Supporting Information s54

Supporting information

Occurrence and removal of six pharmaceuticals and personal care products in a wastewater treatment plant employing anaerobic/anoxic/aerobic and UV processes in Shanghai, China

Dan Wang · Qian Sui · Wen-Tao Zhao · Shu-Guang Lu · Zhao-Fu Qiu · Zhou-Wei Miao · Gang Yu

D. Wang · Q. Sui (*) · S.-G Lu (*) · Z.-F Qiu · Z-W Miao State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China e-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]

W.-T Zhao State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China

Q. Sui (*) · G. Yu School of Environment, THU-VEOLIA Joint Research Center for Advanced Environmental Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China SI-1 Effect of temperature on the degradation of trimethoprim by activated sludge

The materials and methods of the batch experiments were as follows.

Activated sludge sample was collected from the oxic tank of the same wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). The degradation experiment was conducted using 500-mL Erlenmeyer flasks.

After filled with 50 mL activated sludge suspension, the flasks were spiked with TP solution in synthetic wastewater (the components were shown in Table 1) to achieve the initial TP concentration of 0.5 mg/L, and the mixed liquid suspended solids (MLSS) ranged between 1800 and 2000 mg/ L. The flasks were put in the thermostatic rotary shaker at 125 rpm, and one of them was taken at designed sampling time (10 min, 20 min, 30min, 1h, 2h, 4h, 6h, 9h, 12h, 15h and 24 h). The mixed liquor was immediately centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 3 min, the supernatant was filtered through a 0.22 μm PTFE membrane (MilliPore, USA), and transferred to a vial. Unless otherwise noted, the experiment was conducted at pH 7.1-7.3. The dissolved oxygen (DO) was set at 5.0–6.0 mg/L, which barely changed during the experiments. The temperature was kept at 10,

20 and 30°C. All the experiments were carried out in duplicate.

Table 1 Components of the synthetic wastewater Compound Concentration (mg/L)

C6H12O6 150 Peptone 150

CH3COONa 80

NH4C1 80

KH2PO4 26

MgSO4·7H2O 20

CaCl2 10.6

NaHCO3 80 EDTA 3

Determination of TP was performed by a LC-20AT high liquid chromatography (Shimadzu,

Japan) equipped with a reversed-phase Inertsil ODS-SP-C18 column (4.6 mm×250 mm, 5.0 μm).

The mobile phase was methanol/water (contained 0.01% formic acid) (80:20, v/v), the detected wavelength was 240 nm, flow rate was 1.0 mL/min and the injection volume was 100 μL.

The removal of TP at different temperatures was described in Fig.1. It could be observed that the degradation capacity increased with the temperature. At 10 °C, the similar temperature found in the wastewater during the winter of Shanghai, only 10% of TP could be removed by the activated sludge. On the contrary, when the temperature increased to 20-30 °C, the normal temperature of wastewater in summer, the removal rate increased to 36-45%. This finding could be the evidence of our speculation that low temperature in winter, unfavorable for activated sludge, could be the cause of the inefficient removal during biological treatment process in the investigated WWTP.

110 10℃ 100 20℃ 30℃ 90

) 80 % ( 0

e 70 C

40 0 5 10 15 20 25 Time(h)

Fig.1 Effect of temperature on the removal of trimethoprim by activated sludge collected from the

WWTP. C0 (mg/L) and Ce (mg/L) are the initial and equilibrium concentrations of TP in the solution, respectively.