1. the Qin Defeated Other Armies During the Warring States Period. They United the Country

China Test 2 Study Guide p. 172-

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1. The Qin defeated other armies during the Warring States period. They united the country under one ____government___. 2. __Shi Huangdi ____ is the title that the Qin king Ying Zheng took after unifying China. This title means, “__first emperor__”. The political philosophy, __legalism__, was followed by Qin which included a government with ___strict laws__ and __harsh punishments___. 3. Shi Huangdi expected everyone to follow his strict policies so he had all ___books__ that did not agree with legalism burned. When scholars opposed this action, Shi Huangdi had __460____ buried alive. Why do you think that Shi Huangdi did something so drastic? ______books contain ideas and encourage people to think, but Shi Huangdi did not like ideas that went against legalism_____ 4. Shi Huangdi took land from __nobles___ and forced them to move to the capitol so that he could keep an eye on them. Do you agree or disagree with this decision? Why? __Yes, the nobles were a part of the Warring States period/ No, the land belong to them.___ Explain how Shi Huangdi organized the government. __He divided it into states each with a governor to enforce tax collection and the chain of command.____ 5. The Qin government standardized __written language__, ___money__, ___weights__and measurements, and __axle__ width. What did these policies have the greatest impact on in China? It increased __trade___. 6. The Qin built new __roads__ and __canals__. Also, the started the __Great Wall __ to protect from invasions.

6.36- I can 7. ___Liu Bang__ was the first emperor of the Han Dynasty in 140 _ BC. He was born a __peasant___ and he grew to be respected by __soldiers__ and peasants. To strengthen his central government, he took land from the __lords___, ___raised taxes___, and placed the supply of grain under the control of the government. ___Confucianism___ became the official philosophy of the Han government. People could take an __exam__ on Confucianism to gain a __government___ position. 8. The social classes of Han China followed Confucianism. List the social classes from highest to lowest. 1. ___Emperor, his court, scholars with government positions__ 2. ___Peasant Farmers-the largest group___ 3. ___Artisans______4. ___Merchants do not produce anything______What is unusual about this social structure? ___the peasant farmers are closer to the top____ 9. Give one difference in the lives of rich and poor people in Han China, __Wealthy people lived in large houses with decoration and art. Poor people lived in simple wood framed houses and mud walls.___ 10. Why did the family take on such importance during the Han dynasty? __Because the Han followed Confucius and he stressed the importance of the family___ 11. During the Han period artists in China became experts at ____figure painting___, which includes portraits of people. What subjects did the Han artist paint? __religious figures, Confucian scholars, and scenes from everyday life___ 12. __Siam Qian__ wrote a complete history of China’s dynasties up to the Han. 13. The Han invented __paper__ by grinding plant fibers into a paste and letting it dry into sheets. 14. Define a sundial __uses the shadows cast by the sun to tell the time of day__ Define seismograph-__a device that measures the strength of an earthquake___ Define acupuncture-__the practice of inserting needles through the skin at specific points to cure disease or relieve pain___ Sundials, seismographs, and acupuncture are examples of innovations created during the Han period. Based on this sentence write a definition for the innovation- __a new idea, method or device 15. List for items made of iron in the Han dynasty. 1. __swords__ 2. __armor__ 3. __plow__ 4. __wheelbarrow__ 16. How did the wheelbarrow and plow impact agriculture? __made it possible to till more land and grow more food__

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17. __Silk___ is a soft, light, highly valued fabric. Han leaders and generals learned that they could trade this material for Central Asian __horses__ that would be used in battle by the Han military. 18. The __Silk Road__ is a 4, 000-mile-long network of routes stretched westward from China across Asia’s deserts and mountain ranges, through the Middle East, until it reached the Mediterranean Sea. Silk was so popular in __Rome___ that China became very wealthy.

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19. Chinese merchants interacted with people from different civilizations due to __trade__. __Buddhism__ spread through India and China along the Silk Road and other trade routes. As the Han Dynasty began to decline and people suffered, they looked to __Confucianism__ and __Daoism__, but did not find answers. __Buddhism__ provided more hope than other traditional Chinese beliefs. 20. Define diffusion-__the spread of ideas from one culture to another___