A Sequence Diagram Is

Course: Software Modeling

Learning Outcomes:

A1, A2, A3, A4 B1, B4, B5, B7 C3 D3, D4

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1. What is the purpose of software modeling? (A3, A4)

A. Developing models for software development.

B. Designing software applications before coding.

C. Developing software diagrams.

D. Developing software prototypes.

Answer: A

2. Which of the following diagram cannot be used to model software ? (A4, B5)

A. DFD

B. E/R

C. Class Diagram

D. None of them Answer: D

3. Modeling is an activity which is carried out during: (A1, A4)

A. Requirement phase only

B. Design phase only

C. Testing phase only

D. The whole software development life cycle

E. None of the above

Answer: D

4. Modeling is an intellectual activity that requires: (B1)

A. Abstraction capabilities

B. Separation of concern capabilities

C. A and B

D. None of the above Answer: C

5. Which of the following is not a modeling view: (A4)

A. Structural view

B. Anatomy view

C. Behavioral view

D. Interaction view

Answer: B

What is the Unified Modeling Language? (A2)

A. A programming language for describing object-oriented models.

B. A diagramming tool for drawing object-oriented models.

C. A graphical language for describing object-oriented models.

D. A standardized graphical language and notation for describing object oriented models Answer: D

6. How is an actor depicted on a use case diagram? (A2, C3)

A. An oval

B. A stick figure

C. A box

D. A dashed line

Answer: B

7. How is a use case depicted on a use case diagram? (A2, C3)

A. An oval

B. A stick figure

C. A box

D. A dashed line

Answer: A 8. How is a class depicted on a class diagram? (A2, C3)

A. A box with one compartment

B. A box with one or two compartments

C. A box with one, two, or three compartments

D. An oval

Answer: C

9. How is an association depicted on a class diagram? (A2, C3)

A. A solid line joining two class boxes

B. A dashed line joining two class boxes

C. A diamond touching the upper class box

D. An arrowhead touching the upper class box

Answer: A

10. What does an interaction diagram depict? (A2, C3) A. Objects and links

B. Classes and relationships

C. Objects and messages

D. States and events

Answer: C

11. What are the two kinds of UML interaction Diagrams (A2, C3)

A. Class diagram and sequence diagram

B. Sequence diagram and communication diagram

C. Class diagram and communication diagram

D. State diagram and communication diagram

Answer: B

12. What is a use case? (A2) A. A case study involving users

B. A sequence of interactions between the user and the system

C. A sequence of interactions between the user and the objects in the system

D. A sequence of user inputs to the system

Answer: B

13. What is an actor in a use case? (A2)

A. An object inside the system

B. A person who performs on stage

C. An external entity that interacts with the system

D. The customer to whom the system will be delivered

Answer: C 14. What is an alternative sequence in a use case (A2)

A. A sequence that describes an error case

B. A sequence that is different from the main sequence

C. A sequence that describes interactions with a secondary actor

D. A sequence that describes interactions with a primary actor

Answer: B

15. What can an inclusion use case be used for? (A2, B1)

A. To describe an inclusive use case

B. To describe a lengthy interaction with an actor

C. To describe functionality that is common to more than one use case

D. To describe a use case that includes other use cases

Answer: C 16. What can an extension use case be used for? (A2, B1)

A. To describe a lengthy interaction with an actor

B. To describe functionality that is common to more than one use case

C. To describe the functionality of a use case that is extended by another use case(s)

D. To describe a conditional extra work that may be carried out by a given use case

Answer: D

17. What can an activity diagram be used for in use case modeling? (A2, B1)

A. To depict the sequence of activities executed by all the use cases in the system

B. To depict the sequence of active objects in a use case

C. To depict the activities in the main and alternative sequences of a use case

D. A and C

Answer: D 18. What is a generalization/specialization hierarchy? (A2, A4)

A. A whole/part relationship

B. An inheritance relationship

C. An association between a generalized class and a specialized class

D. A layered hierarchy

Answer: B

19. What is an association? (A2)

A. A relationship between two classes

B. A relationship between two objects

C. A link between two classes

D. A link between two objects

Answer: A 20. What is meant by the multiplicity of an association? (A2)

A. The number of associations in a class

B. The number of associations between two classes

C. How many instances of one class relate to how many instances of another class

D. How many instances of one class relate to a single instance of another class.

Answer: D

21. What is an association class? (A2)

A. A class with multiple associations

B. A class with one association

C. A class that models an association between two or more classes

D. A class that models an association between two or more objects

Answer: C

22. Which of the following interactions could happen on an interaction diagram? (A2, B5) A. An external user sends a message to a user interaction object

B, An external user sends a message to an entity object.

C, An external user sends a message o an I/O object.

D. An external user sends a message to a printer object.

Answer: A

23. What is a state in a state machine? (A2)

A. A recognizable situation that exists over an interval of time

B. A condition that is True or False

C. An input from the external environment

D. An output from the system

Answer: A

24. What is an event in a state machine? (A2) A. A discrete signal that causes a change of state

B. An input from the external environment

C. An input that is True or False

D. The result of a state transition

Answer: A

25. What is an action in a state machine? (A2)

A. An occurrence at a point in time

B, A cause of a state transition

C. An interval between two successive events

D. A computation that executes as a result of a state transition

Answer: D

26. A sequence diagram is (A2) A. a time-line illustrating a typical sequence of calls between object function members B. call tree illustrating all possible sequences of calls between class function members C. a tree illustrating inheritance and relationships between classes D. a time-line illustrating the changes in inheritance and instantiation relationships between classes and objects over time

27. In the UML notation, an object can be represented by (A2, C3) A. a comment or explanatory note associated with a class B. a rectangular box with the object name and the constraint "{object}" immediatly following it C. a rectangular box with the name of the object in the box D. a rectangular box with the name of the object, a : and the class name that the object belongs to.

28. Inheritance relationships are represented in the UML notation by: (A2, C3) A. nesting of classes B. lines with a solid diamond at one end C. lines with a triangular arrow at one end D. lines with a triangular arrow at both ends

29. Key elements of the use-case diagram are: (A2) A. people, computers B. actors, use-cases C. people, classes, and objects D. scenarios in point form

20. Aggregation relationships are represented in the UML notation by: (A2, C3) A. nesting of classes B. lines with a solid diamond at one end C. lines with a hollow diamond at one end D. lines with an arrow at one end

31. UML stands for (A2, C3)

A. Universal Metadata Language

B. Universal Modeling Language

C. Unified Micro Language

D. Unified Modeling Language

32. - Which of the following statement is true concerning objects and/or classes? (A2) A. An object is an instance of a class. B. A class is an instance of an object. C. An object includes encapsulates only data. D. A class includes encapsulates only data.

33. An abstract class is which of the following? (A2) A. A class that has direct instances, but whose descendants may have direct instances. B. A class that has no direct instances, but whose descendants may have direct instances. C. A class that has direct instances, but whose descendants may not have direct instances. D. A class that has no direct instances, but whose descendants may not have direct instances

34. Aggregation is which of the following? (A2) A. Expresses a part-of relationship and is a stronger form of an association relationship. B. Expresses a part-of relationship and is a weaker form of an association relationship. C. Expresses an is-a relationship and is a stronger form of an association relationship. D. Expresses an is-a relationship and is a weaker form of an association relationship.

35. Composition is a stronger form of which of the following? (A2) A. Aggregation B. Encapsulation C. Inheritance D. All of the above.

36.- Which of the following is a technique for hiding the internal implementation details of an object? (A4, B4) A. Encapsulation B. Polymorphism C. Inheritance D. All of the above.

37. For showing scenarios, which one of the following object oriented modeling artifacts is the MOST useful? (A4, B4) A. Interaction Diagrams B. Activity Diagrams C. Use Cases D. State Diagrams

38. For business modeling of a human organization or the workflow of a system, which one of the following object oriented modeling artifacts is the MOST useful? (A4, B4) A. Interaction Diagrams B. Activity Diagrams C. State Diagrams D. Class Diagrams

39. Activity diagrams can be used in the following situation (A4, B4) A. Describing a workflow B .Describing a complicated sequential algorithm C. Dealing with concurrent activities D. All of the above

40. Which object oriented modeling artifact is the MOST useful in situations where asynchronous events occur? (A4, B4) A. State diagrams B. Activity diagrams C. Sequence diagrams D. Use case diagrams

41. Which one of the following highlights the roles each object plays in an interaction model? (A4, B4) A. Sequence Diagrams B. State diagrams C. Deployment Diagrams D. Package Diagrams

42. Which one of the following is true? In a dynamic model (B1, B5) A . Every trigger must map to an operation in the interface of a class. B .Every arrow incident on an object in an Interaction Model represents an operation that must be in the interface of a class. C.Both "A" and "B" are true. D. Both "A" and "B" are false. 43. For showing how several objects collaborate in a single use case, which one of the following object oriented modeling artifacts is the MOST useful? (B1, B5) A. Interaction Diagrams B. Activity Diagrams C.State Diagrams D .Class Diagrams

44. When you want to look at the behavior of a single object across many use cases, which one of the following object oriented modeling artifacts is the MOST useful? (B2, B5) A. Activity Diagrams B. Sequence Diagrams C.State Diagrams D. Class Diagrams

45. Which of the following are valuable for concurrent processes? (A2, B4) B. Flow charts C. State Charts D. A and C

46. In a State Diagram, which of the following is true? (A2) A. Actions are associated with transition and are considered to be processes that occur quickly and are not interruptible. B. Actions are associated with transition and are considered to be processes that occur quickly and are interruptible. C .Activities are associated with states and can take longer. An activity may be interrupted by some event. D. A and C

47. The three types of relationships use cases have in a use case diagram include: (A2, C3)

A. Extension, representation, elaboration

B. Extension, inclusion, and generalization

C. Inclusion, representation, realization

D. Elaboration, generalization, boundarization 48. Which of the following statements are false? (B1) A. If the Data Type of the feature is primitive (i.e.,provided by the language, like int or string), model as an Attribute. B. If the Data Type of the feature is near primitive (i.e.,something like date or Money), model as an Attribute. C. If the Data Type of the feature is near primitive (i.e.,something like date or Money), model as an Association. D. A and B

49. The distinction between a class and an object is ______. (A2) A. A class is a template for creating objects, while an object is an instance of a class B. An object is a template for creating objects, while a class is an instance of an object C. Classes can be instantiated from objects, while the opposite is not true D. Classes and objects both are templates only, but classes provide a more complete template

50. A ______models the interaction of the information system with its end- users and other external systems. (A2, A4) A. Implementation plan. B. Use case diagram. C. Class diagram. D. Package diagram.

51. The primary purpose of a class diagram is (A2, A4) A. to construct a vocabulary that is understood by both the users and analysts. B. to show the users interaction with the system C. to uncover additional details such as attributes and methods of a class D. model the interaction between the system and its environment

52. The primary purpose of a use case diagram is (A2, A4) A. to construct a vocabulary that is understood by both the users and analysts. B. to show the users interaction with the system C. to uncover additional details such as attributes and methods of a class D. model the interaction between the system and its environment

53. The Unified Modeling Language (UML) has become an effective standard for software modelling.How many different notaions does it have ? (A2, C3) A. Three B. Four C. Six D. Nine

54. Which model in system modelling depicts the dynamic behaviour of the system ? (A2, A4) A. Context Model B. Behavioral Model C. Data Model D. Object Model

55. Which model in system modelling depicts the static nature of the system ? (A2, A4) A. Behavioral Model B. Context Model C. Data Model D. Structural Model

56. The UML supports event-based modeling using ______diagrams. (A2, C3) A. Deployment Diagram B. Collaboration Diagram C. State Diagram D, Class Diagram

57. Which of the following diagram is not supported by UML (A2) A. Activity Diagram B. Data Flow Diagram (DFD) C. State Diagram D. Class Diagram

58. ______allows us to infer that different members of classes have some common characteristics. (A2, B7) A. Realization B. Aggregation C. Generalization D. Dependency

59. ______& ______diagrams of UML represent Interaction modeling. (A2) A Use Case, Sequence Diagrams B. Class, Object Diagrams C. Activity, State Diagrams D. Activity, Class diagrams

60. A description of each function presented in the DFD is contained in a ______. (A2, B5) A. data flow B. process specification C. control specification D. data store

61. A data model contains (A2, B5) CA. data object B. attributes C. relationships D. All of the mentioned

62. ______defines the properties of a data object (A2) A. data object name B. data object attribute C. data object operation D. data object Operation and attributes

63. A ______is a graphical representation that depicts information flow and the transforms that are applied as data moves from input to output. (A2) A. data flow diagram B. state transition diagram C. control specification D, workflow diagram

64. The ______enables the software engineer to develop models of the information domain and functional domain at the same time (A2, A4) A. data flow diagram B. state transition diagram C. control specification D. activity diagram

65. Which of the following is a dynamic model that shows how the system interacts with its environment as it is used? (A2, A4) A. system context model B. interaction model C. environmental model D. both system context and interaction

66. Which of the following is a structural model that demonstrates the other systems in the environment of the system being developed? (A2, A4) A. system context model B. interaction model C. environmental model D. both system context and interaction

67. Which model describes the static structure of the system using objects, classes and their relationships? (A2, A4) A. Sequence model B. Subsystem model C. Dynamic model D. Structural model

68. Which model shows the flow of object interactions? (A2, A4) A. Sequence model B. Subsystem model C. Dynamic model D. Both Sequence and Dynamic model

69. The context diagram is also known as (A2) A. Level-0 DFD B. Level-1 DFD C. Level-2 DFD D. None of the above

70. A directed arc or line in DFD represents (A2, C3) A. Data Store B. Data Process C. Data Flow D. None of the above

71. Data Store Symbol in DFD represents a (A2, C3) A. Physical file B. Data Structure C. Logical file D. All of the above 72. What defines the circumstances in which a particular operation is valid? (A2, B5) A. Contradictions B. Post-condition C. Vagueness D. Pre-condition

73. Select the statement true for activity diagrams. (B1, B5) A. They can be used to discover parallel activities B. They are used to depict workflow for a particular business activity C. Activity diagram do not tell who does what and are difficult to trace back to object models D. All of the above

74. Which of the following statement(s) is true about interaction diagrams? (B1, B5) A. Interaction diagrams are at their best when they deal with one main design flow and not multiple variants that can happen. B. Interaction diagrams are good at designing part or all of one use case’s functionality across multiple objects. C. Interaction diagrams allow the analyst to show iteration and conditional execution for messaging between objects. D. All of the above

75. Modeling language can be (A2, C3)

A. Only Textual languages

B. Only Visual languages

C. Textual and Visual languages

76. What is the Unified Modeling Language? (A2)

A. A programming language for describing object-oriented models.

B. A diagramming tool for drawing object-oriented models.

C. A graphical language for describing object-oriented models.

D. A standardized graphical language and notation for describing object oriented models 77. Modeling is an activity that is often used to analyze and solve problems by: (D3)

A. Software engineers and computer scientists B. Business Analysts C. Engineers and scientists from other disciplines D. All of the above

78. Models are often used to (D4, B1, B2) A. ease communication between specialists and non-specialists B. describe in an abstract way complex systems C. analyze properties complex systems D. All of the above

79. UML notations are used in (A1) A. Traditional SDLC software development methodology B. Object oriented software development methodology C. None of the above D. A and B

80. E/R and DFD diagrams are used in (A1) A. Traditional SDLC software development methodology B. Object oriented software development methodology C. None of the above D. A and B