears Albert and Christina separated, for during the last ten years or so of their lives they lived in different towns, Albert at Tacoma, Washington with son, Jesse Iman, and Christina in Cowlitz Co. Washington with daughter, Mrs. Ethel Ridley. (See more information on this under Christina Nelson biography, p. 79.) Relatives recall that Albert could play the violin quite well and often played for country and western square dances.

1900 census Skamania Co. Washington, Stevenson, e.d. 206, p. 13A, no. 261-269:

117 Biographical note found on website called “Find A Grave” ( www.findagrave.com ), under cemetery listing for Jack Johnson, in Hillcrest Cemetery, Josephine Co. Oregon. 118 Death Certificate. Birth date on death certificate is 4 September 1863, age at death 89. Consistent census records show him to have been born in 1866 and two years younger than his brother John William Iman born in 1864. 119 Skamania Co. Washington, Superior Court records, No. 68, Bk. 1, p. 25, Alfred E. Iman Estate, administrator Albert O. Iman.

76 Albert O. Iman in home of sister Flora Foster (see p. 38).

SKAMANIA COUNTY PIONEER, Stevenson Washington, 7 February 1901, “Old Iman wheel powered sawmill to be updated and reopened by Albert Iman.” SKAMANIA COUNTY PIONEER, 16 May 1901, “A. O. Iman and Lou Powers in a rowboat coming up the river found a dead body.” SKAMANIA COUNTY PIONEER, 1 August 1901, “Old water powered Iman sawmill running now. The old water wheel was replaced by a boiler and engine.” SKAMANIA COUNTY PIONEER, 18 September 1942, Aged Man Takes Own Life While Engaged in Deal — Leaves Company in Front Room, Goes to Rear and Fires Fatal Bullet, “Adolph (Ed) Barnedt, nearly 75 years old, who had lived alone in a small house in the south end of town since coming to Stevenson, three months ago, shot himself to death shortly before noon Monday. The act was apparently unpremeditated and occurred while Clyde W. Linville, Jr. and Al Iman waited in the front of the house while he sought a piece of machinery in the rear. — Iman had gone to the house to make a deal for some saw mill parts which Barnedt had on the premises. Oinville had gone with him. They spent an hour or more making an inventory when Barnedt went to the back of the house. In less than a minute, a shot was heard and the body was heard to fall to the floor. Upon investigation, the man was found slumped near the wall with a gaping hole in the side of the face. Death came before aid could be summoned. — The victim was eccentric in many ways and was said to harbor hallucinations that someone sought his life. He had appeared before a sanity board several weeks ago but was found to be rational with the above exception, and was considered to be harmless. He had engaged in the saw mill business for many years in Klickitat county, coming to Stevenson from White Salmon. He had concealed the gun which he used, about the house. It was a 45-70 caliber and a self- loaded shell was used. — Two sons, Dee Barnedt, of Prescott, Wash., and Datus Barnedt, of White Salmon, were notified and came to the city to make funeral arrangements. The remains were taken to White Salmon.” SKAMANIA COUNTY PIONEER, 5 March 1943, A. C. Iman Loses His Ration Book, “When a person loses Ration Book No. 1, and just ahead of the time he was to present it to secure Ration Book No. 2, it is tough luck. But such was the plight of Albert O. Iman long time resident of Stevenson, who has appealed for aid in locating the missing treasure. — Iman didn’t discover his misfortune until he went to apply for Book Two. Registrars were unable to issue the book because they needed information obtainable only from Book One, and Mr. Iman has begun a search for it—so far without success. — Inasmuch as the lost book is of no use to anyone other than the person to whom it was issued, it is believed it will be returned if found. In the meantime, the loser is deprived of articles he might obtain, until such time as he may re-register and start all over again.” (Note: During World War II the United States government issued ration books to all americans allowing purchases of limited supplies of commodities such as sugar, coffee and gasoline.) THE RAYMOND HERALD, Raymond Washington, 1 January 1953, Elbert O. Iman Yields To Death, “Elbert O. Iman, 89, resident here for the last 20 years died Wednesday morning at a local nursing home after a long illness. He was born September 4, 1863, at Stevenson, Wash., where his parents were the first white settlers. His wife, Christina, died in 1935. Surviving are three sons, Elbert Jr., Harold and Sim F., all of this city; a daughter Mrs. Ethel Taylor of Portland, and five grandchildren. The body will lie in state at the Family Funeral Chapel until Sunday evening. A memorial service will be conducted at the Light House Mission on First St. Friday at 8 p.m. and graveside rites will be in the Iman Cemetery, Stevenson, Monday at 2 p.m. M. J. Stalhamer will officiate.”

77 Albert Odum Iman married: Mrs. Christina (Nelson, or Nilson) Iman, “Crisy”, about 1902, probably in Skamania Co. Washington, though not recorded there, the daughter of John Nelson (or Nilson) and Ina (Tompson);120 b. 4 February 1877 (birth date from death certificate; obituary, b. 4 February 1876), in Christiana (Oslo), NORWAY (Note: In 1878 the town of Christiana was renamed Oslo.); d. 1 February 1935, in Kelso, Cowlitz Co. Washington, of a ruptured appendix, aged 57.121 She is buried in the Iman Cemetery, Stevenson, Washington. Her tombstone reads, | CHRISTINA IMAN | 1877 1935 |. The 1900 census Skamania Co. Washington states Christina (Nelson) Iman came to America in 1882 and had been a resident of America 18 years. Her death certificate states that she had been a resident of the United States fifty- two years (i.e. since 1883). She was a housewife, but sometimes worked as a domestic cook and private housekeeper. Christina (Nelson/ Nilson) married 1) James Riley Iman. For biography of James Riley Iman and Christina (Nelson/ Nilson), see p. 102. After the death of her first husband, James Riley Iman, Christina married Albert Odum Iman, brother of James Riley Iman. After the marriage Albert adopted and raised James two surviving children, Ethel and Simon Iman (see p. 102). Eventually Albert and Christina Iman had five children of their own.

1910 census Skamania Co. Washington, e.d. 290, p. 96A, sheet 11A, Cascade Avenue, no. 198-204 (next door to brother Louis Iman): Albert Iman, head, 44, md. 8 yrs, can read/write, Washington/ New York/ Iowa, sawyer at grist mill, rents house Christina, wife, 34, 8 children, 5 living, NORWAY/ NORWAY/ NORWAY, Ethel, step-daughter, 16, Washington/ Washington/ NORWAY, at school Simeon, step-son, 12, Washington/ Washington/ NORWAY, at school Jessie, son, 7, Washington/ Washington/ NORWAY, at school Arthur, son, 5, Washington/ Washington/ NORWAY, at school Albert, son, 3, Washington/ Washington/ NORWAY

SKAMANIA COUNTY PIONEER, Stevenson Washington, 19 April 1917, “Albert Iman has moved his family into the Rabenau house. They were living in the country before.” SKAMANIA COUNTY PIONEER, 30 August 1917, “Al Iman has moved from the old Rabenau house out to the Iman mill where he will be closer to his work.” SKAMANIA COUNTY PIONEER, 2 May 1918, “Al Iman was up from Cape Horn, Tuesday, looking for men to do logging and saw mill work. He could not find a single available man in town. All are at work.” (Note: This was during World War I and most of the young men of Skamania Co. had been drafted into the war.)

1920 census Lewis Co. Washington, Little Falls, Vader City, e.d. 109, p. 5B, no. 117-119: George Iman, head, rents, 52, single, can read/ write, Washington/ Illinois/ Indiana, laborer saw mill Al Iman, brother, 54, married, can read/ write, Washington/ Illinois/ Indiana, laborer saw mill

1920 census Skamania Co. Washington, Stevenson, e.d. 372, p. 6A, no. 124- 124: BRIGGS, B. F., head, 33, Nebraska/ New York/ Iowa, operator – power plant Dorothy, daughter, 7, Colorado/ Nebraska/ Kansas E. U. Gear, son, 6, Colorado/ Nebraska/ Kansas

120 Names of her parents from death certificate. John or Ina (Tompson) Nelson have not been found in any United States census. 121 Death Certificate.

78 Osker, son, 4, Colorado/ Nebraska/ Kansas Margrett, daughter, 2 months, Washington/ Nebraska/ NORWAY, IMAN, Christian, cook, female, 43, NORWAY / NORWAY / NORWAY, private housekeeper Sim. F., boarder, 22, Washington/ Washington/ NORWAY, logger - logging camp Jescy B., boarder, 16, Washington/ Washington/ NORWAY, filber – GPS section (Note: GPS: government power station?) Arthur, boarder, 15, Oregon/ Washington/ NORWAY, student Albert, boarder, 13, Oregon/ Washington/ NORWAY, student Harold, boarder, 8, Washington/ Washington/ NORWAY, student SKAMANIA COUNTY PIONEER, 19 November 1920, “Mrs. Al Iman is very ill at the home of her daughter, Mrs. Frank Ridley.” It is possible that in their last years Albert and Christina separated or divorced, friendly or otherwise. They were not living together at the time of the 1930 census. In that census Christina lived, or perhaps was on an extended visit, with her daughter Mrs. Ethel Ridley at Kelso, Washington. Albert lived with his son Jesse Iman at Raymond, Washington. In 1935 Christina died at the home of daughter Ethel at Kelso, Washington. Strangely her obituary does not mention husband Albert. Albert’s obituary, many years later, does mention wife Christina. Albert’s obituary also states he had lived in Raymond, Washington for twenty years (i.e. since 1932), which means he had lived in Raymond for three years prior to the death of Christina.

1930 census Pierce Co. Washington, Tacoma City, e.d. 27-121, p. 5B, no. 148-148: Iman, Jesse B., head, owns house, value of house $50, age 27, age at 1st md. 23, can read/ write, Washington/ Washington/ NORWAY, wood cutter – stove wood Anna L., wife, 21, age at 1st md. 17, can read/ write, Iowa/ Iowa/ NORWAY Laura M., daughter, 3 yrs 5 mos, Washington/ Washington/ Iowa  Albert O., father, 65, age at 1st md. 36, can read/ write, Washington/ Illinois/ Pennsylvania, sawyer – lumber mill Albert O., Jr., brother, 23, single, can read/ write, Washington/ Illinois/ Pennsylvania, second cook - cafe Harold C., brother, 18, single, can read/ write, Washington/ Illinois/ Pennsylvania, logger – lumber

1930 census Cowlitz Co. Washington, Castle Rock, e.d. 8-53, p. 8, sheet 4A, C Street, no. 74-76: RIDLEY, Frank, head, owns house, value of house $4500, age 41, age at 1st md. 21, can read/ write, Oklahoma/ Tennessee/ Arkansas, woods foreman – logging camp Ethel I., wife, 34, age at 1st md. 16, can read/write, Washington/ Washington/ NORWAY Goldie J., daughter, 14, can read/write, Washington/ Oklahoma/ Washington Crystal M., daughter, 6, Washington/ Oklahoma/ Washington IMAN, Christina, mother-in-law, 54, age at 1st md. 17, cannot read/write, NORWAY/ NORWAY/ NORWAY, date of immigration not given, no occupation SKAMANIA COUNTY PIONEER, 8 February 1935, obituary, Mrs. Christina Inman, “Mrs. Christina Nelson Inman, aged 59, a former resident of this community, passed away February 1st at Kelso. She was born in Christiania, Norway, February 4, 1876, and come to this country at the age of five. — Surviving her is one daughter, Mrs. Ethel Ridley, of Kelso, and five sons, Simon, Jess, Arthur, Albert and Harold, and eight grandchildren, besides a host of relatives and friends, who mourn her passing. — Burial services were conducted by the Rev. Mary E. Buckbee, pastor of the Pentecostal church, of Stevenson, at the Iman cemetery at Rock Creek, where the body was interred.”

79 SKAMANIA COUNTY PIONEER, 8 February 1935, Card of Thanks, “We wish to thank the friends and relatives for the kindness shown us during our recent bereavement. The Iman Family.” Children of Albert Odum Iman and Christina (Nelson/Nilson): i. Jesse 4 Bevan “Jess” (1903-1936), ii. Arthur Noble (1904-1946), iii. Albert Jr. “Poley” (1906-1968), iv. —inda May (male) (1909-1910) and v. Harold C. (1912-after 1937) Iman.122 ix. George8 Washington Iman, “George,” b. 8 July 1867, at the Upper Cascades, Skamania Co. Washington; d. 9 April 1935, at Stevenson, Skamania Co. Washington, of heart disease, aged 67. 123 He is buried in the Iman Cemetery, Stevenson, Washington. He was a skilled woodsman and worked in the sawmills. In 1920 he lived with his brother Albert in Lewis Co. Washington working in the timber industry. After he retired he and his brother John Iman lived in the home of their sister Mrs. Martha McKinnon at Stevenson. Signature from marriage license to Mrs. Minnie May (Mitchell) Freeman, 1923. Sometime before 1903 George Iman got into a fight with his ex-brother-in- law Monroe Vallette. It is said in the fight Vallette struck Iman in the left leg with an axe causing Iman a permanent stiff leg. Gor the rest of his life George Iman walked with a limp. SKAMANIA COUNTY PIONEER, 13 August 1903, “George Iman broke his left leg this morning while skidding logs at Aalvik’s mill. This was the stiff leg. The boys bound it up temporarily with splints and he was at once removed to Dr. Avary’s house for treatment. George thinks he was fortunate to have escaped with his life.”

EARLY DAYS AT THE CASCADES by George Iman (The SKAMANIA COUNTY PIONEER reprinted EARLY DAYS AT THE CASCADES in three parts in the weekly column HISTORY OF THE CASCADES, by Donald Brown; 23 November, 30 November and 7 December 1951.) “The first school that we went to was a log house someone had built. It was called the Minter cabin. It did not have any windows and only the ground for a floor. There were six scholars: my brother, T. C. Iman, Henry Shepard, Ellen Nelson, Mary Ann Nelson and Flora A. Iman. The teachers were Stark and J. A. Bull. The schoolhouse stood near the

122 Notes on children of Albert Odum Iman and Christina (Nelson/Nilson): i. Jesse Bevan Iman (1903-1936). Married Anna L. (——) (1909-). Children: i. Laura M. (1926-) and ii. son Iman. Lived Tacoma, Washington. SKAMANIA COUNTY PIONEER, 8 January 1937, Funeral of Jesse Iman Here Sunday, “Jess Iman, 33 years old, a nephew of Lou Iman, Stevenson pioneer, died in Lake View, Washington, last Friday following a long illness. The remains were brought to Stevenson on Sunday morning where a funeral was held and burial took place in Stevenson cemetery. Mr. Iman was the son of Al Iman, of Tacoma, who, with his wife, small son and daughter accompanied the remains from Lake View. Other relatives here for the funeral services were a sister, Mrs. Ethel Ridley, of Kelso, Washington, and a brother, Harold, also of Kelso.” ii. Arthur Noble Iman, d. 4 May 1946, Douglas Co. Oregon. iii. Albert Jr. Iman, known as Poley Iman, d. 22 May 1968, Longview, Cowlitz Co. Washington. SKAMANIA COUNTY PIONEER, 10 February 1910, “The 7 months old babe of Mr. and Mrs. Albert Iman died on Tuesday last week and was buried in the family cemetery on the L. F. Iman place near the 2 nd falls on Rock Creek. The family have the sympathy of the community in their bereavement.” iv. —inda May Iman. Washington death index lists this child as a male, with no name given. v. Harold C. Iman.In 1930 lived in Pierce Co. Washington, later moved to Oregon. 123 Death Certificate.

80 Lyndes planing mill. Mr. Nelson lived above Nelson Creek bridge and the place has been called Nelson place ever since. The Shepard family owned the donation claim where Stevenson now stands. My father lived on the west side of Rock Creek near what was once the Iman sawmill , and I remember when my father felled a large tree across the creek to make a foot bridge so we could cross on it going to school. It was near the first bridge on Rock Creek built by John Brazee during the early 70’s. The foot bridge was constructed by holes being bored ever so far apart in the log, and standards put in with rails on them to make it more safe. My father then adzed it off until it was about two feet in width and it made us a good foot bridge. My father was a skilled workman, and one who dared to tackle most any kind of a structure. He built and owned the third and fourth sawmills in this country. The first was built just below the 20 foot falls on Rock Creek, near the L. F. Iman place but was later carried away by a heavy flood in the creek. It stood the heavy strain of the angry water for about 24 hours, when it disappeared in the heavy Columbia. At first the mill was what is known as a sash saw mill and very much unlike the saw mills of today. The carriage ran on slides that were kept well oiled and I dare say, there are not many persons of today who have seen the sash mill in operation. The next mill was first a water-power mill and was driven by what is known as a center discharge wheel. It was afterwards driven by what is known as the overshot wheel. It was five feet on the face and twenty- nine feet in diameter. At last the mill was driven by a steam engine of the Houston, Stanwood and Gamble pattern. My father always had a large number of men employed while operating the Mill., including the tie makers and wood cutters. The logs were all taken to the mill by the old fashioned ox teams. My father aided in the construction of the blockhouse at the Upper Cascades, built in 1856. About that time there was a village just this side of the cut where the blockhouse stood. The name of it being called “Baghdad” at that time. The section house at the Cascade Locks was the John Chipman house on the John Chipman donation land claim and was built in 1855. It is a very good house now and an ancient piece of carpentry. Roger G. Atwell, a late pioneer, manufactured the first matches in the early 50’s. He lived just across the river from Stevenson. He and my father were partners in one of the first passenger boats that plied the river from the Cascades to The Dalles. The people called it the big float. It was huge, its beam being about 12 or 14 feet and its length about 40 feet. It was built of slabs, the edges of which were made straight and sized down on the bark side to fit the timbers, the sawed side out. Isaac H. Bush built a hospital near the blockhouse for the benefit of the sick emigrants who crossed the pioneer trail to help build our country. The first railroad at the Cascades ran near the I. H. Bush house; its cars were drawn by mules. I have some of the wood taken from it. It was built about 1850 or 1851. It was owned by Bradford and Company. There was also a mule road on the Oregon side of the river, owned by Colonel Ruckle. It extended from Cascade Locks down to Eagle Creek. At the time those roads were in operation the first steam craft came upon these waters to ply between the Cascades and The Dalles. She was an iron hull boat about 50 feet long with a propeller. Her name was Allen. Her Captain’s name was Gladwell. She was wrecked on a bar near Hood River. The next boat was the Mary and the third the Wasco, built by my father during the year 1854. On one of the small islands known as the Sullivan Islands, also called “Lower Memaloose Island”, was once a burying ground for the Indians.

81 Their mode of putting away the dead was to take them out to the Island and put them in what was known as “dead houses.” I well remember just how this dead house looked as I have visited this island many times. A hole dug in the ground, four or five feet deep and the size on the ground they wished it to be. They then put some pieces on the ground around the top of the basement, afterwards building a house with walls and roof. They would take the “Memaloosed” party down in the basement and put it next to the wall; then stack them as they died, one on top of the other, till the house was filled. The boxes used for burial were of most any length; it mattered not what the size of the person might be. The boxes were covered with most any kind of calico so long as it had red in the color. All of their belongings were put in with them. Another mode of burial was to put the corpses up into trees on shelves, also hang them by the neck to pins or beams in a house. Those who were hanged for participating in the war of 1856 were buried on the river bottom. Most all of the trees they were hanged on were washed away by the high water.” SKAMANIA COUNTY PIONEER, Stevenson Washington, 19 April 1906, Carson Items, “John Hollis failed to secure the services of Geo. Iman as foreman in his logging camp.”

1910 census, George Iman not found.

In 1913 George W. Iman was convicted of adultery in Pacific Co. Washington. Notes from the Walla Walla State Penitentiary records, “In December 1912, George Iman, while working at a logging camp at South Bend, Washington, got mixed up with a married woman there. Mr. Iman and his brother had been boarding at the woman’s home while working in the camp. The woman was Mrs. C. J. Olinger, was about 35 or 38 years old, and had three children. The woman’s husband was away at work at the time the adulteries were committed, but the adulteries were witnessed by two of the Olinger children, a girl aged twelve and a boy aged four. After a few incidents the children reported the situation to Mr. Olinger who then ordered Mr. Iman out of the house, never to return. Mr. Iman then went to Roy, Washington where after a short time Mrs. Olinger joined him. From there Iman and Mrs. Olinger went to Tacoma, Washington where Mrs. Olinger filed for divorce from her husband. Mr. Olinger responded by having Iman arrested for adultery.” George Iman adds, “I was accused of adultery on or about the 14th of January 1913. I then went to Roy, Washignton to visit my sister and while there I was arrested, I think on the 9th of March 1913. From Roy I was taken back to South Bend for trial and there found guilty.” For the record George Iman’s lawyer added a character reference, “Mr. Iman is a great fellow to talk, he is harmless as can be and not any too bright, an inoffensive citizen and in no way dangerous or vicious.” After the verdict of guilty in the adultery case George Iman was sentenced to Walla Walla State Penitentiary at Walla Walla, Washington for six months to two years. His inmate number was 6929. According to prison records, Mr. Iman had a fifth grade education, began smoking tobacco at the age of 18 years, drinking alcohol at the age of 19 years, which he continues to drink in moderation. His first arrest was at the age of 45 for obstructing a highway. He has mild hemorrhoids and at one time had lung fever. After serving about eight months George was paroled on 23 December 1913 into the care of his brother, Louis F. Iman. In a letter to his parole officer dated 2 June 1914 George requested permission to visit a hot spring spa in Mendocino Co. California for treatment of a painful spine condition. His request was denied by the parole officer, “… the very least you can expect to do is to keep your contract with the State, in view of the generosity with which the State has treated you. In due time, if you do this, you will receive your regular release.”

82 SKAMANIA COUNTY PIONEER, 29 January 1914, “George Iman has been visiting relatives and friends in Stevenson for the past couple of weeks and has noted many improvements in our city since he was here two years ago. He is now located at Raymond, Washington.”

1920 census Lewis Co. Washington, Little Falls, Vader City, e.d. 109, p. 5B, no. 117-119: George Iman, head, rents, 52, single, can read/ write, Washington/ Illinois/ Indiana, laborer saw mill Al Iman, brother, 54, married, can read/ write, Washington/ Illinois/ Indiana, laborer saw mill

1930 census, George Iman not found.

SKAMANIA COUNTY PIONEER, 17 June 1932, “George Iman plead guilty to an assault charge before Justice Jos. Gregorius at the court room Wednesday and was fined fifteen dollars and costs which he could not pay and was committed to the county jail to serve out the fine. The trouble grew out of demands Iman made at Ash & Wachters store, it is said. Iman demanded to be supplied with Red Cross flour and had been refused by the people in charge. An argument ensued and, it is claimed he struck Asa Need during the trouble. The arrest followed and he is now an inmate of the county jail.” (Note: At the time of the incident George Iman was 65 years old.) SKAMANIA COUNTY PIONEER, 7 April 1933, “George Iman is suffering from a very painful injury caused by stepping on a nail which was driven through his right foot.” SKAMANIA COUNTY PIONEER, 19 April 1935, obituary, George W. Iman, Born 1867, Passes Away at Home of His Sister , “George W. Iman, age 67 years 9 months, a pioneer of this community, passed away at the home of his sister Mrs. M. L. Bevens in Stevenson. He was born July 8th 1867 in the Upper Cascades, Washington Territory. He is survived by four brothers, John, Albert, Lou and Charley and two sisters, Mrs. Flora Nix and Mrs. Bevans. Funeral services were held at the Hendry-Gardner Chapel last Thursday afternoon and burial was made in the Iman Cemetery on Rock Creek.” George Washington Iman married: Minnie 9 May Mitchell, “May”, (Frank8, Oliver 7, Oliver 6, Joseph5, Azariah4, John3, John2, John1), on 14 July 1923, at Stevenson, Skamania Co. Washington;124 the daughter of Joseph Franklin Mitchell and Anna Emeline (Forgey); 125 b. 28 November 1878 (or 24 November

124 Marriage records Skamania Co. Washington. 125 From Rootsweb World Connect, Dean Johnston [email protected] : Joseph 8 Franklin Mitchell, son of Oliver Mitchell; b. 17 August 1845 in (Jefferson Co.) Iowa, d. 13 October 1927, in Salem State Hospital, Salem, Marion Co. Oregon; buried Crescent Cemetery, Metzer, Oregon (Note: no such town as Metzer exists in Oregon). Married Anna Emeline (Forgey), on 17 August 1870, in Lane Co. Oregon. Children: i. Martha H. (1871-), ii. William Elijah (1873-), iii. Mary Emeline (1875-), iv. Margaret Jane (1876-), v. Minnie May (1878-1958), married George Iman, vi. Franklin Leroy (1880-), vii. Elizabeth Addanne (1882-), viii. Oliver Hamlin (1884-), ix. John A. (1886-), x. Sylvester Penoyer (1889-), xi. Anna Rose (1893-) and xii. George Washington (1893-) Mitchell. Oliver 7 Mitchell (1810-1896), son of Oliver Mitchell Sr.; b. Hartford Co. Connecticut; d. Portland, Multnomah Co. Oregon; buried St. John’s Cemetery, North Portland, Oregon. Married Martha Caroline (Greene) (1822-), on 22 May 1839, in Jefferson Co. Iowa, daughter of Reynolds Greene and Frances (Hall) of Caswell Co. North Carolina and Alabama. Martha b. Alabama; d. Portland, Multnomah Co. Oregon. Had eleven children. Oliver 6 Mitchell (1783-1841), son of Joseph; b. Westfield, Hampden Co. Massachusetts; d. Ontario Co. New York. Married Hannah (Allen). Joseph 5 Mitchell (1762-after 1830), son of Azariah; b. Colchester, New London Co. Connecticut; d. Russell, Hampden Co. Massachusetts. Married Hannah (——).

83 1878 from Rootsweb World Connect), in Portland, Multnomah Co. Oregon;126 d. 2 March 1958, at Hillsboro, Washington Co. Oregon. She is buried in the I.O.O.F. Cemetery, at Hillsboro, Oregon. Minnie May Tweed signature from marriage license to Herbert L. Grantham. 1907. May Grantham signature from marriage to Henry Freeman. Mae Freeman signature from marriage license to George Iman, 1923. Minnie M. Iman signature from marrige to Roscoe M. Bennett. George Iman was the fourth husband of Minnie May Mitchell. They divorced after a brief marriage. They had no children. 1930 census Clark Co. Washington, Camas twp., between highway and country road across from Big Judy, e.d. 9, p. 2A, no. 36-37: IMAN, Minnie May, head, rents, 50, age at 1st md. 19 yrs, Oregon/ UNITED STATES/ UNITED STATES, works in paper bag factory

HILLBORO ARGUS, Hillsboro Oregon, 10 March 1958, obituary, Bennett Service Held Thursday, “Services were held Thursday morning in the chapel of Young’s Funeral home for Mrs. Minnie Mae Bennet, who died the previous Sunday at her home on south Seventh, Hillsboro. Rev. Jack Hann of the Christian church officiated and Mrs. Bennie Beall was organist. Interment followed in the IOOF cemetery. — Mrs. Bennett was born November 24, 1879, and had been a resident of Hillsboro the past 13 years. She was a member of the Christian church. She was married January 24, 1936, in Vancouver, Wash., to Roscoe M. Bennett, who preceded her in death. — Survivors include a son, George Tweed of Port Huenene, Cal.; daughters, Mrs. Leona Freeman of East Side and Mrs. Ruth Havlish of Portland; and a sister, Elizabeth A. Stewart of Portland. — Casket bearers included Julius Biksen, Rev. R. C. Leonard, Charles Watt, Thomas Ingling, J. C. Benge and J. W. Harader.” Minnie May Mitchell married several times: 1) Madison Sevier Tweed, (Gilbert, Reuben…), on 24 February 1897, in Oregon, the son of Gilbert W. Tweed and Mahala (——). He was b. 8 October 1873, at White Rock, Madison Co. North Carolina; d. 17 June 1960, at Florence, Lane Co. Oregon. 127 He served in World War I. Madison and Minnie Mae divorced about 1905.

Azariah 4 Mitchell (1742-1801), son of John; b. Colchester, New London Co. Connecticut; d. Canandaigua, Ontario Co. New York; buried Woolhouse Road Cemetery, Ontario Co. New York. Married Susannah (Knowlton) (c1742-), on 11 May 1762, at Colchester, New London Co. Connecticut. John 3 Mitchell (1707-c1758), son of John; b. and d. Hartford, Hartford Co. Connecticut. Married Rebecca (Ackley) (c1704-), she b. Haddam, New London Co. Connecticut. John 2 Mitchell (c1665-1695). He d. Hartford, Hartford Co. Connecticut. Married Elizabeth (Grave). John 1 Mitchell (d. 1683). Married Mary (——). 126 Date and place of birth from the marriage record. Date of death from Oregon death index, certificate no. 3615: Minnie Bennett, d. Washington Co. Oregon, 2 March 1958, spouse Roscoe. 127 Birth date of Madison Tweed from IGI, death date from Oregon death index.

1920 census Douglas Co. Oregon, Gardiner precinct, e.d. 151, p. 20A, farm on Five Mile Creek, no. 453-490: Sylvester Cox, Un, head, 70, single, Oregon/ Oregon/ Oregon, farm manager homestead  Madison Tweed, companion, 47, married, Oregon/ Oregon/ Oregon, farm helper homestead George R. Vallett, rents, head, 68, single, UNITED STATES / UNITED STATES/ UNITED STATES, trapper Edward Smith, companion, 68, single, Wisconsin/ UNITED STATES/ UNITED STATES, trapper 1930 census Douglas Co. Oregon, Gardiner precinct, e.d. 10-34, p. 166, sheet 1A, Suislaw National Forest, farm on Five Mile Creek, no. 3-3: Madison Tweed, head, owns farm value $3000, 58, divorced, can read/write, North Carolina/ North Carolina/ North Carolina, no occupation

84 1900 census Multnomah Co. Oregon, Precinct 3, Portland City, Ward 2, e.d. 40, p. 58B, sheet 13B, 335 Glisan, no. 164-190: TWEED, Madison S., head, Oct 1875, 26, md. 2yrs, North Carolina/ North Carolina/ North Carolina, day laborer, can read/ write, owns house free of mortgage Minnie G., wife, Nov 1878, 21, md. 2yrs, 0 children 0 living, Oregon/ Iowa/ Oregon, can read/ write ADAMS, Charles, lodger, Aug 1864, 35, single, Illinois/ Indiana/ Illinois, day laborer, can read/ write MITCHELL, Rosie, sister-in-law, Apr 1891, 9, Oregon/ Iowa/ Oregon, at school, can read/ write TURNBERRY, Peter, lodger, May 1861, 39, single, SWEDEN/ SWEDEN/ SWEDEN, came to America in 1888, in America 12 yrs, naturalized citizen, day laborer, can read/ write HEFFER, Martin, lodger, Feb 1865, 35, single, IRELAND/ IRELAND/ IRELAND, came to America in 1880, in America 20 yrs, naturalized, machinist (iron), can read/ write

In September 1918 the first husband of Minnie May (Sutton), Madison Sevier Tweed, was drafted into World War I, his draft papers states his closest relative as “Mrs. La Vone Freeman” who then lived at Camas, Skamania Co. Washington. Apparently La Vone Freeman is his daughter. Note that his first wife, Minnie May (Sutton) later married a Mr. Freeman, although this seems doubtful as no marriage record has been found for this marriage (see notes below on possibility of marriage of Minnie May Sutton to a Freeman). SIUSLAW OAR, Florence Oregon, 24 June 1960, obituary, Madison Tweed, “Graveside services were held 2 p.m., Wednesday at Masonic cemetery for Madison Sevier Tweed, 86, who passed away June 17. He had been a resident of Twilight Haven for two and one-half years. — Born October 12, 1873, at Madison county North Carolina, he had lived in the Ada area 57 years, engaged in farming. — Surviving are a daughter, LaVona Ray Tweed, Grants Pass.” Children of Madison Sevier Tweed and Minnie May (Mitchell): i. Anna Hannah (c1897–d. young), ii. LaVona (1900–living 1960), iii. George Ray (1902–1989) 128 and iv. —— (living 2001) Tweed.

128 GenForum, Tweed Family Genealogy Forum, 17 February 2002, from Diana Chesser, “George Ray Tweed (1902-1989) a wrote book, “Robinson Crusoe, USN”, about his experiences in Guam during World War II. A movie was made based on his book, “No Man is An Island”, starring Jeffrey Hunter. George Tweed died in an automobile accident in 1989. George Ray Tweed was the son of Madison Sevier Tweed, Madison Sevier Tweed was the son of Gilbert Tweed & Mahala Tweed. Gilbert Tweed is the son of Thomas Tweed (Thomas is the brother of my ancestor John Tweed) I would be glad share more information on this family. Diana, [email protected] ,” Article from the online encyclopedia Wikipedia, “ George Ray Tweed, (July 2, 1902 – January 16, 1989) was a Radioman in the United States Navy at the outbreak of WWII. — A sixteen year veteran of the Navy, George was the chief radioman on Guam when the Japanese invaded the island on December 10 1941. He and five other men slipped into the Guam jungle rather than become prisoners of war. — When the Japanese became aware of these men on the island they began to hunt for them. The Japanese issued an order demanding that they surrender within a 30 day period or be beheaded when captured. None of the men surrendered and the Japanese eventually captured and executed all of them except George. The Japanese also executed local Chamorro natives whom they suspected of helping the missing Americans. — George managed to elude the Japanese for two years and seven months, until just before the start of the Battle of Guam. On July 10, 1944 he was able to signal two destroyers involved in preparations for the impending US invasion. He was rescued by US troops. — For his heroism, George was awarded the Legion of Merit and promoted. — According to a newspaper article (Le Petit Journal, Montreal) from August 25, 1946, George Tweed had promised a local native, Antonio Artero, a brand new car if he evaded capture and return to the United States. George, with the help of General Motors, sent a car to Antonio Artero from San Francisco. — George Tweed died in an automobile accident in 1989. He is buried at Eagle Point National Cemetery in Oregon. — George Tweed's story is told in short in the official US Navy documentary on the Battle of Guam, as well as in the 1945 book " Robinson Crusoe, USN." His story was also dramatized in the 1962 movie No Man is an Island starring Jeffrey Hunter as George Tweed.”

85 Minnie May Mitchell married 2) Herbert 9 Lloyd Grantham, (Harvey8, Malachi/John7, John6, William4, John3?, Edward2, Edward1), on 20 September 1907, at Vancouver, Clark Co. Washington, 129 son of Harvey Berry Grantham and Anna (Hannah); b. (according to the 1900 census of Columbia Co. Oregon) October 1878; or (according to his tombstone) in 1880, in Multnomah Co. Oregon; d. June 1955, at Anchorage, Alaska; buried 4 June 1955. He is buried in the Angelus Memorial Park Cemetery, Anchorage, Anchorage Municipality, Alaska, aged 74. His tombstone reads, | Herbert L. Grantham | 1880 – 1955 |. Signature of H. L. Grantham from marriage license to Minnie May (Mitchell) Tweed. A record in the Oregon IGI shows his name as B. J. Grantham. At some point, according to the IGI Oregon, “B. J.” Grantham and wife Minnie lived at Three Pines, Josephine Co. Oregon, although no records for them have been found there.

1900 census Columbia Co. Oregon, St. Helens town, e. d. 6, p. 7A, no. 143: GRANTHAM, Herbert L., Oct 1878, 21, single, Oregon/ Illinois/ CANADA English speaking part, woodcutter, owns house - mortgaged

1930 census Thurston Co. Washington, Independence: GRANTHAM, Herbert L., 49, married, Oregon/ Illinois/ SCOTLAND

Children of Herbert L. Grantham and Minnie May (Mitchell): v. Ruth Pearl Hannah (1913-1996, married William O’Neel), vi. Margarette Anne and vii. Leona Grantham. Herbert Lloyd Grantham married 1) Laura E. Smith, on 3 July 1901, in Columbia Co. Oregon, daughter of A. A. Smith; b. 1884, in Columbia Co. Oregon. (Note: Some researchers show Herbert Lloyd Grantham married 1) Diana Hershner, but Diana Hershner was the second wife of Herbert’s father, Harvey Berry Grantham.) Minnie May Mitchell married 3) Henry Freeman, on 27 July 1918, in Wahkiakum Co. Washington. 130 Minnie May Mitchell married 4) George Iman, on 14 July 1923, in Skamania Co. Washington 131 (see George Iman history, p. 80). Minnie May Mitchell married 5), as his third wife, Roscoe Morton Bennett, on 24 January 1936, in Clark Co. Washington, 132 the son of John Ephraim Bennett and Caroline

129 Marriage records Clark Co. Washington. 130 Marriage records Wahkiakum Co. Washington. 131 Marriage records Skamania Co. Washington. 132 Marriage records Clark Co. Washington.

86 Elizabeth “Carrie” (Highland);133 b. 27 December 1877, in Buena Vista Co. Iowa; d. 28 June 1954, in Washington Co. Oregon, aged 76. 134 Roscoe M. Bennett married: 1) Edith Elizabeth Nellor, on 25 September 1900, in Cedar Co. Nebraska, 135 the daughter of John Nellor and Elizabeth Edith (Crellin); b. 28 February 1879, in Cumming Co. Nebraska; d. 11 March 1910. 2) Belle ——, c1914, in Oregon; b. 1878, in England; d. 1933. She is buried in the Fir Lawn Cemetery, Hillsboro, Washington Co. Oregon. Children of Roscoe M. Bennett and Belle (——): i. Margaret (c1906-) and ii. Mabel (c1908-) Bennett. x. Louis8 (Lewis) Franklin Iman, “Lou”, “Lew,” b. 4 March 1869, at the Upper Cascades, Skamania Co. Washington; d. 27 September 1947, at Stevenson, Skamania Co. Washington, “after a short illness,” aged 78. 136 He is buried beside his wife in the Iman Cemetery, Stevenson, Washington . Originally his grave was marked by a small flat polished black granite stone, | Lewis F. Iman | 1869–1949 |. This stone was damaged by snow and ice and was replaced in 2001 by a flat red granite stone with inscriptions for both he and his wife. The new stone reads, | IMAN | Lewis Franklin | Mar 4, 1869 | Sep 27, 1947 || Emily May | Sep 4, 1872 | Sep 13, 1945 |. Lou Iman was said to look exactly like his father. Mrs. Ruth (Moore) Jory, granddaughter of Flora (Iman) Foster and great granddaughter of Felix and Margaret Iman, said, “If you looked at Lou it was exactly like looking at Felix.” As a child Lou worked for his father in the Iman sawmill . As an adult he was said to stand 6’ 5”, the tallest of the Iman children. After his marriage he owned and ran a bar, the Headquarters Saloon, at Stevenson, Washington for many years. He could play the violin, and often played for square dances. He used to joke, telling everyone his violin had been made by Stradivarius. 137 Florence Barringer, a cousin, remembers as a girl seeing Lou at times go out into a field alone to practice or play his violin. Always before too long a crowd would gather to listen or dance. Lou was a lifetime member

133 John Ephraim Bennett (1849-1916), b. Ohio; d. Washington Co. Oregon. He is buried in the Hillsboro Pioneer Cemetery, Hillsboro, Washington Co. Oregon. Married Caroline Elizabeth (Highland) (1858-after 1930), b. Green Co. Wisconsin; d. possibly Washington Co. Oregon. 1880 census Buena Vista Co. Iowa, Hayes twp., District 21, p. 75B: John E. Bennett, 31, farmer, Ohio/ Ohio/ Ohio; Caroline E., 21, wife, Wis./ ENGLAND/ ENGLAND; Maud, 4, daughter, Iowa/ Ohio/ Wis.; Roscoe M ., 2, Iowa/ Ohio/ Wis.; KEES, John W., 13, nephew, Illinois/ Ohio/ Ohio; RENNALL, William T., 27, hired help, Ohio/ Ohio/ Ohio; KEES, George A., 14, nphw (nephew), herding cattle, Michigan/ Ohio/ Ohio. 1920 census Washington Co. Oregon, Reedville precinct, e.d. 423, p. 189, sheet 1A, Base Line Road, farm: 9-9 Carrie Bennett, head, owns home value $5000, 60, widow, can read/ write, Wisconsin/ ENGLAND/ ENGLAND, poultry keeper poultry farm 10-10 Roscoe, head, rents, 43, married, can read/ write, Iowa/ Wisconsin/ Wisconsin, poultry man poultry farm Belle, wife 42, can read/ write, naturalized citizen, ENGLAND/ ENGLAND/ ENGLAND Margaret, daughter, 14, can read/ write, Nebraska/ Iowa/ ENGLAND Mabel, daughter, 12, can read/ write, South Dakota/ Iowa/ ENGLAND

1930 census Washington Co. Oregon, election precinct 36 outside Arinco, e.d. 34-48, p. 152, sheet 2A, Dora --- Road, no. 28-28: Carrie Bennett, owns home value $5000, 75, widow, age at 1st md. 16, can read/ write, Wisconsin/ ENGLAND/ ENGLAND Roscoe, son, 51, married, age at 1st md. 22, can read/ write, Iowa/ Ohio/ Wisconsin, farmer gen farm 134 Oregon death index, certificate no. 8531: Roscoe M. Bennett, d. Washington Co. Oregon, 28 June 1954, spouse Winnie. 135 Marriage records Cedar Co. Nebraska, Book 3, p. 431. 136 Death Certificate. 137 Antonio Stradivarius (c1644-1737), italian violin maker who brought the art of violin making to its highest level. His violins are noted for beauty of appearance, sound and perfect balance. At auction Stradivarius violins often sell in the millions of dollars.

87 of the Eagles Lodge, and was married to his wife Emily for 56 years. They lived at Stevenson. A wooden ox–yoke handmade about 1890 by Louis Iman is on display at the Skamania County Historical Society Interpretative Center at Stevenson (see photograph of ox–yoke, p. —). It is said that in his old age Lou had long white wavy hair and a long white beard that he very frequently ran his fingers through. TOLD BY THE PIONEERS, Volume 3 Reminiscences of Pioneer Life in Washington Interview with Louis F. Iman (From TOLD BY THE PIONEERS, Tales of Frontier Life as Told by Those Who Remember the Days of the Territory and Early Statehood of Washington, 3 Volumes, Works Progress Administration, Olympia, Washington, 1937-38.) “Father came here in 1852 by ox team. There were 37 wagons in their train. They had to get together because they were afraid of the Indians. Mother came West that same year, from DeKalb County, Missouri, but she did not meet father until after they both came to live in the Cascades. Mother was born in Tippecanoe County, Indiana. Her maiden name was Windsor. When father’s wagon train reached the Snake River, they dumped out a lot of their supplies and furnishings and used the wagon boxes for boats to float down the river. But you can’t navigate a stream like that in wagon boxes and this they found out. 138 Father came to this country because there was more opportunity here for work and better pay. Back in Illinois he got paid $8.00 a month and he was a good carpenter and a mechanic, too. Here at the Cascades he could make that much in one day building boats and boathouses.

138 A similar situation occurred to the Peter Paquet [1839-1896] family of St. Louis, Missouri who, like Margaret Iman, also emigrated on the Oregon Trail in 1852 leaving from St. Joseph, Missouri and arriving at Portland, Oregon….. the Paquets “pursued their journey without particular incident or accident, barring the usual sickness and privations which were the lot of most of the emigrants of that year, until they reached the crossing of Snake river. Here some rascally traders had established themselves for the purpose of swindling the tired emigrant, and buying the running gear of his wagons, after persuading him that he could get into a boat, conjured out of an old wagon-bed caulked up tight with rags, and that he could float down the Snake river into the Columbia, and down the Columbia to the mouth of the Willamette, and up the Willamette directly into the settlements, without any obstruction whatever. To the weary and travel-worn emigrant, who had inhaled the usual amount of alkali dust, this was indeed an alluring prospect. — The Paquets, with several others, concluded to try this river route. A busy scene followed. The running gear of the wagons was sold to the traders, who were there for that purpose, at their own price. Nine wagon-beds were speedily converted into nine little flatboats; and these nine little flats were lashed together three abreast and three deep, making a craft about eleven feet wide, and about thirty feet long. Into this frail craft all the household goods of these sturdy pioneers was placed, oars were rigged, and the command given to start; and this novel craft, with its living freight, consisting of eight men, five women, and about one dozen children, glided gracefully down the stream, the voyagers little thinking of the troubles in store for them. The first afternoon was all that could be desired, and justified the assertions of the traders, about fifteen miles being made. The next day, however, they began to encounter rapids and a rough, rocky bottom; and on the fourth day the great falls were reached, where it became necessary to unlash and detach the wagon-beds, and, taking each one separately, to carry it on the shoulders of men over steep, rough mountains for over half a mile, before it could be placed in the water again. It required three days of almost superhuman effort to accomplish this result; but it was done successfully, and the journey resumed. Every day brought its new troubles; and such were the difficulties to overcome that it required twelve days to accomplish the journey to the crossing of Snake river near old Fort Boise, a distance that can be traveled by land in about four days. — There our voyagers were informed that it was impossible to reach the [Oregon] settlements in that way, and the journey was given up. The wagon-bed flatboat was sold to some parties for a ferry-boat, and our travelers compelled to resort to ox-teams and wagons again. The weary journey was resumed; and without further incidents, except the usual ones, of stock stampedes, losses of stock, Indian scares, and such trifles, the party reached The Dalles…” (From biography of Peter Paquet, HISTORY OF THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST OREGON AND WASHINGTON, Volume II, published North Pacific History Company, Portland Oregon, 1889, p. 510, 511.)

88 I remember a few log houses here as a boy, but most of them were box houses of lumber, upright, with battens over the cracks, and were 16 x 24 feet in size. We got around in boats. All boys had to learn to row. Many a time I've rowed a boat across the river here for medical aid. My oldest sister was the first white woman born in Skamania County. Her name is Flora Addia (Iman) Nix. She was 80 years old on the 24 th day of March, so she was born here in 1856. Also, my brother was the first white boy born in Wasco County, Oregon. For food we had salmon, spuds and plenty of wild game. — Indian Stories — When my father came here, there were fifty Indians to one white man. On March 26, 1856, there was an Indian massacre. I guess the fight was really between two chiefs, Chief Chinault and Chief Banahah. Each wanted to be supreme here and control the white man. A half-breed, a Kanaka Tetoh, son of the old chief Tetoh, married the chief’s daughter after Banahah’s death. A man named Jones told me this. Tetoh came to town to get a coffin for his father, the chief, who had died. He said he’d take two coffins. Jones said, “Why, is the old woman dead, too?” “No,” replied Tetoh, “but she will be!” And sure enough, she did die. Sure, I can talk Chinook, but I have to have an Indian tell me what I’m saying. An Indian can talk English if you have something he wants and won’t give it to him, but if you want something from him, you have to talk Chinook. My father owned a little water-power mill. He and Mr. Sheppardson built the first school house here, on the Sheppardson donation claim with lumber from this mill, the building being 16 x 24 feet. It had different sizes of desks in it. My first teacher was Blake. He was a terrible man. Other teachers I had were Coffee, Denver Clark and Bull. In 1880 I was too big to go to school, so I quit. My teacher that year was Isabelle Cleary from Vancouver. She gave me a certificate of excellence for that year. I have it yet. A lot of people here made their living by chopping wood for fuel for the steamboats. You’d see the banks all lined with piles of cordwood. Horseshoes was a popular game in our school days and still is, for that matter. The early Indians had bark houses and dug-out canoes. In 1886, I saw an Indian making a canoe . He was chiseling it and burning it out. The chips he made with the chisel he used for the fire. It must have taken him months to hollow it out. In 1867 we all stayed in the block house for a couple of weeks because of Indian trouble. In 1884 we had a terrible lot of snow. After one storm, six trains were blocked out of here. The snow was over the tops of rail fences. That is the only kind of fence we had here then. This town was laid out in 1893 on the Sheppardson donation land claim. The high water of 1894 didn’t do much damage right here, but it was clear up in all of these buildings. In 1890 the river was frozen over. No materials or provisions could come in for some time, because the boats couldn’t come up the river. I put up ice right down here that year. Three times that year the river froze up. It’s dangerous when the ice breaks up. The big cakes float down and get in a jam. The river never freezes over slick like a lake. These huge cakes of ice pile up and the water around them freezes roughly. Hailstorms are common here and we have them all the year. Not very large hail stones, though. The first Fourth of July celebration here was in 1894. We had a big picnic. About 15 or 20 people lived here then.

89 In 1902 we had a terrible forest fire along here, but right in Stevenson here we were lucky. It made a sort of half circle around the town, but the smoke was terrible. (Note: This was the Yacolt Fire, the largest forest fire in the history of Washington. Monroe Vallette who married Emily May Iman was blamed for starting this fire, see p. 106.) We were married here in Stevenson in 1889. After the wedding dance we took to the trail and walked over to a ‘Black and Tan’ dance. I call it that because there were so many Indians and half breeds there. I used to play the fiddle for dances.”

OREGONIAN, Portland Oregon, 12 June 1933, Impressions and Observations of the Journal Man, column by Fred Lockley: “I was born the day that Grant was first inaugurated and if you know anything about history you know that was on March 4, 1869,” said Louis Franklin Iman when I interviewed him at his home at Stevenson. “My father, Felix Grundy Iman , was born in Illinois, November 24, 1828. My mother, whose maiden name was Margaret Windsor was born in Tippecanoe county, Indiana. She never had any birthdays for she didn’t know what day or month she was born. She was left an orphan when she was a baby, and the folks that took her either didn’t know or didn’t tell her when she was born. My father crossed the plains by ox team in 1852. Mother crossed the same year, but in a different train with a family named Wilson. — Mother was 15 years old when the wagon train she was with reached The Dalles. They put her on the raft to go to Portland but she was so sick that they landed at Shepherd’s Point which is now known as Stevenson. Mother had the mountain fever and was unconscious. They took her to a hotel here at The Cascades not knowing whether she would live or die. Isaac Bush ran a hotel, saloon and store here in 1852. The Wilsons went on to the Willamette valley. After a few days Mother took a turn for the better and in a few weeks was able to earn her keep in the hotel as a waitress. — My father was working as a carpenter, building the steamer Mary, a small side-wheeler built by Bradford & Coe. Captain Eph Baughman was put in command. One of the owners, Captain Lawrence W. Coe was the son of Nathaniel Coe. The Mary was built near the mouth of Blue creek a the Upper Cascades. Father boarded at Bush’s hotel and there he met Mother. She was about 16 when Father married her. Thy were married by the Justice of the Peace, who boarded at Bush’s Hotel. Father later worked on the building of the Wasco, built by Put Bradford, to connect with the Fashion, which plied between Portland and the Lower Cascades. — After my father and mother were married,” said Mr. Iman, “Father took up a donation land claim about half a mile north of the head of the rapids on the Washington side of the river. My father and mother had 16 children. I was the 10th. Seven of us are still living. My father died in July 1903 and my mother about 19 years ago.” OREGONIAN, Portland Oregon, 13 June 1933, Impressions and Observations of the Journal Man, column by Fred Lockley, “Lewis F. Iman has lived at Stevenson, Wash., for the past 64 years. He was born there on March 4, 1869. ‘My father, who was a boat-builder, went to work at The Cascades in the fall of 1852, “ said Mr. Iman. “Father owned a water-power sawmill where I worked as a boy. Later I worked on fish wheels in the Columbia river. When I went to work on the fish wheels sturgeon were not considered food fish as they are today. They used to get in the fish wheels, to our great annoyance. I have killed thousands of them. I usually hit them in the head with a sledgehammer and threw them back in the river. I saw one sturgeon that dresses 600 pounds. Later a man used to buy the sturgeon from us, paying 40 cents each if the sturgeon ran from four to eight feet long. I found out later that he sold the eggs at 5 cents a pound. They made what is called caviar from the eggs. I worked on the river or in sawmills for a good many years. Later I ran a saloon here. It’s real name was the Headquarters Saloon, but everyone called it the Red Line Saloon. I ran it for 12 years, from 1904 to 1916, and would have run it longer, but the people in Washington

90 voted saloons out, so I had to quit. — I was married on January 1, 1889, to my cousin, Emily May Iman. We were married by Probate Judge William Thomas. We have had eight children, three of whom are still living. We have had five grandchildren and we had one great-grandchild. — I’m afraid I’m not keeping up the family record. I have only eight children while my father and mother had 16. Yes, sir, it was quite a job picking out names for them. My oldest brother was named Theodore Columbus. Then came Flora Adelia, Mary Elizabeth, Elnora Supronia, Martha Luchada, Rosalia Almeda, John William, Albert Odam, George Washington, Lewis Franklin—that’s myself, then James Riley, Alfred Edmund, Emily Cordelia, Annie Laurie, Charles Nathanell and Josiah Malcolm. My sister Flora Adelia was 2 days old when the Cascade massacre occurred. — Gold had been discovered in Eastern Washington in 1855. This district was known as the Colville diggings. Hundreds of white men prospecting in the country there had made the Indian restless. Things were booming at The Cascades on account of the heavy travel of prospectors and the shipment of freight into the mining district. Late in the fall of 1855 Daniel F. Bradford and his brother, Putnam, began building a tramway between the Upper and Lower Cascades. It was about five miles long. At about the same time—that is, in the fall of 1855—Major Rains built a blockhouse a mile below the Upper Cascade landing. — Early in March, 1856, some Klickitat Indians stole some cattle from Mrs. Joselyn, near the mouth of White Salmon. General Wool, who was in command of the department of the Pacific, had ordered Colonel George Wright to establish headquarters of his regiment at The Dalles. Colonel Wright was to march to Walla Walla to subdue the Yakima and other Indians. On March 20, Lieutenant Bissel was ordered to go with his soldiers from the Upper Cascades to The Dalles. Sergeant Kelly with nine men was left in charge of the blockhouse at Fort Rains to guard the government property. The Indians who lived at the Lower Cascades were friendly to the whites. When Colonel Wright started from Walla Walla, Kaimiakin, chief of the Yakimas, in conjunction wit the Klickitat Indians, forced the Columbia river Indians to attack the Cascades settlements. The very day that Colonel Wright started from The Dalles to Walla Walla the Indians attack the Upper, Lower and Middle Cascades. This was on March 26, 1856. My folks escaped carrying my sister, who was only 2 days old, with them.” Lewis Franklin Iman married his first cousin: Emily 6 May Eyman, “May”, “Grannie May”, (Louis 5, Christian 4, Christian 3, Christian 2, Ulrich1), on 1 January 1889, at the home of Theodore Iman, Stevenson, Skamania Co. Washington, by William E. Thomas, Probate Judge; 139 the daughter of Louis Eyman and Harriet Caroline (Kidd); 140 b. 4

139 Marriage records Skamania Co. Washington. 140 Louis Eyman (1844-1913) was a brother of Felix Grundy Iman. Louis married Harriet Caroline (Kidd) (1849-1933), on 5 September 1871, in Monroe Co. Illinois. In 1884 the Eymans came from Monroe Co. Illinois to Skamania Co. Washington. In 1889 they moved from Stevenson to Carson, Skamania Co. Both Louis and wife Harriet are buried in the Eyman Cemetery, at Carson. Children: i. Emily May (1872-1945), married Louis Iman; ii. Cyrus C. (1873–1874); iii. Flora (c1877-1931), married 1) Mr. Foster, 2) Mr. Bullard; iv. Lavina (1880-1955), married Frederic W. Foster (1877- 1959); v. Forrest M. Eyman (1882-1966); vi. Mrs. Anna Foster; vii. Jessie A. (1890-1981), twin of Lilly Dale, married Henry A. Fuller; viii. Lilly Dale Eyman (1890-1890, died an infant, twin of Jessie); ix. Lloyd D. Eyman; and x. H. H. Eyman. SKAMANIA COUNTY PIONEER, Stevenson Washington, 20 March 1913, Louis Eyman Called by Death, “Another old timer has been taken from our midst. In the death of Louis Eyman, of Carson, Wash., who died at the home of his daughter, Mrs. Louis Iman, of this place, last Saturday evening. He was born in Monroe county, Ill., and died at the age of 68 years, 8 months and 26 days, and leaves a wife, six children and many other relatives to mourn his departure. The children are Mrs. L. F. Iman and Mrs. Flora Foster of Stevenson; Mrs. Lavina Foster, of Carson, Mrs. Anna Foster, of Youman’s Spur, Wash.; Mrs. Jessie Fuller, Carson, Wash. and Mr. Forest Eyman, Carson, Wash. Mr. Eyman came west 29 years ago, settling at Carson 25 years ago, where he has lived ever since. Here he gathered around him many friends who are sorry that he has been taken from them. The funeral was held from the Methodist church of Carson at one o’clock Tuesday afternoon, with Rev. Chas. H. Nellor, officiating. The remains were taken from Stevenson to Carson on the 10:30 train, and a large number of friends and acquaintances from this place accompanied the funeral party. The church was full to its capacity with sympathetic and sorrowing friends. Mr. Eyman was a member of the Christian church and was always found in attendance at all religious services in the

91 September 1872, at Waterloo, Monroe Co. Illinois; d. 13 September 1945, at the Bonneville Sanitarium, North Bonneville, Skamania Co. Washington, of heart attack due to malnutrition “after a long illness,” aged 73. 141 She is buried beside her husband in the Iman Cemetery, Stevenson, Washington . Originally her grave was marked by a small flat polished black granite stone, | Emily M. (broken) | 1872 (broken) |. This stone was broken and replaced in 2001 by a flat red granite stone with inscriptions for both her and her husband. The new stone reads, || IMAN || Lewis Franklin | Mar 4, 1869 | Sep 27, 1947 || Emily May | Sep 4, 1872 | Sep 13, 1945 |. In later years she was known as Grannie May. As stated in the interview from Told By the Pioneers, Louis Iman said, “After our wedding dance we took to the trail, and walked over to a ‘black and tan’ dance. I call it that because there were so many Indians and half- breeds there.” 142 Historically Louis and May Iman were the first couple to be married in Stevenson, Washington… that is after Stevenson was founded. Louis Iman and his wife Emily May Eyman were first cousins, her father, Louis Eyman, being a younger brother of Louis’ father, Felix Grundy Iman . Originally the brother Louis Eyman had spelled his surname Iman, but descendants relate that Louis decided to change the spelling of his surname to “Eyman” so the two Iman families could tell each other apart. Other relatives state that the difference in spelling was done to expedite legal matters, such as land deeds, since many in the Iman clan had the same first name. Jack Moore, a great great grandson of Felix and Margaret Iman and great grandson of Flora (Iman) Foster, said the names were spelled differently because Louis and Felix had quarreled, “The family gossip regarding the different spellings of Eyman and Iman is that Felix and Louis quarreled, and in anger Louis moved to Carson and changed the spelling of his last name.” But quarrel or not in 1888 the brother Louis Eyman and family did move five miles east of Stevenson to Carson, Skamania Co., but there appears to have been no lasting animosity between the Iman/Eyman families, as they often attended the same occassions such as funerals. Louis Franklin Iman like many others living on the Columbia River in those days owned or worked on the scow boats that sailed the Columbia. These boats carried lumber firewood goods and passengers to the various towns along the river. SKAMANIA COUNTY PIONEER, Stevenson Washington, 29 January 1937, Incidents in Sailing Columbia River are Related by Pioneer , “One of the many thrilling incidents that occurred in the life of Lou Iman, while freighting cordwood on the Columbia river in the late ‘1800’s, he tells, of his scow The Mayflower, being blown ashore in the night, and of the terrific winds that surged up the Gorge with force enough to rip the main sail

community whenever his health would permit. The writer has been told by a number who have known him many years they never have known him to wrong anyone. The following words quoted by Mr. Nellor in his address are expressive of the condition that awaits such a life: The sun is but a spark of fire, A transient meteor in the sky; The soul immortal as its Sire, Shall never die. The soul of origin divine, God’s glorious image, freed from clay, In heaven’s eternal sphere shall shine; A star of Day.” SKAMANIA COUNTY PIONEER, Stevenson Washington, 20 March 1913, Card of Thanks, “The undersigned wish to hereby most heartily thank all who so kindly assisted them during the illness and funeral of their beloved husband and father. — Mrs. Louis Eyman and children.” SKAMANIA COUNTY PIONEER, 6 October 1933, Pioneer Woman Laid to Rest at Carson, “Mrs. Harriet Kidd Eyman passed away at Stevenson September 29, 1933 at the home of daughter May Iman. — She was born December 22, 1849, in Illinois. She married Lewis Eyman on September 5, 1871. Ten children were born to this union. The following survive, Mrs. May Iman, Stevenson; Mrs. Lavina Foster, Mosier, Ore.; Mrs. Jessie Fuller, Hermiston, Ore. and Forrest Eyman, Stevenson. Also nineteen grandchildren and nine great grandchildren. Burial was at Carson Cemetery on Monday afternoon, Reverend Dunlap officiating. Hendry-Gardner Chapel had charge of the services.” 141 Death certificate. 142 TOLD BY THE PIONEERS, Volume 3, p. 70. (TOLD BY THE PIONEERS, Tales of Frontier Life as Told by Those Who Remember the Days of the Territory and Early Statehood of Washington , 3 Volumes, Works Progress Administration, Olympia, Washington, 1937-38.)

92 riggings from the vessel and fling them far out into the raging flood, to be carried away and lost. — It was the summer of 1890 when the cord-wood scow The Mayflower was beating around 13-Mile Point under a raging tail wind. She was heading for Cullin’s Wharf, when the roaring wind proved too much for the old vessel, and the main-stay parted. This weakened the fore- main sail and it was ripped from its moorings and cast out into mountainous waves, a total loss. Being thus out of control, the scow was driven madly toward the Oregon shore, where she struck with a jolt that made the whole frame shudder and creak. As night drew near, the tempest died down and the vessel was kedged off of the sand, inch by inch, until she again was in deep water. A temporary top-sail was rigged, and with this aid, they limped back to Nelson Creek and from there to Cascade Locks, where a complete new set of rigging was installed. — At another time, in the spring of 1891, the Mayflower was drifting back, downstream, from Hood River the custom then was to sail up-stream and drift back at night, as the wind usually died down in the evening. It was Lou Iman’s watch at about 1 o’clock a.m., when the scow was just west of Mamaloose Island. Mr. Iman dozed off and went to sleep. He awoke with a start, to find the vessel swinging around and around. He couldn’t tell whether he was headed up river or down. Just then he heard a train whistle off the starboard side, and he knew the boat was headed upstream, as there were no railroads on the Washington shore. He immediately awakened the rest of the crew, and tried to swing the vessel back on its course, but they were unsuccessful, and agreed that she was stuck fast in the sand. It was only after house (hours) of hard labor that they finally worked her off into deep water. He resolved then never to sleep on his watch again.” In the 1890’s Lou Iman took work on the construction of the Cascade Locks canal then being built at Cascade Locks, Oregon. He later recalled that everyday he would walk down to the river, row across, and work for ten hours at ten cents an hour. 143 (Note: The “canal” was on the Columbia River at Cascade Locks, Oregon, just across the river from Stevenson, Washington . The canal was a series of locks, or water compartments, designed to elevate or lower boats along that part of the river. In the case of the Locks there were great rapids that flowed downhill going west in that section of the river and during high water the water moved across these rapids at sixty miles per hour, almost impossible for a any ship to ford. Thus the locks were designed to avoid these rapids. Building of the Cascade Locks began in 1877 and finished in 1896. Oddly in 1938 the Locks were permanently lost under water with the construction of the modern day Bonneville Dam.) 144

143 Quote from article Bill Iman Was Writing Family History When He Died at 75, SKAMANIA COUNTY PIONEER, 16 January 1981. (Note: Bill Iman, son of Lewis F. Iman) 144 COLUMBIA GORGE HISTORY – Volume II, by Jim Atwell, (published by Tahlkie Books, Skamania Washington, 1975) relates a few interesting stories on the building of Cascade Locks: “The work of building the locks and canal at the Cascades was a lengthy one. Work would progress from one Congressional appropriation to another. Of course the railroads did everything they could to block the work. When it was finished, government engineers declared the locks and canal made up the finest piece of masonry work in the world. Some of the base rock underwater was obtained from boulders nearby, but the top rock was cut from a gray granite quarry on the Snake River. It’s the toughest granite that ever a chisel was put to. And now all of that fine stonework is submerged forever under water of the lake created by Bonneville Dam. There are also various stories about the tough work conditions imposed on the crews. Jim Atwell in COLUMBIA GORGE HISTORY – Volume II, relates the following story: “Many stories have been passed down by the pioneers who lived at the Cascade Locks at the time of construction. Hours were 6 a.m. to 6 p.m. and 12 hours a day. Times were very hard and one just about had to wait for one man to die before another man could get the job. I. N. Day ( Note: Isaiah Newton Day [1861-1930], contractor and builder of the locks) was a hard man with his men and he continually walked over the project. One day he came up on a little Dutchman who had stopped to light his pipe and he told the little fellow, ‘Pick up your tools and get to hell off this job.’ The little old Dutchman was heartbroken, but he started gathering up his tools (carpenter tools) and placed them in his tool chest. This took him some time and finally he put the chest on his shoulder and started for the gate. Here he ran into I. N. Day who called out to him, ‘Where the hell are you going? Get back on the job, so the little fellow returned to work. Another time I. N. Day came aboard a rock scow and noticed a tall young fellow standing by the rail. I. N. walked up and grabbed the fellow but at the same instant found himself knocked overboard. I. N. crawled out of the water soaking

93 In 1893 Lou bought part of the Iman donation land claim, for farming, from his father. This land included the graves of Merry, Ellen and Nora Iman, children of Felix and Margaret Iman. These graves were the beginning of the Iman family cemetery. 145 In 1895 Lou made a contract with I. N. Day and J. G. Day, builders and contractors of the Cascade Locks, to supply cordwood (firewood) from the Iman donation land claim to the Locks project. The contract included the building of a flume on the Iman land so that the wood could be floated quickly, cheaply and directly to the Locks. According to Skamania Co. Washington court records Lou defaulted on this contract with the Day Company, and in the summer of 1895 was sued by the Company for breach of contract.) Court records in the matter also show that Lou had formed a partnership with his father, Felix Iman, and brother, Alfred Iman. Felix having one-third interest in the partnership, Lou and Alfred two-thirds interest. According to the partnership Felix was to supply cordwood to Lou and Alfred who would then sell and convey it to the Locks. Other terms of the partnership show that Lou and Alfred would provide labor and nails (to build the above mentioned flume) and transportion for the wood to the Locks. Felix himself did not sign any agreement with I. N. or J. G. Day. Lou and Alfred signed knowing Felix had agreed to provide the cordwood. All this changed in 1895 when Alfred Iman suddenly died and Felix without any explanation suddenly refused to supply cordwood to Lou or to the Day Company, the result of which caused Lou to default in his contract. On the basis of the Iman contract Lou decided to sue his father. In the ensuing court case secret agreements were revealed between Felix and Alfred which apparently Lou had known nothing about. Skamania Co. Washington Civil Court, 4 September 1895, Case 65, Bk. 1, p. 23: Felix Iman indebted to Louis F. Iman for $451.93 for “failure to furnish 3,000 cords of lumber, to be cut from trees on south side of the F. G. Iman donation land claim, for use in building a flume on the south side of the F. G. Iman claim, from a small creek known as Sardine Lake Creek to the Columbia River. Said flume to be used for transport of lumber to J. G. and I. N. Day at Cascade Locks, Oregon.” To remove himself from liability in the partnership Felix shrewdly claimed to the court that on 30 August 1894 he had sold his interest in the Iman partnership to his son Alfred. Thus Alfred became responsible for providing wood to Lou. Alfred being dead of course could not provide anything, and thus since Felix himself was now out of the contract he was under no obligation to provide anything further to anyone, including his son. Evidentially Lou knew nothing of the change of partnership between Felix and Alfred. (No contract of partnership sale from Felix to Alfred exists in current Skamania Co. court records). Yet on the basis of family love Lou still expected his father to provide the wood and to save Lou from financial loss. Felix refused and left Lou hanging. Afterwards Lou felt betrayed by his father and became very bitter. A few months later he testified in another court case in which Felix was a plaintiff, “I have had considerable trouble with my father... and we do not speak to each other.” 146 The breach became longstanding, for Louis and Felix never again cooperated in a business transaction. Oddly the following year, 1896, Felix signed his own contract to sell cordwood from the Iman donation land claim to J. G. Day. 147

wet and noticed the young fellow working so laughed and went on.” 145 Skamania Co. Washington Deeds: Bk. E, p. 4; F. G. Iman and wife to L. F. Iman , 21 November 1893. 146 This testimony, in S. B. Ives, Plaintiff vs. Felix G. Iman, Defendant, is on p. 3 of the Skamania County Superior Court Records Case No. 64, Bk. 1, p. 21, dated 28 August 1895. In this case Louis F. Iman barely testified on behalf of his father against S. B. Ives. The case involved a claim of money owed to S. B. Ives by Felix G. Iman for building a scow. 147 Skamania Co. Washington Deeds and Agreements, Bk. A, p. 119.

94 (Note: In the case above one wonders why Felix refused to help his son. It may be explained in this way. In 1895, with the Iman saw mill in full operation, the Iman donation land claim was heavily logged. In that year business agreements for the timber which sold for large amounts of money involved Felix in five separate court cases in Skamania Co., including the one above with his son Louis. The troubles obvious from reading these lawsuits seem to be the fear Felix had of losing control over his land to the large, growing and ever–voracious logging companies. Felix mistrusted and was perhaps even jealous of the ambitious deals his son had been making with these companies for the Iman land and perhaps, with the death of Alfred, Felix saw a clever plan to get out of deal or into a better deal by allowing Lou to take a fall. Even so with that reasoning Felix treatment of his son is very strange.)

1900 census Skamania Co. Washington, Stevenson, e.d. 206, p. 10: Lewis F. Iman, head, born March 1869, age 31, md. 11 yrs, Washington/ Illinois/ Indiana, farmer - owns farm free of mortgage Emily M., wife, Sept 1871, 28, md. 11 yrs, 4 children 2 living, Illinois/ Illinois/ Illinois Emily F., daughter, Mar 1893, 7, Washington/ Washington/ Illinois, at school Elma V., daughter, July 1896, 3, Washington/ Washington/ Illinois Anna, sister, Feb 1885, 15, single, Washington/ Illinois/ Indiana, at school SKAMANIA COUNTY PIONEER, 18 December 1936, Inman Tells of Burning Skiff While Castaway During Storm, “When, in 1856, the settlement here was burned and pillaged by Indians, it was known as the Upper Cascades, according to Lou Iman, pioneer resident, whose memory of early events along the Columbia river gorge is the subject of a series of stories now running in The Pioneer. Mr. Iman said: ‘These killings happened long before Stevenson was thought of. The settlement was then called the Upper Cascades.’” — (As Told to Bill Beck) — The cold wintry afternoon and night of Jan. 8, 1902, found Lou Iman perched forlornly on the bleak shore of Sullivan’s island. The result of a trip down the ice-laden Columbia, and a forced landing on the above mentioned island. — In the late afternoon of that date, Mr. Iman, his wife and young daughter were returning home from Carson in a small skiff. They had been visiting relatives of Mrs. Iman until the river started to freeze, and snow fell. They then decided it would be best to leave as soon as possible to avoid bad weather. — By the time they had battled as far as Nelson Creek, Mr. Iman decided he could manage the boat better alone, so he landed and put ashore his wife, daughter, and Mrs. Iman’s two sisters, who accompanied them on the return trip. — He could then make fairly good headway. However, as he neared Stevenson and the rapids he found the current and wind were so strong he couldn’t force his way through the slush to shore. Madly fighting wind and current, he discovered to his horror that he was being driven toward the rapids at such a rate that his only alternative was to row for Sullivan’s island and pray that he could out-pull the wind and current. Inch by inch he made for this rocky bit of land until to his relief he found he could swing around the lee of the island and easily reach its shore. — In the meantime the river was steadily freezing and the snow falling faster and faster. While Mr. Iman was rowing he had been able to keep warm, but now being suddenly inactive, he experienced extreme cold, he therefore gathered all the drift wood he could and built a fire. — Then followed a miserable cold night, fighting off cold and drowsiness and keeping the fire burning. Toward morning, he ran so low on firewood that he was compelled to burn his skiff to keep from freezing. By daylight the river had frozen so hard that he could use the 9-foot oars as snow shoes and crawl on hands and knees to shore and safety. — On recalling the narrative Mr. Iman said that the incident was one he would never forget nor desire to experience again.”

95 In 1902 Louis opened the HEADQUARTERS SALOON on Whiskey Row in Stevenson, Skamania Co. He ran the saloon for twelve years or until 1914 when the state of Washington, under the influence of Carrie Nation, orator of the Anti-Alcohol Temperance movement, voted the state to go “dry” that is no alcohol could be consumed within the state, and closed all liquor establishments. SKAMANIA COUNTY PIONEER, 9 October 1902, Lew and Joe Iman took out a saloon license Monday and will open in the Stebbing building across the street from the court house.” (Note: Joe Iman – Josiah Malcolm Iman.) SKAMANIA COUNTY PIONEER, 11 December 1902, “Iman’s saloon is being increased in size by an additional room in the rear.” SKAMANIA COUNTY PIONEER, 9 April 1903, “Lew Iman sold 20 acres of land on which is Upper Rock Creek falls to G. W. Thompson of Portland, for $500. Lew will also vacate the saloon building for a consideration of $75 and erect a new saloon building near his present residence. It now looks like 3 saloons for Stevenson.” SKAMANIA COUNTY PIONEER, 30 April 1903, “Lew Iman’s little dog Peg was whirled onver the Upper Falls of Rock Creek Wednesday. He was following his master across the stream and the current proved too strong for him. He was dashed into the swirling waters 20 feet beneath. Every dog has his day but it wasn’t Wednesday for Pug. He fought valiantly for life in the raging waters, at times under and again on top. He was a pretty badly bruised and battered canine when he once more stood on terra firma, but he is around today wagging his tail as cheefurlly as ever.” SKAMANIA COUNTY PIONEER, 28 May 1903, “Iman’s corner saloon is going to be a very creditable looking building. It is built to stay, the walls being made of inch and a half stuff. The front is beautifully finished and is strictly up to date.” SKAMANIA COUNTY PIONEER, 18 June 1903, Jottings, “Lew Iman now has a very handsome saloon, both interiour and exterior. The bar is a beautiful speciment of wood work. SKAMANIA COUNTY PIONEER, 29 June 1905, “Born Monday, June 26th, to the wife of Louis Iman, a 12 pound boy. Louis is proud of the fact that it has red hair.” (Note: This was William Earl Burton “Bill” Iman [1905- 1981].) SKAMANIA COUNTY PIONEER, 29 March 1906, “L. Iman and daughter, Fay, were passengers on the Spencer Tuesday for Portland.” SKAMANIA COUNTY PIONEER, 25 March 1909, Burglary in Stevenson – Headquarters saloon robbed of money and goods last Sunday night , “On Sunday night the safe in the Headquarters saloon was opened by cracksmen and about $70 in cash taken. The robbers entered the place through the basement, came up onto the main floor through a trap door, and made their exit the same way. Tools were secured from the blacksmith shop of J. E. Pugh with which to do the work and a ten pound sledge was left lying on the floor near the safe, but the brace and bit with which the safe was bored has not been found and the thieves will probably use that on other jobs of a similar kind. The work was done so quietly that no one heard any unusual noise and the robbery was not discovered until the saloon was opened up Monday morning. — The cracksmen were evidently experienced hands at that kind of work. They bored two holes through the door of the safe near the combination, and both holes started from the same initial point. This shows that he robbers knew that the safes were made in two styles, and when they did not reach the bar the first time they knew just where to bore to reach it the second time. After boring the hole they forced the bar of the lock down until it released the combination and the rest was easy. — Mr. Iman does not know the exact amount of money in the safe, but knows there was at least $70 and there may have been as much as $80 in the safe at the time. — Besides the money the robbers took two revolvers, one a handsome 38 caliber Smith & Wesson, together with their belts and holsters, the whole

96 being worth at least $25. They also secured a drummer’s sample case containing 400 cigars. A chap silver watch is also missing. — J. E. Pugh has recovered his ten pound sledge, for which he is duly thankful, but mourns the loss of his brace and a couple of drill. Sheriff Knox has been working on the case ever since their robbery, but up to this time has reported no new developments. It is greatly to be desired that the man or men perpetrating this crime will be caught and punished.” (Note: Apparently the thieves were never caught for no later newspaper tells of their capture.) SKAMANIA COUNTY PIONEER, 18 November 1909, Thanksgiving and What They’re Going to Eat, “Lou Iman, ‘I am going to eat a goose. Just won him and he is a dandy.’” SKAMANIA COUNTY PIONEER, 2 December 1909, Thanksgiving Feasts, “Lou Iman, ‘We had turkey, chicken and goose and I made a good hand at the table too. That’s my long suit, good things to eat.’”

1910 census Skamania Co. Washington, e.d. 290, p. 96A, sheet 11A, Cascade Avenue, no. 199-208: IMAN, Louis F., head, 41, one marriage, md. 21 yrs, Washington/ Illinois/ Indiana, retail liquor dealer, owns farm, can read/write, owns house Emily M., wife, 37, one marriage, md. 21 yrs, Illinois/ Illinois/ Illinois. Frae, daughter, 17, single, Washington/ Washington/ Illinois, can read/write Elma, daughter, 13, Washington/ Washington/ Illinois, can read/write Edith, daughter, 8, Washington/ Washington/ Illinois William, son, 4, Washington/ Washington/ Illinois Robert, son, 2, Washington/ Washington/ Illinois LUNDY, Conrad, boarder, 22, single, NORWAY/ NORWAY/ NORWAY, came to America 1901, alien, bartender - saloon SKAMANIA COUNTY PIONEER, 13 February 1913, County Commissioners Proceedings, “L. F. Iman paid $4.50 for (supplying) barrels for Wind River bridge.” SKAMANIA COUNTY PIONEER, 20 May 1915, Rod and Gun Club, “L. Iman hit 64% of targets.” SKAMANIA COUNTY PIONEER, 3 June 1915, “L. F. Iman has closed his place of business and is taking a much needed rest.” ( Note: “Business” is the Headquarters Saloon.) SKAMANIA COUNTY PIONEER, 1 July 1915, “L. F. Iman is seriously ill with kidney trouble. His many friends in Stevenson hope for his speedy and complete recovery.” SKAMANIA COUNTY PIONEER, 14 October 1915, “Lou Iman went to Grants Pass on business Monday. Lou has been decidedly under the weather for a long time but lately has been improving and is now his old self again. We hope the trip to Grants Pass will do him a lot of good. The town is situated near the southern line of Oregon.” SKAMANIA COUNTY PIONEER, 30 December 1915, “Saloons to quit. Tomorrow is the last day for the licensed saloon in Stevenson. Lou Iman will open a soft drink emporium and pool hall in his building.” SKAMANIA COUNTY PIONEER, 22 March 1917, “Mrs. May Iman made a business trip to Camas, Wash. last week.” SKAMANIA COUNTY PIONEER, 13 September 1917, “Mrs. Lou Iman and Mrs. Frank Ridley were in Portland a couple of days this week.” ( Note: Mrs. Frank Ridley = Ethel, daughter of Lou Iman’s brother Albert O. Iman.) SKAMANIA COUNTY PIONEER, 19 June 1919, “Lou Iman’s horses ran away last Tuesday. They started on the old county road just west of Rock Creek bridge and ran until they were stopped in front of Theo Linder’s residence.”

97 1920 census Skamania Co. Washington, Stevenson, e.d. 372, p. 25, sheet 6A, Emmon Road (Iman Road) no. 122-122: Louise F. Immon, head, owns farm, age 50, can read/write, Washington/ Illinois/ Indiana, farmer farm, owns house May E., wife, 47, can read/write, Illinois/ Illinois/ Illinois, housewife at home Edith A., daughter, 18, can read/write, Washington/ Washington/ Illinois, student high school Earl B., son 14, can read/write, Washington/ Washington/ Illinois, student Louise F., son, 9, can read/write, Washington/ Washington/ Illinois, student

SKAMANIA COUNTY PIONEER, 30 March 1923, “Mrs. May Iman has returned from Castle Rock where she has been at the bedside of Albert Iman Jr. who has been sick with typhoid fever.” ( Note: Albert Iman Jr. 1906-1968, son of Albert O. and Christina Iman.) SKAMANIA COUNTY PIONEER, 2 March 1928, Lou Iman Gets Ankle Fractured, “Lou Iman had his leg broken while assisting in unloading piling at the road job where contractor V. H. Lindsay is putting in a large cement bridge for the State Highway. Iman in some way was struck by the heavy timber and is severely injured. He is an old man and has lived here all his life having been born at the Cascades more than fifty years ago.” SKAMANIA COUNTY PIONEER, 10 August 1928, Stevenson Woman In Auto Accident, “Mrs. Lou Iman was very seriously injured in an automobile accident at Washougal last Saturday when a car driven by William Allenger backed into the car in which she was and slammed it into a house. She was rushed to a hospital and examinations and X-rays show that several bones were broken and her shoulder injured. Returns from the hospital say she is resting as well as can be expected with such serious injury.”

1930 census Skamania Co. Washington, e.d. 30-8, p. 267, sheet 1A, Cascade Avenue, no. 10-10: IMAN, Lewis F., head, owns home value $1500, age 61, age at 1st md. 19, can read/write, Washington/ Illinois/ Indiana, laborer odd jobs May E., wife, 57, age at 1st md. 16, can read/write, Illinois/ Illinois/ Illinois Earl B., son, 25, single, can read/write, Washington/ Washington/ Illinois, laborer odd jobs Lewis F., son, 19, single, can read/write, Washington/ Washington/ Illinois EYMAN, Harriet C., mother-in-law, 80, widow, age at 1st md. 18, can read/write, Illinois/ Illinois/ Illinois Forrest M., brother-in-law, 47, single, can read/write, Illinois/ Illinois/ Illinois, laborer lumber Interview with Florence Barringer, of Renton, Washington, granddaughter of Elizabeth (Donaldson) Whitson, “During the 1930’s my parents and family lived at Stevenson, Washington. We often saw Uncle Lou and Aunt May Iman. At the time Lou and May lived in a run-down cabin which might have been nice at one time, but was almost a shack by the time we met them. I remember the house had a front room that ran across the entire width of the house. They had cats too, lots of them. Aunt May loved cats and they were running all over the place. — Now Aunt May was a scrounger who could make do with anything. She was very kind and anytime a neighbor needed help, she would be there. I remember there was some old neighbor lady who had fallen down drunk and injured herself and everyday Aunt May would go to help this lady, cooking and cleaning for her. Aunt May never charged that lady one cent either. There ought to be a place in heaven for Aunt May she was so kind. Aunt May was also a mid-wife and helped to deliver babies. — But on the other hand I thought Uncle Lou was lazy. He would lay all day on the bed and I don’t ever remember seeing him get up except to go to the kitchen to get something to eat. And he had some weird ideas too. When I was aged about six or so (about 1933) I got a seed wart on my hand and one day while at Uncle Lou’s I showed him my wart and he told me to go into the

98 refrigerator and cut off a piece of bacon and to bury it somewhere out in the yard but not to tell him where. So I did and within a week the seed wart disappeared. I don’t know how he did it but he did, it was some kind of hoodoo.” SKAMANIA COUNTY PIONEER, 22 July 1932, “Lou Iman has taken over the service station on second street that has stood idle for several months and operations there are resumed.” SKAMANIA COUNTY PIONEER, 7 April 1933, Sustains Fractured Hip, “Mrs. Harriett Eyman fell and fractured her hip and is suffering much pain from her accident. She is at the home of her daughter Mrs. Mae Iman.” ( Note: Harriet Eyman – wife of Louis Eyman and mother of Mrs. Louis Iman.) SKAMANIA COUNTY PIONEER, 5 January 1934, Forty-fifth Wedding Anniversary January 1, “Mr. and Mrs. Louis Iman were married 45 years ago. Mrs. Iman reminisces that there were but 3 or 4 families living at Stevenson then, and no county roads, no bridges, travel was on the river. They walked from their home to a dance at Carson (then on the river) to celebrate their wedding. Now have seen roads, autos, airplanes, electric light, etc. come to Stevenson.” SKAMANIA COUNTY PIONEER, 6 January 1939, Hundreds Honor Pioneer Couple Celebrating Golden Wedding, “A golden wedding anniversary in which the principals were Mr. and Mrs. Louis F. Iman, but in which the entire community was interested was solemnized before a flower- bedecked altar in the spacious lodge room in the Eagles building in Stevenson Sunday afternoon—New Year’s Day. Officiating at the ceremony which was attended by more than 100 friends of the couple was Rev. Charles Wilbur Stark, of the Stevenson Methodist Church. Mr. and Mrs. Iman were among the earliest settlers in the Gorge, and were familiar with the area long before Stevenson was established. — Gifted with a memory that is remarkable, Mr. Iman recalls in detail, most of the events which to many present-day residents are legends of this area. In his younger days, he was connected with early development as few others can claim and his straight figure, piercing eyes and determined nature make him remarkable for one of his age and experience. He met the former Miss Emma May Eyman, a cousin, after coming to Washington territory. They were married on January 1st, 1888 with Judge Charles Thomas, of Stevenson, officiating. Edward Ninville officially witnessed the nuptials. — Eight children have been born to Mr. and Mrs. Iman, three of whom are living. They are Mrs. Edith Cafferty, of Gilbertsville, Ky., Mrs. Frae Reno and William Iman, of Stevenson. — At the anniversary ceremony, Mrs. Iman was given in marriage by George F. Chirstensen and her honor attendant was Mrs. William Iman. The son, William, acted as the father’s best man as the vows taken half a century ago were repeated. Everett Hooker was ring bearer and the flower girls were Shirley Iman, and Gwendolyn Day, of Vancouver. — The wedding march was played by Asa Nead, Mr. and Mrs. Iman’s grandson, Conrad Lundy, Jr., sang a solo. Following the ceremony, congratulations were received by Mr. and Mrs. Iman. Refreshments were served. Among those who were present were: J. A. Hughes, Mrs. C. B. Cook, of Vancouver, Mrs. Julia Krause, Phylis Krause, Mrs. Anna Aalvik, Mrs. Lura Grenia, George F. Christensen, Floyd Shippy, Mr. H. E. Rogers, Mrs. W. S. Gillard, Mabel Gillard, Mrs. Verdie Haight, Mrs. Ethel B. Petersen, James Petersen, John Fosse, Mrs. Ellen Aalvik, Mr. H. Fuller of Carson, Mrs. Nellie Wachter, Betty Fuller of Carson, Mrs. Cleo Nicholson, Jasper Bell, Mrs. Rhonda Cosner, Alma, Dorothy and Leona Fuller of Carson, Mrs. O. L. Irwin, Mrs. Ada Hapgood and daughters, Pearl and Helen, Mrs. W. C. Chattan and children, Darrell and Sharon, Mrs. Montie Gay of Mason City, Wn., Bonita Reid, Mrs. J. Bell and family, Mrs. Orin MacKinnon and family, Norma Greer of Carson, Betty Leonard of North Bonneville, Mr. and Mrs. H. J. Greer of Carson, Mr. J. Keeney, Mrs. Bertha Dodson, Dewey Hapgood, Mrs. Cleo Brown, Mrs. Nettie Rankin and daughters, Marjorie and Mildred, Emogene Bell, Alice Bone, Ella Hooker, Edythe Knox, Julius Sebastian, Mrs. C. H. Gilson, F. L. Pearsall, Henry H.

99 Fuller of Carson, Asa Nead, Mr. and Mrs. William Iman, Mrs. Etta Gardner, Mrs. Lavelle Billington, Shirley May Iman, Everett Hooker, Duane Iman, Leolla Rae Hooker, Mrs. Asa Nead, Mrs. Elva Maine, Mrs. Addie Allinger, Mrs. Clara Mason, Pauline Allinger, Mrs. Althea Baldridge, Mr. and Mrs. Brothers and daughter, Mrs. S. L. Marsh and daughter, Geraldine, Mrs. Evelyn Coe, Mrs. M. L. MacKinnon, Mrs. Kate Stalker, A. O. Iman, Mrs. Carl Krohn, Mrs. Ed Glass, Miss Ruth Salisbury of The Dalles, Conrad Lundy, Jr., Duane Nichols, Jr., Wilfred L. Pullam, Forrest Eyman, Kermit B. Moore, Mrs. Floyd Shippy, Gussie Brenhold, Mary Martin, John Armer, Mrs. C. M. Easley, Donna Kay Easley, Ronald Shippy, Mrs. F. L. Pearsall, Dolly Oidinot, Miriam Irwin, Patricia Ann Marsh, Mr. and Mrs. Gay Harris, Myrtle Royce, Mrs. Forrest Eyman, Mrs. Sarah M. Akerill, Lloyd Harshman, G. M. Hazard, E. M. Cook, C. H. Gilson, F. J. Royce, R. S. Akerill, Mrs. J. E. Day, Mrs. M. Douglas, J. J. Akerill, Mrs. Bert Rynearson, Mrs. George F. Christensen, Gwen Day, Cerita Christensen, Mrs. Gertrude Busby, Myrtle Nichols, Mrs. Mary Miles, Mrs. Mary Wessels, Mrs. William Lotz, Mrs. N. L. Munch, Mrs. N. Davison, Billie Busby, Mr. and Mrs. Grant Ballard, Billy Lotz, B. T. Billington, Virginia Shippy, Lee Lotz, Mrs. Anna Easley, Mrs. Nettie Busby, Bertha Alexander, Zelta Marie Alexander, Mrs. Flo Busby, F. Middleton, Frank Easley, Mr. and Mrs. Jack Reno.” SKAMANIA COUNTY PIONEER, 13 January 1939, Card of Thanks, We wish to thank the Eagles and Auxiliary and those who gave contributions for the courtesy shown us on our Golden Wedding anniversary, January 1st, 1939. Mr. and Mrs. L. F. Iman.” SKAMANIA COUNTY PIONEER, 16 July 1943, “Louis Iman was taken to the Clark General Hospital, in Vancouver on Wednesday. He has been very ill for several days.” SKAMANIA COUNTY PIONEER, 23 July 1943, Louis Iman Improves, “Word has reached Stevenson that Louis Iman who is in the St. Josephs Hosptial in Vancouver is greatly improved.” SKAMANIA COUNTY PIONEER, 22 December 1944, Goes to Hospital, “Mrs. May Iman was taken to Clark General Hosptial last Wednesday, where she is reported to be suffering with an infection in her foot. Her daughter, Mrs. Frae Reno, was in Vancouver with her mother.” SKAMANIA COUNTY PIONEER, 2 February 1945, Visits Mother, “Mrs. Frae Reno spent Friday in Vancouver to visit her mother, Mrs. Mae Iman, who is still confined to Clark General Hospital. Her condition remains unchanged.” SKAMANIA COUNTY PIONEER, 14 September 1945, obituary, Mrs. May Iman Passes Away after Illness, “Mrs. May Iman, wife of Louis Iman, Stevenson, pioneer, passed away at the Bonneville Sanitarium Wednesday evening after a long illness. She had been in the Sanitarium for several months where she had been visited by many relatives and old time friends during her stay there. She was 73 years old. According to her brother Forrest Eyman, she had been a resident of Stevenson since she was 12 years old, coming here in 1884. She was the oldest girl in a large family, a daughter-in- law of Louis Eyman who was among the first to land at what was then known as Shepherd’s Point, the name of the present site of Stevenson. 148 She became the wife of Louis Iman on January 1, 1889 and the couple celebrated their golden wedding with a community party which was held at the Eagles Hall in 1939. Surviving members of the family include: husband Louis Iman, 3 children, Mrs. Emma Frae Reno, Mrs. Edith Alice McCafferty and William Iman; a brother Forest Iman, two sisters, Mrs. Henry Fuller, Carson and Mrs. Fred Foster, Portland; grandchildren, Mrs. Elva Lundy Stewart, of Rydercraft, Cay., S/Sgt. Conrad Lundy, Jr. 981st Ambulance Co. U. S. Army, Edith Ainsworth Holien of Farragut, Idaho, George Ainsworth, California;

148 Sentence should read “She was the oldest girl in a large family, a daughter-in-law of Felix Iman who was among the first to land at what was then known as Shepherd’s Point, the name of the present site of Stevenson.” Louis Eyman was actually May Iman’s father.

100 Shirley May Iman, Gary Iman, Dwane Iman, and one great grandchild, Michael Holien. Funeral Services will be conducted from the Eagles Hall in Stevenson at 2 p. m. Sunday. The Eagles Auxiliary will have charge. Arrangements by Gardner.” SKAMANIA COUNTY PIONEER, 21 September 1945, Card of Thanks, “We are grateful to our friends for the many tokens of esteem shown our departed wife, sister and mother, May Iman. These console us in our hour of sorrow. L. F. Iman, Mr. and Mrs. R. H. McCafferty, Mr. and Mrs. J. D. Reno, William Iman and Family.” SKAMANIA COUNTY PIONEER, 3 October 1947, obituary, Lewis F. Iman, County native, Called by Death, “Hundreds of friends paid last respects Wednesday to the memory of Lewis F. Iman, 78 years old, and a lifelong resident of Stevenson. Funeral services were held from the Eagles Hall at which Rev. Mosley of Carson officiated. Interment was in the Iman Cemetery, west of Stevenson. Death came to the well-known native soon after a short illness. While advanced age had kept him inactive for several years, he never lost interest in local affairs and frequently visited with nearby friends. Since the death of his wife, Mrs. Emily May Iman, two years ago this September, he had continued to occupy the old family home. He possessed a remarkable memory of persons and events which had transpired during his long life in the community which he had seen grow from an Indian trading post to communities embracing several towns on both sides of the Columbia River. Mr. Iman was born in Stevenson on March 4, 1869. His parents were the late Felix G. and Margaret Iman who were among the first settlers in this area. He vividly remembered the days of Indian uprisings when the family resided a short distance west of the present town limits and a block house, erected for community defense, was located less than a mile away. He was a lifetime member of the Stevenson Eagles Lodge No. 1744 and several years ago with his wife was guest of honor at a Golden Wedding Anniversary attended by scores of relatives and friends. At that time they were the oldest married couple in Skamania County. Mrs. And Mrs. Iman were the .parents of eight children. He leaves to mourn his loss two daughters and one son, Mrs. Frae Reno, Mrs. Edith McCafferty, and E. B. Iman, all of Stevenson. Also two sisters and one brother, several grandchildren and one great grandchild. Gardners had charge of the service.” Children of Louis Franklin Iman and Emily May (Eyman): i. Frank4 (1889- 1889), ii. Nellie “Nell” (1890-1894), iii. Emily Frae “Emma” “Frae” (1893- 1962), iv. Elma V. (1896-1924), v. Edith Alice “Mickey” (1901-1987), vi. William Earl Burton “Bill” (1905-1981), vii. Robert Hahn “Little Pinky” (1907-1916), viii. Thomas Avory (1907-before 1910) 149 and ix. Louis Felix “Mike” (1910-1931) Iman.150

149 This child is unknown to descendants but is listed in the Washington birth index: Thomas Avory Iman, b. 16 July 1907, Skamania Co. Washington, parents L. F. Iman and Emily May Eyman. Robert Hahn Iman was supposedly born the same year. 150 Notes on children of Louis Franklin Iman and Emily May (Eyman): i. Frank Iman, d. as an infant. ii. Nell Iman, known as Nellie, d. at the age of 4 years. iii. Emily Frae Iman, known as Emma, married 1) Conrad Tonny Lundy. They divorced. Children: i. Conrad Tonny Lundy Jr. and ii. Elva Lundy married Mr. Stewart. Emma Iman married 2) Jack Reno. iv. Elma Iman, married George Ainsworth. Children: i. George Ainsworth, lived (1981) California and ii. Edith “Petey” Ainsworth, married Mr. Holien, lived (1981) Mead, Washington. SKAMANIA COUNTY PIONEER, Stevenson Washington, 8 August 1924, Takes Her Own Life Early This Morning — A Bullet Through Her Head Ends Life of Mrs. Ainsworth , “At 6:30 this morning Elma Ainsworth committed suicide by shooting herself in the head with a pistol at her home at the foot of Russell street. At 6 o’clock she arose and informed her husband that she was going for a walk to the river. Returning shortly, she said she would go the home of Mrs. Royce, a relative living about four blocks away. Arriving at Mrs. Royce’s home she sat on the bed and told Mrs. Royce that she would remain for breakfast if Mrs. Royce would prepare it. This evidently was a ruse to get Mrs. Royce from the room, for in some manner Mrs. Ainsworth secretly got a 38 caliber pistol from under the mattress. — After walking around some she left for her home. Going

101 xi. James 8 Riley Iman, “James,” b. November 1870 (or according to family record, 1 October 1870), at the Upper Cascades, Skamania Co. Washington;151 d. October 1901, at Stevenson, Skamania Co. Washington, of “dropsy” (congestive heart failure) and “lung trouble” (probably tuberculosis), aged 29 or 30. He is buried in the Iman Cemetery, Stevenson, Washington. His grave was originally marked by an aluminum funeral home stake with his name and year dates written on aluminum foil. About 1996 Tonny Lundy Jr., a descendant of the Iman family, replaced the original marker with a small granite tombstone. The new tombstone reads, | James Iman | 1870 – 1901 |. James worked at the Iman sawmill , built scow boats and was a teamster (ox and horse driver). Lived at Stevenson, Washington. James Riley Iman married: Christina Nelson (Nilsen, Nilson), “Crisy”, on 21 March 1894, at Stevenson, Skamania Co. Washington;152 the daughter of John Nelson (Nilsen, Nilson) and Ina (Tompson); b. 4 February 1877 (date from death certificate; obituary, b. 4 February 1876), in Christiania, NORWAY; d. 1

behind the house in a corner of the building she placed the gun on the right side of her head, evidence showing the gun had failed to explode the first cartridge, the second pull of the trigger the gun exploded, the ball passing through her head, causing instant death. — Hearing no stir about the house Mr. Ainsworth arose and on looking out the back window discovered his wife in the position she fell when the fatal shot ended her life. — Mrs. Ainsworth, 28, was the daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Lou Iman. She was born and reared in Stevenson. For the past year her health had been poor, and lately she had made threats of ending her life. She leaves two children, husband, father and mother, brothers and sisters and many relatives living here. — At the coroner’s jury held shortly after the death a verdict was rendered that Mrs. Ainsworth committed suicide and came to her death by her own hand.” (Note: Mrs. Royce – Myrtle Vallette, daughter of Monroe Vallette and Emily May Iman). v. Edith Alice Iman, married Rudolph H. McCafferty. He was known as “ Frank”. Edith b. 11 May 1901; d. 12 June 1987, at Hood River Co. Oregon. vi. William Earl Burton Iman, known as Bill. Children: i. Duane Iman, lived (1981) Hood River, Oregon; ii. Gary Iman, lived (1981) The Dalles, Oregon; iii. Shirley Iman, married Mr. Ferguson, lived (1981) Carson, Washington; and iv. Sherrie Iman, married Mr. Ellenberger, lived (1981) Kelso, Washington. SKAMANIA COUNTY PIONEER, 16 January 1981, Bill Iman Was Writing Family History When He Died at Age 75, “… Bill Iman was born June 26, 1905. He attended school in Stevenson and later worked as a logger and with the Skamania County road department. He purchased the Club Tavern (now Ship Captain and Crew) from his brother-in-law Mickey McCafferty and ran it for many years before his retirement. — When Skamania County celebrated the nation’s Bicentennial in 1976, Bill Iman was chosen to head the 4th of July parade in Stevenson, as its Grand Marshall. He is survived by two sons, Duane Iman of Hood River and Gary Iman of The Dalles; two daughters, Shirley Ferguson of Carson and Sherrie Ellenberger of Kelso; as sister Edith McCafferty of Stevenson; 20 grandchildren and seven great-grandchildren. — Funeral services were held Friday, January 9, at Gardner’s Chapel in Stevenson and interment followed at the historic Iman Cemetery on Rock Creek above Stevenson.” vii. Robert Hahn Iman, known as Little Pinky. SKAMANIA COUNTY PIONEER, Stevenson Washington, 31 August 1916, obituary, Death of Robert H. Iman, “Robert H. Iman died at the home of his parents in this city on Friday, August 25, 1916, of typhoid fever, after a lingering illness of several weeks. — Robert Iman, familiarly known as “Little Pinky,” was born in Stevenson, July 13, 1907, his parents being Lewis F. and May Iman. He lived all his short life here and died in the house where he was born. — “Pinkey” was well known to everybody who has visited Stevenson for any length of time. His little red head was a familiar sight on our streets and will be sadly missed. He was a bright little chap and always looked on the happy side of things. How the little fellow contracted typhoid is hard to say as there had not been a case of it in the city for more than six years. — The funeral Sunday morning was conducted by Rev. Henry J. Harding and was attended by a very large concourse of people who thus paid their last tribute of respect to the departed child. Floral offerings were very profuse and very beautiful. He was buried in the old family cemetery near the upper falls of Rock Creek, where three generations of the Iman family now rest.” ix. Louis Felix Iman, known as Mike, d. in 1931, at the age of 20. Never married. 151 The Washington state census for Skamania Co., p. 3, dated 3 April 1871, records James Iman born November 1870. The 1900 census of Skamania Co., Stevenson township, e.d. 206, p. 13, records James Iman born October 1871. The state census is the valid birth date, as James Iman could not have been listed in that census if he had not yet been born. Also the 1900 census birth date of October 1871 makes James Riley Iman born only eight months before Alfred Edmund Iman. Family records of Tonny Lundy Sr. of Stevenson, Washington has James Iman b. 1 October 1870, d. 13 March 1895, even though James is listed in the 1900 census. Actually 13 March 1895 was the date of death of Alfred Edmund Iman. 152 Marriage records Skamania Co. Washington.

102 February 1935, at Kelso, Cowlitz Co. Washington, of a ruptured appendix, aged 57.153 Her death certificate states that she had been a resident of the United States for fifty-two years, or since 1882. She is buried in the Iman Cemetery, Stevenson, Washington. For many years her grave was marked by an aluminum funeral home stake with her name and dates written on aluminum foil, in 2000 Tony Lundy, a descedant of the Imans, replaced the funeral home stake with a permanent granite marker. She was a housewife.

1900 census Skamania Co. Washington, Stevenson, e.d. 206, p. 13A: James R. Iman, head, October 1871, age 28, md. 7 yrs, Washington/ blank/ blank, teamster, owns house Christina, wife, February 1876, 24, md. 7 yrs, 0 children 0 living, NORWAY/ NORWAY/ NORWAY, year of immigration to America 1882, number of years in America 18 Ethel E., daughter, May 1894, 6, Washington/ Washington/ NORWAY Hazel R., daughter, March 1896, 4, Washington/ Washington/ NORWAY Simeon, son, January 1898, 2, Washington/ Washington/ NORWAY

SKAMANIA COUNTY PIONEER, Stevenson Washington, 10 October 1901, “H. H. Eyman of Sherwood, Oregon visited his cousin James Iman who has been sick with dropsy for several months.” ( Note: H. H. Eyman – a first cousin; son of Louis Eyman and Harriet Caroline Kidd.) After the death of James wife Christina paid off the family debt: Skamania County Bills of Sale, Bk. 1, p. 3, 16 December 1901, “In consideration of James R. Iman store account and the sum of $15 paid me, we do hereby sell one light bay horse with a white face, branded on the hip C. A. S. to John Tolton, signed Mrs. James R. Iman and Charles N. Iman.” Children of James Riley Iman and Christina (Nelson/Nilson): i. Ethel4 Ina May (1894-1972), ii. Hazel Ray (1896-1909), iii. Simon Severin Felix “Simon” (1898-1971, served in World War I) and iv. infant (d. 1900) Iman.154 In 1901, at age 24, Christina became a widow with four children. The following year, 1902, she married 2) Albert Odum Iman, the brother of her husband James Riley Iman. (See Albert Odum Iman, p.76.) xii. Alfred8 Edmund Iman, “Alfred,” “Al”, b. 12 May 1872, at the Upper Cascades, Skamania Co. Washington; d. 13 March 1895, at Stevenson, Skamania Co. Washington, aged 22. 155 He is buried in the Iman Cemetery, Stevenson, Washington. His grave is marked by an aluminum funeral home stake with his name and dates written on aluminum foil.

153 Death Certificate. 154 Notes on children of James Riley Iman and Christina (Nelson): i. Ethel Ina Iman married Frank Vernon Ridley (1888-1930). Frank was b. Oklahoma City, Oklahoma Co. Oklahoma. He served in World War I. They lived in Cowlitz Co. Washington. Frank is buried in the Whittle and Hubbard Cemetery, at Castle Rock, Cowlitz Co. Washington. Frank and Ethel had a daughter Goldy J. (1920-) Ridley. ii. Hazel Ray Iman. SKAMANIA COUNTY PIONEER, 21 October 1909, “Miss Hazel Iman, daughter of James Iman, aged 14 years, died at the home of her mother, near Stevenson, Tuesday at 1 o’clock of pulmonary troubles. The funeral will be held at 1 o’clock today. Hazel’s father died of lung trouble several years ago.” iii. Simon Severin Felix Iman. “ From Rootsweb.com, Iman Board, http://boards.ancestry.com Jerri Tune, [email protected] , 30 September 1999, I hope you all can help with some info.. maybe your ancestry is related?? Simeon F. Iman was born about 1898 married a Hazel I. Smith in approx. 1927 in South Bend, WA in Pacific County. They had 4 children .. 2 boys then Edna I. Iman (my mother) who was born in 1933 in Cosmopolis, WA in Grays Harbor County. The last child, a son Frank ...is still living in Westport, WA. We know nothing of the two older boys.. or of Simeon Iman’s past ... family...parents ... brothers... sisters!! Simeon and Hazel were divorced in approx. 1935, under very strange conditions (unknown)?? I am sure he has remarried.. does he have children from another marriage? Any help would be greatly appreciated!” iv. infant Iman (d. 1900). SKAMANIA COUNTY PIONEER, 29 November 1900, Local Mention, “Infant child of Mr. and Mrs. James Iman died at their home Tuesday near Stevenson and was buried yesterday afternoon.” 155 Dates of birth and death from his grave marker, Iman Cemetery, Stevenson Washington.

103 Skamania County Probate Records, Case 68, Bk. 1, p. 25, Estate of Alfred E. Iman: “Alfred E. Iman was an unmarried man, and never married and that he died without issue, that the following named persons all of whom reside at Stevenson were and are the heirs of said Alfred Iman, deceased: Felix G. Iman, the father of deceased, aged 61, and Margaret Iman, the mother of deceased, aged 55. Signed Felix Iman, administrator of the estate of Alfred Iman, 18 December 1895.” Felix Iman signed his name with an X. Claims against the estate of Alfred Iman, by A. O. Iman: Total $355.33, for and including 3 sacks of apples, 2 sacks of potatoes, 667 lbs. beef, 3 tons of hay, books, 14 lbs. of tobacco, plugs of tobacco, 1 corn cob pipe, 2 pairs of drawers, overalls, shoes, box of cartridges. Never married. xiii. Emily 8 Cordelia Iman, “Emma,” b. 15 February 1874, at the Upper Cascades, Skamania Co. Washington; d. according to court records after 18 December 1893; from family records of Tonny Lundy, d. 26 July 1893, from complications after childbirth, at Stevenson, Skamania Co. Washington. 156 She is buried in the Iman Cemetery, Stevenson, Washington . Her gravestone reads, | EMILY C. VALLETT | 1872 1894 |. Emily Cordelia Iman married: Valentine Monroe Vallett, “Monroe”, (Martin…), about 1891, probably in Skamania Co. Washington, though not recorded there; son of Martin Vallette and Ellie (——) of Union Co. Illinois; 157 b. 19 November 1861, in (Monroe Co.) Illinois; 158 d. 17 September 1930, at Cascades, Skamania Co. Washington, of arteriosclerosis (hardening of the arteries), aged 68. 159 His death certificate states he had lived in Skamania Co. forty-seven years (since 1883). He is buried in the I.O.O.F. Cemetery, Stevenson, Washington . His tombstone reads, | MONROE VALLETT | 1861– 1930 |. He was a carpenter and farmer. Lived at Stevenson, Skamania Co.. Illustrated is the signature of Monroe Vallett from Vallett vs. Vallett, Case 464, divorce, Skamania Co. Washington, 1905. Monroe Vallett, pronounced Vowlet, may have been born in Monroe Co. Illinois, the same county in which Felix Grundy Iman had been born. He was raised in Illinois but when he about eleven years old both his parents died. With his brother Henry Vallett he was then adopted by a german couple John P. Braun and his wife Mary. In the 1880 census Monroe, brother Henry and the Brauns were living in Union Co. Illinois. 160 In 1883, at the age of 21, Monroe left Illinois and came to Skamania Co. Washington. His brother Henry remained in Illinois. Sometime after arriving in Skamania Co. Monroe bought a 7½ acre island located in the middle of the Columbia River at the Upper Cascades from the Skamania Co. pioneer Daniel Baughman. After the purchase the island became known as Monroe’s Island. In 1938 Monroe’s Island became permanently submerged in the backwaters of the Bonneville Dam.

156 Emily Iman was aged 5 and living with her parents in the 1880 census Skamania Co. Washington. Birth date from family records of Tonny Lundy Sr. of Stevenson, Washington . Family records of Tonny Lundy Sr. also show Emily Vallette d. 26 July 1893. According to court records Emily died after 13 December 1893. Her tombstone gives death year as 1894. 157 1870 census Union Co. Illinois, Preston twp., p. 520: 119-112, Martin VALLETT, 42, farmer, real estate value $300, personal estate value $50, born North Carolina, father of foreign birth, mother of foreign birth, cannot read/ write; Alley, 35, house keeper, Tennessee, cannot read/ write; Christena, 13, Illinois; Monroe , 11, Illinois; Santifee (female), 9, Illinois. 158 1870 census Union Co. Illinois lists Monroe as aged 11, living with parents, so born about 1858- 59, see footnote Error: Reference source not found. 159 Death Certificate. 160 1880 census Monroe Co. Illinois, Renault twp., Township 4 South, Range 10 West, e.d. 68, p. 115B, no. 132-132, John P. Braun, 76, farmer. BADEN/ BADEN/ BADEN; Mary, wife, 64, keeping house, MO/ VA/ Ohio; John, son, 33, widow, farmer, Illinois/ BADEN/ Missouri; Valentine M. Vallet , adopted son, 20, works on farm Illinois/ Ohio/ Illinois; Henry W. Vallett, adopted son 19, works on farm, Illinois/ Ohio/ Illinois.

104 Mrs. Myrtle Royce, of Stevenson, Washington, daughter of Monroe and Emily Vallett, said, “My father, Monroe Vallett, kicked my mother while she was pregnant, causing my premature birth and the death of my mother Emily Vallett shortly afterward. At birth I weighed one and a half pounds. I remember my father as extremely mean and cruel whether drunk or sober, and he would often beat me with anything he could get his hands on. I was also sexually abused by him. This is the reason I wanted at a young age to stay in the home of my grandparents the Imans.” Skamania Co. Washington Superior Court, Vallett vs. Iman, 21 November 1899, Writ of habeas corpus, Case 156, Bk. 1, p. 91: “Mr. Vallett claims Felix Iman and his wife Margaret Iman, by threats and force of arms, have imprisoned and detained Myrtle Vallett against the wishes and consent of her father, and that Myrtle Vallett is improperly clothed and cared for. Felix and Margaret Iman claim that, before her demise, Emily Vallett begged them, her parents, not to let any person, or persons, other than themselves, to have Myrtle Vallett.” The case Vallett vs. Iman was settled out of court. Skamania Co. Washington Superior Court, Case 261, Bk. 1, p. 198: Margaret Iman made legal guardian of Myrtle Vallett. (Note: In 1994, during a genealogy visit to Stevenson, Skamania Co. , I interviewed several Iman relatives who had known Monroe Vallett. No one spoke well of him, and none could recall any kindness or consideration from him. When I related to these same relatives the court case Iman vs. Vallett in which Monroe claimed that Felix and Margaret Iman had mistreated Myrtle Vallett, no one believed he was telling the truth and thought it was more likely the other way around. JW) Child of Valentine Monroe Vallett and Emily Cordelia (Iman): i. Myrtle4 (1893-1962) Vallett.161 Monroe Vallett married as his second wife: 2) Rosa8 May Garwood, (William7, William 6, Joseph5, Joseph4, Joseph3, Johh2, William 1, ThomasA, ThomasB), on 9 October 1898, in Skamania Co. Washington;162 the daughter of William Garwood and Louisa (Eaton) of Washington Co. Oregon and Skamania Co. Washington; 163 b. 11 September

161 Notes on child of Monroe Valentine Vallett and Emily Cordelia (Iman): i. Myrtle Vallett (1893-1962) married Amos Josiah Royce (1883-1964). Lived Stevenson, Washington. Myrtle and Amos Royce buried Iman Cemetery, Stevenson, Washington. Children: i. Gladys (1916-1984), married 1) Neil Manning (d. 1938), had two sons; married 2) Willis Berthaum (d. 1963), had two daughters; ii. Franklin J. (1919-1946), iii. Hershel R. (1925-) Royce, and maybe others. 162 Marriage records Skamania Co. Washington. 163 Ancestors of Rosa 8 Mae Garwood: William7 Garwood (c1844-1901), son of William J. Garwood; b. Livingston Co. Missouri; d. Skamania Co. Washington. Married 1) Annie (Langwhethes). Married 2) Louisa (Eaton) (c1844-), on 24 December 1874, in Oregon City, Washington Co. Oregon. William6 J. Garwood (c1803-), son of Joseph Garwood; b. Montgomery, Kent Co. Kentucky. Married 1) Mariah (Humphreys) (1811-1852), on 21 August 1828 in Gibson Co., Indiana, daughter of George Humphreys and Frances (Garrard). She b. Indiana; d. Washington Co. Oregon. William married 2) Mrs. Hannah (Humphreys) Culbertson, on 25 February 1864, in Oregon, sister of first wife Mariah. Joseph 5 Garwood (1760-1821), son of Joseph J. Garwood; b. Burlington, New Jersey; d. Knox Co. Indiana. Married Elizabeth (Moore) (1766-1858), on 1 April 1787 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. She b. Burlington, New Jersey; d. White River, Gibson Co. Indiana. Joseph 4 J. Garwood (1737-1805), son of Joseph Garwood; b. Burlington, New Jersey; d. Rowan Co. North Carolina. Married Leah (Devinney), on 20 Oct 1757, in Essex Co. New Jersey. Joseph 3 Garwood (c1700-1781), son of John Garwood; b. Shrewsbury, Monmouth Co. New Jersey; d. Burlington, New Jersey. Married Elizabeth (Antram) (1699-1741), on 17 May 1732, at Mansfield, Burlington Co. New Jersey. John 2 Garwood (c1675-c1719), son of William Garwood; b. Holdbrook, Suffolk Co. ENGLAND. Married Mary (Farr), about 1695. She d. in New Jersey. William 1 Garwood (c1628-1686), son of Thomas Garwood; b. Suffolk Co. ENGLAND; d. at sea, enroute to New Jersey/AMERICA. Married Anne (Rowe), on 30 December 1658, at Holbrook Parish, Suffolkshire, ENGLAND. Thomas A Garwood (c1603-c1689), son of Thomas Garwood; b. Suffolk Co. ENGLAND; d. Acton, Suffolk Co. ENGLAND.

105 1882, in Washington; 164 d. 31 December 1942, at St. Joseph’s Hospital, Vancouver, Clark Co. Washington, of pneumonia, aged 60y 3m 20d. 165 She is buried in the I.O.O.F Cemetery, Stevenson, Washington . Monroe Vallett and Rosa May (Garwood) divorced before 1910.

1900 census Skamania Co. Washington, Stevenson, e.d. 206, p. 10B: Monroe Vallett, head, born November 1864, age 35, 2nd marriage, md. 2 yrs, Illinois/ France/ Illinois, carpenter, can read/write, owns house May, wife, September 1882, 17, md. 2 yrs, 2 children 2 living, Washington/ Illinois/ Washington, can read/write Myrtle, daughter, November 1893, 8, Washington/ Illinois/ Washington Ruby, daughter, July 1899, 11 mos., Washington/ Illinois/ Washington

SKAMANIA COUNTY PIONEER, Stevenson Washington, 1 November 1900, “Monroe Vallett building a new barn on his lot in back of his house, finished it yesterday.” SKAMANIA COUNTY PIONEER, 28 March 1901, “H. W. Vallette and daughter from Kansas City, Missouri are guests of Monroe Vallette.” ( Note: Henry Vallette – brother of Monroe Vallette.) SKAMANIA COUNTY PIONEER, 14 August 1902, “Last year Monroe Vallette and wife bought stump land and set about making a home. By intellgent application of combined grit, thrift and perseverance they have built a rent cottage, made considerable cord wood, and are growing a large garden of the ordinary sorts. They also have sweet corn now earing, melons, squashes and tomatoes which would surprise those who hold that such cannot be successfully grown here. On August 21 we measured squashes as large as 24 inches around and still growing.” In 1902 the Yacolt Fire burned 238,920 acres in southwest Washington state. It still ranks as the largest forest fire in the history of Washington. Monroe Vallett was accused of starting the Yacolt Fire and shortly afterward was arrested, charged with arson and put on trial at Walla Walla, Washington. During the trial witnesses refused to testify against him, for fear of reprisals from Mr. Vallett. Eventually the case against Monroe Vallett was dismissed for lack of evidence.

LOOKING BACK ON THE YACOLT FIRE OF 1902 Based on notes by Rick McClure, Columbia Gorge Interpretative Center 166 Between late August and early September 1902, more than 80 separate wildfires were burning in western Washington and western Oregon, consuming at least 700,000 acres of timberland. The largest of these fires was in southwest Washington, and came to be known as the Yacolt Fire or Yacolt Burn. When finally extinguished by fall rains, the Yacolt Fire had consumed 238,920 acres of forest in Clark, Cowlitz and Skamania Counties. Origins of the Yacolt Fire The use of fire to clear land for settlement and agriculture was a common practice before tractors and other mechanized equipment were available to clear land, and in early September 1902, the air in the Columbia Gorge and other parts of southwest Washington had been smoky from many of these clearing fires. Forest Service records show that on September 11, 1902 strong

Thomas B Garwood (c1570-), son of Thomas Garwood; b. Woodbridge, Suffolk Co. ENGLAND. Married Margaret (Coullson). See also http://members.tripod.com/~IllinoisGirl/moore.html , (2003), Vicki Sue Kohr, 544 N. 1981st Road, Tonica, Illinois 61370. Her website The Moore’s in the Family the Merrier includes a genealogy of the descendants of Joseph 5 Garwood and wife Elizabeth (Moore). 164 Birth date from 1900 census Skamania Co. Washington, Stevenson, e.d. 206, p. 10. 165 Washington state death certificate, Mae Bowyer, also date of death from tombstone I.O.O.F. Cemetery, Stevenson, Washington. 166 Rick McClure is Archaeologist/Heritage Program Manager (Acting) of Gifford Pinchot National Forest, Columbia River Gorge National Scenic Area, Washington.

106 hot east winds caused one or more of the clearing fires near the towns of Stevenson and Carson in Skamania County, Washington, to spread into the adjacent forest. The resulting “crown fire” roared westward, destroying every living thing in its path. Within 36 hours the crown fire had burned all the way to the town of Yacolt, approximately thirty miles distant. 167 From there, the fire shifted north, merging with another fire that had swept down along the Lewis River. In three days the fires combined covered 350 square miles. Multiple theories were forwarded as to the point of origin and cause of the Yacolt Fire. While Forest Service records indicate the blaze began with escaped slash fires in or near the Wind River Valley, archives in the Weyerhauser Corporation, a multinational forest products corporation based in Washington, assert that the fire began either in the Washougal River valley or somewhere on the Lewis River. The Weyerhauser accounts suggest that the fire may have been started by loggers burning slash, or farmers clearing stumps, or perhaps even fishermen’s campfires. Another source indicates that the fire may have began with a homesteader’s clearing fire near the town of Yacolt, Washington. Yet another account says that the wildfire began in the Silver Star Mountain area where a small fire had been smoldering for over a month, unnoticed, until fanned by strong east winds. Horace Wetherell, of Carson, Washington, was the only Forest Ranger working in the area at this time, and was stationed in the Wind River Valley. Wetherell was responsible for protecting the southern half of the Mount Rainier Forest Reserve (later known as Gifford Pinchot National Forest). According to Wetherell, the Yacolt Fire was started by a man named Monroe Vallett who, despite strong easterly winds, was burning slash on Nelson Creek, just east of Stevenson, Washington. Supposedly Vallett’s slash fire burned out of control, and then spread through the timber to the top of Stevenson Ridge, where the winds drove the blaze west. Neither Vallett or Wetherell took any actions to stop the fire. Wetherell had only recently been reprimanded for hiring a crew to fight a fire on Bear Creek, so in order to avoid further trouble with his supervisor he did nothing to prevent the fire from spreading. Vallett was eventually arrested and taken to court in Walla Walla for trial, but was never convicted. According to Wetherell, the government witnesses would not testify for fear of reprisal from Vallett.

167 Crown fires occur when trees are close enough together that the tops of the trees all touch. A fire in the top of the trees can spread laterally from tree top to tree top. Unlike mild ground fires crown fires create temperatures so high that all nutrients above and below the ground are completely destroyed, leaving behind only a black barren landscape unable to sustain new forest growth and creating conditions for severe erosion. Such a barren landscape will exist for hundreds of years.

107 Burn area of the 1902 Yacolt Fire for which Monroe Vallett was blamed, arrested and put on trial at Walla Walla, Washington. The case was dismissed after witnesses refused to testify.

“Dark Days” and Devastation As the fire continued to burn, it darkened the skies over much of southwest Washington, and the color of the smoke led many people to believe that either Mount St. Helens or Mt. Hood had erupted. Where clouds of smoke were thickest newspapers reported premature darkness. For example, at 11:00 a.m. on September 11th, 1902 the captain of the steamer Bailey Gatzert was compelled to use his searchlights to navigate the Columbia River; also elsewhere, chickens roosted at midday; and people had to light their lamps at noon. On 13 September 1902 the headlines of the Olympia, Washington newspaper THE MORNING OLYMPIAN, reported, Smoke of Forest Fires Turn Midday Into Blackest Night. The so called “dark days” occurred as far north as Seattle and as far west as Astoria. The community of Ridgefield, Washington reported total darkness at 3:00 p.m. on September 17, 1902 six days after the fire had started. Attempts to fight the great Yacolt Fire were minimal - most people simply fled. United States Army troops were, however, dispatched from the Vancouver Barracks to help residents protect property in Clark County, Washington. With the arrival of the fall rains the fire eventually burned out, thus putting an end to the inferno. In terms of loss of life and property the Yacolt Fire was costly. The official death toll from the fire was 38, with at least 146 families having lost homes to the fire. Many others lost barns and livestock. Several schools and churches were also destroyed, as were mining camps and logging camps,

108 mainly in the Washougal River drainage. In all an estimated 238,920 acres— more than 370 square miles—and 12 billion board feet of timber worth $30 million—more than $600 million in 2001 dollars—were burned by the fire.

James G. Harris, of Stevenson, Washington, adds to the Yacolt Fire story, “In 1902, we had a terrible forest fire along here. Many people were burned to death. Many trees fell across the road and blocked the way out. We were hemmed in here and couldn’t get out. We sat in our yard with our grips (suitcases) packed from Monday night until Saturday morning, expecting every day to be burned to death. We lay on the ground most of the time and we kept the babies there all the time, because the only air one could breathe was next to the ground. The fire went in a semi-circle around this town (Stevenson) or we would all have died.” 168

SKAMANIA COUNTY PIONEER, 4 June 1903, “Monroe Vallett has the finest grass yet seen, which demonstrates the advantages of early sowing.” SKAMANIA COUNTY PIONEER, 18 July 1903, “Monroe Vallet’s children have been quite sick during the past week, under the care of Dr. Avary. The baby has pneumonia and the catarrah fever. They are both reported better.” Apparently Monroe Vallette did not endure much local prejudice for allegedly starting the Yacolt Fire, for in 1904 he served briefly as a Deputy Sheriff of Skamania Co. Washington.

1910 census Skamania Co. Washington, Stevenson, e.d. 290, p. 86A, sheet 1A/1B, no. 14-14: Monroe Vellette, head, 47, divorced, Illinois/ FRANCE/ Illinois, farmer general farm, owns home Ruby, daughter, 10, Washington/ Illinois/ Washington Minnie, daughter, 9, Washington/ Illinois/ Washington Lillie, daughter, 5, Washington/ Illinois/ Washington Bud, son, 3, Washington/ Illinois/ Washington

SKAMANIA COUNTY PIONEER, Stevenson Washington, 15 June 1911, “Monroe Vallette has finished his contract of excavating for the basement of the New Congregational church. The contract for the concrete basement will probably be let when Rev. Nellor returns from Portland.” SKAMANIA COUNTY PIONEER, 15 October 1914, County Commissioners Proceedings, “Monroe Vallet paid $22 for use of labor and team.” (Note: for road repair work.) SKAMANIA COUNTY PIONEER, 24 May 1917, “Monroe Vallett met with an accident the other day while blasting stumps on his place east of town. A flying root from a blasted stump struck him behind the ear, causing deafness. He has gone to Portland for treatment by a specialist.” SKAMANIA COUNTY PIONEER, 31 May 1917, “Monroe Vallett made a business trip to Cascade Locks Monday.”

1920 census Skamania Co. Washington, Stevenson, e.d. 372, p. 6B, State Highway, no. 138-138: Monroe Vallette, head, owns house mortgaged, 58, divorced, can read/write, Illinois/ FRANCE/ U.S., farmer - farm Lillian S., daughter, 15, can read/write, Washington/ Illinois/ Washington, housework Bud, son, 13, can read/write, Washington/ Illinois/ Washington, student

168 Interview with James G. Harris in TOLD BY THE PIONEERS, Volume 1, p. 72. (TOLD BY THE PIONEERS, Tales of Frontier Life as Told by Those Who Remember the Days of the Territory and Early Statehood of Washington, 3 Volumes, Works Progress Administration, Olympia, Washington, 1937-38.)

109 1930 census Skamania Co. Washington, Rock Creek, e.d. 30-5, p. 252, sheet 7B, Evergreen Highway, no. 40-40: Monroe Vallett (lives alone), head, unknown if rents or owns house, 68, widow, age at 1st md. 28, can read/write, Illinois/ FRANCE/ U.S., contractor road work

SKAMANIA COUNTY PIONEER, 29 September 1930, obituary, “Monroe Vallett died September 17 after a brief illness. He was born in Illinois, about 69 years ago. He came to the Cascade Locks when he was a small boy and has lived on the banks of the Columbia all his life. Funeral services will be held from the Methodist Church Saturday afternoon at 2:30 and interment will be in the Odd Fellows Cemetery. His wife died a number of years ago, but he leaves a number of children and grandchildren, and a host of friends, to mourn his loss. His children are Mrs. Myrtle Royce, Cascades; Mrs. Ruby Zevely, Stevenson; Mrs. Minnie Lamb, Cascades; Mrs. Lilly Bevens, Carson and Bud Vallette, Stevenson.” Ruth Jory remembers Monroe Vallett saying, “After I die I will come back as a big white horse.” Children of Monroe Vallett and Rosa May (Garwood): i. Ruby (1899-1993), ii. Lillian S. “Lilly” (1905-1933), iii. Bud (1906-1976) and iv. Minnie Vallett (1901-1932). 169 Rosa May (Garwood) married as her second husband: 2) William Rufus Bowyer, “Bill”, b. 25 March 1885, in West Virginia; d. 28 January 1966, at Vancover, Clark Co. Washington, aged 80. 170 He is buried in the I.O.O.F. Cemetery, Stevenson, Washington. Interview with Herschel Royce, Cascade Locks, Oregon, 27 June 2003, “Bill Bowyer was a ‘rough and tumble’ guy and a logger. When the railroad was being built at Cascades and Skamania he worked as a skid logger.” (Note: skid logger – in those days a person who used oxen to pull logs along skid roads to the lumber camps. Nowadays the same work is done by tractors.) During World War I he registered for the draft in Skamania Co. Washington.

1920 census Skamania Co. Washington, Stevenson twp., e.d. 372, sheet 7B, Kinecky Creek, no. 168-168: BOWYER, William R., head, owns farm, 34, can read/ write, West Virginia/ West Virginia/ West Virginia, logger, logging camp Rosa M., wife, 36, can read/ write, Washington/ Iowa/ Oregon, housewife, at home

SKAMANIA COUNTY PIONEER, 8 January 1943, Mrs. W. A. Bowyer Dies in Hospital, “Mrs. William A. Bowyer, who for many years has resided on a ranch two miles North of Stevenson, passed away in St. Joseph’s hospital in Vancouver, on December 31st. Death was the result of an attack of bronchial pneumonia. She was 60 years old. — Burial services were held from the Methodist church in Stevenson on Sunday last, with Rev. dunalap officiating. Interment was in Stevenson I.O.O.F. cemetery. — Surviving her are her

169 Notes on children of Monroe Vallett and Rosa May (Garwood): i. Ruby Vallett married Kenneth Zevely, 5 October 1917, Skamania Co. Washington, son of James H. Zevely of Stevenson, Washington. ii. Lillian S. Vallett married Marvin W. Bevens (1897-1950), son of William F. Bevans and Mary Alice (Estabrook). William Bevans was a brother of Oscar Bevans who married Martha Luchada Iman (see p. 51), and of Nora A. Bevans who married Jefferson Davis Nix (see p. 42). Lilly d. January 1933. Both Lilly and Marvin buried Carson Cemetery, Carson, Washington. Marvin has a tombstone, but Lilly does not. iii. Bud Vallett, d. 12 October 1976, at Walla Walla Washington, aged 70. iv. Minnie Vallett married Clinton A. Lamb (c1900-). Children: i. Ruth W. (c1922-), ii. Charles R. (c1924-), and iii. Clinton A. “ Clint” (1930-) Lamb. Both Lilly and Clinton buried I.O.O.F. Cemetery, Stevenson, Washington. 170 Date of death from tombstone I.O.O.F. Cemetery, Stevenson, Washington .

110 husband, W. A. Bowyer and two children, a son and daughter, who reside in California.” William Rufus Bowyer married 1) Mae Price, on 1 May 1912, in Clark Co. Washington. 171 At the time of marriage, Mae Price was a resident of Clark Co. Oregon. SKAMANIA COUNTY PIONEER, 4 February 1966, William Bowyer Succumbs At 80, “Funeral services were held Tuesday for William Rufus Bowyer, retired railroad fireman well known in Skamania County, who died in Vancouver Friday, January 28, at the age of 80. — Mr. Bowyer had been living in Ridgefield. He was born March 25, 1885 in West Virginia. — Several borthers and sisters are believed to survived him in the east. — Services were held at the Hamilton–Mylan Funeral Home in Vancouver and interment followed at the IOOF Cemetery in Stevenson.” xiv. Anna8 Laurie Iman, “Annie”, b. 20 October 1875, at the Upper Cascades, Skamania Co. Washington; 172 d. November 1879, at Stevenson, Skamania Co., of cholera, aged 3. 173 She is buried in the Iman Cemetery, Stevenson, Washington. She has no tombstone. xv. Charles 8 Nathaniel Iman, “Charley,” b. 12 August 1877, at the Upper Cascades, Skamania Co. Washington; d. 6 January 1936, at Eastern State Hospital, in Medical Lake, Spokane Co. Washington, of arteriosclerosis (hardening of the arteries), aged 58. 174 He is buried in the Iman Cemetery, Stevenson, Washington. His grave is marked by an aluminum funeral home stake with his name and dates written on aluminum foil. Charles worked as a carpenter at a sawmill and as a laborer, also as a cook in various lumber camps. He lived at Stevenson with his mother, Margaret Iman, until her death in 1924, and afterward he lived alone near Stevenson. A great niece of Charles said that she believed that during the last few months of his life Charles may have been put into the state insane asylum, reason not known, at Raymond, Washington. SKAMANIA COUNTY PIONEER, 7 May 1903, “Charley Iman has finished the inside work of the Pioneer office in a most artistic and workmanlike manner.” 1910 census Skamania Co. Washington, Stevenson, e.d. 290, p. 86A: IMAN, Charles N., 33, single, Washington/ farmer, skilled in general farm equipment, employed by farmer, can read/write, rents home Margaret, 75, mother, widow, 16 children 8 living, Missouri/ Missouri/ Missouri VOLLETT, Myrtle, 17, niece, single, Washington/ Illinois/ Washington

SKAMANIA COUNTY PIONEER, Stevenson Washington, 3 June 1915, “Chas. Iman and mother moved to Goldendale recently where they will make their future home.” (Note: Charles and mother Margaret worked for many years as cooks in various railroad and logging camps.) SKAMANIA COUNTY PIONEER, 26 July 1917, “Charley Iman visited with his relatives here last week.”

1920 census Skamania Co. Washington, Stevenson, e.d. 372, p. 2B, no. 48- 48: Margrett Iman, head, rents home, 84, widow, can read/write, Indiana/ U.S./ Ohio, housewife Charly, son, 38, single, can read/write, Washington/ Illinois/ Indiana, carpenter sawmill

171 Marriage records Clark Co. Washington: W. R. Bowyer. 172 Birth date from family records of Tonny Lundy Sr., Stevenson, Washington . 173 1880 Washington Mortality Schedule: Anna Laurie Iman, Skamania Co. Washington, age 3, sex female, month of death November, born Washington, cause of death cholera. If birth date of 20 October 1875 is correct, she would have been aged 4 at death, rather than aged 3. 174 Death Certificate.

111 1930 census Skamania Co. Washington, Rock Creek, e.d. 30-5, p. 257, sheet 2A, Rock Creek Road, no. 40-41: Charles N. Iman (lives alone), head, rents house - pays no rent, 52, single, can read/write, Washington/ Illinois/ Indiana, labor

SKAMANIA COUNTY PIONEER, 30 January 1936, obituary, Charley Iman, Pioneer, dies at Medicine Lake, “Charley Iman passed away at Medical Lake Hospital where he had been confined almost five months. Mr. Iman was born and lived his entire life in this community. He is survived by 3 brothers, Lou, John and Albert. Funeral services will be held at the Hendry–Gardner Chapel Saturday afternoon at 2:00. Burial will be made in the Iman Cemetery at Rock Creek.” 175 Charles Nathaniel Iman never married. xiv. Josiah Malcolm Iman, “Joe”, b. 28 June 1881, at the Upper Cascades, Skamania Co. Washington; d. 17 January 1909, at Stevenson, Skamania Co. Washington, of pneumonia, aged 27y 6m 20d. He is buried in the Iman Cemetery, Stevenson, Washington. His grave is marked by a tin funeral home marker with his name and dates written inside the marker on aluminum foil. (Illustrated is the signature of Josiah M. Iman as Administrator of the will of Felix Iman, 20 March 1906. 176) He was known as Joe Iman. He was a farmer, and lived with his parents, Felix and Margaret Iman. Josiah also acted as the administrator of the will of his father, Felix Grundy Iman. In 1902 at Stevenson he opened a saloon with his brother Louis Iman, the Headquarters Saloon. SKAMANIA COUNTY PIONEER, 9 October 1902, “Lew and Joe Iman took out a saloon license Monday and will open in the Stebbing building across the street from the court house.” SKAMANIA COUNTY PIONEER, 5 March 1903, “Joe Iman’s team ran away with a load of furniture belonging to Mrs. Wilbur Foster, no particular damage to team, wagon or load.” SKAMANIA COUNTY PIONEER, 21 January 1909, obituary, Josiah M. Iman, “Josiah M. Iman, youngest son of the late Felix G. Iman, died in this city Sunday morn at 4 o’clock, of pneumonia. Deceased was taken ill in Portland on the 5th instant and came home but continued to grow worse, though everything possible in the way of medical skill and tender nursing was done for him; nothing could stay the ravages of the disease. Josiah M. Iman was the youngest son of the well known old pioneer Felix G. Iman, and his estimable wife, and during his last sickness his old mother came to town from the family home to watch at his bedside and care for his wants. The young man was 27 years, 6 mos. and 20 days old at the time of his death. He was a native of the county and lived in around Stevenson all of his life. Thus he was cut off in his young manhood when his usefulness as a citizen was just beginning. The funeral was held at the church in Stevenson, the services being conducted by the Rev. Mr. Winey and interment was in the family cemetery northwest of town. In spite of the drifts of snow underfoot and the torrents of rain pouring down the funeral was attended by a large concourse of sorrowing friends who came to pay this tribute of respect to the departed.” Skamania Co. Washington Probate Book 1, p. 167, 16 January 1909, Will of Josiah M. Iman: “I, Josiah M. Iman, being of sound mind and memory, and knowing the shortness of life, do hereby declare this to be my last will and Testament. First: I give and bequeath to my beloved Mother Margaret Iman, all my real estate and property; the said Margaret Iman to pay all my just debts and funeral expenses. Second: I hereby nominate and appoint my mother Margaret Iman the executor of this my last will and testament. — Josiah M. Iman, signed and dated this 16th of January 1909. Witness: Thos.

175 The obituary neglects to mention that Charles Iman was also survived by two sisters, Mrs. Flora Nix and Mrs. Martha McKinnon. 176 Skamania Co. Washington Superior Court Records, No. 15, Bk. 1, p. 150, Felix G. Iman Estate.

112 Carr Avary, J. P. Gillette. Filed for record by Charles Iman on January 26, 1909 at 2:10 o’clock p.m.” Josiah Malcolm Iman never married.

Felix and Margaret Iman raised several other children, including their granddaughter Myrtle Vallett (p. 105), but particularly the two orphans Christopher Columbus Fields and Sully Williams.

xvii. Christopher Columbus Fields, b. 4 December 1856, in Linn Co. Oregon; 177 d. 25 June 1928, at Stevenson, Skamania Co. Washington, aged 71. 178 He is buried in the Iman Cemetery, Stevenson, Washington. He lived at Stevenson. Christopher Fields was a child of Levi Fields (c1818-) and Nancy (Carter) (c1828-) who in the 1860 census lived in Skamania Co. Washington with four children including a C. C. Fields, aged 4, born in Oregon. 179 Levi Fields and John Fields, probably brothers, came to Oregon in the fall of 1847 from Ray Co. Missouri. In 1852 Levi homesteaded a donation land claim in Linn Co. Oregon. In 1853 or 1854 John Fields also claimed a donation land grant in Linn Co. 180 Levi married twice. His first wife may have been Sarah Brown, she died about 1853, in Oregon. He married 2) Nancy Carter, on 4 March 1854, in Linn Co. Oregon. Nancy was the mother of Christopher Columbus Fields. It is not known why Christopher Fields, when he was about five years old, came to live with Felix and Margaret Iman. He was close to the Iman family all his life and is buried in the Iman Cemetery. SKAMANIA COUNTY PIONEER, 27 November 1902, “Columbus Field’s leg was broken in two places by his accident of last week. Dr. Schroeder was quite horrified yesterday when on going to dress the wounded limb he found chickens roosting on it. It seems the Fields make domestic pets of the feathered animals, allowing them to roost in the house at night and help themselves to the table dainties in the day time. Such a course, though certainly unusual, possibly fosters a love of home not to be gained in other ways. The chickens were temporarily disturbed while the member was being dressed, but they must learn to do without a human leg to roost on, for Mr. Fields doesn not expect to be laid up indefinitely.” SKAMANIA COUNTY PIONEER, Stevenson Washington, 29 June 1928, obituary, Aged Pioneer Laid to Rest in Pioneer Cemetery, “Christopher Columbus Fields died last Monday and was buried Tuesday afternoon at the

177 Christopher Columbus Fields obituary in the SKAMANIA COUNTY PIONEER, 29 June 1928, includes his date and place of birth. 178 Death Certificate. 179 1860 census Skamania Co. Washington, Cascades post office, p. 154, no. 587-567: Levi Fields, 42, wood chopper, personal estate value $1000, Ind.; Nancy, 32, Ky.; Wm. T., 8, Oregon; Mary J., 5, Oregon; C. C., 4, Oregon; John L., 2, W. T. Next after Levi Fields entry, no. 588-568: George Fields, 27, wood chopper, personal estate $200, Mo.; Nancy J., 20, Mo.; Martha E., 6, Oregon; Bonicia C., 3, Oregon. 180 See abstracts of Levi Fields and John Fields donation land grant applications in GENEALOGICAL MATERIAL IN OREGON DONATION LAND GRANTS, Vol. 2, p. 4, published by the Genealogical Forum of Portland, Oregon, 1959. USGenWeb, Cowlitz Co. Washington, Queries 1998-1999: Brad Aumick [email protected] , 7 Nov 1999, “Looking for information on the FIELDS family. Levi Fields came to Skamania Co. Washington Territory before 1860, from Ray Co. and Daviess Co. Missouri. Levi was married twice. The only known child of his 1st wife was: i. William F. Fields, b. c1852, Oregon. Levi Fields married 2) Nancy Carter, on 4 Mar. 1854 in Linn Co. Oregon. Known children were: ii. Mary Jane Fields, b. c1855 Linn Co. Oregon, married Robert Frank Cole, 24 November 1872, at Kalama, Cowlitz Co. Washington; iii. Christopher Columbus Fields, b. 4 December 1856, Linn Co. Oregon, married Elizabeth (Ahles), Christopher buried Iman Cemetery, Stevenson, Washington ; iv. John Lewis Fields, b. 20 August 1856 Cascades, Washington; buried I.O.O.F. Cemetery, Kalama, Washington; v. Elsla Nora Fields, b. 25 June 1860, Cascades, Washington, married Lewis Wicks, both buried I.O.O.F. Cemetery, Kalama, Washington; vi. Joseph Riley Fields, b. c1862, Oregon, married Lucinda Hamden; vii. Augustus Fields, b. c1868, Washington. I’d like to get in touch with anyone researching this family. Thank you.” http://www.drizzle.com/~jtenlen/wacowlitz/queries4.html .

113 Iman Cemetery on Rock Creek west of Stevenson, Rev. J. W. Waltz officiating. Field was born December 4, 1856 in Linn Co. Oregon and came to Stevenson when a small lad and lived at the F. G. Iman home where he grew up to manhood. He is survived by a wife and one son, Eddie Fields, and a sister living at Kalama, Washington.” Christopher Columbus Fields married: Elizabeth 2 Ahles, “Lizzie”, (Jacob1), on 2 August 1881, in Cowlitz Co. Washington, at the residence of Robert Kirkwood, the daughter of Jacob Ahles and Mary Anne (Meisenbecker, or Meisenberger) of Cooper Co. Missouri and Cowlitz Co. Washington. 181 SKAMANIA COUNTY PIONEER, 18 June 1937, Elizabeth Fields, 74, Passes At Hospital, “Elizabeth Fields, 74 years of age passed away in Clark General Hospital, Monday evening following a brief illness. Mrs. Fields was widely known and had resided near Stevenson for many years. — Funeral services were conducted by Hendry–Gardner–Hufford, from the Hamilton Chapel in Vancouver, Thursday afternoon at 1 p.m. — Mrs. Fields is survived by one son, Edwin, of Stevenson, and one sister and several nieces all of Kalama, Wash. — She was owner and operator of a stock ranch located 1 mile west of town.” xviii. Cassius Marcellus Williams, “Sully,” “Celly,” b. 7 September 1852, at Upper Cascades, then in Clark Co. (now Skamania Co.) Washington; d. 1 September 1910, at Stevenson, Skamania Co. Washington, aged 57. He is buried in the I.O.O.F. Cemetery, Stevenson, Washington. In the spring of 1852 the parents of Sully Williams, John Williams (d. 1852) and Mary (Hervey) (1820-1901), with their five year old son Eddy, left Illinois for the Oregon Territory. They traveled on the Oregon Trail, and somewhere along the trail in Wyoming, John Williams became sick and died within the day. After burying her husband Mary, several months pregnant with a second child, decided to continue the westward journey on the Trail. A few months later on 22 August 1852 she arrived at the Bush Hotel on the Upper Cascades, then in Clark Co. but now Skamania Co. Washington. About two weeks after her arrival she gave birth and named the child Cassius Marcellus Williams. He was given the nickname Sully or Celly, short for Marcellus, by which name he became known all his life.182 On 29 August 1852, a week after the arrival of Mary Williams, Roger Gerard Attwell (1821-c1865) also arrived at the Bush Hotel. Mr. Attwell took an interest in Mrs. Williams, and said, “It is not right for a woman to struggle alone here and with a child.” Six months later, in 1853, he and Mrs.

181 Marriage records Cowlitz Co. Washington. At time of marriage both Christopher Fields and Elizabeth Ahles were residents of Cowlitz Co. Washington. 1870 census Clark Co. Washington Territory, p. 54B, sheet 70, no. 609-577: Jacob Ahles, 52, farmer, real estate $1000, personal estate $600, WURTTEMBURG; Mary, 41, keeping house, FRANCE; William, 17, at home, Wash Terr; Charles, 14, at home, Wash Terr; Lucy, 11, at home, Wash Terr; Elizabeth , 8, at home, Wash Terr; Frederick, 5, at home, Wash Terr; Mary, 2, at home, Wash Terr. From Chris Shauble [email protected] , 25 January 2001, “According to our research, Christopher Columbus Fields married Elizabeth Ahles in Cowlitz Co., Washington, in 1881 (or 1880). I have the marriage record as well as a number of census records, obits, etc. Elizabeth was a daughter of Jacob Ahles who had a Donation Land Claim from 1852 in Cowlitz Co, and his older daughter Lucy was supposed to be the “first white child” born north of the Columbia River in what is now Washington. Eddie Fields, son of Christopher and Elizabeth, was listed as nephew of Lucy Ahles Schauble when she died in 1953. There may have been some problems in the marriage, or something, as Elizabeth claimed to be a widow (on the census) many years before her husband died, if this is indeed the same Christopher Columbus Fields.” From Chris Shauble [email protected] , 29 October 2000, “Looking for information about Jacob Ahles, born circa 1819, naturalized Cooper Co. circa 1845, married Cooper Co. circa 1850/1 to Mary Anne ??? maybe Meisberger/Meisbecker, most likely in Catholic ceremony. The couple went to Oregon Territory 1852. Jacob was supposed to be a cowboy.” 182 In this case Sully Williams was probably the first white child born in the area of Skamania Co. Washington, despite the claim to that honor by Flora Adelia Iman. In Miss Iman’s defense Skamania Co. was not created until 1854 and Sully was born in 1852, so technically Sully Williams was not the first white child born in Skamania Co. in which case the honor belongs to Miss Iman.

114 Williams were married. Shortly afterward the Attwells homesteaded on a donation land claim in Wasco Co. Oregon , just across the Columbia River from the Bush Hotel. The Attwell claim was located near the present–day town of Cascade Locks, Wasco Co. Oregon. And on that claim Sully lived with his mother and stepfather. Over the next few years Mary Attwell give birth to three more children. Then in 1865 Roger Attwell went on a trip to Texas, and from Texas he wrote letters to the family. One day the letters suddenly stopped, and he was never heard from again. The family suspected that he had died. Sully was then about thirteen years old. In order to support herself and her children after the disappearance of her husband Mrs. Atwell turned her house into a hotel and rented out rooms and took in boarders. It must have been difficult for her to manage a hotel and five small children at the same time, the youngest being only five years old, particularly on the frontier with its primitive limitations. In those days there was not much for a child to do in the middle of nowhere, and so Sully took to crossing the Columbia River to visit and play with the Iman children. The Attwells had known and respected Felix Iman very much and Margaret Iman had always been really sweet to Sully. Anyway it came to happen that Sully began to stay longer and longer at the Iman house. This was all right with Mrs. Attwell since she was always so busy with her hotel and her younger children. And then Sully began to live with the Imans and they began to raise him. It was said that eventually Sully came to love Margaret like his own mother, although it was painful to Mrs. Attwell, she had tried as much as any mother could, when Sully called Margaret “mother.” 183 Many many years later, in her old age, Margaret Iman recalled her first meeting with Sully… “in late August 1852 I arrived at the Bush Hospital, Shepherd’s Point (now Stevenson, Washington ) sick with “mountain fever” and “…while I lay sick in bed I heard the cries of an infant babe in some part of the building. I asked for it to be brought to me and my bidding was granted. I took it in my arms and tried to play with it, but was so weak and worn I could not. This was the first babe I had in my arms after landing at the Cascades in 1852. This little babe was C. M. Williams who was born at the Cascades, and who was a half-brother to J. F. and J. W. Atwell of Stevenson, Wash., and who was stopping at my house in later years when he died in Stevenson at the age of some sixty odd years. He always loved me as his mother. He rests in the little cemetery above Stevenson on the bank of the lordly Columbia.” 184 After being raised to maturity by the Imans, Sully continued to live in the area of Skamania Co. Washington and Wasco Co. Oregon . In the early 1900’s he moved to California. He had been in California a few years when, as stated above by Margaret Iman, he suddenly died during a visit to Stevenson. SKAMANIA COUNTY PIONEER, Stevenson Washington, 1 September 1910, “Sully Williams expired on the street in front of States and Natsel’s market Thursday afternoon. His death was due to heart failure by heavy drinking.” SKAMANIA COUNTY PIONEER, 27 August 1976, Bicentennial Edition, First White Child in Skamania Choked to Death on Meat , by Jim Atwell. “Cassius Marcellus Williams came into the new world at Bradford’s Landing, Upper Cascades, Washington Territory… Celly grew up to be a character and was practically disowned as a half-brother by Monty and John Atwell who were born a few years later. Celly grew up with the Indians, hunted for them, bringing in 33 deer one bad winter to help feed the local Indians. He killed quite a number of cougars, eating them also. He was a noted ox team driver. It has been told that he would straighten out a lazy

183 Jim Attwell, in his HISTORY OF THE COLUMBIA GORGE quotes from MY ARRIVAL IN WASHINGTON, but omits the paragraph in which Margaret Iman says of Sully Williams “He always loved me as his mother.” 184 Margaret Iman, MY ARRIVAL IN WASHINGTON IN 1852.

115 oxen by jumping on the back of a balky ox and walk down his back with his “cork” boots, after this the ox knew who was boss. Celly drank a lot and when crossed would fight anyone. In 1910 he walked in State’s Butcher Shop in Stevenson for something to eat and asked for a hamburger. The shop was out of ground meat, so he purchased a steak and started eating it raw. He choked on it as he walked out the door and died there. He is buried in the Odd Fellows Cemetery in an unmarked grave.” (Note: Margaret Iman said in her interview with Donald Brown that Sully Williams was buried in the Iman Cemetery, Stevenson, Washington.) Conrad “Tonny” Lundy, of Stevenson, remembers, “In the early 1940’s a daughter of Sully Williams put an advertisement in the LADIES HOME COMPANION hoping to find the Iman family who had taken care of her father as a child. It was my grandmother, Mrs. Louis Iman, who answered the advertisement and invited the daughter, who then lived in Ohio, to visit Stevenson. Sully William’s daughter did come to Stevenson, and she personally thanked the Imans for taking care of her father as a child.” 185 Cassius Marcellus “Sully” Williams married: Viola Potter, daughter of John Potter and Huldah (——) of Wasco Co. Oregon; b. Feb 1855, in Oregon; d. 10 March 1901, at Portland, Multnomah Co. Oregon, aged 46. 186 Sully Williams and Viola (Potter) divorced in 1888, in Wasco Co. Oregon. Wasco Co. Oregon Court Records, “Viola Williams vs. C. M. Williams, divorce.”

1880 census Wasco Co. Oregon, Falls precinct, 22nd Precinct, e.d. 122, p. 254D, sheet 4D, no. 39-41: WILLIAMS, Cassius, 27, lumberman, Wash T./ —/ Ill Viola, 24, wife, keeping house, Oregon/ Maine/ Ill Minnie, 7, daughter, Oregon/ Wash T/ Oregon Winnie F., 4, daughter, Oregon/ Wash T/ Oregon Georgia E., 1, daughter, Oregon/ Wash T/ Oregon POTTER, Huldah, 48, mother-in-law, Ill John, 78, father-in-law, Maine McKAY, James C., 21, boarder, brickmaker, Oregon/ Canada/ WILKEN, Archie, 21, boarder, Oregon SHIN, Lafayette, 26, boarder, Mo ADAMS, Lewis, 21, boarder, brickmaker, N York 1900 census Multnomah Co. Oregon, Portland, e. d. 58, p. 160B, sheet 1B, 245 Sixth Street, no. 9-14: WILLIAMS, Minnie M., head, Feb 1872, 27, single, Oregon/ Oregon/ Oregon, saleswoman, can read/ write, rents house Viola, mother, Feb 1855, 46, widow, 3 children 2 living, Oregon/ Maine/ Illinois, can read/ write THAYER, Alice M., boarder, Apr 1875, 25, single, Nebraska/ Maine/ Illinois, saleswoman, can read/ write KRAGGS, George H., boarder, Aug 1830, 69, widow, S Carolina/ FRANCE/ SCOTLAND, clerk (Custom H.), can read/ write

Children of Cassius Marcellus Williams and Viola (Potter): i. Minnie M. (1873-1970), ii. Winnie (1876-) and iii. Georgia E. (1879-d. before 1900) Williams. 187

1900 census Pacific Co. Washington, Iwalco twp., e.d. 143, p. 7B, logging camp - includes names of several lodgers/loggers:

185 Tonny Lundy, of Stevenson, Washington, interview 1994. Note: Tonny Lundy d. 1997; buried Iman Cemetery, Stevenson, Washington. 186 Death index Portland, Oregon: Viola (Potter) Williams. 187 From Ancestry World Connect (www.ancestry.com ): Notes on children of Cassius Marcellus Williams and Viola (Potter): i. Minnie W. (1873-1970), d. Portland, Multnomah Co. Oregon, ii. Winnie F. (1873- , married Carroll Brandon ) Williams.

116 Williams “Cassie” (actually reads “Cassus Williams”), lodger, 48, September 1851, single, Washington/ WALES/ Illinois, logger

References: Census 1850 DeKalb Co. Missouri. Census 1830, 1840, 1850 Monroe Co. Illinois. Census 1900 Wasco Co. Oregon. Census 1880, 1900, 1910, 1920 census Multnomah Co. Oregon. Census 1860, 1870, 1880, 1900, 1910, 1920, 1930 Skamania Co. Washington. State Census 1871, 1885, 1887 Skamania Co. Washington. Marriage Records Monroe Co. Illinois. Land and Deed Records Skamania Co. Washington. Marriage Records Skamania Co. Washington. Probate Records Skamania Co. Washington. Records of the Civil Court Skamania Co. Washington. Records of the Superior Court Skamania Co. Washington. Vital Records, Deaths, Department of Health, Olympia, Washington. AN ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON , by Rev. H. K. Hines, D. D., The Lewis Publishing Company, Chicago, 1894, pages 209-214, Chapters XXV- XXXI, The Indian War and Attack on the Cascades. Atwell, Jim, COLUMBIA RIVER GORGE HISTORY, Volume 1 1784-1865, Volume 2 1865-1900, published by Tahlkie Books; Stevenson, Washington, 1971, 1974. Barringer, Florence Mrs., of Renton, Washington (2002), personal interviews in 2000 and 2001. She is great granddaughter of Lucinda (Windsor) Donaldson, granddaughter of Elizabeth (Donaldson) Whitson, and daughter of Bryan Jason Whitson. She with her parents and grandmother Mrs. Whitson lived at Stevenson, Washington in early 1930’s and knew many of the Imans. Brown, Virginia Mrs., of Washington, great granddaughter of Flora (Iman) Foster. Correspondence and e-mail 2002-2003. Clifford, Mrs. E. J. “Frances”, 3816 S.E. Filbet St., Milwaukee, Oregon, 97222, telephone 503-654-1213; daughter of Otis McKinnon, granddaughter of Malcolm McKinnon and Martha (Iman); telephone interview 9 July 2001. HISTORY OF SKAMANIA COUNTY, published by the Skamania County Historical Society, Stevenson, Washington, 1957. Articles and personal recollections from various sources about the history of Skamania Co. Washington. Copy in the Public Library at Stevenson, Washington. Iman, George W., EARLY DAYS AT THE CASCADES. (A two page memoir of pioneer days in Skamania Co. Washington. It is included as a chapter in the HISTORY OF SKAMANIA COUNTY, published by the Skamania County Historical Society. Iman, Steve, http://www.enthuz.com/friends/family/index.html , Iman genealogy website (2003), great grandson of Theodore Iman, grandson of Jeremiah Iman. Lives Dana Point, California (2003). Iman Cemetery, located on Iman Cemetery Road, Stevenson, Washington . Lockley, Fred, HISTORY OF THE COLUMBIA RIVER VALLEY FROM THE DALLES TO THE SEA, published by S. J. Clark Publishing Company, Chicago, 1928. Lockley, Fred, IMPRESSIONS AND OBSERVATIONS OF THE JOURNAL MAN , 12 June 1933, 13 June 1933, 20 June 1933 and 21 June 1933. A column in the OREGONIAN newspaper, published at Portland, Oregon. Mr. Lockley personally interviewed Flora Adelia Foster and Louis Franklin Iman regarding pioneer days in Skamania Co. Washington. Lundy, Conrad “Tonny,” of Stevenson, Washington, grandson of Louis Franklin Iman. Telephone conversation about Windsor and Iman family history, 5 August 1995. McClure, Rick; Columbia Gorge Interpretative Center, Looking Back on the Yacolt Fire of 1902. STERN-WHEELERS UP COLUMBIA, A CENTURY OF STEAM BOATING IN THE OREGON COUNTRY, published by Pacific Books, Palo Alto, California, 1947; Chapter 3, Trouble at the Cascades, p. 29-38.

117 Moore, Jack, of Camas, Washington, great grandson of Flora Adelia (Iman) Foster and brother of Jeff Moore. Telephone conversation, 24 January 1996. Moore, Jeff, of Stevenson, Washington , great grandson of Flora Adelia (Iman) Foster and brother of Jack Moore. Personal interviews, September 1995. MT. TACOMA PENNANT, newspaper began in 1905 for Mt. Tacoma, Washington. (Newspaper includes the local news column for Roy, Washington.) MY ARRIVAL IN WASHINGTON IN 1852, The Interview and Narrative Story of Margaret Iman in Early Skamania County, by Donald Brown, Historian of the Skamania County Historical Society, originally published in the SKAMANIA COUNTY PIONEER, possibly in March/April 1922; reprinted in the SKAMANIA COUNTY PIONEER, circa 1951, for the series of articles HISTORY OF THE CASCADES. OBITUARIES IN THE SKAMANIA COUNTY PIONEER NEWSPAPER 1900-1929, compiled by Homer and Alice Townsend, Goldendale, Washington, 1985. ON THE OREGON TRAIL, text by Jonathan Nicholas, photography by Ron Cronin, Graphics Arts Center Publishing Company, Portland, Oregon, 1992. Color photographs of landscapes and landmarks along the Oregon Trail. The motherless baby story of Margaret Iman is briefly quoted on p. 34, although her name is misquoted as Margaret Inman. OREGONIAN, Old Document Reveals Graphic Account of Pioneer Woman’s Experiences in West, 14 June 1931, section 4, p. 4, newspaper published Portland, Oregon. Rediscovery of Margaret Iman’s 1922 pioneer interview from the SKAMANIA COUNTY PIONEER. Shawcross, Ruth, of Vancouver, Washington. Granddaughter of Flora Adelia (Iman) Foster. In 1957 Ruth wrote a letter to Mrs. Martha (Windsor) Meinecke, of Tulsa, Oklahoma, a niece of Margaret Iman, concerning the Windsor and Iman family history. Also telephone conversations from 1993 to 1995 and personal interviews in September 1995. SKAMANIA COUNTY, WASHINGTON CEMETERY RECORDS, by Honorable Daphne Ramsay, County Clerk of Skamania County, published 1987, by Clark County Genealogical Society, Vancouver, Washington. Skamania County Historical Society, c/o The Interpretative Center, Stevenson, Washington . SKAMANIA COUNTY PIONEER, newspaper published since 1893 at Stevenson, Skamania Co. Washington. Issues before 1901 are missing. TACOMA NEWS TRIBUNE, newspaper published at Tacoma, Washington. TOLD BY THE PIONEERS, 3 Volumes, by the Washington Pioneer Project, printed under a project directed by Secretary of State, E. N. Hutchinson, 1937. Volume 1, pages 195- 198 contains an abridged reprint of MY ARRIVAL IN WASHINGTON IN 1852, by Margaret Iman; and Volume 3, pages 68-70, contains an interview with Louis Franklin Iman of pioneer days in Skamania County. Unruh, John, THE PLAINS ACROSS, THE OVERLAND EMIGRANTS AND THE TRANS- MISSISSIPPI WEST, 1840-1860, University of Illinois Press, 1979. Warren, Esther, THE COLUMBIA GORGE STORY, published 1977; Newport, Oregon. WASHINGTON TERRITORY DONATION LAND CLAIMS , published by the Seattle Genealogical Society, Seattle, Washington. Abstract of the Felix G. Iman Donation Land Claim, p. 205.

. . .

118 Appendix

Autobiography Written by Fenner Foster (1823-1907)

Fenner Foster and family: (front row from left) Zettie Moore (1886-, daughter of Caleb), Caleb Moore (1849-), Josie Moore (1890-, daughter of Caleb), Fenner Foster (1823-1907), Rebecca (Parsons) Foster (1824-1910, wife of Fenner Foster); (back row from left) Scott Brown (son of Rebecca Parsons by first husband, Joshua Meek Brown), Jane Brown (daughter of Rebecca Parsons by first husband, Joshua Meek Brown), Julia (1866-, daughter of Fenner Foster and wife of Caleb Moore), Mollie Moore (1884, daughter of Caleb). photograph circa 1889, Mt. Pleasant, Skamania Co. Washington

(page 1) To please my children and Grandchildren, I propose to commit to writing as much of the cronology of our family and of its history as I am acquainted with. To begin with, the first known of our ancestry. Three brothers whose names respectively were: Fenner, Heckaliak and John. 188 They came to America from England before the Revolutionary War, and setled in that part of New England now the state of Maine, then called the Colony of Massachusetts Bay. 189 Have not the date but father

188 Fenner (1736-), Hackaliah (1739/40-) and John (also known as Jonathan) (1732-) Foster were the sons of David Foster (1706-) and Elizabeth (Markham) of Long Island, New York. (See footnote 2.) 189 The Foster family history actually goes further back in America. The ancestor of the Foster family was Christopher Foster (1603-1687), b. in Ewell, Surrey Co. ENGLAND, who came to America in 1635 on the ship Abigail with his wife, Frances (Stevens) (1610-), their children and Frances sister’ Alice (Stevens). The ship arrived at Boston, Massachusetts and the family afterward settled at Lynn, Massachusetts. About 1650 Christopher Foster and family moved to Long Island, New York. It is

119 once told me all three brothers took part in the Revolutionary War. Fenner, the one I was named for, moved to South Hill, Onadaga Co. N. Y. 190 He was the father of seven boys and one girl. The girl married Live Rawley. I visited her in company with my cousin in 1848. Had sailed on the ship Maringa Capt. Cole on a whaling voyage for nearly three years without knowing we were any relation. I visited my grandmother when I was 7 or 8 years old. 191 She was then above ninety years of age and was about the size of my wife. 192

(page 2) She could see without glasses and could get about the house as well as most women of fifty. Father told me she lived to be more than one hundred years old when she died on the old homestead. I know but little of my uncles one of them lived at Bath in Steubin Co. N. Y. about fifty years ago. 193 Saw one of his sons, my cousin about that time in Penyan or Penyare the county seat of Yates Co. N. Y. There were several cousins of Fathers who me and my wife visited in 1856 or 57. Dodge and Portage Co. Wisconsin. Some were women and some were men, all with large families. Remember one of the girls married a Mr. Giraiel Giraril they put on so much style. I told him he reminded me of a shop because her rigging cost more than her hull. Another of Father’s cousins was a merchant residing at Fox Lake don’t know what co. in Wisconsin I think it is in Columbia did not visit him. There was many of his cousins in the vicinity seemed to be all quite well off mostly merchants or traders to lazy to work much.

(page 3) Now for my own family. Fathers name was Isaac Foster. Think he was the youngest son of Fenner. I think he was born in the province of Massachusetts which now is in the state of Maine. His first wifes family name was Plri (unreadable) don’t know her Baptismal name – to them was born 7 daughters the eldest was Hulda she married a Joel Skinner. 194 The last I know of him he lived in Michigan. The next were twins Olive and Esther. The married Brothers Chisanet Chishnet moved to Ohio or Michigan know but little about them. Father visited them in 1856 they were then engaged in making tanning mills there was another pair of twins one of them was named Mary we called Polly the other was Jerusia have forgotten who Mary married but Jerusia waited as long as Jacob did for his Rachel and married a man by the name Jasan who died and left her rich without children in less than two years. She married again but lost track of her. (page 4)

said he died at Southhampton, Suffolk Co. New York, but other research says he may have died at Lynn, Massachusetts. The descendants of Christopher Foster include Fenner, Heckaliah and John Foster mentioned in this autobiography. The ancestors of the author of this autobiography would be father Isaac 6 (c1785-), grandfather Fenner 5 (1736-), great grandfather David 4 (1706-), great great grandfather David 3 (1678-), great great great grandfather Nathaniel 2 (1632-1713), great great great great grandfather Christopher 1 (1603-1687). A genealogy has been published, THE DESCENDANTS OF CHRISTOPHER FOSTER OF LONG ISLAND, NEW YORK, by Helen Foster Snow, 1955. 190 Onondaga Co. New York. 191 About 1830. 192 1790 census Albany Co. New York, p. 301: Jonthan B. Foster 1m over 16, 2m under 16, 2f; Hackaliah Foster 3m over 16, 3m under 16, 3f; Libeus Foster 1m over 16, 1f; Fener Foster 1m over 16, 3m under 16, 3f. 193 The uncle referred to is probably Erastus Foster, son of Fenner Foster (1735-). Erastus is buried in the West Hill Baptist Church Cemetery at Prattsburg, Steuben Co. New York. Gravestone reads, Erastus Foster d. 21 November 1847, age 81-2-9. Birth records of Granville, Hampden Co. Massachusetts record Erastus Foster as b. 12 September 1766. According to Massachusetts military records he served in the Continental Army, 1st Massachusetts Regiment, and in 1782 enlisted in the Revolutionary War. Erastus' fourth great granddaughter Jill Michielsen (23 November 1999). 194 Joel Skinner (c1804-living 1880), b. New York. Married Huldah (Foster), b. c1810, New York. 1880 census St. Joseph Co. Michigan, Leonidas, p. 354B: Joel Skinner.

120 One of the girls whose name I have been forgotten died quite young the youngest Cloe married a man by the name of Ezekail Griswold. 195 The raised quite a family there were two grown sons and 2 smaller boys one girl. They started from Wisconsin in the spring of 1863 the last heard from them was when they were about to start moving Omaha they wrote to my wife and what train they were going to go on was then in the Army and when I come out tried to learn of them but failed and when we came to this country in 1872 inquired of every at all acquainted with the route across the Plains but have been able to anything of them. Father’s first wife died about the year 1821 and he married my mother about one year after. Her maiden name was Annie Sheffield she was of Scotch parentage was a widow had one son. Theodore was about 4 years older than me and he took the name of Foster – don’t know what his father’s name was.

(page 5) Now comes the sad part of our family history. I was born in the county of Chautauqua N. Y. and lived there until about six years of age when we moved to Onondaga Co. 196 There father formed a partnership with a man by the name of Taylor. They run a sawmill together. He had a daughter about my age and we took turns reading the newspapers of an evening each striving to stand best. We attended the same school and each strove to excel and the last the teacher gave me the first premium. She obtained the second, she burst into tears which so affected me I awkwardly offered her both which made the matter so much worse, she had to be carried home which set me to bawling like a hungry calf. This occurrence enables me to sincerely believe children are naturally soft hearted and tender and affectionate and only grow hard and unsympathetic by the surrounding in which they are brought up.

(page 6) As we then lived in the village of Skanecetdy 197 – attended school when there was a school (which was not continuous) as the patrons had to pay pro rata as the lawyers say and how people could not always afford to send their children. We moved into the town of Ownsea and about the age of nine years my parents separated have never seen my mother since. 198 There was two children Myself – as sister about six named Delia which Father found places for. Sister went to a distant relation named Glass saw her occasionally afterwards. Brother Theodore (13 years?) went to learn the carriage makers trade by John Lyle Lyer at Skanecetetas and Father took me to learn the tanners and curriers carriers trade with a man by the name of Hiram Earrl. He was to send me to school winters but as he had a large family of his own he set me driving oxen instead. I froze both feet and as I could not walk he put me in the shop and the foreman cut out a pair of boots which he showed me how and I closed up.

(page 7)

195 Ezekiel Griswold, son of Solomon Griswold and Betsy (West); b. 6 June 1810, in New York; d. c1882, in Wisdom, Beaverhead Co. Montana. Ezekiel Griswold married 1) Sarah (——). Lived in Ohio then moved to moved to Columbia Co. Wisconsin about 1850. Children of Ezekiel Griswold and Sarah (——): i. James (1842-), ii. Alliswon W. (c1845-), iii. Lewis F. (c1847-) and iv. Frederick D. (c1852-) Griswold. Ezekiel Griswold married 2) Chloe (Foster), c1850, in Kingston, Columbia Co. Wisconsin, daughter of Isaac Foster; b. c1818 in New York; d. c1875, in LaGrande, Union Co. Oregon or Wisdom, Beaverhead Co. Montana. Children of Ezekiel Griswold and Sarah: v. Lydia Ellen Griswold (b. 7 July 1860, in Columbia Co. Wisconsin; d. 29 June 1933 in Valley, Stevens County, Washington; married 1] Henry Lish, c1882 in Wisdom, Beaverhead Co. Montana; married 2] Francis John Rollins, 17 July 1887 in Wisdom, Beaverhead Co. Montana.) 1880 census Beaverhead Co. Montana, Big Hole, p. 30D: Ezekiel Griswold. 196 1830 census Onondaga Co. New York, Skaneateles, p. 147: Isaac Foster, 1m under 10; 1m 5-10; 1m 40-50; 1f under 10; 1 10-15; 1f 15-20. 197 Skaneateles, Onondaga Co. New York. 198 About 1832.

121 And then he lasted (laced) them and showed me how and I pegged on the soles which was the first and last pair of boots I ever tried to make. They lasted me until out grown. Did not like the place or the people and the next spring went to live with a farmer by the name of Capt. Wm. Thomas where I remained until the spring after I was fourteen years of age. 199 In the meantime Father married again this time a widow lady with quite a family. He came to see me after and when and after he married this woman, asked to go home with him and remain. Made them a visit, but did not feel as much at home there as at Capt. Thomas and as Father did not insist on my coming home, remained where I was. Delia went home but did not remain long but went back to her former place, in fact the family was large enough without either of us. Father about this time went to Ohio and I did not see or hear from him for a number of years. 200

(page 8) I learned afterwards that his 3rd wife died and left him two small boys but have never seen them. After living with Capt. Thomas until after fourteen I wished to visit Father in Ohio. Speaking of this to Capt. Thomas in the spring he promised me as he was going to Ohio to visit his married daughter, he would take me along with and could make Father a good visit and return when he did and if I would do this and come back and stay with him until 21 years of age, he had agreed with Father to give me as good chance for education as his Boys had and when 21 would give me choice horse, saddle, bridle and good cloths and one hundred dollars in money. He promised to do this for me and as said could not learn more in common school he would send me to the Academy three continuous years might commence them or work until eighteen and then take my three years at school. By not accepting his offer I made the greatest mistake of my life because I could learn at that time anything from books.

(page 9) Experience is a dear teacher but fools will learn in other (way) school is taught by someone wiser than me. In leiw of accepting Capt. Thomas offer left him. I went visit about one hundred miles and hired by the month for eight dollars a month to a farmer by the name of Riley Sprayen (Sprague) he employed another 2 years older than myself to which he payed ten dollars per month. Mr Sprayer done little work himself until harvest when he hired on other man to cradle grain. We put in ten acres of Oats 4 of corn about 2 of potatoes We two boys cultivated the potatoes and corn. Summer fallowed 75 acres plowed it all twice and more than half of it 3 times harvested the oates, cut and put in the barn ten acres of hay – 40 acres of wheat sown the fall before then we put in the 75 acres summer fallowed (planted?) Gathered the spring sown crop of potatoes, corn an in addition gathered a large crop of apples and made cider and threshed out all the wheat and oats. This we boys did by changing work with the Brothers. The only help we had was one man for 10 days in Harvest and this work was done in time for me to start for Ohio before navigation closed.

(page 10) blank . . . Notes on Fenner Foster:

199 “…until I was fourteen years of age...” about 1837. 200 1840 census Adams Co. Ohio, Monroe twp., p. 12: Isaac Foster 1m under 10, 1m 10-15, 3m 20- 30, 1m 50-60; 3f under 5, 2f 15-20, 1f 30-40, 1f 50-60. 1850 census Licking Co. Ohio, Hartford twp., p. 224B: Isaac Foster, 66, farmer, Mass; Elizabeth, 55, Pa.; Telitha Franks, 20, Ohio.

122 Fenner Foster, b. 30 July 1823 Chautauqua Co. New York; d. 13 September 1907, Mt. Pleasant, Skamania Co. Washington, aged 84. He is buried Mt. Pleasant Cemetery, Skamania Co. Washington. Fenner Foster served in the Civil War, Union Army, as a Sergeant in the 1st Missouri Engineers, Company C, as a corporal later promoted to Sergeant in the Regiment of West Missouri Volunteers, Company D. Married 1) Julia Ann (Babbit), on 22 June 1850, at New Berlin, Waukesha Co. Wisconins, 201 daughter of Ira Babbit and Jane (); b. c1831, Waukesha Co. Wisconsin; d. 14 April 1866, probably in Louisa Co. Iowa.

1850 census Waukesha Co. Wisconsin, Muskeego, p. 328A: BABBIT, Ira, 57, farmer, Vermont; Jane, 47, New York; Ira Jr., 22, New York J. A., 19, female, New York Adelaid, 15, New York S. J. JOHNSON, 10, female, Wis. FOSTER, Fenner, 27, laborer, New York.

1860 Louisa Co. Iowa, Jefferson twp., Toolesborough, p. 955, no. 7-7: FOSTER, Fenner Foster, 36, sawyer, personal estate $270, N. York Julia Ann, 39, N. York Allie Jane, 7, Wis Fremont, 3, Wis Ira Isaac, 1, Wis HARVEY, Charles, H., 39, mail carrier, Mass.

Married 2) Mrs. Rebecca (Parsons) Brown, c1867, in Louisa Co. Iowa, probably the daughter of Jonathan Simps Parsons and Agnes Nancy (Neville) of Hardy Co. West Virginia and Louisa Co. Iowa. Rebecca Parsons, b. 1824, in Virginia; d. 1910, in Jefferson twp., Louisa Co. Iowa. She is buried Parsons Cemetery, Jefferson twp., Louisa Co. Iowa. Rebecca Parsons married 1) Joshua Meek Brown, on 25 February 1845, in Louisa Co. Iowa. After the death of second husband Fenner Foster, Rebecca (Parsons) returned to Iowa where she lived with her Parsons relatives.

1870 census Louisa Co. Iowa, Jefferson twp., p. 503B, sheet 10, no. 77-77: FOSTER, Fenner , 47, farmer, real estate $500, personal estate $439, New York Rebecca, 41, keeps house, Virg Anna J., 17, at school, Wis Fremont, 15, Wis Isaac, 12, Wis Julia, 4, Iowa BURNS, W. S., 17, farm laborer, Iowa.

1880 census Skamania Co. Washington, e.d. 40, p. 23B, sheet 21B, no. 134-159: FOSTER, F., 57, farm laborer, New York/ Massachusetts/ Scotland Rebecca, 53, wife, housekeeping, Virginia/ Virg/ Virg Julia, 14, daughter, at school, Iowa/ New York/ Virginia.

1910 census Louisa Co. Iowa, Jefferson twp., e.d. 94, p. 70, sheet 18A, no. —: PARSONS, Abe Parsons, head, 48, 2nd md., Iowa/ Virginia/ Ohio, farmer, can read/ write, owns farm free of mortgage Jessie L., wife, 48, 2nd md., 3 children 3 living, Iowa/ Virginia/ Illinois, can read/ write Dean H., step-son, 14, Iowa/ Iowa/ Iowa, can read/ write FOSTER, Rebecca, aunt, 86, widow, 4 children 1 living, Virginia/ Virginia/ Virginia, has own income, can read/ write

201 Marriage records Waukesha Co. Wisconsin.

123 SKAMANIA COUNTY PIONEER, 19 September 1907, “Died — At Mt. Pleasant, Wash., Sept. 13, 1907, Fenner Foster, aged 85 years. Grandpa Foster, as he was familiarly known, settled at Mt. Pleasant a number of years ago, where he was identified with the GAR and Mt. Pleasant and State granges. He leaves besides a widow, two daughters and two sons, Mrs. Jane Hall , Mrs. C. J. Moore, I. I. and F. F. Foster.”

The father of Fenner Foster (1823-1907) was Isaac Foster (c1785-), b. Hampden Co. Massachusetts. Lived Chautauqua Co. New York. About 1830 he moved to Ohio where he died. Married three times, names of wives unknown. Isaac Foster married 1) name unknown, married probably in New York. Children: i. Huldah (c1810-), married Joel Skinner, lived 1850, 1860 and 1870 census DeKalb Co. Indiana, 1880 census St. Joseph Co. Michigan ; ii. Olive, twin of Esther, iii. Esther, twin of Olive, iv. Mary, twin of Jerusha, v. Jerusha, twin of Mary, vi. Cloe (c1818-1875, d. either in Oregon or Montana), married Ezekiel Griswold (1810- c1882) and lived in 1860 census Columbia Co. Wisconsin, and 1880 census in Beaverhead Co. Montana. Isaac Foster married 2) Anne (Sheffield), c1822, in New York. Note: Anne Sheffield was supposedly scottish and had a son Theodore from a prior marriage who took the surname Foster. Children: vi.. Fenner (1823-1907) and vii. Anne Foster. Isaac Foster married 3) name unknown. Said to have had two children by 3rd wife, names unknown. (Above list of children from handwritten autobiography of Fenner Foster (1823- 1907), son of Isaac, in possession of Mrs. Ruth Jory, 8004 Capitol Road, Vancouver, Washington. 25 September 1995.) Fenner Foster (c1760-), parents unknown, was from Hampden Co. Massachusetts . He may be the Fenner Foster who married Elizabeth (Tharp), in Hampden Co. Children: Isaac (see above entry) (c1785-), ii. Erastus Foster (1766-1842) and perhaps others. 16 March 2000, from To: [email protected] , “I’m still here still trying to tie in all the lines to Fenner Foster . Fenner was born in Middletown, Middlesex Ct. He moved with his brother, James Foster , to Granville, Hampden Co Mass where he married Elizabeth Tharp. I know he had at least one child Erastus (my relative) and possibly a son named Isaac (who named one of his sons Fenner, he ended up in Skamania Co. Washington)…” According to research Fenner Foster was a descendant of Christopher Foster (1603-1687) who arrived in 1635 in the ship Abigail from ENGLAND to Massachusetts. Christopher d. at Long Island, New York. Married Frances (Stevens) (1607-). She b. ENGLAND. Had eight children. (See CHRISTOPHER FOSTER FAMILY HISTORY, Book One [Parts 1 and 2]: History of the Descendants of Christopher Foster and Frances Steven, His wife, who came to America in 1635 and Lived in Southampton, Long Island, New York, by Helen Foster Shaw. 169+110+61p., typescript. 1953.) . . .

Index

124 Aalvik, L., 36 Virginia (Moore), 38, 39 Alaska, 24 Widow (Rebecca Parsons), 34 Yakutat, 30 Bruning Allen E. W., 43 Daisy (Taylor), 45 Mrs. E. W., 43 Andrews Bullard John, 27 Isabell, 30 Arkansas Burt Washington Co., 39 Cornish, 43, 44 Avery Dick, 43 Reverend J. H., 31 Dickie, 44 Babbitt Dorothea (Nix), 40, 44 Ira, 33 Mrs. Cornish, 43 1850 U.S. census, 32 Bush Hotel, Upper Cascades, Skamania Julia, 33 Co. Washington, 26 Julia Ann, 32 Bushy Barringer Nettie, 29 Florence (Whitson), 28 California Barry Colton, 37, 38 J. Nelson, 29 Los Angeles, 22 Baughman Riverside Co., 22 Daniel, 27 San Francisco, 24, 33, 38 Beeks Card Jacob, 34 Stephen, 22 Josephine Victoria, 34 Verena E., 22 Bevans Carter Barbara, 29, 43 Mr., 26 Bruce, 44 Cascade Burt, 41 Chenoweth Glen, 43 Ellen "Tsawatha", 29 Glen Ray, 39 Chatten Glenda Rae, 43 Sharen, 43 John Wade, 39 Chenoweth Lucille, 29 Chief, Cascade tribe, 29, 30 Mrs. (Ruby Margaret Foster), 33 Ellen "Tsawatha", 29 Mrs. Glen, 43 Civil War, 31 Mrs. Martha (Iman), 29 Confederate Army Mrs. Wade, 29, 43 20th Brigade, 39 Nora, 39, 40 Union Army Nora Ann, 40 1st Missouri Engineers Oscar, 40, 43, 45 Company C, 32 Rodney, 43 West Missouri Volunteers Wade, 29, 43 Company D, 32 Wade Avary, 39 Compton Walter, 29 Martha, 1 Walter J., 39 Connecticutt William F., 40 Middlesex Co. Black Middletown, 33 Mrs. William (Foster), 38 Cook Blid, John, 32 Carlotta Ester, 22 Bradford Coulter Ash, 27 J. M., 41 Bransteader, Mr., 27 Cowles Brooks Evelyn P., 22 Helen, 40 Dakotas Brown Black Hills, 40 D. A. (Donald), 21 David John (of Civil War fame), 34 Jenny, 29 Joshua Meek, 32, 33 Wilfred, 29 Joshua Meek), 32 Decker

125 Wesley, 22 1880 U.S. census, 32 Dickens death, 37 Charles, 45 Flora/Florence Adelia, 26 Dodson 1920 U.S. census, 38 June, 43 1930 U.S. census, 38 Donaldson Florence (Nix), 40, 44, 46 Elizabeth, 28 Florence A., 20 John Marshall, 45 Florence Jr., 28 Douglas Fremont, "F. F.", "Mont", "Monta", E. N., 43 "Monty", 33, 36, 37, 38 Mrs. E. N., 43 Hattie M., 38, 39 Douglass Huldah, 33 Betty, 43 infant, 38 Dean, 43 Ira, 43, 44 Duane, 44 Ira D., 28, 29, 31, 36, 37, 38, 39, 44 Duanne, 43 Ira I., 46 Dwane, 29 Ira Isaac, 20, 27, 28, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, E. N., 43 36, 37, 38 Everett, 44 1880 U.S. census, 35 Larry, 43 1900 U.S. census, 35 Lyda, 29 1910 U.S. census, 37 Lyda (Nix), 40, 44 obituary, 37, 38 Melvin, 43 Ira Isaac Sr., 44 Mrs. E. N., 43 Isaac, 32, 33 Mrs. Melvin, 43 James, 33 ENGLAND, 33 Jerusha, 33 Entner Julia (Babbit), 34 Arline (Nix), 40, 44 Leanna, 38, 39 Estell Lenna J. "Betty" "Elizabeth", 38, 39 Evelyn, 46 Mary, 33 Evans Mrs., 20 R. O., 36 Mrs. Flora, 20 Eyman Mrs. Flora (Iman), 44 Lewis/ Louis, 31 Mrs. I. I., 28 FINLAND, 32 Mrs. Ike (Flora Adelia), 38 Flesh Mrs. Ira (Wiley), 43 Lee Olive, 33 1910 U.S. census, 37 Pearl A., 38 Florida, 39 Rebecca (Parsons) Fort Rains, Lower Cascades, 1910 U.S. census, 32 Washington, 30 death, 37 Forts Ruby, 20 Washington Ruby Margaret, 35, 38, 39 Fort Rains Truvillah (Wiley), 28 Middle Cascades, 21 Vernon Kenneth Felix "Fenner", 29, 31, Fort Rains, Middle Cascades, 21 36, 38, 39 Foster Fultz Anne, 33 Don, 44 Annie Jane, 34 Garwood Christopher, 33 Betty Jane, 45 CHRISTOPHER FOSTER FAMILY Emma (Royce), 45 HISTORY, by Helen Foster Snow, Henery, 43 published 1953, 33 Gay Drusilla, 29 Wadeen, 29 Erastus, 33 Geil/ Gile/ Giles Esther, 33 Mrs., 27 Fenner (of Massachusetts), 33 Simeon, 26, 27 Fenner Sr., 32, 33, 36 1910 U.S. census, 37 1850 U.S. census, 32 Georgia, 39 1860 U.S. census, 32 GERMANY, 23, 24, 25, 34, 35, 37, 52, 68 1870 U.S. census, 32 Rhine Provinces, 21

126 Ginder, John H., 23 Emma Kyler, 21 Gould F. C. (Francis C.), 20 George M., 34 Felix, 20 George Marion Willis, 34 Felix Grundy, 5, 6, 15, 17, 20, 26, 30, 31, Jason, 34 32, 40, 58, 85, 86, 87, 99, 107 Myrtle Elizabeth, 34 Flora, 44 Graham Flora A., 44 Billie Ann, 43 Flora Adelia, 20, 27, 28, 32, 35, 38 Don, 43, 44 1st marriage to Charles Morgan, 31 Karen, 44 obituary, 30 Mrs. Don, 43 Flora/Florence Adelia, 26 Grand Army of the Republic / GAR, 32 Francis E., 22 Griswold Frank, 20 Ezekiel, 33 George W. Gurr 1900 U.S. census, 35 Kay, 39 Ida, 22 Mr., 39 Ida M., 22 Mr., son of Leanna (Moore), 39 J. (Jeremiah), 20, 22 Hall J. W. (John William), 20 Mrs. Jane (Foster), 33 Jean J., 22 Handrub, J., 36 Jeremiah, 22 Harris Jerry G., 22 James G., 41 John, 45, 46 Hauge, Minister C. N., 32 L. F., 45, 46 Haymaker, Holmaker, Hommacher Lewis/ Louis Franklin, 37 Emma, 21 Louis Franklin, 29 Hannah, 21 Mae/ May (Eyman), 29 Hazard Margaret (Windsor), 45 Billie, 43 Martha Luchada, 40 Hermann, Jim, 26 Mary Anna (Kirchner), 23 HISTORY OF APIARY OREGON, 25 Mrs. Felix, 45 HISTORY OF OLD WALLA WALLA Mrs. Grace, 22 COUNTY WASHINGTON, by Mrs. L. F., 45 Lyman, 23 Mrs. Pearl, 22 HISTORY OF RANIER OREGON, 25 Mrs. Tessie, 22 Hoffmann Pearl, 22 John, 23 Raymond Stephen, 22 Howell Rosalia, 22 Cornelia, 30 T. C. (Theodore Columbus), 20 Maggie, 30 Theo C. Hull 1880 U.S. census, 21 Mrs. A. J. (Foster), 38 obituary, 20 Mrs. W. G. (Foster), 37 Theodore, 20, 21, 45 Illinois 1885 Washington state census, 22 Calhoun Co., 23 1900 U.S. census, 22 Monroe Co., 26 Theodore C., 20 Iman Theodore Columbus, 20, 21, 22, 24, 26 A. O. (Albert Odum), 20 1910 U.S. census, 23 Albert, 46 1920 U.S. census, 24 Albert O. 1st marriage to Emma (Kyler), 21 1900 U.S. census, 35 2nd marriage to Mary Anna Albert Odum, 29, 31 (Kirchner), 23 Alfred, 46 abandoned during Indian raid, 26 C. N. (Charles Nathaniel), 20 Iman sawmill, 73, 77, 82, 97 Dicie, 22 Indian Jim "Tassalo", 27 Dorothy, 22 Indiana E. B. (Elmer B.), 20 Tippecanoe Co., 1, 26 Elmer, 20, 22 Indians Emma, 21, 22 Cascade, 26, 27, 29, 30 Emma (Kyler) Chenoweth obituary, 22 Chief, 27, 29, 30

127 medal given by Lewis and Clark George, 21 to, 29 George S., 21 murder of, 27 George T., 21 Ellen "Tsawatha", 29 Henry, 21 Indian Jim "Tassalo", 27 Ida, 21 murder of, 27 Jacob, 21 Chinook, 29 James S., 21 Klickitat, 26, 27 John, 21 Yakima, 26, 27 John J., 21 Iowa Joseph, 21 Benton twp. Joseph Jr., 21 Des Moines, 40 Joseph Sr., 21 Des Moines, 44 Leonard, 21 Louisa Co., 32, 33, 34 Levi, 21 Jefferson twp., 32 Mary, 21 Toolesboro, 33, 37, 38 Mrs. Catherine, 21 Johnson Richard, 21 Ida, 20 Sarah Jane, 21 Jeff, 36 Kynaston S. J., 32 Hattie (Foster), 31 Wilbur, 22 Orvil, 39 Jones Lane Daniel, 35 Mrs. Mary V., 29, 30 Mrs. Rose, 20 Lewis and Clark medal owned by, 29 Jory obituary, 30 Mr., 39 Larkins Ruth (Moore), 33 Hugh, 43 Joyce Larsen Leana (Foster), 31 Elmer, 44 Mrs. J. F. (Foster), 38 Gary, 44 Mrs. Leona, 29 Judy, 44 Kale, F. W., 36 Le LaCheur Kansas, 28 Reverend Violet, 31 Barber Co., 39 Lear Kapp William King, 29 Erma, 30 Legard Kentucky, 39, 40 Mary M., 34 Johnson Co., 40 Lewis and Clark, 29 Lawrence, 39 Lindsley Lawrence Co., 39 Rev., 20 Kirchner Lisignoli, Mike, 28 Margaret, 24 Lockley Mary Anna, 20, 22, 23, 24, 26 Fred, 31 Melcher/ Melchior, 23 Lockley, Fred, 26, 27, 31 1850 U.S. census, 23 Loghry 1860 U.S. census, 23 Marie, 29 1870 U.S. census as Michael Nebler, Lund 23 Anna, 32 1880 U.S. census as M. Kirchner, 23 LUXEMBOURG, 24 Theresa, 23 Lyons Kirkman Betty (Foster), 29 William "The Water Witch", 42 Elizabeth (Foster), 31 Kraus, Mr., 24 Lena "Betty", 30 Kyler Mr., 39 Abraham, 21 Mrs. (Betty), 30 Benjamin, 21 Main Catherine, 21 Frank, 44 Charles, 21 Maine Conrad, 21 Edna (Nix), 40, 44 Elizabeth, 21 Frank, 43 Emma, 20, 21, 22 Mrs. Frank, 43

128 Mannin Mr., 44 Mrs. Sylvester, 45 Myers Manning Mrs. Ruby, 29 Dolly (Moore), 45 Nebler, Michael. See Kirchner, Gladys (Royce), 45 Melcher/ Melchior Grandma, 45 Nebraska, 33, 38 Rex, 45 Cass Co., 39 Royce, 45 Rock Bluff, 39 Massachusetts, 33 Sarpy Co., 21 Hampden Co., 33 Syrapee Co. (Sarpy Co.), 22 Granville, 33 Nevada McKinnon Fallon, 39 Malcolm H., 40 Neville Martha, 46 Agnes Nancy, 32 Martha (Iman), 40, 45 New York, 33 Mrs. M. L. (Martha Luchada), 20 Chautauqua Co., 32, 33 Michigan, 33 Long Island, 33 Minnesota, 23 Southampton, 33 St. Cloud Co., 23 Newspapers Stearns Co., 23 SKAMANIA COUNTY PIONEER, Missouri Stevenson, Washington, 44 Buchanan Co. Nix St. Joseph, 1 Ann, 43 Moffat Art, 44 Tom, 41 Arthur, 40, 42, 43, 44 Monaghan Arthur C., 44 Tom, 27 Cynthia, 39, 40 Moore Dorothea, 44 C. J., 33 Dorothy, 42 Dollie May, 39 Edna, 42 Hattie, 39 Edna C., 41 Iola, 39 Edna Crystal, 44 Jeff, 20 Elisha, 39 Joanne, 29 Elizabeth,, 40 Leana, 39 Ellen, 39, 40 Leo, 38 Eloise, 42 Leo Jr., 39 Flora (Iman), 29 Leo Sr., 39 Flora A. (Iman), 29, 30, 31 Leo, Jr., 20 obituary, 30 Leo, Sr., 20 Flora Adelia (Iman), 27 Louise, 29, 39, 43 Florence, 40, 42, 44 Mary Ellen, 29 Florence A., 39, 41 Mrs. C. J. (Foster), 33, 37, 38 Gene, 39 Mrs. Calvin, 29 George, 45 Mrs. Leo (Foster), 38 George Washington, 29, 40, 46 Mrs. Ruby, 45 Jane, 39 Mrs. Ruby (Foster), 43 Jeff Jr., 42 Ruby, 28, 29, 39, 43 Jefferson Davis, 28, 29, 30, 31, 39, 40, 41, Ruby Margaret (Foster), 29 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 54, 105 Ruth, 29, 39, 43 1900 U.S. census, 41 Morgan 1910 U.S. census, 42 Albinata/ Abnetha Deborah, 32 1930 U.S. census, 43 Anna (Lund) county records stolen, 41 1920 U.S. census, 32 Jefferson Davis, "Jeff",, 44 1930 U.S. census, 32 Joanne, 43 Charles, 27, 31, 32 John, 39, 40, 43, 44 1880 U.S. census, 31 Kay, 44 1900 U.S. census, 32 LeRoy, 40, 43, 44 in Civil War, 27 Lida, 43 Irene Anna, 32 Lyda, 44 Morris Mary Avary, 44

129 Mrs. Arthur, 43 1910 U.S. census, 32 Mrs. Jeff, 45 Jonathan Simps, 32 Mrs. Jeff (Flora Adelia Iman), 29 Rebecca, 32, 33 Mrs. Jefferson Davis (Iman), 43 Pennsylvania, 24, 34 Mrs. John, 43 Centre Co. Myrtle Ellen, 44 Bellafonte, 21 Nora, 42, 46 Clearfield Co., 21 Nora (Bevans), 42 Philipsburg, 21 Nora A. (Bevans), 41 Troy Hill, 21 Nora Ann (Bevans), 41, 42, 43 Cumberland Co., 21 1920 U. S. census, 43 Franklin Co., 21 1930 U.S. census, 43 Lancaster Co., 21 obituary, 44 Poivonen Nora Ann (Bevans), 44 Maud, 29 Nora L., 43 Mrs. Maude, 29 Nora Lida, 42 Patsy, 29 Phebe, 40 Rhode Island, 34 Phoebe, 39 Richards Roy, 41, 42, 43 Ellen (Nix), 40, 44 Samuel, 39 Frank, 43, 44 Sarah, 40 Mrs. Frank, 43 William, 39, 40 Phyllis, 43 William H., 39 Roeser North Carolina, 39 Jacob North Dakota, 22, 46 1900 U.S. census, 35 NORWAY, 27, 31 Roeser/ Rosier O’Dell Andy, 26 Augusta, 39 Bathilam, 26 Ohio, 33 Carl, 26 Olsen, Lena, 32 Jacob, 26 Oregon John, 26 Cascade Locks, 20 Joseph, 26 Clallam Co. Lina, 26 Port Angeles, 26 Margaret, 24 Columbia City, 23 Mary A. (Kirchner) Columbia Co., 23, 25 1900 U.S. census, 25 Apiary, 23, 24, 25 Mary Anna (Kirchner), 22 Rainier, 25 Matthew, 26 Hood River Co. Michael, 23, 24, 25, 26 Hood River, 40 1880 U.S. census, 24 Marion Co., 24 1st wife Margaret (Kirchner), 24 Multnomah Co., 32 2nd wife Mary Anna (Kirchner), 24 Gresham, 32 children, 26 Oregon, 33 naturalized as U.S. citizen, 25 Portland, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 38, 39, Michael Jr., 26 44 Mrs. Mary (Kirchner), 23 Oregon City, 22 Mrs. Susan, 24 Portland, 44 Odilla, 24 Salem, 31 Paul, 26 Stanfield, 29, 31 Peter, 24 Taft, 27 Peter Jr., 24 The Dalles, 44 Pius Peter, 24 Waldport, 44 Susan, 24 Walport, 46 Thomas, 26 Wasco Co., 20, 48, 49, 50, 53, 61, 63, Royce 110, 111, 112 Myrtle (Vallette), 45 Cascade Locks, 30, 37, 38, 45 RUSSIA, 32 Hood River, 29, 44 Scroth The Dalles, 27, 30, 31, 37, 38 Art, 44 Parsons Greg, 44 Abe Sellesat, Mr., 20

130 Sepres Thompson, Jim, 26 Teresa, 23 Toivonen, Mrs. Maude. See Poivonen, Shawcross Mrs. Maud Byron, 39 TOLD BY THE PIONEERS, Tales of Shepard/ Shepherd/ Sheppard Frontier Life as Told by Those Who Henry, 27 Remember the Days of the Territory Mr., 27 and Early Statehood of Washington, Shimmel 3 Volumes, Works Progress Christina, 21 Administration, Olympia, Ships Washington, 1937-38, 41 Abigail, 33 Townsend Cosmopolite, 30 Frank Mary, 26 1900 U.S. census, 35 Mayflower (Boat owned by Jefferson Underwood Davis Nix), 44 Amos, 29, 30, 34 Regulator, 36 Coret J., 30 The Blue Jay, 40 Ed, 30 The Little Iralda, 45 Ellen, 30 Silver Utah Marie (Nix), 40, 44 Salt Lake City, 39 Skamania County Washington Woods Cross, 38 Historical Society, 21 Varden Skinner Dolly, 45 Joel, 33 Virginia, 39 Slack Harper's Ferry, 34 Mrs. Pearl, 29 Voorhees Pearl (Foster), 29, 31, 38 Frank, 44 William, 29 Mrs. Frank, 44 William D. "Willie", 38 Wachter, John, 36 Willie Wall 1930 U.S. census, 38 Mrs. Arline, 44 Slock, Mrs. Pearl. See Slack, Mrs. Walton Pearl Samantha Ellen, 40 Sly Washington A. C., 41 Castle Rock, 20 Smith Charleston, 20 Mrs. Hattie (Foster), 38 Clark Co., 22, 28 St. Clair Vancouver, 30, 31 Mr., 27 Grayland, 29 Mrs., 27 Island Co., 22 Stackhouse Kent, 39 Al, 45, 46 King Co. Stevens Seattle, 22, 35 Frances, 33 Klickitat Co. Stevenson White Salmon, 30 George, 41 Lewis Co., 20, 23, 24, 28, 35, 73, 75, 76, Sweeney 79 Mr., 41 Lower Cascades Mrs., 29 Fort Rains, 30 Ruby (Foster), 31 Pacific Co., 22, 24 W. F., 29 Aberdeen, 22, 29 William, 39 Raymond, 20, 22 Texas Pierce Co., 28 Anderson Co., 39, 40 Roy, 35 Erath Co., 39, 40 Prairie City, 38 Ponycreek, 39 Raymond, 31 Stephensville, 39 Seattle, 38, 39, 44 Tharp Seetsop (Satsop), 20 Elizabeth, 33 Skamania Co., 21, 28, 39 Thompson Bonneville, 41 Selenar D., 39 Cape Horn, 34

131 Carson, 29, 38 Hardy Co., 32 Child Welfare Board, 42 Whitson Fort Cascades, 29 Elizabeth (Donaldson), 45 Iman Sawmill, 20 Florence, 28 Kanaka Creek, 40 Jason, 28 Kee's Sawmill, 46 Jayson, 45 Middle Cascades, 30 Samuel, 28, 45 Mt. Pleasant, 32, 33, 34, 37, 38 Wiley North Bonneville, 40, 41 Mr., 29 Stevenson, 1, 3, 4, 19, 20, 21, 22, 26, Truvillah, 39 28, 30, 32, 33, 35, 39, 40, 45, 46, Williams 47, 48, 50, 52, 53, 55, 58, 60, 61, Cassius Marcellus "Celly" "Sully", 28 68, 70, 72, 74, 76, 80, 82, 86, 87, Roger (of Rhode Island), 34 88, 90, 93, 97, 99, 100, 101, 103, Wilson 104, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, 110, R. C., 36 111, 112, 113 Windsor Ahola farm, 40 Jeremiah Daniel, 1 Rock Creek, 30 Lucinda, 45 Shepard Ranch, 40 Lucinda Martha Jane, 28 Stevenson Lumber Company, 20 Margaret, 20, 28, 31, 40 Valley Hotel, 40 Wisconsin, 33 Underwood, 29, 30 Waukesha Co., 32 Upper Cascades, 26 Woods Youman's Simpson Mill, 42 Nancy Jane, 39 Vancouver, 33, 37, 38 World War II, 39 Walla Walla Co., 23 Young White Salmon, 30 Margaret "Peggy", 39 West Virginia Matilda, 39

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