Name: Block: Station 1: Respiration Control As you know, respiration is an involuntary process in our body, which is a good thing or we would constantly have to tell our bodies to breath. However, it can also be consciously controlled to an extent. In this station, we are going to explore various factors that influence respiration rate and depth.
1. Physical Factors - How do each of the following impact breathing? (What do you notice to your breathing when you do the following? Try it and see.) a. Talking/Singing
b. Coughing
c. Exercising
2. Volition - Conscious Control a. Meditation – A simple type of mediation is as follows (read the directions first or have a person read these directions to the other group members). Have a seat and close your eyes. Now slowly breathe in; trying to take four seconds to breathe in. Now pause for a second or two. Now slowly breathe out, once again taking your time. Pause. Continue breathing in and out slowly. Repeat this about ten times. Now open your eyes. Congratulations, you have consciously controlled your breathing. a.i. How do you feel?
b. Holding your breath – who in your group can hold your breath the longest? Find out. b.i. So, who in your group can hold their breath the longest?
b.ii. Describe your body’s response to your breath holding.
3. Emotional factors a. Describe how your breathing differs between watching a scary movie, a comedy, and a sad movie.
4. Chemical Levels a. Use page 441 of your book to determine what chemical your body uses the most to regulate breathing.
b. What causes the blood pH level to drop?
c. Why must people with chronic lung diseases be careful with the oxygen levels they receive? Station 2: Boyle’s Law and the Lungs Using the pressure sensor that is attached to the computer, observe what happens to pressure as volume is changed. 1. Change the volume to 5 mL on the syringe. What happens to the pressure?
2. Change the volume to 20 mL on the syringe. What happens to the pressure?
3. What is the relationship between pressure and volume?
4. Now remove the syringe from the pressure sensor and set the volume to 10 mL. With your finger tightly plugging the opening of the syringe, push the syringe to a volume of 5 mL. Remove your finger and describe what happens to the air in the syringe.
5. Once again, set the volume to 10 mL. With your finger tightly plugging the opening of the syringe, pull the syringe to a volume of 20 mL. Remove your finger and describe what happens to the air in the syringe.
6. Using your observations, complete the following sentence. When volume is increased, air moves ______the syringe, but when volume is decrease, air move ______the syringe. (Make sure to record this information onto your study sheet) For the next part, one person will have to measure another member’s chest using the tape measure. This should be done toward the bottom of the sternum. 7. For the first measurement, have the person take and hold a large breath. They should hold this breath while the other person measures their chest. What is the size of their chest while they hold their breath?
8. For the second measurement, have the person expel as much air out as possible and then try not to take a breath until the other person takes this reading. What is the size of their chest during this part of the experiment?
9. What happens to the volume of the chest while breathing?
10. Using what you observed in the station, explain why air moves into and out of the lungs during breathing on your study sheet. Also, use pages 436-437 to define the words on the sheet. Station 4 – Lung Disorder Video At this station, you are going to watch some videos dealing with lung disorders. As you watch these videos, answer the questions that are found on your study sheet.
Station 5 – Effects on Breathing IF YOU FEEL DIZZY OR FIND BREATHING TOO DIFFICULT AT ANY POINT, TAKE SOME TIME TO BREATH NORMALLY!!!! 1. Each person in the group should first take a drinking straw and use it to breathe for about a minute. Only the straw should be used and the nose may need to be pinched in order to perform this experiment. Describe what it is like to breathe in this way.
2. Each person in the group should take a stirring straw and repeat the process. Describe what it is like to breathe in this way.
3. When a person is choking, the Heimlich maneuver is performed. This is because a piece of food is lodged and is preventing air movement. Use the bottle and stopper at this station to determine and explain why this is effective.
4. When a person’s heart stops and they stop breathing, CPR (Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation) is preformed. It is composed of chest compressions to compress the heart and pump the blood and giving the person breaths of air. If we breathe out carbon dioxide, why is the last part performed? (To help you answer this question, inflate a balloon with air, but do not tie it off. Breathe out and breathe the air from the balloon).
5. Also during CPR, the victim’s nose must be pinched closed. Why is this import?
Station 6 – Wanted Poster Judging At this station, you will be given time to look at the Wanted Posters that were created yesterday. Make sure to look at them closely and determine which one from each group that you believe is the best at representing that part of the respiratory system. Each person from your group gets their own vote for each organ Each person will vote for their top choice and second place choice from each set of organs. Record your choices on the small piece of paper and place the paper in the beaker for that organ. The votes will be tallied by giving the first place poster 2 points and the second place one 1 point. Station 3 – Lung Model Procedure 1. Attach the balloon to the end of the straw with a rubber band. Make a hole through the clay, and insert the other end of the straw through the hole. Be sure at least 8 cm of the straw extends beyond the clay. Squeeze the ball of clay gently to seal the clay around the straw. 2. Insert the balloon end of the straw into the neck of the bottle. Use the ball of clay to seal the straw and balloon into the bottle. 3. Turn the bottle gently on its side. Place the trash bag over the cut end of the bottle. Expand a rubber band around the bottom of the bottle to secure the plastic over the end. You may wish to reinforce the seal with tape. Before the plastic is completely sealed, gather the excess material of the bag into your hand, and press toward the inside of the bottle slightly. (You may need to tie a knot about halfway up from the bottom of the bag to take up excess material.) Use tape to finish sealing the bag to the bottle with the bag in this position. This will push the excess air out of the bottle. Questions 1. What can you do with your model to make the “lung” inflate?
2. What do the balloon, bag, bottle half, and the straw represent in your model?
3. Using your model, describe how air enters the lung and how air exits the lung.
4. What happens to the ability to inflate the balloon if the bag gets a hole in it?
5. Using some tape, can this problem be fixed?
6. Based on this, what could happen if a person were to get a hole in their diaphragm or chest cavity?
7. An iron lung is an airtight metal tank that encloses all of the body except the head. Inside the chamber, air pressure is constantly changed from high to low to high again. How can this device be used to help a person who is having difficulty breathing? Station 5 – Respiratory Disorders At this station, we are going to watch some videos Asthma: an animation http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7EDo9pUYvPE
How chronic obstructive pulmonary disease develops http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2wF1csksp-Q&feature=related Understanding Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD#1) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aktIMBQSXMo&ob=av3e
What is emphysema? What is chronic bronchitis? Station 6 – Farcebook Judging At this station, you will be given time to look at the Farcebook pages that were created yesterday. Make sure to look at them closely and determine which one from each group that you believe is the best at representing that part of the respiratory system. Each person from your group gets their own vote for each organ Each person will vote for their top choice and second place choice from each set of organs. Record your choices on the small piece of paper and place the paper in the beaker for that organ. The votes will be tallied by giving the first place Farcebook page 2 points and the second place one 1 point.