Chapter 3: Criminal Law: Traditional and Cyber Crimes 15

CHAPTER 3 Criminal Law: Traditional and Cyber Crimes

KEY POINTS IN THE CHAPTER  Crimes, called public wrongs, consist of felonies (serious) and misdemeanors (less serious). Wrongs less serious than misdemeanors—variously termed violations, infractions, and petty offenses—are not crimes. Crimes may be punishable by death, prison, or jail sentences of different durations, depending on the seriousness of these crimes.  Personal and business crimes often handled by criminal justice agencies and discussed in Chapter 3 include assault, robbery, arson, burglary, theft, insider trading, bribery, identity theft, driving while intoxicated, and cyber crimes.  The defenses—reasons that accused individuals offer to excuse guilt for criminal acts—are infancy, insanity, involuntary intoxication, duress, justification, entrapment, and mistake based on wrong DNA.  People who commit crimes are handled through either the federal or the state criminal justice system, which is composed of the police, the courts, and corrections

COMPLETION QUESTIONS In the statements below, important words have been omitted. Fill in the blanks to complete each statement. 1. The U.S. criminal justice system is composed of three elements: police, courts, and ______. 2. The punishment for committing a felony could be imprisonment for more than ______, usually in a state or federal prison. 3. Shoplifting is a form of ______. 4. The criminal defense of ______applies when a person is persuaded by a law enforcement officer to commit a crime. 5. A(n) ______is a charge by a grand jury that a certain person has committed a felony. 6. A misdemeanor is an act punishable by imprisonment for ______one year. 7. A person is guilty of ______when he or she intentionally obtains personal identifying information of another person without permission and uses this information for unlawful purposes. 8. Intentionally stealing money or the personal property of another without the use of force is called ______. 9. The rights read to a suspect who has been arrested and is about to be questioned are called the ______. 10. Another name for blackmail is ______.

SHORT-ESSAY QUESTIONS Answer each of the following questions in the space provided. 1. Once a suspect has been taken into custody and interrogated, is it possible for him or her to have a change of mind and invoke the right to silence? ______2. List three rights and three defenses a person has after being arrested on suspicion of having committed a crime. Rights: Defenses:

3. You are kidnapped by a terrorist group and held hostage. You are then forced to participate with the terrorists in a number of activities in which no one was killed. The terrorist group, including you, are captured a short time later, arrested, and charged with certain crimes. What defense might you use to avoid being convicted? ______4. For each situation described below, identify the crime or crimes committed by the person underlined. a. A fuel truck driver was charged with skimming more than 100,000 gallons from gasoline deliveries to government agencies and then selling the fuel at cut-rate prices. ______b. A rock band member, tired of having obscenities yelled at him by another band member, struck the other band member over the head with the base of his microphone stand, causing permanent brain damage. ______c. Higgins was charged with entering the Larder residence and taking a handgun, jewelry, coins, and bonds valued at over $1,500. ______d. An escaped prisoner entered a Conway Ice Cream store, pointed a gun at the clerk, and demanded all the money in the cash register ______e. Driscoll, a store manager, filled out and signed time cards for nonexistent employees and then cashed the paychecks himself. ______

5. How can a police officer avoid lawsuits for false arrest? ______

MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS For each statement, circle the letter of the best answer. 1. McCurdy’s Department Store delivered merchandise to Willis by mistake. Although she knew the merchandise was not hers, she kept it. Willis is guilty of a. nothing. b. larceny. c. burglary. d. robbery. 2. Weinberg was walking into the South Town Mall when he was attacked. Morrow, the attacker, knocked him down and took his wallet, which contained $50. Weinberg was seriously injured. Morrow was apprehended by the police and charged with a. assault and burglary. b. assault and robbery. c. burglary and robbery. d. robbery and criminal mischief. 3. Barnum, the bookkeeper for Time Wise Food Wholesalers, made false entries in the company books so that she could take the company’s money for her own use. Barnum was guilty of a. fraud. b. larceny. c. robbery. d. embezzlement. 4. A business, if careless in the way it handles personal information of its customers could perpetuate the crime of a. arson. b. burglary. c. assault. d. identity theft. 5. Which of the following crimes cannot be easily committed through the assistance or use of a computer? a. larceny b. criminal fraud c. embezzlement d. arson

CASE PROBLEMS Read the case problems below. For each problem, answer yes or no, and then explain your answer in the space provided. 1. At 3:00 A.M., Benton entered a store through an unlocked window. He gathered several valuable items, intending to steal them. When he heard the police coming, he left everything there but was caught by the police as he climbed out the window. Can Benton be charged with burglary even though he took nothing? ______2. Reese bought a set of high-quality stereo speakers for $50 from someone selling them from the back of a van. The police stopped Reese several blocks away and arrested him for possession of stolen property. Can Reese claim in defense that he is not guilty because he did not know the speakers were stolen? ______3. Customs and immigration officials suspected Marx of smuggling drugs into the United States. An undercover agent from the Bureau of Immigration suggested that Marx contact a certain drug kingpin in order to buy illegal drugs to sell in this country. Marx at first refused, but at the insistence of the undercover agent he later agreed. As he entered the country with the drugs, Marx was arrested and charged with smuggling. Marx claimed that he was “set up” and does not have criminal responsibility for what he did. Is Marx correct? ______