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Adventures in Music Redux - Profiles

ADVENTURES IN FILM MUSIC REDUX COMPOSER PROFILES

A. R. RAHMAN : The Golden Age A.R. Rahman, in full Allah Rakha Rahman, original name A.S. Dileep Kumar, (born , 1966, Madras [now ], India), Indian composer whose extensive body of work for film and stage earned him the nickname “the Mozart of Madras.” Rahman continued his work for the screen, scoring for and, increasingly, . He contributed a song to the of ’s Inside Man (2006) and co- wrote the score for Elizabeth: The Golden Age (2007). However, his true breakthrough to Western audiences came with ’s rags-to-riches saga (2008). Rahman’s score, which captured the frenzied pace of life in ’s underclass, dominated the awards circuit in 2009. He collected a British Academy of Film and Television Arts (BAFTA) Award for best music as well as a Golden Globe and an Academy Award for best score. He also won the Academy Award for best song for “Jai Ho,” a -infused dance track that accompanied the film’s closing Bollywood-style dance number. Rahman’s streak continued at the Grammy Awards in 2010, where he collected the prize for best soundtrack and “Jai Ho” was again honoured as best song appearing on a soundtrack. Rahman’s later notable scores included those for the films (2010)—for which he received another Academy Award nomination—and the Hindi-language movies (2011), (2013), (2014), and Beyond the Clouds (2017). In addition, he scored the biopic Pelé: Birth of a Legend (2016).

ADOLPH DEUTSCH (and Charles William) (20 October 1897 – 1 January 1980) was a composer, conductor and arranger. Deutsch won Oscars for his background music for Oklahoma! (1955), and for the music for Seven Brides for Seven Brothers (1954) and Annie Get Your Gun (1950). He was nominated for (1953) and the 1951 film version of , for which he conducted the . For Broadway and Hollywood, he conducted, composed and arranged music, but did not write songs, not even for the Broadway shows on which he worked. In addition to his music for westerns and his conducting of the scores for musicals, Deutsch composed for films noir, including (1944), The Maltese Falcon (1941), and Nobody Lives Forever (1946), as well as Little Women (the 1949 adaptation), and the comedies Some Like Hot (1959), and The Apartment (1960). He retired in 1961 and died in 1980 at his home in Palm Desert, .

AKIRA IFUKUBE The Mysterians A Japanese composer (born Kushiro, Japan, May 31, 1914—died , Japan, Feb. 8, 2006), Ifukube created the tribal theme music for the film Godzilla (1954), as well as the sounds that were the monster’s roar and footsteps. Ifukube grew on the northern island of Hokkaido, and his music was greatly influenced by the region’s Ainu culture. Though trained in forestry, he was a self-taught composer and went on to score over 300 films. He taught music at the Nihon University College of Art and the Tokyo College of Music, where he also served as president (1976–87). In 2003 he received one of Japan’s highest honours, the Person of Cultural Merit award.

ALAIN GORAGUER La Planet Sauvage Alain Goraguer (born August 20, 1931, ) is a French arranger who did movie , worked for French variety singers and is mostly known for his work as 's arranger, he composed the score for René Laloux innovative animated film, La Planète Sauvage (The Fantastic Planet), his more progressive and ambitious work. His other scores include The Bohemian Life (1992), Saint Laurent (2014) and Heartbeats (2010). He was the composer of music for Serge Gainsbourg, Jean Ferrat, , . In 1965 Alain won the with and Serge Gainsbourg with "Poupée de cire, poupée de son".

ALAIN ROMANS Mr Hulot’s Holiday Polish-born and composer noted for his improvisational skills. A child prodigy, Romans studied at the conservatories of and . He settled in and completed his training under the tutelage of

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Vincent Indy. Then followed a brief, but successful, touring career as a soloist. Though trained in the classical tradition, Romans eventually specialised in . He often worked with famous artists like , Stéphane Grappelli, and the Egyptian-born Dalida. Romans is best remembered for his film music, famously associated with Jacques Tati as co-composer (with Franck Barcellini) of the quirky theme for Mon Oncle (1958). His finest work was the delightful Quel Temps Fait-il a Paris' which heralds each sunrise in Mr Hulot's Holiday (1953). Despite his movie work and the release of several popular 'soft music' albums, Romans ended up falling on hard times. The end of the saw him heavily indebted and almost penniless. Nonetheless, he somehow managed to get financial backing for his own restaurant, the Chez Alain Romains, which opened near the Champs-Élysées, with himself as resident pianist. The venture was relatively short-lived and Romans spent his remaining years in relative obscurity.

ALAN JOHN The Bank Alan John (born 7 May 1958, Sydney) is an Australian composer. He studied music at the University of Sydney, graduating in 1980. His compositions include original music for various plays, films (such as Holding the Man, Three Dollars and The Bank) and TV series (including “Love My Way”), and the musicals Jonah Jones, Orlando Rourke and Snugglepot and Cuddlepie.

ALAN SILVESTRI , Contact, , Beowulf Alan Anthony Silvestri (born March 26, 1950) is an American composer and conductor known for his film and television scores. In his ongoing, -long career as a composer, has blazed an innovative trail with his exciting and melodic scores, winning the applause of Hollywood and movie audiences the world over. With a credit list of over 100 films, Silvestri has composed some of the most recognizable and beloved themes in movie history. His efforts have been recognized with two Oscar nominations, two Golden Globe nominations, three Grammy Awards, two , and numerous International Film Music Critics Awards, , and Hollywood Music In Media Awards. He is best known for his frequent collaboration with , composing for such major hit films as the trilogy, , , and Forrest Gump, as well as the superhero films : The First Avenger, The Avengers, and Avengers: Infinity War. His other film scores include Predator and its sequel , The Abyss, Stuart Little, Returns, Lilo & Stitch, , and Ready Player One.

ALEX NORTH A Streetcar Named Desire, Dragonslayer (born Isadore Soifer, December 4, 1910 – September 8, 1991) was an American composer best known for his many film scores, including A Streetcar Named Desire (one of the first jazz-based film scores), Viva Zapata!, Spartacus, Cleopatra, and Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf?. He was the first composer to receive an Honorary Academy Award but never won a competitive Oscar despite fourteen nominations.

ALEXANDRE DESPLAT Argo, Girl with a Pearl Earring and The Painted Veil, , Zero Dark Thirty Alexandre Michel Gérard Desplat (born 23 August 1961) is a French film composer. He has won two for his musical scores to the films The Grand Budapest Hotel and The Shape of and received eight additional Academy Award nominations, eight César nominations (winning three), nine BAFTA nominations (winning three), Golden Globe Award nominations (winning two), and six Grammy nominations (winning two). Desplat has worked on a variety of films, including independent and commercial successes The Queen, The Golden Compass, The Curious Case of Benjamin Button, The Saga: New Moon, Fantastic Mr Fox, Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – & , The King's Speech, The Danish Girl, Moonrise Kingdom, Argo, , Zero Dark Thirty, Godzilla, The Imitation Game, Unbroken and Isle of Dogs.

ALFRED NEWMAN Down to the Sea in Ships, , How the West Was Won, Street Scene (March 17, 1901 – February 17, 1970) was an American composer, arranger, and conductor of film music. From his start as a music prodigy, he came to be regarded as a respected figure in the music. He won nine Academy Awards and was nominated forty-three times. In a career spanning more than four decades, Newman composed the scores for over 200 motion pictures. Some of his most famous

2 12/02/2020 12:34 PM Adventures in Film Music Redux - Composer Profiles scores include Wuthering Heights, The Hunchback of Notre Dame, The Mark of , How Green Was My Valley, The Song of Bernadette, , All About Eve, Love is a Many Splendored Thing, Anastasia, The Diary of Anne Frank, How The West Was Won, The Greatest Story Ever Told, and his final score, Airport, all of which were nominated for or won Academy Awards. He is perhaps best known for composing the fanfare which accompanies the studio logo at the beginning of 20th Century Fox's productions. He was among the first to compose and conduct original music during Hollywood's Golden Age of movies, later becoming a respected and powerful music director in the history of Hollywood. Newman and two of his fellow , and , were considered the "three godfathers of film music".

ALVA NOTO The Revenant (September 18, 1965), known as Alva Noto, is a German . He is a member of the music groups Diamond Version with Olaf Bender (Byetone), Signal with and Olaf Bender, Cyclo with Ryoji Ikeda, ANBB with and Alva Noto + with whom he composed the score for the 2015 film The Revenant.

ANDREW LANCASTER The Hunter is a multiple award-winning Australian director and composer based in and Sydney. His unique directing style combines cinematic vision, natural performances with a strong emphasis on music, sound, choreography and rhythm. Andrew graduated from AFTRS in 1994 where he directed and composed the short films Palace Cafe and Universal Appliance Co. which between them have won fifteen awards worldwide. With a BA in Film and TV, he co-founded Supersonic and over the past eighteen years Andrew has had a career combining music and film. 2012 AACTA award for Best Original Music for The Hunter and his micro-documentary for the TAC on 'The Town of Speed' has won 2 x Gold at the ADMA, Gold at Spikes Asia Awards, 2 x Silver CLIOs and Gold at Festival Awards. Andrew has recently finished a feature documentary Joud a cinematic journey through Arabia due for release 2019.

ANGELO BADALAMENTI : Fire Walk with Me Most widely known for his hauntingly atmospheric use filmmaker , composer was created in , NY, in 1938; a classically qualified performer, he spent the first many years of his profession playing the Catskills vacation resort area, later composing and organizing for performers including and nation celebrity Mel Tillis. Under the name Andy Badale, he came into the film market in 1973, debuting using the score towards the actions film Gordon’s Battle. Despite subsequent focus on such features as 1974’s Regulation and Disorder and 1976’s Over the Great Separate, Badalamenti remained mainly unknown before starting up with Lynch within the soundtrack from the director’s 1986 masterpiece Blue Velvet; they consequently worked together within the features Crazy at Heart, Shed Highway, as well as . Possibly the most famous fruits of the cooperation were the cult strike tv series “Twin Peaks”, that Badalamenti created probably one of the most special and evocative theme tunes in TV background. Recent non-Lynchian scores by Badalamenti are Dark Drinking Water, and Advantage of Love.

MICHAEL LIRA The Hunter (born 19 February 1975) is an Australian composer and band leader. He is a founding member of experimental bands Vicious Hairy Mary, Darth Vegas and gipsy swing ensemble Monsieur Camembert. Soundtrack credits include the films Nekrotronic, The Hunter, Wyrmwood and the television series “Rake” and “Bogan Pride”.

ANTON KARAS The Third Man Anton Karas (7 July 1906 – 10 January 1985) was a Viennese zither player and composer, best known for his internationally famous 1948 soundtrack to Reed's The Third Man, which came about as a result of a chance meeting.

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ARCADE FIRE Her is a Canadian band that’s been variously described as indie rock, art rock, dance-rock and . Founded in 2000 by friends and classmates Win Butler and Josh Deu, the band came to prominence in 2004 with the release of their critically acclaimed debut album Funeral. Their second studio album, Bible, won them the 2008 Meteor for Best International Album and the 2008 for Alternative Album of the Year. Their third studio album, , was released in 2010 to critical acclaim and commercial success. It received many accolades, including the 2011 Grammy for Album of the Year, the 2011 Juno Award for Album of the Year and the 2011 Brit Award for Best International Album. In 2013, Arcade Fire released their fourth album, Reflektor, and scored the Her, for which band members Win Butler and Owen Pallett were nominated in the Best Original Score category at the . In 2017, the band released their fifth studio album . All the band's studio albums have received nominations for Best Alternative Music Album at the Grammys. Funeral is widely considered by music critics to be one of the greatest albums of the 2000s.

ARTHUR BLISS Things to Come Sir Arthur Edward Drummond Bliss CH KCVO (2 August 1891 – 27 March 1975) was an English composer and conductor. Bliss's musical training was cut short by the First World War, in which he served with distinction in the army. In the post-war years, he quickly became known as an unconventional and modernist composer, but within the decade he began to display a more traditional and romantic side in his music. In the 1920s and 1930s, he composed extensively not only for the concert hall but also for films and ballet. In the Second World War, Bliss returned to from the US to work for the BBC and became its director of music. After the war, he resumed his work as a composer, and was appointed Master of the Queen's Music. In Bliss's later years, his work was respected but was thought old-fashioned, and it was eclipsed by the music of younger colleagues such as and . Since his , his compositions have been well represented on record, and many of his better-known works remain in the repertoire of British .

BASIL POLEDOURIS Conan the Barbarian Basil Konstantine Poledouris; August 21, 1945 – November 8, 2006) was an American composer, conductor, and orchestrator of film and television scores, best known for his long-running collaborations with directors and . His best-known works include music for films like Conan the Barbarian (1982), (1984), RoboCop (1987), The Hunt for Red October (1990), (1993), and Starship Troopers (1997). Poledouris won the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Music Composition for a Limited Series, Movie, or Special for his work on the four-part miniseries Lonesome Dove in 1989, and was a four-time recipient of the BMI Film Music Award.

BEN SALISBURY AND Ex-Machina, Annihilation Known for his work on natural history programs and his collaborative material with fellow producer Geoff Barrow, Ben Salisbury is an English musician, arranger, and composer. He became interested in music at an early age -- having been classically trained on from the age of five -- and went on to study for a degree in music at both Newcastle University and Bournemouth University. After studies, he made his way into score work for television and film, most notably for 's documentary series “The Life of Mammals”, “Life in Cold Blood”, and “Life in the Undergrowth”. He went on to receive compositional credits for “The Nature of Britain”, “Congo”, and the “Making Waves” series, the latter of which revolved around the planning and filming of Attenborough's “”. In 2012, the duo worked together on their film score for the sci-fi thriller . Although their material was declined by the studio, Salisbury and Barrow decided to release their efforts anyway and put out the “Drokk: Music Inspired by Mega-City One” album in 2012. That year also saw Salisbury compose the music for Beyoncé's autobiographical film Life Is But A Dream. In 2014, Salisbury and Barrow were recruited by author/screenwriter to provide the score for his directorial debut, Ex Machina. The pair delivered a highly atmospheric, percussion-less, and minimal yet hefty film score, which earned them the award for Best Original Score at the 2016 . They worked with Garland again in 2018, scoring his second movie, Annihilation.

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BENJAMIN WALLFISCH is a composer, keyboardist, conductor, and orchestrator primarily of film and television music. Known more for his eclectic output than a trademark style, his work has ranged from eerie and suspenseful to jazzy and playful to lush and dramatic. After scoring the 2005 Dear Wendy, he was enlisted to work on movies as diverse as the Turkish action epic Conquest 1453 (2012), the award-winning Kennedy-era drama Hidden Figures (2016), and the sci-fi noir 2049 (2017). Wallfisch received Grammy nominations for the latter two films, both of which he scored with .

BEN ZEITLIN Beast of the Southern Wild Born in and raised in Sunnyside, Queens and then Westchester County, began his career as a film-maker at the tender age of 6 years when he and a friend made a movie. He continued making films as a child before attending Wesleyan University, where he majored in film. After graduation, Benh spent a summer in Prague working with a prominent animation artist. Returning to the U.S., he worked in a private school in helping elementary students create short films.

BENOIT CHAREST The Triplets of Belleville Benoît Charest (1964-) is a jazz guitarist and film music composer. Born in Montreal, he has written for television, commercials and for more than twenty feature films. He is best known for the soundtrack of the animated film The Triplets of Belleville (Les Triplettes de Belleville) (2003), for which he won a César Award for Best Music Written for a Film as well as a Film Critics Association Award for Best Music. The song "Belleville Rendez-vous", in particular, earned him an Academy Award nomination as well as a Grammy Award nomination.

BERNARD HERRMANN Beneath the 12-Mile Reef. , Fahrenheit 451, Jason and the Argonauts, , , , , The 7th Voyage of Sindbad, Journey to the Center of the Earth, The 3 Worlds of Gulliver, Mysterious Island and Jason and the Argonauts, The Day the Earth Stood Still, The Ghost and Mrs. Muir, (born Max Herman; June 29, 1911 – December 24, 1975) was an American composer best known for his work in composing for motion pictures. As a conductor, he championed the music of lesser- known composers. An Academy Award-winner (for The Devil and Daniel Webster, 1941; later renamed All That Money Can Buy), Herrmann is particularly known for his collaborations with director , most famously Psycho, North by Northwest, Knew Too Much, and Vertigo. He also composed scores for many other films, including Citizen Kane, The Day the Earth Stood Still, The Ghost and Mrs. Muir, Cape Fear, Fahrenheit 451, and Taxi Driver. He worked extensively in (composing for ), composed the scores for several fantasy films by Harryhausen, and many TV programs, including 's “” and “Have Gun – Will Travel”.

BERT SHEFTER Voyage to the Bottom of the Sea Bert Shefter (May 15, 1902 – June 29, 1999) was a Russian-born film composer who worked primarily in America. He was born in Poltava, Russian Empire (now Ukraine). After emigrating to the U.S., he attended the Carnegie Institute, ’s Curtis Institute of Music and the Damrosch Institute, NYC. He began his musical career as a duo-pianist with (known as "Shefter & Gould".) They performed in theatres and on the radio between 1930 - 1936. He developed his skills as a conductor, and began appearing both as solo pianist and conductor on stage. He was the guest conductor at during the 1946-1947 season. He formed his own orchestra, and appeared on New York radio including some broadcasts over the NBC Network. He also conducted his orchestra on recordings for several record labels and for the "Muzak" store music service. His first work in film music was as musical director for the production One Too Many in 1950. In the late 1950s, Shefter struck up an alliance with fellow film composer Paul Sawtell and they produced many film scores together. Most notably they provided the music to classic science fiction and horror films including Kronos (1957), It! The Terror from Beyond Space (1958), Return of (1959), The Lost World (1960), Voyage to the Bottom of the Sea (1961, in cooperation with producer Irwin Allen), and Jack the Giant Killer (1962). In 1965 they composed some scores for the director Russ Meyer, such as the cult classic Faster

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Pussycat! Kill! Kill! and Motorpsycho. The last score they provided was for the Mexican film Emiliano Zapata in 1970 shortly before Sawtell's retirement.

BILL CONTI , The Right Stuff William Conti (born April 13, 1942) is an American composer and conductor best known for his film scores, including Rocky (and four of its sequels), For Your Eyes Only, Dynasty, and The Right Stuff, which earned him an Academy Award for Best Original Score. He also received nominations in the Best Original Song category for "" from Rocky and for the title song of For Your Eyes Only. He was the musical director at the Academy Awards a record nineteen times.

BRAD FIEDEL began his career in film in the late , and wrote extensively for television films and minor cinema releases, until director hired him to score the in 1984, setting the wheels in motion for a successful career. Since then, Fiedel has scored many popular and successful movies, including (1985) and its sequel Fright Night Part 2 (1988), The Easy (1987), The Serpent and the Rainbow (1988), The Accused (1988), Blue Steel (1990), Terminator 2: Judgment Day (1991), Blink (1994), and (1994), although in recent years, Fiedel has moved on to other creative areas, writing original musicals and designing and building a surf resort in La Saladita, Mexico. His last major theatrical score was in 1995, and although he enjoyed a brief period of renewed interest following the release of Terminator 3: Rise of the Machines in 2003, when wrote an orchestral of his theme, he shows no sign of returning to the film music field.

BRIAN EASDALE , (10 August 1909 – 30 October 1995) was an English composer of operatic, orchestral, choral and film music. Easdale also composed film and theatre music. He worked for the GPO Film Unit on films such as Big Money (1937), Job in a Million (1937) and Men in Danger (1939). His film scores included several for and , including Black Narcissus (1947), The Red Shoes (1948), (1949), The Elusive Pimpernel (1950), The Battle of the River Plate (1956), Miracle in Soho (1957), The Queen's Guards (1961) and Powell's Peeping Tom (1960). He was the first British composer to win an Academy Award for Best Original Music Score, for his music for The Red Shoes.

BRIAN MAY rates highly as one of the best film music composers in the history of Australian cinema. May's scores are distinguished by their full, rich and supremely melodic . Brian was born on , 1934 in Adelaide, South . He studied as a pianist, violinist and conductor at the Adelaide Elder Conservatorium. May joined the ABC Adelaide in 1957 so he could form and conduct the well-regarded ensemble the ABC Adelaide . At age 35 Brian moved to Melbourne to become the conductor and arranger of the ABC's Melbourne Show Band. Brian began his career providing the themes for such TV programs as "Bellbird," "Countdown," and "New Wave" prior to breaking into the movie business. His score for the dramatic series "" in particular is considered one of his finest musical accomplishments. Brian achieved his greatest commercial success with the thrilling and powerful scores for the first two "Mad Max" futuristic science fiction action features, supplying raw, potent and thunderous music which added immensely to the on-screen drama and excitement. May deservedly received an Australian Film Institute Award for his outstanding work on "Mad Max." His scores for Roadgames, Mad Max 2, and Frog Dreaming were also nominated for Australian Film Institute Awards for Best Score.

BRYCE DESSNER The Revenant Bryce David Dessner (born April 23, 1976) is an American composer and guitarist based in Paris, best known as a member of the rock band the National. In October 2015, Dessner was tapped along with Ryuichi Sakamoto and Alva Noto, to compose the score for the Grammy Award-winning director Alejandro González Iñárritu film The Revenant (2015). They received a nomination for Best Original Score in the 2016 Golden Globes and a nomination in the 2017 Grammy Awards for Best Score Soundtrack for Visual Media category.

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BRONISŁAW KAPER Mutiny on the Bounty Bronisław Kaper, February 5, 1902 – April 26, 1983) was a Polish film composer who scored films and in , France, and the USA. Kaper is now perhaps best remembered as the composer of the jazz standards "On Green Dolphin Street" ( by Ned ) and "Invitation" (lyrics by ) which were originally the respective title tracks for Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer's films Green Dolphin Street (1947) and Invitation (1952). He also scored the MGM film musical Lili (1953) for which he received the Academy Award for Best Original Score, MGM's 1962 remake of Mutiny on the Bounty, and the TV series “The F.B..” (1965–1974).

BRUNO COULAIS Coraline (born 13 January 1954) is a French composer, most widely known for his music on film soundtracks. He has also been declared the of France due to his scores having a chorus singing lightly.

CARTER BURWELL No Country for Old Men, True Grit Carter Benedict Burwell (born November 18, 1954) is an American composer of film scores. He has frequently collaborated with the , having scored 15 of their films. Burwell has also scored three of ' films and all the films of director Martin McDonagh. He has received Academy Award nominations for Best Original Score for Haynes' Carol (2015) and McDonagh's Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri (2017). Other notable film scores include the films (1999), Adaptation (2002), and Where the Wild Things Are (2009), David O. Russell's Three Kings (1999), 's Olive Kitteridge (2014), and 's (2015).

CHARLES CHAPLIN Limelight (with Raymond Rasch and ), Modern Times Sir Charles Spencer Chaplin KBE (16 April 1889 – 25 December 1977) was an English comic actor, filmmaker, and composer who rose to fame in the era of . He became a worldwide icon through his screen persona, "the Tramp", and is considered one of the most important figures in the history of the . His career spanned more than 75 years, from childhood in the Victorian era until a year before his death in 1977, and encompassed both adulation and controversy. Chaplin wrote, directed, produced, edited, starred in, and composed the music for most of his films. He was a perfectionist, and his financial independence enabled him to spend years on the development and production of a picture. His films are characterized by slapstick combined with pathos, typified in the Tramp's struggles against adversity. Many contain social and political themes, as well as autobiographical elements. He received an Honorary Academy Award for "the incalculable effect he has had in making motion pictures the art form of this century" in 1972, as part of a renewed appreciation for his work. He continues to be held in high regard, with The Gold Rush, , Modern Times, and The Great Dictator often ranked on lists of the greatest films of all time.

CHEMICAL BROTHERS, THE Hanna are an English duo composed of Tom Rowlands and Ed Simons, originating in Manchester in 1989. Along with The Prodigy, Fatboy Slim, The Crystal Method, and fellow acts, they were pioneers at bringing the big beat genre to the forefront of pop culture. In the they have had six number one albums and 13 top 20 singles, including two number ones.

CHICO HAMILTON Sweet Smell of Success Composer, conductor and drummer who formed his first band with schoolmates , Charlie Mingus and Jacquet. He played in the orchestras of , Lester Young, Floyd Ray, Jim Mundy, Count Basie and Charlie Barnet. He formed a quartet with in 1952, and then led his own quartet. Joining ASCAP in 1959, his popular- compositions include "Morning After" and "Theme from Gerald McBoing Boing".

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CHRISTOPHER YOUNG Drag Me to Hell With a background as a jazz instrumentalist, often incorporates elements of rock, jazz, and especially electronic music into his dynamic orchestral film scores. After emerging on low-budget thrillers and horror films in the early '80s, his scores for A Nightmare on Elm Street 2: Freddy's Revenge (1985) and Hellraiser (1987) led to steady work on horror, thriller, and sci-fi films throughout the '90s. Along the way, he also composed music for movies such as John Dahl's drama Rounders (1998) and the boxing biopic The Hurricane (1999). The 2000s brought work for directors ranging from Lasse Hallström and to , including Raimi's Spider-Man 2 (2004) and Spider-Man 3 (2007). Young's projects in the 2010s included The Monkey King (2014) and The Monkey King 2 (2016) for Hong Kong director Cheang Pou-soi.

CLINT MANSELL , Black Swan (with ) Clinton Darryl "Clint" Mansell (born 7 January 1963) is an English musician, composer, and former lead singer of the band . He has written film scores for several films and television episodes. Mansell started composing film soundtracks when director hired him to score his debut film, Pi, in 1996. He also wrote the score for Aronofsky's next film, Requiem for a Dream, which became a cult hit. The film's primary composition "" was popular, appearing in adverts, film trailers and YouTube videos labelled as Epic Music. Mansell has composed the music to every subsequent Aronofsky film with the sole exception of mother!.

CLIFF MARTINEZ Solaris (born February 5, 1954) is an American musician and composer. Early in his career, Martinez was known as a drummer notably with the Red Hot Chili Peppers and . Since the 1990s he has worked primarily as a film score composer, writing music for Sex, Lies, and Videotape, Drive, Only God Forgives, The Neon Demon, Spring Breakers, Contagion, Solaris, The Foreigner, and Traffic.

CRAIG ARMSTRONG Far from the Madding Crowd, Elizabeth the Golden Age (with A. R. Rahman) Craig Armstrong, OBE (born 29 April 1959) is a Scottish composer of modern orchestral music, electronica and film scores. He graduated from the in 1981 and has since written music for the Royal Shakespeare , the Royal Scottish National Orchestra and the London . Armstrong's score for William Shakespeare's Romeo + Juliet earned him a BAFTA for Achievement in Film Music and an Ivor Novello. His composition for 's musical Moulin Rouge! earned him the 2001 's composer of the Year award, a Golden Globe Award for Best Original Score and a BAFTA. Armstrong was awarded a Grammy Award for Best Original Score in 2004 for the biopic Ray. His other feature film scoring credits include Love , 's World Trade Center, Elizabeth: The Golden Age and The Incredible Hulk.

DAFT PUNK Tron Legacy is a French electronic music duo formed in Paris in 1993 by Guy-Manuel de Homem-Christo and Thomas Bangalter. They achieved popularity in the late 1990s as part of the movement and had success in the years following, combining elements of with , techno, , rock, and synthpop. They have worn ornate helmets and gloves to assume robot personas in most public appearances since 1999 and rarely grant interviews or appear on television.

DAN ROMER Beasts of the Southern Wild is an American music producer, singer-, and film composer based in Los Angeles. As a film composer, Romer's scores include four-time Oscar-nominated Beasts of the Southern Wild, Beasts of No Nation, Chasing Coral, Gleason, “Good Doctor” and the Emmy-winning “Jim: The Story”.

DANNY ELFMAN Alice in Wonderland, Batman, The Wolfman, For over 30 years, four-time Oscar nominee Danny Elfman has established himself as one of the most versatile and accomplished film composers in the industry. He has collaborated with directors such as , Gus

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Van Sant, Sam Raimi, , , , , , James Ponsoldt and David O' Russell. Beginning with his first score on Tim Burton’s Pee- wee’s Big Adventure, Elfman has scored over 100 films, including Milk (Oscar-nominated), (Oscar-nominated), (Oscar-nominated), (Oscar-nominated), , Batman, , The Nightmare Before Christmas, Alice in Wonderland, , , Avengers: Age of Ultron, Spiderman, A Simple Plan, , , Dolores Claiborne, and the documentaries The Unknown Known, and Standard Operating Procedure. Most recently he has provided the music for, Warner Bros. Justice League, and 's Don't Worry He Won't Get Far On Foot. He is currently working on the upcoming Tim Burton film for Disney, and The Grinch for Universal.

DARIO MARIANELLI Agora, (born June 21, 1963) is an Italian film composer, known for his frequent collaborations with directors and . Marianelli came from a musically inclined family, he learned at a young age, before moving into other musical instruments. He studied at the Guildhall School of Music before taking up a 3-year post-graduate program at the National Film and Television School in London. He then undertook small projects, composing for concerts and theatre productions. Marianelli then received film projects such as Ailsa and Pandaemonium which caught the eye of director Joe Wright who would later contact Marianelli to score Pride and Prejudice. The duo would then go on to work on Wright's subsequent films which includes Atonement, , Anna Karenina and Darkest Hour.

DAVE GRUSIN On Golden Pond Robert David Grusin (born June 26, 1934) is an American composer, arranger, producer, and pianist. He has composed many scores for feature films and television and has won numerous awards for his soundtrack and record work, including an Academy Award and ten Grammy Awards. He has had a prolific recording career as an artist, arranger, producer and executive producer. He is the co-founder of GRP Records. His first film score for (1967). Other scores followed, including Winning (1969), The Friends of Eddie Coyle (1973), The Midnight Man (1974), and (1975). Beginning in the late 1970s, he was the composer for , On Golden Pond (1981), (1982) and (1985). In 1988, he won the Oscar for best original score for The Milagro Beanfield War, He also composed the musical scores for the 1984 TriStar Pictures and the 1993 Television logos.

DAVID ARNOLD Independence Day David G. Arnold (born 23 January 1962) is a British film composer best known for scoring five films, Stargate (1994), Independence Day (1996), Godzilla (1998) and the television series and Sherlock. For Independence Day he received a Grammy Award for Best Instrumental Composition Written for a Motion Picture or for Television and for Sherlock he, and co-composer , won a Creative Arts Emmy for the score of "", the final episode in the third series. Arnold is a fellow of the British Academy of , Composers and Authors. Arnold is scoring the BBC / Amazon Prime series “” adapted by from his book Good Omens, written with .

DAVID HIRSCHFELDER Better than Sex, Elizabeth (born 18 November 1960, Ballarat, Victoria) is an Australian musician, film score composer and performer. As a musician he has been a member of and Band. He has composed film scores for (1992), Shine (1996), Sliding Doors (1998), Elizabeth (1998), Hanging Up (2000), Australia (2008), and Legend of the Guardians: The Owls of Ga'Hoole (2010).

DAVID RAKSIN Laura (August 4, 1912 – August 9, 2004) was an American composer who was renowned for his work in film and television. With over 100 film scores and 300 television scores to his credit, he became known as the "Grandfather of Film Music." One of his earliest film assignments was as assistant to in the composition of the score to Modern Times (1936). He is perhaps best remembered for his score for the film Laura (1944). The theme music for the film, "Laura", with the addition of lyrics by , became a major hit. During Raksin's lifetime, "Laura" was said to be the second most-recorded song in history following

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"Stardust" by and . Raksin's theme song "The Bad and the Beautiful" (also called "Love is For the Very Young") for the 1953 film The Bad and the Beautiful (1953) was also a hit, although not as popular as "Laura". Raksin insisted that the song be released as an instrumental because he had resented having to split the proceeds from "Laura" with a lyricist. Raksin's theme for The Bad and the Beautiful was initially disliked by the film's director and producer but was saved from rejection by the intervention of and , who both liked it. The theme has since been praised by , , , and Courage. Sondheim reportedly called it "one of the best themes ever written in films".

DAVID SHIRE Taking of Pelham One Two Three David Lee Shire (born July 3, 1937) is an American songwriter and composer of stage musicals, film and television scores. The soundtracks to The Taking of Pelham One Two Three, and All the President's Men, and parts of the soundtrack such as "Manhattan Skyline", are some of his best-known works. His other work includes the score of the 1985 film Return to Oz (the "sequel-in-part" of The Wizard of Oz), and the stage musical scores of , Big, , and Starting Here, Starting Now.

DIMITRI SHOSTAKOVICH The Gadfly Dmitry Shostakovich was a Russian composer whose symphonies and quartets, numbering 15 each, are among the greatest examples from the 20th century of these classic forms. His style evolved from the brash humour and experimental character of his first period, exemplified by the The Nose and Lady Macbeth of Mtsensk, into both the more introverted melancholy and nationalistic fervour of his second phase (the Symphonies No. 5 and No. 7, "Leningrad"), and finally into the defiant and bleak mood of his last period (exemplified by the Symphony No. 14 and Quartet No. 15). Early in his career, his music showed the influence of Prokofiev and Stravinsky, especially in his prodigious and highly successful First Symphony. He could effectively communicate a melancholic depth and profound sense of anguish, as one hears in many of his symphonies, concertos, and quartets. Solomon Volkov, in his controversial Testimony: The Memoirs of explains the composer's seeming bombast as a deft satire on the pomposity of the Soviet state, pointing to the "forced rejoicing" of Fifth Symphony's ending. Typical traits of Shostakovich's style include short, reiterated melodic or rhythmic figures, motifs of one or two pitches or intervals, and lugubrious and manic string writing.

DIMITRI TIOMKIN Guns of Navarone, The Thing from Another World, Portrait of Jenny, , Friendly Persuasion, The Alamo Dimitri Zinovievich Tiomkin (May 10, 1894 – November 11, 1979) was a Russian-born American film composer and conductor. Classically trained in St. Petersburg, Russia before the Bolshevik Revolution, he moved to Berlin and then New York City after the Russian Revolution. In 1929, after the stock market crash, he moved to Hollywood, where he became best known for his scores for Western films, including Duel in the Sun, Red River, High Noon, The Big Sky, Gunfight at the O.K. Corral, and Last Train from Gun Hill. Tiomkin received twenty-two Academy Award nominations and won four Oscars, three for Best Original Score for High Noon, The High and the Mighty, and The Old Man and the Sea, and one for Best Original Song for "" from the former film.

DON DAVIS Donald Romain Davis (born February 4, 1957) is an American composer, conductor, and orchestrator. Davis won Emmys in 1990 for “Beauty and the Beast” and 1995 for “SeaQuest DSV”. He wrote scores mostly for television series up until 1995, in which he wrote a few of the cues for the animated Disney motion picture . He continued to score television series until the two then-young directors, the Wachowskis, hired him to score their neo-noir film Bound. It was reasonably successful at the box office. Bound was the film which led Davis into becoming the composer for the entire Matrix trilogy. Subsequently, Davis has composed scores for films such as III (recommended to the filmmakers by , the composer of the scores for the first two films in the series), House on Haunted Hill, Behind Enemy Lines, and The Unsaid. In 2004, he produced the music score for the BBC science fiction documentary series “Space Odyssey: Voyage to the Planets”, released as ‘Voyage to the Planets and Beyond’ in the . Davis' magnum opus is Matrix franchise: The Matrix, The Matrix Reloaded, The Matrix Revolutions, and The Animatrix. It was set apart

10 12/02/2020 12:34 PM Adventures in Film Music Redux - Composer Profiles from other film scores of its time for its and avant-garde style of composition, with influences from polytonal minimalist works like ' Short Ride in a Fast Machine and cluster-like as well as aleatoric techniques prominent in the works of composer Witold Lutosławski.

DUKE ELLINGTON Anatomy of Murder Edward Kennedy "Duke" Ellington (, 1899 – May 24, 1974) was an American composer, pianist, and leader of a jazz orchestra, which he led from 1923 until his death over a career spanning more than fifty years. Ellington’s first film score (1959), a courtroom drama directed by and featuring , in which Ellington appeared fronting a roadhouse combo. This was followed by Paris (1961), which featured and as jazz musicians. In 2009 Detroit music critic Mark Stryker wrote that Ellington and Strayhorn's work in Anatomy of a Murder is "indispensable, [although] . . . too sketchy to rank in the top echelon among Ellington-Strayhorn masterpiece suites like and The , but its most inspired moments are their equal."

EDMUND CHOI Edmund Choi began his career as an assistant to noted composer , working on such films as , Storyville, , Waterland, The Chamber, Conspiracy Theory, It Could Happen To You, Kalifornia, And The Band Played On, This Boy's Life, and Fargo. Working with director M. Night Shyamalan led to collaborations on their first two feature films, Praying With Anger and Wide Awake. After completing Wide Awake, the composer signed a multi-picture deal to write music for Films including the score to Down To You. Collaborating with Jane Kennedy, Rob Sitch and Working Dog Productions, he has had the honour of scoring two of Australia's most beloved films, The Castle and The Dish.

ELIZABETH DRAKE Elizabeth Drake is an Australian composer. Her film soundtrack credits include Road to Nhill and Japanese Story.

ELMER BERNSTEIN Airplane aka Flying High, The Great Escape, Sweet Smell of Success, Ghostbusters, The Magnificent Seven, The Man with the Golden Arm, To Kill a Mockingbird (April 4, 1922 – August 18, 2004) was an American composer and conductor who is best known for his film scores. In a career that spanned more than five decades, he composed "some of the most recognizable and memorable themes in Hollywood history", including over 150 original movie scores, as well as scores for nearly 80 television productions. Examples of his widely popular and critically acclaimed works are scores to The Magnificent Seven, The Ten Commandments, The Great Escape, To Kill a Mockingbird, Ghostbusters, The Black Cauldron, Airplane!, The Rookies, Cape Fear, Animal House, and The Age of Innocence. Bernstein won an Oscar for his score to Thoroughly Modern Millie (1967) and was nominated for 14 Oscars in total. He also won two Golden Globe Awards, an Emmy, and was nominated for two Grammy Awards.

ENNIO MORRICONE The Thing, The Good, The Bad and The Ugly, The Hateful Eight, The Untouchables, Once Upon a Time in America A classmate of director with whom he would form one of the great director/composer partnerships (right up there with Eisenstein and Prokofiev, Hitchcock and Herrmann, Fellini and Rota), studied at Rome's Santa Cecilia Conservatory, where he specialized in . His first film scores were relatively undistinguished, but he was hired by Leone for A Fistful of Dollars (1964) on the strength of some of his song . His score for that film, with its sparse arrangements, unorthodox instrumentation (bells, electric , harmonicas, the distinctive twang of the jew's harp) and memorable tunes, revolutionized the way music would be used in Westerns, and it is hard to think of a post-Morricone Western score that doesn't in some way reflect his influence. Although his name will always be synonymous with the spaghetti Western, Morricone has also contributed to a huge range of other film genres: comedies, dramas, thrillers, horror films, romances, art movies, exploitation movies - making him one of the film world's most versatile artists. He has written nearly 400 film scores, so a brief summary is impossible, but his most memorable work includes the Leone films, Gillo Pontecorvo's The Battle of Algiers (1966), Roland Joffé's The

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Mission (1986), Brian De Palma's The Untouchables (1987) and Giuseppe Tornatore's Cinema Paradiso (1988), plus a rare example of sung opening credits for Pier Paolo Pasolini's Uccellacci e uccellini (1966).

ERIC COATES The Dam Busters Eric Coates was perhaps the most important composer of symphonic light music in the first half of the twentieth century outside the Viennese sphere. He took the and made it into a bona fide and influential an art form as that created by any member of the Strauss family. He is often regarded as the Mozart of a music world whose generally light emotional expression is coloured by splashy orchestration and perky rhythms. Yet, his music featured an elegant and aristocratic air and could capture moods and, in stage works, storylines with deftly vivid imagery. Among his important compositions are the 1930 ballet Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, revised eight years later and re-titled The Enchanted Garden; and Springtime Suite from 1937. Coates’ compositions including The Merrymakers and the London Suite won him many fans and admirers, including Elgar who championed Coates from an early age. His most enduring piece of music continues to be his theme tune to The Dam Busters film. The piece wasn’t composed for the film, however – Coates submitted a work he had already written. Even though Coates composed music in a less serious genre, he must be regarded nearly as highly as England's other important figures from his time, Vaughan Williams, Sir Arnold Bax, and .

ERIC SERRA Fifth Element, The Messenger: The Story of Joan of Arc Éric Serra's father Claude was a famous French songwriter in the 1950s and '60s, and, as such, Éric was exposed to music and its production at a young age. His mother died when he was just seven years old. In the early 1980s, Serra met director and was asked to score his first film, Le Dernier Combat (1983). Serra has scored all of Besson's directed films to date (including The Fifth Element (1997)), except Angel-A (2005) (scored by Anja Garbarek), and several that Besson has written, such as Wasabi. In 1995, Éric Serra was chosen to compose the score to the James Bond film GoldenEye and produced a much more modern-sounding avant-garde soundtrack compared to previous Bond films. It met with mixed reviews from film critics.

ERICH WOLFGANG KORNGOLD Kings Row, The Adventures of Robin Hood, The Sea Hawk, Captain Blood (May 29, 1897 – November 29, 1957) was an Austrian-born composer and conductor. A child prodigy, he became one of the most important and influential composers in the history of Hollywood. He was a noted pianist and composer of , along with music for Hollywood films, and the first composer of international stature to write Hollywood scores. After a distinguished career in Europe and due to the rise of the Nazi regime, Korngold moved to the U.S. in 1934 to write music scores for films. His first was Reinhardt's A Midsummer Night's Dream (1935), which was well-received by critics. He subsequently wrote scores for such films as Captain Blood (1935), which helped boost the career of its starring newcomer, Errol Flynn. His score for Anthony Adverse (1936) won an Oscar and was followed two years later with another Oscar for The Adventures of Robin Hood (1938). Overall, he wrote the score for 16 Hollywood films, receiving two more nominations. Along with Max Steiner and Alfred Newman, he is one of the founders of film music.

FRANCK BARCELLINI Jacques Tati films Franck Barcellini was a French composer, born May 11, 1920, in Lyon, France and died October 16, 2012, in Saint-Nazaire, France.

FRANCOIS TETAZ The Rogue François "Franc" Tétaz (born 22 December 1970) is an Australian film composer, music producer and mixer, who won the Australasian Performing Right Association (APRA) / Australian Guild of Screen Composers (AGSC) 2006 'Feature Film Score of the Year' Award for Wolf Creek (2005).

FRANK DE VOL Guess Who’s Coming to Dinner Frank DeVol was born in Moundsville, WV and raised in Canton, OH, the son of a bandleader. Frank DeVol was never quite a household name, but for a few years in the , his name came into millions of American households every week, sometimes more than once each week. As a bandleader and arranger, he was one of

12 12/02/2020 12:34 PM Adventures in Film Music Redux - Composer Profiles the busiest working musicians of the '50s and '60s, and as a composer, he wrote more than 50 movie scores -- but it was his theme music for series such as My Three Sons and The Brady Bunch by which he came into our homes and pop-culture consciousness.

FRANZ WAXMAN Peyton Place, , Sunset Boulevard, The Bride of (24 December 1906 – 24 February 1967) was a German and American composer of Jewish descent, known primarily for his work in the film music genre. His film scores include , Rebecca, Sunset Boulevard, A Place in the Sun, , , Peyton Place, The Nun's Story, and Taras Bulba. He received twelve Academy Award nominations and won two Oscars in consecutive years (for Sunset Boulevard and A Place in the Sun). He also received a Golden Globe Award for the former film. Bernard Herrmann said that the score for Taras Bulba was "the score of a lifetime."

GARTH STEVENSON Tracks Garth Stevenson is a Brooklyn-based film composer and double bassist. Raised in the mountains of Western Canada, nature became his primary inspiration and the thread between his life and music.

GEOFF ZANELLI Ghost Town Emmy Award-winning composer is a standout in the film and television scoring industry, garnering accolades and recognition for his diverse musical voice. Zanelli has composed for directors such as and ; writer/directors , and ; producers , and ; as well as actor/producer . He has also worked with contemporary pop artists, including arranging and performing on albums by Pink, , and Edie Brickell, and .

GEORGE DUNING Picnic (February 25, 1908 – February 27, 2000) was an American musician and film composer. He was born in Richmond, Indiana and educated in Cincinnati, Ohio at the Cincinnati Conservatory of Music, where his mentor was Mario Castelnuovo-Tedesco. signed Duning to Columbia Pictures in 1946, where he worked almost exclusively through the early 1960s, collaborating most often with director . Prominent Duning scores are two of the best examples of western genre – the original 3:10 to Yuma, and Cowboy – and those he composed for films as diverse as Picnic, The World of Suzie Wong, The Devil at Four O'Clock, Bell, Book, and Candle and Toys in the Attic.

GEORGE FENTON Shadowlands After transitioning from writing music for the dramatic stage, British composer/conductor became a celebrated film and television scorer, winning his first BAFTA TV Award in 1982. A first-time Academy Award nomination followed a year later for Gandhi, a collaboration with . Fenton later earned Oscar and Grammy nominations in the song category for the title track to (1987). Alternately wistful, playful, and rousing, his work in film and TV went on to include such diverse titles as (1988), Groundhog Day (1993), and the nature series The Blue Planet (2001) and (2006). Featuring his complex, majestic orchestral scoring, the latter two won Fenton both BAFTA and Emmy Awards. Planet (2011) was among his other projects for the BBC as he continued to provide original music for movies such as 's The Zero Theorem (2013), frequent collaborator 's (2015), and the Liam Neeson vehicle Cold Pursuit (2019). Fenton has also scored well over a dozen films for arthouse director .

CHRISTOPHER GORDON Master and Commander: The Far Side of the World Christopher Gordon is a composer who has been commissioned by the Sydney Symphony Orchestra (including concertos for bass and horn), Gondwana Voices (including Peace On Earth), Sydney Omega Ensemble, Australian Chamber Orchestra and Sydney International Brass Festival. He has composed for many of Australia's major celebrations, including the opening ceremonies of the 2006 Commonwealth Games and the 2003 Rugby World Cup Sydney, as well as the official celebration of the Centenary of Federation of

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Australia in 2001. Christopher has written scores for film and television, including Adoration, Mao's Last Dancer, Daybreakers, Crawl, the EMMY-nominated score for Salem's Lot, Dick, On the Beach, When Good Ghouls Go Bad and Ward 13. He also co-composed the score to Master and Commander: The Far Side of the World. His scores have received wide international acclaim, including an AFI award, and 16 Australian Screen Music Awards with a further 10 nominations.

GEORGE GERSHWIN Manhattan In a career tragically cut short in mid-stride by a brain tumour, (1898-1937) proved himself to be not only one of the great songwriters of his extremely rich era but also a gifted "serious" composer who bridged the worlds of classical and popular music. The latter is all the more striking, given that, of his contemporaries, Gershwin was the most influenced by such styles as jazz and blues. Gershwin's first major hit, interpolated into the show Sinbad in 1919, was "Swanee," sung by Al Jolson. Gershwin wrote both complete scores and songs for such variety shoes as George White's Scandals (whose annual editions thus were able to introduce such songs as "I'll Build a Stairway to Paradise" and ""). After 1924, Gershwin worked primarily with his brother Ira as his lyricist. The two scored a series of Broadway hits in the '20s and early '30s, starting with Lady Be Good (1924), which included the song "Fascinatin' Rhythm." 1924 was also the year Gershwin composed his first classical piece, "Rhapsody in Blue," and he would continue to work in the classical field until his death. By the '30s, the Gershwins had turned to political topics and satire in response to the onset of the Depression, and their Of Thee I Sing became the first musical to win a Pulitzer Prize. In the mid-'30s, Gershwin ambitiously worked to meld his show music and classical leanings in the creation of the folk Porgy and Bess, with lyrics by Ira and Dubose Heyward. The Gershwins had moved to Hollywood and were engaged in several movie projects at the time of George Gershwin's death.

GEORGE KALLIS Gagarin: First in Space George was born on the island of Cyprus where musically west meets east. The international musical influences helped him become an expert in global music, having composed scores for over 25 films produced in the US, UK, Russia, Denmark, Nigeria, , Armenia and India. He has studied film composition at with a masters degree in composition from The .

GEORGES AURIC The Titfield Thunderbolt, La Belle et la Bete, Moulin Rouge Georges Auric (15 February 1899 – 23 July 1983) was a French composer, born in Lodève, Hérault. He was considered one of Les Six, a group of artists informally associated with Jean Cocteau and . Before he turned 20 he had orchestrated and written incidental music for several ballets and stage productions. He also had a distinguished career as a film composer. His scores include La Belle et la Bête, Caesar and Cleopatra, Dead of Night, , The Lavender Hill Mob, Moulin Rouge, Roman Holiday, The Wages of Fear, The Titfield Thunderbolt, Heaven Knows, Mr. Alison, The Hunchback of Notre Dame, The Innocents and The Mind Benders.

GHEORGHE ZAMFIR Picnic at Hanging Rock Thanks to countless TV hawking collections of his music, Zamfir is almost universally recognized as the "Master of the Pan Flute." While that title may be cause for smirking in some quarters -- whether because of its overexposure or a general distaste for easy listening music -- it's true that Gheorghe Zamfir was single- handedly responsible for popularizing an ancient, traditional Eastern European instrument that was in danger of dying out for lack of interest. Made of bamboo, reeds, or wood, the pan flute (also known as the pan pipes or the nai) consists of a series of tubes, each of which sounds one individual note, and are fastened together side by side. It produces an ethereal, haunting sound, and since its construction makes the execution of up- tempo passages nearly impossible, it's ideal for the sort of slow, tranquil mood music that constituted Zamfir's stock in trade. At first focusing on Romanian folk melodies, classical material, and original compositions, Zamfir's popularity in Europe and America led him to cover pop songs, soundtrack themes, and the like, all supported by soft, lush orchestral arrangements.

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GORAN BREGOVIC Baikonur Balkan folk music stylist and film composer Goran Bregovic was born in Sarajevo, Yugoslavia on March 22, 1950, beginning his music career in 1966 as bassist with the local rock band Bestije. After a three-year stint as a member of Kodeks, in 1971 he joined the underground trio Mica, Goran and Zoran. Three years later Bregovic founded Bijelo Dugme, one of Yugoslavia's most successful and influential bands until their breakup in 1988. He first turned to film work in 1978, composing the score to Mica Milosevic's Nije Nego, though Bregovic's most fruitful collaboration was with director , for whom he scored 1988's , 1993's Arizona Dream, and 1995 Palme d'Or winner, Underground. His other scores during this period included 1994's Queen Margot, 1996's A Chef in Love, and 1997's A Serpent's Kiss. Meanwhile, his exuberant solo folk-pop recordings included 1996's P.S., the 1998 live album Silence of the Balkans, and 1999's Ederlezi.

GOTTFRIED HUPPERTZ Metropolis 11 March 1887 – 7 February 1937. Was a German composer who is perhaps most known for his scores to German expressionist silent films such as the science fiction epic Metropolis (1927). He collaborated with legendary director on multiple occasions.

GRAEME REVELL Aeon Flux Coming into the public eye with his brooding score for the 1989 Australian film Dead Calm, composer has gone on to score films for directors such as , , , , and Michael Mann. Born in Auckland, New Zealand, in 1955, Revell graduated from the University of Auckland with degrees in economics and politics. His skills as a classically trained pianist assisted him as a member of the experimental group SPK. Cinematic theatrics were an essential part of SPK's live show (foreshadowing Revell's future career in film) with early performances featuring slides and films of surgery, and the use of flame throwers and oil drums. The band dissolved in the late '80s, coinciding with Revell's exploration into film scores. His Dead Calm score won him an Australian Film Industry award, prompting his move to London to work as an independent musician. Revell has had quite a prolific career composing music for films like Street Fighter and The Craft, as well as producing soundtracks for Until the End of the World, The Crow, The Basketball Diaries, Strange Days, and .

GRAHAM TARDIF The Tracker Graham Tardif was born in Melbourne and raised mainly along the Northern of Sydney. He developed his love of music, early on, and knew he was going to be a composer at 15. He completed his first feature in 1986 and has never looked back. He has written the music for the critically acclaimed Bad Boy Bubby, and many other Australian features. He has recently completed The Old Man Who Read Love Stories and is set to complete to more features next year.

GYORGY LIGETI 2001: A Space Odyssey György Sándor Ligeti (28 May 1923 – 12 June 2006) was a Hungarian-Austrian composer of contemporary classical music. He has been described as "one of the most important avant-garde composers in the latter half of the twentieth century" and "one of the most innovative and influential among progressive figures of his time". He is best known by the public through the use of his music in film soundtracks. Although he did not directly compose any film scores, excerpts of pieces composed by him were taken and adapted for film use. The sound design of 's films, particularly the music of 2001: A Space Odyssey, drew from Ligeti's work and also contained pieces by other classical composers.

HANS BADELT Pirates of the Caribbean A German-born film score composer and producer, was born in in 1968. His first works were for films and commercials in his home country, but soon Badelt found his star rising, and was contributing to some of Hollywood's biggest blockbusters of the early 21st century. The first of his works to get a high amount of notice and praise was his score for the 2002 Dreamworks movie, The Time Machine. From there he would go on to -- either on his own, or in a collaborative capacity -- to work on such high budget flicks as The Pirates of the Caribbean: The Curse of the Black Pearl, Constantine, and Ultraviolet.

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HANS ERDMAN Nosferatu Born November 7, 1882, in Breslau, Silesia, Died November 21, 1942, in Berlin, Germany, Erdman first studied , composition and music theory, afterwards, he worked as a concertmaster at the Schauspielhaus Breslau. His artistic career was interrupted by where he served as a soldier. After the war followed engagements at the theatres in and Jena where he was able to continue his musical passion again. With his engagement at the conservatory in Berlin in the field "Akademie für Filmmusik" from 1928 he became an important teacher of film music. He gave numerous young composers an understanding of this seminal media. Despite his successes, Hans Erdmann did not realise other film compositions, instead, he turned towards different publications as an editor, among them the magazine "Filmtechnik", the "Reichsfilmblatt" as well as the magazine "Film - Ton - Kunst", where he dealt with the background music of silent movies. At the beginning of the 20s, he came in touch with the film business and he wrote his first compositions for cinema performances. His most popular film composition came into being for the German silent movie classic Nosferatu (1922) directed by Friedrich Wilhelm Murnau with Max Schreck in the leading role.

LISA GERRARD Gladiator is an award-winning singer, composer, and instrumentalist from Australia who rose to fame as a member of Dead Can Dance during the 1980s, then remained an in-demand collaborator and soundtrack composer throughout the following decades. One of the most otherworldly vocalists of her time, she sings in the dramatic contralto and mezzo-soprano ranges, often in a self-created language. As with Dead Can Dance's work, Gerrard's music is virtually unclassifiable, incorporating folk melodies, traditional instruments, electronics, and orchestral arrangements. Among other instruments, she is particularly skilled at playing the yangqin, a Chinese hammered dulcimer. After releasing several albums as part of Dead Can Dance throughout the '80s and early '90s, she made her solo debut in 1995 with the full-length The Mirror Pool. By the early 2000s, she'd established herself as a notable film composer; her score for the 2000 film Gladiator, in collaboration with Hans Zimmer, won a Golden Globe. Gerrard has since worked on other notable film and television scores such as A Thousand Roads (2005) and Burning Man (2011), in addition to releasing solo albums and collaborations with Pieter Bourke, Patrick Cassidy, and Klaus Schulze, among many others.

HANS ZIMMER Crimson Tide, Interstellar, Thelma and Louise, Hidden Figures (with Benjamin Wallfisch, and ) Hans Florian Zimmer (born 12 September 1957) is a German film score composer and . Since the 1980s, he has composed music for over 150 films. His works include , for which he won the Academy Award for Best Original Score in 1995, the Pirates of the Caribbean series, Interstellar, Gladiator, , Dunkirk, and The Dark Knight Trilogy.

HAROLD ARLEN The Wizard of Oz was an American composer of popular music, who composed over 500 songs, a number of which have become known worldwide. In addition to composing the songs for the 1939 film The Wizard of Oz, including "", Arlen is a highly regarded contributor to the . "Over the Rainbow" was voted the 20th century's No. 1 song by the Recording Industry Association of America and the National Endowment for the Arts.

HARRY GREGSON-WILLIAMS The Martian Harry Gregson-Williams (born 13 December 1961) is an English composer, orchestrator, conductor, and music producer. He has regularly written for video games, television and films, such as the series, Spy Game, Phone Booth, Man on Fire, : The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe, Déjà Vu, X- Men Origins: Wolverine, The Martian, and the Shrek franchise. He is the older brother of composer Rupert Gregson-Williams.

HENRY MANCINI Charade, Peter Gunn, The Pink Panther Enrico Nicola Mancini (April 16, 1924 – June 14, 1994) known professionally as was an American composer, conductor and arranger, who is best remembered for his film and television scores. Often cited as one of the greatest composers in the history of film, he won four Academy Awards, a Golden Globe, and

16 12/02/2020 12:34 PM Adventures in Film Music Redux - Composer Profiles twenty Grammy Awards, plus a posthumous Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award in 1995. His best-known works include the theme and soundtrack for the “Peter Gunn” television series as well as the music for The Pink Panther film series ("The Pink Panther Theme") and "" from Breakfast at Tiffany's. The Music from Peter Gunn won the first Grammy Award for Album of the Year. Mancini also enjoyed a long collaboration composing film scores for the film director .

HERBERT STOTHART The Good Earth, The Wizard of Oz Herbert P. Stothart was an American songwriter, arranger, conductor, and composer. He was also nominated for twelve Academy Awards, winning Best Original Score for The Wizard of Oz. Stothart was widely acknowledged as a member of the top tier of Hollywood composers during the 1930s and 1940s.

HERBIE HANCOCK Blow Up Herbert Jeffrey Hancock (born April 12, 1940) is an American pianist, keyboardist, bandleader, composer and actor. Hancock started his career with Donald Byrd. He shortly thereafter joined the Quintet where he helped to redefine the role of a jazz rhythm section and was one of the primary architects of the post-bop sound. Hancock composed the score to 's film Blowup (1966), the first of many film soundtracks he recorded in his career. In the 1970s, Hancock experimented with , funk, and electro styles. Hancock's best-known compositions include "Cantaloupe Island", "Watermelon Man" (later performed by dozens of musicians, including bandleader Mongo Santamaría), "Maiden Voyage", "Chameleon", and the singles, "I Thought It Was You" and "Rockit". His 2007 tribute album River: The Joni Letters won the 2008 Grammy Award for Album of the Year, only the second jazz album to win the award, after Getz/Gilberto in 1965.

HOWARD SHORE The Fellowship of the Ring Howard Leslie Shore OC (born October 18, 1946) is a Canadian composer who is notable for his film scores. He has composed the scores for over 80 films, most notably the scores for and film trilogies. He won three Academy Awards for his work on the first trilogy, with one being for the original song "Into the West", an award he shared with lead vocalist and writer/producer , who wrote the lyrics. He is also a consistent collaborator with director , having scored all but one of his films since 1979. In addition to his three Academy Awards, Shore has also won three Golden Globe Awards and four Grammy Awards. His scores include , Naked Lunch, The Fly, Mrs Doubtfire, Philadelphia, Silence of the Lambs, Se7en, Analyse This, The Lord of the Rings Trilogy, , , , , The Hobbit Trilogy, , Doubt, The Twilight Saga: Eclipse, and Hugo.

HUGO FRIEDHOFER The Best Years of Our Lives Hugo was born in . His father was a cellist trained in Dresden, Germany; his mother, Eva König, was born in Germany. He began playing at the age of 13. After taking lessons in harmony and counterpoint at University of California, Berkeley, he was employed as a cellist for the People's Symphony Orchestra. In 1929, he relocated to Hollywood, where he performed as a musician for Fox Studios productions such as Sunny Side Up (1920) and Grand Canary (1934). Later, he was hired as an orchestrator for Warner Bros. and worked on more than 50 films for the studio. While at Warners he was largely assigned to work with Max Steiner and because he could speak German, Erich Wolfgang Korngold. Steiner, in particular, relied on Friedhofer's skill in turning his sketches into a full orchestral score. Despite his own strong skills, he remained in their shadow for many years. In 1937, Friedhofer composed his first full-length film score, The Adventures of Marco Polo. Though he was still employed as an orchestrator through the '30s and into the '40s, he gradually received more assignments as a composer. In 1942, he composed the score for the film Chetniks! The Fighting Guerrillas. In 1946, at the behest of Alfred Newman, Friedhofer was hired to compose the score for the 1946 directed film, The Best Years of Our Lives, which earned him an Oscar for Best Original Score at the 1947 Academy Awards, beating Bernard Herrmann, , William Walton and Franz Waxman. Friedhofer was also nominated for other films, including The Bishop's Wife, Joan of Arc, Above and Beyond, Between Heaven and Hell, , An Affair to Remember, and The Young Lions.

IRA DAVIES

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Master and Commander: The Far Side of the World Iva Davies was born on May 22, 1955, in Wauchope, New South Wales, Australia as Ivor Arthur Davies. He is an actor and composer, known for Master and Commander: The Far Side of the World (2003), Space Jam (1996) and Razorback (1984). He was previously married to Tonia Kelly.

JACK NITZSCHE Starman An important behind-the-scenes figure in popular music for 40 years, composer/songwriter/producer/ arranger/studio musician served a crucial function in 1960s rock & roll, bringing a trained musician's know-how to bear on the work of more instinctive rockers in a way that complemented and deepened their work. and , in particular, benefited from his talents. Nitzsche was also a capable writer who penned a couple of major hits and developed a career as a film composer that included nearly three dozen movie scores.

JAMES BERNARD Quatermass Xperiment Bernard was born in India, the son of a British army officer, but was moved to England as a small child for his health. He was educated at College, where the future actor was a classmate. Fortuitously, because Lee was to star in scores of horror films for Hammer Studios, for which wrote the scores. Bernard's first major break as a composer was at the age of 17 when he met Benjamin Britten and Peter Pears, for whom Bernard later wrote a song cycle.

JAMES HORNER Bicentennial Man, A Beautiful Mind, Apollo 13, , , James Roy Horner (August 14, 1953 – June 22, 2015) was an American composer, conductor and orchestrator of film scores, writing over 100. He was known for the integration of choral and electronic elements, and for his frequent use of motifs associated with Celtic music. Horner's first major score was in 1979 for The Lady in Red, but he did not establish himself as an eminent film composer until his work on the 1982 film II: The Wrath of Khan. His score for James Cameron's Titanic is the best-selling orchestral film soundtrack of all time. He also wrote the score for the highest-grossing film of all time, Cameron's . He won two Academy Awards, two Golden Globes, three , and three Saturn Awards, and was nominated for three British Academy Film Awards. Horner, who was an avid pilot, died at the age of 61 in a single fatality crash while flying his turboprop aircraft. His scores include Legends of the Fall, The Rocketeer, , The Missing, Titanic, Braveheart, Apollo 13, Star Trek II: The Wrath of Khan and Avatar.

JAMES NEWTON HOWARD Dinosaur, Maleficent, Signs, The Hunger Games, The Sixth Sense, The Village, Waterworld (born June 9, 1951) is an American composer, conductor, and music producer. He has scored over 100 films and is the recipient of a Grammy Award, Emmy Award, and eight Academy Award nominations. His film scores include Pretty Woman (1990), Grand Canyon (1991), The Fugitive (1993), The Devil's Advocate (1997), Dinosaur (2000), Atlantis: The Lost Empire (2001), Treasure Planet (2002), King Kong (2005), (2005), Blood Diamond (2006), The Dark Knight (2008), The Bourne Legacy (2012), The Hunger Games series (2012–2015) and Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them (2016). He has collaborated with directors M. Night Shyamalan, having scored nine of his films since The Sixth Sense, and Francis Lawrence, having scored all of his films since I Am Legend.

JEROME MOROSS The Big Country, The Valley of Gwangi (August 1, 1913 – July 25, 1983) was an American composer. He was born in New York City in 1913. He became a talented piano player and composed music for the theatre. During his early years, Moross met and became lifelong friends with Bernard Herrmann. In 1931 he met and joined his Young Composers Group, whose members also included Herrmann. Copland supported his work and Herrmann provided him with an introduction to the entertainment media, beginning with the composition of music cues for radio shows in 1935. In the 1940s he began to work in Hollywood, California, where he would compose the music scores for sixteen films from 1948 to 1969. His scores include The Jaywalkers, The Valley of the Gwangi, The War Lord, The Proud Rebel, , The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn and The Big Country.

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JERRY GOLDSMITH , Logan’s Run, Patton and Tora, Tora Tora, The Detective, China Town, Legend, Poltergeist, The Mummy, The Omen, Star Trek: The Motion Picture, The Jerrald King Goldsmith (February 10, 1929 – July 21, 2004) was an American composer and conductor most known for his work in film and television scoring. He composed scores for such films as Star Trek: The Motion Picture and four other films within the Star Trek franchise, The Sand Pebbles, Logan's Run, Planet of the Apes, Patton, Papillon, Chinatown, The Wind and the Lion, The Omen, The Boys from Brazil, Capricorn One, Alien, Outland, Poltergeist, The Secret of NIMH, Gremlins, Hoosiers, Total Recall, Basic Instinct, Rudy, Air Force One, L.A. Confidential, Mulan, The Mummy, three Rambo films, and Explorers. He collaborated with some of film history's most accomplished directors, including , Howard Hawks, Otto Preminger, , , Roman Polanski, Ridley Scott, Michael Winner, Steven Spielberg, Paul Verhoeven, and Franklin J. Schaffner. His work for Donner and Scott also involved a rejected score for Timeline and a controversially edited score for Alien, where music by Howard Hanson replaced Goldsmith's end titles and Goldsmith's own work on Freud: The Secret Passion was used without his approval in several scenes. Goldsmith was nominated for six Grammy Awards, five Primetime Emmy Awards, nine Golden Globe Awards, four British Academy Film Awards, and eighteen Academy Awards (he won only one, in 1976, for The Omen).

JOE HISAISHI Departures, , on the Cliff by the Sea, The Sun Also Rises, Tom Thumb, Mamoru Fujisawa (born December 6, 1950), known professionally as , is a Japanese composer and musical director known for over 100 film scores and solo albums dating back to 1981. Hisaishi is also known for his piano scores. While possessing a stylistically distinct sound, Hisaishi's music has been known to explore and incorporate different genres, including minimalist, experimental electronic, European classical, and Japanese classical. Lesser known are the other musical roles he plays; he is also a typesetter, author, arranger, and conductor. He has been associated with animator since 1984, having composed scores for all but one of his films (including , Spirited Away and Howl’s Moving Castle). He is also recognized for the soundtracks he has provided for filmmaker 'Beat' , including (1991), Sonatine (1993), (1996), Hana-bi (1997), Kikujiro (1999), and Dolls (2002), as well for the video game series . He was a student of legendary composer Takeo Watanabe.

JÓHANN JÓHANNSSON Arrival, Sicario Jóhann Gunnar Jóhannsson (19 September 1969 – 9 February 2018) was an Icelandic composer who wrote music for a wide array of media including theatre, dance, television and films. His work is stylised by its blending of traditional orchestration with contemporary electronic elements. Jóhann released solo albums from 2002 onward. In 2016, he signed with , through which he released his last solo album, Orphée. Some of his works in film include the original scores for 's Prisoners, Sicario, and Arrival, and 's The Theory of Everything. Jóhann was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Original Score for both The Theory of Everything and Sicario and won a Golden Globe for Best Original Score for the former. He was a music and sound consultant on Mother!, directed by Darren Aronofsky in 2017. His scores for Mary Magdalene and Mandy were released posthumously.

JOHN BARRY Black Hole, Body Heat, Dances with Wolves, Midnight Cowboy, The Ipcress File, Walkabout, Zulu, James Bond (with ) Prendergast, OBE (3 November 1933 – 30 January 2011) was an English composer and conductor of film music. He composed the scores for 11 of the James Bond films between 1963 and 1987, and also arranged and performed the "" to the first film in the series, 1962's Dr No. He wrote the Grammy- and Academy Award-winning scores to the films Dances with Wolves and Out of Africa, as well as the theme for the British television cult series The Persuaders!, in a career spanning over 50 years. In 1999, he was appointed OBE for services to music. He received many awards for his work, including five Academy Awards; two for Born Free, and one each for The Lion in (for which he also won the first BAFTA Award for Best Film Music), Dances with Wolves and Out of Africa (both of which also won him Grammy Awards). He also received ten Golden Globe Award nominations, winning once for Best Original Score for Out of Africa in 1986. Barry completed his last film score, Enigma, in 2001 and recorded the successful album Eternal Echoes the same year. He then concentrated chiefly on live performances and co-wrote the music to the musical Brighton Rock in 2004 alongside . In 2001, Barry became a Fellow of the British Academy of Songwriters, Composers and Authors, and, in 2005, he was made a Fellow of the British Academy of Film and Television Arts.

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Barry was married four times and had four children. He moved to the United States in 1975 and lived there for the remainder of his life until his death in 2011.

JOHN DEBNEY The Passion of the Christ An Emmy-winning composer best known for his playful comedy, animation, and adventure scores, grew up on Hollywood studio lots of the '60s and '70s as the son of a Disney producer. While his credits for Disney went on to include films such as Hocus Pocus (1993), (1999), and The Princess Diaries (2001), more dramatic settings for his music included movies like Sudden Death (1995), I Know What You Did Last Summer (1997), and The Passion of the Christ (2004). The latter earned Debney an Academy Award nomination for best score. He made his debut in the Marvel Universe in 2010 with 2, and the 2016 live-action version of The Jungle Book (also with Disney) became his fourth collaboration with director .

JOHN IRELAND The Overlanders From Stanford, Ireland inherited a thorough knowledge of the music of Beethoven, Brahms and other German classical composers, but as a young man, he was also strongly influenced by Debussy and Ravel as well as by the earlier works of Stravinsky and Bartók. From these influences, he developed his own brand of "English Impressionism", related more closely to French and Russian models than to the folk-song style then prevailing in English music. Ireland wrote his only film score for the 1946 Australian film The Overlanders, from which an orchestral suite was extracted posthumously by Charles Mackerras. Some of his pieces, such as the popular A Downland Suite and Themes from Julius Caesar, were completed or re-transcribed after his death by his student Geoffrey Bush.

JOHN KANDER AND Cabaret Kander and Ebb, American songwriting duo made up of (b. March 18, 1927, Kansas City, Mo., U.S.) and Fred Ebb (b. April 8, 1928?, New York, N.Y., U.S.—d. Sept. 11, 2004, New York City), who collaborated for more than 40 years—from the mid-1960s to the early 2000s—to produce scores for many successful musicals and films. Kander composed the music and Ebb supplied the lyrics.

JOHN POWELL Bourne Supremacy, How To Train Your Dragon John Powell (born 18 September 1963) is an English composer, best known for his scores to motion pictures. He has been based in Los Angeles since 1997 and has composed the scores to over fifty feature films. He is particularly known for his scores for animated films, including , , Shrek (all three co-composed with Harry Gregson-Williams), Robots, Happy Feet (and its sequel), three Ice Age sequels, Rio, Rio 2 and the How to Train Your Dragon film series, for which he was nominated for an Academy Award for the first film. He has also scored many live-action films, of which his collaborations with directors and are perhaps the best known. These include the first three and the fifth Bourne films, United 93, and Green Zone. Powell was a member of Hans Zimmer's music studio, Remote Control Productions, and has collaborated frequently with other composers from the studio, including Harry Gregson-Williams and Zimmer himself.

JOHN SCOTT Greystoke, Wake in Fright Scott was born in Bishopston, , England. Since the 1960s, Scott has composed for more than 100 film and television productions. Some of Scott's most praised and recognized scores are Antony and Cleopatra (1972), England Made Me (1973), North Dallas Forty (1979), The Final Countdown (1980), Greystoke: The Legend of Tarzan, Lord of the Apes (1984) and The Shooting Party (1985). Since 2006, Scott has served as the artistic director of the Hollywood Symphony Orchestra. On 16 October 2013 Scott was presented with a BASCA Gold Badge Award in recognition of his contribution to music.

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JOHN WILLIAMS AI: Artificial Intelligence , Princess Leia, : , Lincoln, JFK, Memoirs of a Geisha, Schindler’s List, Saving Private Ryan, Star Wars: A New , Superman: The Movie John Towner Williams (born February 8, 1932) is an American composer, conductor, and pianist. With a career spanning over six decades, he has composed some of the most popular, recognizable, and critically acclaimed film scores in cinematic history, including those of the Star Wars series, , Close Encounters of the Third Kind, Superman, E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial, the Indiana Jones series, the first two films, Hook, the first two Jurassic Park films, Schindler's List, and the first three Harry Potter films. Williams has been associated with director Steven Spielberg since 1974, composing music for all but three of his feature films. Williams has won 24 Grammy Awards, seven British Academy Film Awards, five Academy Awards, and four Golden Globe Awards. With 51 Academy Award nominations, Williams is the second most-nominated individual, after . In 2005, the American Film Institute selected Williams's score to 1977's Star Wars as the greatest American film score of all time.

JOHNNY MANDEL (and the Gerry Mulligan Quartet) I Want to Live John Alfred Mandel (born , 1925) is a Grammy and Oscar-winning American composer and arranger of popular songs, film music and jazz. Among the musicians he has worked with are Count Basie, , , Anita O'Day, , , and Shirley Horn. Mandel's most famous compositions include "Suicide Is Painless" (theme from the movie and TV series M*A*S*H), "Close Enough for Love", "Emily" and "A Time for Love" (nominated for an Academy Award). He has written numerous film scores, including the score of . The love theme for that film, "", which he co-wrote with Paul Francis Webster, won the 1965 Academy Award for Best Original Song and the Grammy Award for Song of the Year in 1966.

JOSEPH KOSMA Les Enfants du Paradis Born in Budapest, Hungary, on October 22, 1905, he studied at the Budapest Conservatory, earning a scholarship to the Berlin Opera before joining Bertolt Brecht's touring company in 1929. Working alongside and Hanns Eisler proved a major influence on Kosma's own work as he began writing his earliest film scores. After settling in Paris in 1933, he began his collaboration with Renoir on 1936's Le Crime de Monsieur Lange; their partnership subsequently yielded 1937's La Grande Illusion and 1939's La Règle du Jeu, both deserving of serious consideration among the finest motion pictures ever made. Kosma also scored the 1945 Marcel Carné classic Les Enfants du Paradis; that same year, the composer also teamed with the film's screenwriter, Jacques Prévert, on the ballet Rendezvous. He and Prévert also collaborated on a number of songs, including 1947’s perennial "Autumn Leaves" (adapted in English by Johnny Mercer). By and large, Kosma's compositions gravitated more toward classical themes than pop, including the 1954 Les Chansons de Bilitis and a handful of comic operas, including 1962's Un Amour Electronique and 1964's La Revolte des Canuts. He died near Paris on August 7, 1969.

JOHNNY KLIMEK Perfume, , Cloud Atlas (born August 18, 1962) is an Australian musician, music producer, and composer, best known for his work innovative work in the underground electronica music scene and for his film scores.

JUSTIN HURWITZ First Man, Justin Gabriel Hurwitz (born January 22, 1985) is an American film composer and a television writer. He is best known for his longtime collaboration with director Damien Chazelle, scoring each of his films: Guy and Madeline on a Park Bench (2009), Whiplash (2014), La La Land (2016), and First Man (2018). For La La Land, he won two Academy Awards: Best Original Score and Best Original Song (for "") as well as the Golden Globe Awards for Best Original Score and Best Original Song (for "City of Stars"), and the BAFTA Award for Best Film Music. For First Man, he won the Golden Globe Award for Best Original Score.

KEN JONES Two-Way Stretch Jones was born in Manchester and began his music career as a studio arranger for Norrie Paramor, there he worked arranging music for The Zombies, Jim Dale, and Jonathan King. In the 1960s he established his own

21 12/02/2020 12:34 PM Adventures in Film Music Redux - Composer Profiles orchestra and began a career in film and television. He had earlier collaborated with Douglas Gamley on several film scores including Fire Down Below, Tom Thumb and The City of the Dead, and later wrote complete scores for films such as Two-Way Stretch, Dentist in the Chair and its sequel Dentist on the Job and in 1964 he was hired by the BBC to compose the music for “Steptoe and Son”, where he replaced (who had left the series to concentrate on “”). For the BBC Television, Jones composed and arranged the themes for “It's Marty”, and the sitcom “Sykes” which ran from 1972 until 1979. Also, in 1979, Jones conducted the United Kingdom entry at the Eurovision Song Contest which was sung by Black Lace. Between 1984 and 1988 he served as musical director for “Aspel & Company”, and from 1979 to 1988 for the “Paul Daniels Magic Show”. In 1979, Jones was picked up by rival station ITV, where he wrote and composed the theme tune and music to the sitcom “Only When I Laugh”. Jones remained associated with music throughout the 1980s. He died in 1988 while on holiday in France.

KEV CARMODY One Night the Moon Kevin Daniel "Kev" Carmody (born 1946 in Cairns, Queensland) is an Indigenous Australian singer-songwriter. His song "From Little Things Big Things Grow" was recorded with co-writer Paul Kelly for their 1993 single; it was covered by the Get Up Mob (including guest vocals by both Carmody and Kelly) in 2008 and peaked at number four on the Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA) singles charts.

LALO SCHIFRIN Enter the Dragon, Mission Impossible, Bullitt An Oscar- and Emmy-nominated film and television composer, classical composer, and acclaimed jazz pianist, emerged as a big-band leader in the mid-'50s, collaborating with the likes of and Xavier Cugat before beginning to score films in the mid-'60s. His iconic theme to TV's “Mission: Impossible” was first broadcast in 1966. Following in the footsteps of John Barry and Monty Norman's "James Bond Theme," its orchestral jazz instrumentation (including prevalent flutes, brass, piano, bongos, and jazz drums) and adrenalized staccato, syncopated rhythms helped to define spy music for decades to follow. Much like contemporaries , Henry Mancini, and , while he wrote in a variety of styles, Schifrin remained best known for his jazz-inflected scores. They also included crime films like 1968's Bullitt, which set an urban scene with a large jazz ensemble that included electric and electric bass, and the Dirty Harry franchise (1971-1988). Though more varied, the Dirty Harry scores maintained an antsy jazz M.O. while updating the production palette over time to include more keyboards, strings, and rock-styled drums. After his Mission: Impossible theme was repurposed for a big-screen reboot in the mid-'90s, Schifrin combined jazz, rock, and lush orchestral tracks in his lively soundtracks for the Rush Hour action franchise in the late '90s and 2000s. Over 50 years after its introduction, his Mission: Impossible theme was still featured heavily in 's music for the blockbuster sixth entry in the film series, 2018's Mission: Impossible - Fallout.

LARRY ADLER Genevieve The 1953 film Genevieve brought him an Oscar nomination for his work on the soundtrack, and great wealth. His name was originally removed from the credits in the United States due to blacklisting. His other film scores included A Cry from the Streets (1958), The Hellions (1961), The Hook (1963), King & Country (1964) and A High Wind in Jamaica (1965). He also scored a hit with the theme song of the French Jacques Becker movie Touchez pas au grisbi with Jean Gabin, written by Jean Wiener.

LAURIE JOHNSON The First Men in the Moon is perhaps best known internationally for his title theme for the Diana Rigg/Linda Thorson seasons of “The Avengers”. He has also worked on dozens of feature films, including Stanley Kubrick's Dr Strangelove, J. Lee Thompson's Tiger Bay, 's The First Men in the Moon, and Brian Clemens' Captain Kronos: Hunter. Additionally, in England, he has been a recording artist specializing in instrumental since the mid-'50s and is one of the most highly regarded arrangers of big-band swing and pop music.

LEONARD ROSENMAN Fantastic Voyage The composer of East of Eden, Rebel Without a Cause and Fantastic Voyage, who won Academy Awards for Barry Lyndon and Bound for Glory, also won Emmys for his television scores for “Sybil” and “Friendly Fire” and

22 12/02/2020 12:34 PM Adventures in Film Music Redux - Composer Profiles composed the memorable themes for “The Defenders”, “Combat!” and “Marcus Welby, M.D.”, is remembered as the New Yorker who shook up the status quo of Hollywood music in the 1950s with his sophisticated approach to film music. He applied serial techniques, atonality, microtonality and other avant-garde ideas to movie music during his four decades in the business.

LEROY ANDERSON Who’s Minding the Store Leroy Anderson, America's preeminent composer of light concert music, wrote such lively and evocative Pops orchestral favourites as "Sleigh Ride," "The Syncopated Clock" and "Blue Tango". His music captures the imagination of millions of people around the world with its memorable, optimistic melodies and impeccably crafted .

LEIGHTON LUCAS The Dam Busters Leighton Lucas (5 January 1903 – 1 November 1982) was an English composer and conductor. Born into a musical family (his father, Clarence Lucas, was also a noted composer), he began his career as a dancer for Sergei Diaghilev's Ballets Russes (1918–21). He became a ballet conductor at 19, as well as a self-taught composer of religious works and film music. He is particularly noted for his film compositions, including the scores for Target for Tonight (1941), Alfred Hitchcock's Stage Fright (1950), Ice-Cold in Alex (1958) and the incidental music for The Dam Busters (based on the title march by Eric Coates). Benjamin Britten wrote that Lucas's Partita (1934) for piano and chamber orchestra was "very interesting - especially quite lovely Sarabande." Lucas's “Sinfonia Brevis” (1936?) for horn and 11 instruments may be one of the earliest British scores to incorporate Balinese effects (it was heard by Benjamin Britten who went on to use such effects in his music from Paul Bunyan).

LOUIS AND BEBE BARRON Forbidden Planet This husband and wife composer team is best known for the soundtrack to the 1956 MGM feature film, Forbidden Planet. Less well known is their close relationship to the composer , and their contributions to electronic music in general. The two began working together shortly after their wedding in 1948; the next year they founded an electro-acoustic music studio in their New York apartment, where they experimented with tape, musique concrète, and electronic sound sources. The Barrons built their own equipment. In 1953, Cage used their studio for the composition of Williams Mix -- his first tape work. The studio became the workshop for a group of experimental composers working with electronics (Cage's Project of Music for Magnetic Tape), including Morton Feldman, Earle Brown, and David Tudor. Before Forbidden Planet, the duo had composed for short experimental films, but the MGM production was their first full-length soundtrack. It was also the first Hollywood film to fully exploit the burgeoning electronic music technology. Influenced by their studies in cybernetics, the couple developed circuitry that they felt operated in a way comparable to the human central nervous system. The soundtrack itself was not composed in a linear fashion; instead, electronics were used to directly accent the emotions and actions of the characters onscreen. The soundtrack lent credibility to the film; instead of using conventional instrumentation augmented by the typical (and even-then-clichéd) wails, as was common to most science fiction films of the era, the soundtrack had a genuinely futuristic quality that thrust the film forward in time. The wide release of the film helped further the cause of electronic music. The couple would continue to work together -- even after their divorce in 1970 -- composing film scores and works for tape. From 1985 - 1987, Bebe served as First Secretary for the Society of Electro-Acoustic Music in the United States. In 1997, the pair was awarded that organization's annual award for lifetime achievement (Louis posthumously; he died in 1989). Bebe, a SEAMUS board member, was the first woman to receive the award, which had been given previously to such composers as Mario Davidovsky and Charles Dodge.

LUIS ENRÍQUEZ BACALOV Il Postino Luis Enríquez Bacalov (30 August 1933 – 15 November 2017) was an Argentine-Italian composer of film scores. Early on in his career, he composed scores for Spaghetti Western films. In the early 1970s, he collaborated with Italian bands. Bacalov was nominated twice for the Academy Award for Best Original Score, winning it in 1996 for Il Postino. Bacalov composed significant works for chorus and orchestra. Before his death, he was the artistic director of the Orchestra della Magna Grecia in Taranto, .

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MALCOLM ARNOLD Belles of St. Trinians Sir Malcolm Henry Arnold, CBE (21 October 1921 – 23 September 2006) was an English composer. A prolifically successful composer for the cinema, is credited with having written over a hundred film scores for features and documentaries between 1947 and 1969. In 1957, Arnold won an Academy Award for the music to 's epic film The Bridge on the River Kwai. His two other collaborations with David Lean were The Sound Barrier (1952) and Hobson's Choice (1954), both of which were also resoundingly successful. The Inn of the Sixth Happiness (1958) won Arnold an Ivor Novello Award. Also during the 1950s — an especially prolific period for Arnold — he provided a series of successful scores for major British and American feature films, such as The Captain's Paradise (1953), I Am a Camera (1955), 1984 (1956), Trapeze (1956) and Dunkirk (1958). He also wrote the music for the entire series of St Trinian's films, including The Belles of St Trinian's (1954), which was a particular favourite with the composer. His 1960s scores included The Angry Silence (1960), Whistle Down the Wind (1961), The Chalk Garden (1964), The Thin Red Line (1964), The Heroes of Telemark (1965) and The Reckoning (1970). His last film score was for a star-studded version of David Copperfield (1969).

MAIREAD HANNAN One Night the Moon Mairead Hannan is a composer, known for One Night the Moon (2001), Hybrid Life (2001) and The Making of 'One Night the Moon' (2002).

MARIO NASCIMBENE The Vikings Mario Nascimbene (28 November 1913 – 6 January 2002) was one of the best known Italian film soundtrack composers of the 20th century. His career spanned six decades, during which time he earned several awards for the innovative contents of his composing style. During his career, he composed soundtracks for more than 150 films including The Barefoot Contessa, Alexander the Great, A Farewell to Arms, The Quiet American, The Vikings, Room at the Top, Barabbas and Light in the Piazza.

MARK ISHAM October Sky Trumpeter/synthesist is a Grammy-winning artist who has earned acclaim for both his own ambient jazz albums and his extensive work as a film composer. Initially emerging in the 1970s as a touring and with , Charles Lloyd, and others, Isham debuted his distinctive blend of jazz, classical, and electronic synth programming on several highly regarded albums for Windham Hill, beginning with 1983's Vapor Drawings. He then moved into film work, scoring for such esteemed productions as Never Cry Wolf, A River Runs Through It, and Crash. Although film scoring is his primary focus, he has continued to explore other creative projects, like 1999's Miles Remembered: The Silent Way Project, and playing on albums like 's 2015 effort No Pier Pressure and Stanley Clarke's 2018 album The Message.

MARTIAL SOLAL Breathless Solal was born in Algiers, North Africa, to French parents. He was persuaded to study , saxophone, and piano by his mother, who was an opera singer. He was kicked out of school in 1942 because of his father's Jewish ancestry. Algeria was a French colony, and the Vichy government in France was following Nazi policies. Solal educated himself after having studied classical music in school. He imitated music he heard on the radio. When he was fifteen, he performed publicly for U.S. Army audiences. After settling in Paris in 1950, he began working with Django Reinhardt and expatriates from the United States such as Sidney Bechet and . He formed a quartet (occasionally also leading a big band) in the late 1950s, although he had been recording as a leader since 1953. Solal then began composing film music, eventually providing over twenty scores. He composed music for Jean-Luc Godard's debut feature film Breathless (À bout de souffle, 1960). In 1963 he made an appearance at the Newport Jazz Festival in Rhode Island; the Newport '63 album purporting to be a recording of this gig is actually a studio recreation. At this time, his trio included bassist Guy Pedersen and drummer Daniel Humair. From 1968 he performed and recorded with Lee Konitz in Europe and the U.S.

MATYAS SEIBER A Town Like Alice The composer Mátyás Seiber was born in Budapest in 1905. In addition to studying the cello Seiber also studied composition with Zoltan Kodaly in Budapest. From 1928 he was a lecturer at the Hoch Conservatorium

24 12/02/2020 12:34 PM Adventures in Film Music Redux - Composer Profiles in Frankfurt, teaching jazz. In 1930 Seiber began experimenting with the twelve-tone composition technique and in 1935 he emigrated to the United Kingdom, where he worked for Schott and as Theodor Adorno's assistant. He also played in ensembles and worked as a composer and arranger for films such as Animal Farm in 1950 and Cabaret. From 1942 Seiber was a composition teacher at Morley College in London, where he was highly respected. He was killed in a car accident in Kruger National Park in 1960 while on a lecture tour in South Africa.

MATTEO ZINGALES The Hunter was born on 28 October 1980 in Rome and raised in Sydney. He has composed the music for feature films, including collaborating on The Hunter (2011), which starred Willem Dafoe and Sam Neill, and on Not Suitable for Children (2012), which was directed by Peter Templeman and starred Ryan Kwanten and Sarah Snook; for television mini-series including the ABC's “Devil's Dust” (2012), one of the six parts of the ABC's “Redfern Now” (2012), and SBS's “Better Man” (2013); and for short films, such as “Blue Poles” (2004), starring Sam Worthington. His documentary credits include Lachlan Macquarie: The Father of Australia (2011) for BBC Scotland and The History Channel; and he has composed music for television advertisements.

MATYAS SEIBER A Town Like Alice Mátyás György Seiber (4 May 1905 – 24 September 1960) was a Hungarian-born composer who lived and worked in the United Kingdom from 1935 onwards. His work linked many diverse musical influences, from the Hungarian tradition of Bartók and Kodály to Schoenberg and serial music, to jazz, folk song, film and lighter music. His scores include Animal Farm (1954), The Diamond (1954), A Town Like Alice (1956), Robbery Under Arms (1957) and Chase a Crooked Shadow (1958).

MAURICE JARRE Ghost, Dr Zhivago Maurice-Alexis Jarre (13 September 1924 – 28 March 2009) was a French composer and conductor, "one of the giants of 20th-century film music" who was "among the most sought-after composers in the movie industry" and "a creator of both subtle underscoring and grand, sweeping themes, not only writing for conventional orchestras... but also experimenting with electronic sounds later in his career". Although he composed several concert works, Jarre is best known for his film scores, particularly for his collaborations with film director David Lean. Jarre composed the scores to all of Lean's films from Lawrence of Arabia (1962) on. Notable scores for other directors include The Train (1964), Mohammad, Messenger of God (1976), Lion of the Desert (1981), Witness (1985) and Ghost (1990).

MAX STEINER A Summer Place, Casablanca, Gone with the Wind, King Kong, Now Voyager Maximilian Raoul Steiner (May 10, 1888 – December 28, 1971) was an Austrian-born American music composer for theatre and films, as well as a conductor. He is referred to as "the father of film music", as Steiner played a major part in creating the tradition of writing music for films, along with composers Dimitri Tiomkin, Franz Waxman, Erich Wolfgang Korngold, Alfred Newman, Bernard Herrmann, and Miklós Rózsa. Steiner composed over 300 film scores with RKO Pictures and Warner Bros., and was nominated for 24 Academy Awards, winning three: The Informer (1935); Now, Voyager (1942); and Since You Went Away (1944). Besides his Oscar-winning scores, some of Steiner's popular works include King Kong (1933), Little Women (1933), Jezebel (1938), and Casablanca (1942), though he did not score its love theme, “As Time Goes By”. In addition, Steiner scored The Searchers (1956), A Summer Place (1959), and Gone with the Wind (1939), which ranked second on AFI's list of best American film scores, and the film score for which he is best known.

MICHAEL GIACCHINO The Incredibles, Up, Cloverfield is an American composer of music for films, television and video games. Giacchino composed the scores to the television series Lost, Alias and Fringe, the video game series Medal of Honor and Call of Duty and many films such as The Incredibles (2004), Star Trek (2009), Up (2009), Dawn of the Planet of the Apes (2014), Jurassic World (2015), Inside Out (2015), Spider-Man: Homecoming (2017), War for the Planet of the Apes (2017) and Coco (2017). For his work on Up he earned an Academy Award for Best Original Score.

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MICHAEL NYMAN Gattaca Michael Laurence Nyman, CBE (born 23 March 1944) is an English composer of minimalist music, pianist, librettist and musicologist, known for numerous film scores (many written during his lengthy collaboration with the filmmaker Peter Greenaway), and his multi-platinum to Jane Campion's The Piano. He has written a number of operas, six concerti, five string quartets, and many other chamber works, many for his Band. He is also a performing pianist. Nyman prefers to write opera rather than other forms of music. His scores include Carrington, The Cook, the Thief, His Wife and Her Lover, The Draughtsman's Contract, Gatacca, Wonderland and The Piano.

MYCHAEL DANNA Kama Sutra, The Danna was born in Winnipeg, Manitoba, but his family moved to Burlington, when he was four weeks old. He is the brother of fellow composer Jeff Danna. He has been scoring films since his 1987 feature debut for Atom Egoyan's Family Viewing, a score which earned Danna the first of his thirteen Genie Award nominations. He has won five times for Achievement in Music - Original Score. Danna is recognized as one of the pioneers of combining non-Western sound sources with orchestral and electronic minimalism in the world of film music. This reputation has led him to work with such directors as Atom Egoyan, , Terry Gilliam, , Ang Lee, Gillies MacKinnon, , Mira Nair, Billy Ray, , and Denzel Washington. His soundtrack for Ang Lee's Life of Pi earned two Academy Award nominations for Best Original Score and Best Original Song “Pi's Lullaby”. His scores include Moneyball (2011), Capote (2005), The Imaginarium of Doctor Parnassus (2009), Tideland (2005), Vanity Fair (2004), Monsoon Wedding (2001), Kama Sutra: (1996), Breach (2007) and Shattered (2003).

MICHAEL GIACCHINO The Incredibles Michael Giacchino is a famous American Composer who regularly composes for the television and video game industry. Giacchino’s musical versatility is evident from his diverse repertoire, which includes titles from the “Call of Duty” video game series. Giacchino has scored some of the most popular and acclaimed film projects in recent history, including Zootopia (2016), Inside Out (2015), The Dawn of the Planet of the Apes (2014), Ratatouille (2007), The Incredibles (2004) and Rogue One: A Star Wars Story (2016), the first Star Wars film to be scored by anyone other than John Williams. Giacchino’s 2009 score for the hit Up earned him an Oscar, a Golden Globe, the BAFTA, the Broadcast Film Critics' Choice Award and two GRAMMY Awards.

MICHAEL KAMEN Highlander is a composer of orchestral music born in New York, USA on April 15, 1948, and died November 18, 2003. He studied at the prestigious of Music in New York where he learned the oboe. It quickly became a conductor. This is one of the musicians who best succeeded in marrying classical music and rock. He has worked with on the album , but also with , , , , , Queen, Eurythmics, Queensryche, Metallica, Rush, Hancock, Sting, Aerosmith and Lenny Kravitz. Kamen wrote eleven ballets and also composed many soundtracks as Brazil, Highlander, X-Men, Robin Hood: of Thieves, Licence to Kill, Lethal Weapon and series. He also composed music for TV series produced by HBO “Band of Brothers” and “From the Earth to the Moon”. Michael Kamen was twice nominated for an Oscar and won four Grammy Awards, two Golden Globes, two Ivor Novello Awards, an Emmy and Annie. On television, his best work of composition was the BBC series “Edge of Darkness” where he collaborated with Eric Clapton. The two friends were rewarded with a BAFTA Award for their work. His involvement in Mr Holland’s Opus, in which a frustrated composer is accomplished as a music teacher, led Kamen to create The Mr Holland Opus Foundation in 1996. The Foundation supports music education through the donation of musical instruments or used, for American students. In 2005 the Foundation created a fund to help schools and students affected by Hurricane Katrina.

MICHAEL NYMAN Gattaca, The Piano Michael Nyman is a composer, pianist, librettist, writer, musicologist, photographer and film-maker whose work encompasses opera, concert music and film soundtracks of which The Draughtsman's Contract and The Piano are the best-known. Since founding the Michael Nyman Band in 1977, which tours the world, he has worked with leading film directors and has collaborated with artists such as Mary Kelly, , Carsten

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Nicolai and the Oscar-winning Man on Wire star Phillippe Petit. Recent work includes several contributions to what is an intended series of 19 symphonies. Further War Work: 8 Songs with Film is a powerful example of Nyman's work as a composer and also film-maker.

MICA LEVI Under the Skin Best known as the leader of & the Shapes, Mica Levi made the most of her classical training in her other projects. Born in Surrey, England, Levi began playing and composing music at age four and studied viola, violin, and composition at the Purcell School and the Guildhall School of Music and Drama. While much of her work with the Shapes blended indie, dance, and hip-hop into experimental pop concoctions, the group's 2010 collaboration with the London Sinfonietta (which resulted in the 2011 album Chopped & Screwed) nodded to her formal . Levi showcased her compositional skills with her minimalist score for Jonathan Glazer's 2014 film Under the Skin. The score earned much acclaim, including a BAFTA nomination and an L.A. Film Critics Award for Best Music Score. Levi also won Best Composer at the European Film Awards. In 2016, Levi and cellist Oliver Coates (who played on Under the Skin) collaborated on an album titled Remain Calm. Levi also composed the score for Jackie, a biopic about Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis starring Natalie Portman.

MIKLOS ROSZA Eye of the Needle, , Ben Hur, Double Indemnity, El Cid, The Thief of Bagdad, Spellbound Miklós Rózsa (18 April 1907 – 27 July 1995) was a Hungarian-American composer trained in Germany (1925– 1931), and active in France (1931–1935), the United Kingdom (1935–1940), and the United States (1940–1995), with extensive sojourns in Italy from 1953. Best known for his nearly one hundred film scores, he nevertheless maintained a steadfast allegiance to absolute concert music throughout what he called his "double life." Rózsa achieved early success in Europe with his orchestral Theme, Variations, and Finale (Op. 13) of 1933 and became prominent in the film industry from such early scores as The Four Feathers (1939) and The Thief of Bagdad (1940). The latter project brought him to America when production was transferred from wartime Britain, and Rózsa remained in the United States, becoming an American citizen in 1946. His notable Hollywood career earned him considerable fame, earning 17 Academy Award nominations including winning for Spellbound (1945), A Double Life (1947), and Ben-Hur (1959), while his concert works were championed by such major artists as Jascha Heifetz, Gregor Piatigorsky, and János Starker.

MILES DAVIS Elevator to the Gallows Miles Davis, famous jazz trumpeter, composer and bandleader, was born 26 May 1926 in Alton, Illinois. He moved to New York in 1944 and studied at Juilliard. His record debut came in 1946. Miles soon became a major figure of jazz. He changed the directions of jazz several times, recording albums such as "Birth Of The Cool" (1949) which started the cool-jazz era, "Milestones" (1953), "Kind Of Blue" (1959) which was the beginning of modal jazz, orchestral jazz masterpieces such as "Porgy And Bess" (1958) and "Sketches Of Spain" (1961), "In A Silent Way" (1968) and "Bitches Brew" (1969) - the first jazz/rock fusion albums. Miles Davis is now arguably one of the greatest and most important jazz musicians of all time.

MONTY NORMAN James Bond Theme Born 4 April 1928, London, England. Born into a family of Jewish immigrants from , Norman took an early interest in music and in the post-war years began singing and writing songs. He worked as a singer, notably with the bands of Cyril Stapleton, Stanley Black and Ted Heath. He appeared on radio and at the popular Sunday concerts at the London Palladium. After launching his solo career he appeared at variety theatres throughout the UK and also worked on radio and television in shows such as That Old Black Magic. His composing for the West End theatre included songs written for the musicals Expresso Bongo and (both 1958), in collaboration with Julian More and David Heneker, the latter show with ’s music. The former did well while the latter was a huge success and also ran on Broadway where the music brought a Tony Award nomination. Norman was also active in writing music for films, sometimes themes and other times complete scores. Among the films on which he worked in the early 60s were The Two Faces Of Dr Jekyll (1960), The Day The Earth Caught Fire (1961) and Dr No (1962), composing the title theme for the latter, which was incorporated into subsequent James Bond films. His television music includes Quick Before They Catch Us (1966). In the early 00s, Norman was reportedly working on a musical version of Kingsley Amis’ novel Lucky Jim.

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NEAL HEFTI The Odd Couple, Barefoot in the Park One of the top jazz arranger/composers of the 1950s, Neal Hefti first wrote charts in the late '30s for Nat Towles. He contributed arrangements to the Earl Hines big band; played the trumpet with Charlie Barnet, Horace Heidt, and Charlie Spivak (1942-1943); and toured with Woody Herman's First Herd (1944-1946), marrying Herman's singer Francis Wayne. It was with Herman that Hefti began to get a strong reputation, arranging an updated "Woodchopper's Ball" and "Blowin' Up a Storm," and composing "The Good Earth" and "Wild Root." He also took a notable solo during a Lucky Thompson session on "From Dixieland to Bop." However, Hefti soon relegated his trumpet playing to a secondary status (although he played it on an occasional basis into the 1960s) and concentrated on his writing. He contributed charts to the orchestras of Charlie Ventura (1946), Harry James (1948-1949), and most notably Count Basie (1950-1962). For Basie, he wrote "Little Pony," "Cute," "Li'l Darling," "Whirlybird," and many other swinging songs, often utilizing Frank Wess' flute in inventive fashion. Neal Hefti also led his own bands off and on in the 1950s, but in later years concentrated on writing for films while remaining influenced by his experiences in the jazz world. During this time he began working for the Hollywood film industry, and he enjoyed tremendous popular success writing music for film and television. He wrote much background and theme music for motion pictures, including the films Sex and the Single Girl, How to Murder Your Wife (1965), Synanon, Boeing Boeing (1965), Lord Love a Duck (1966), Duel at Diablo (1966), Barefoot in the Park (1967), The Odd Couple (1968), and Harlow (1965), for which he received two Grammy nominations for the song "Girl Talk". While most of his compositions during this period were geared to the demands of the medium and the directors, there were many moments when he was able to infuse his work with echoes of his jazz heritage. Hefti passed away at his California home on October 11, 2008, at age 85.

NICK CAVE AND The Proposition, The Road Nicholas Edward Cave AO (born 22 September 1957) is an Australian musician, singer-songwriter, author, screenwriter, composer and occasional film actor, best known as the frontman of the rock band and the Bad Seeds. Cave's music is generally characterised by emotional intensity, a wide variety of influences, and lyrical obsessions with death, religion, love and violence. Cave co-wrote, scored and starred in the 1988 Australian prison film Ghosts... of the Civil Dead (1988), directed by John Hillcoat. He also wrote the screenplay for Hillcoat's bushranger film The Proposition (2005) and composed the soundtrack with frequent collaborator Warren Ellis. The pair's film score credits include The Assassination of Jesse James by the Coward Robert Ford (2007), The Road (2009), Lawless (2012), and Hell or High Water (2016). Cave is the subject of several films, including the semi-fictional "day in the life" 20,000 Days on Earth (2014), and the documentary One More Time with Feeling (2016). Cave has also released two novels: And the Ass Saw the Angel (1989) and The Death of Bunny Munro (2009).

NIGEL WESTLAKE Miss Potter Nigel Westlake (born 6 September 1958) is an Australian composer, musician and conductor. As a composer for the screen, his film credits include the feature film Ali's Wedding, Paper Planes, Miss Potter, Babe, Babe: Pig in the City, Children of the Revolution', 'The Nugget, plus the Imax films Antarctica, Imagine, and Solarmax and numerous others. His television credits include documentaries, telemovies, news themes and station identifications.

NINO ROTA La Strada Giovanni "Nino" Rota (3 December 1911 – 10 April 1979) was an Italian composer, pianist, conductor and academic who is best known for his film scores, notably for the films of and Luchino Visconti. He also composed the music for two of 's Shakespeare films, and for the first two films of 's trilogy, receiving the Academy Award for Best Original Score for Part II (1974).

PATRICK DOYLE Henry V, Much Ado About Nothing, Sense and Sensibility (born 6 April 1953) is a Scottish film composer. A longtime collaborator of actor-director Kenneth Branagh, Doyle is known for his work composing for films such as Henry V (1989), Sense and Sensibility (1995), Hamlet (1996), and Gosford Park (2001), as well as Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire (2005), Eragon (2006),

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Rise of the Planet of the Apes and (both 2011). Doyle has been nominated for two Academy Awards and two Golden Globe Awards, and is the recipient of the ASCAP Henry Mancini Award for "outstanding achievements and contributions to the world of film and television music".

PAUL J. SMITH 20,00 Leagues Smith was born in Calumet, Michigan on October 30, 1906. Upon graduating high school, he studied music at The College of Idaho from 1923 to 1925 before he was accepted into the Bush Conservatory of Music in , Illinois. His abilities in theory and composition earned him a scholarship to study music theory at Juilliard, however, it is unclear if he ever pursued this invitation. Smith spent much of his life working at Disney as composer for many of its films' scores, animated and live-action alike, movie and television alike; from 1962 to 1963, he also composed music for “Leave It to Beaver” and Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, along with and . In Fantasia, he is one of the studio employees in the orchestra. He also composed the scores for several of the “True-Life Adventures” episodes. In 1940, Smith reteamed with Harline, along with (as the uncredited conductor and orchestrator) to compose the musical score of . Smith reteamed with Wallace again to compose the score for Cinderella in 1950, which was his final Disney animated film he wrote the score before composing live-action films and shorts for Disney. Two of Smith's main collaborators were Hazel "Gil" George, who wrote the song title for The Light in the Forest with him and Lawrence Edward Watkin, and , who worked with him on films like Westward Ho the Wagons!. Bruns had first been hired by Walt in 1953 to compose and adapt the score for the 1959 animated film version of Sleeping Beauty, from Tchaikovsky's ballet of the same name. Smith also did the stock music for the “Blondie” series of the late 1940s and early 1950s. He also won an Academy Award for Best Original Score with Leigh Harline and for “Pinocchio”.

PAUL KELLY One Night the Moon, Lantana Despite being one of the most significant and talented singer/songwriters to ever come out of Australia, Paul Kelly has never really achieved the status of 'superstar', because his music, which is best described as 'poetic' and 'harmonious' was never mainstream enough to attract the crowds of INXS, never controversial enough to attract the Midnight Oil fans, never rocking enough for the Jimmy Barnes fans, and never constant enough for the John Farnham fans. Paul Kelly may be a singer, but his music is poetry, sheer poetry. Songs such as 'To Her Door', 'Before Too Long' and 'Tease Me' are considered musical poetry. Kelly, always one to recognise this, has released a book of his song lyrics, called Don't Start Me Talking.

PAUL SAWTELL Voyage to the Bottom of the Sea Paul Sawtell (3 February 1906 – 1 August 1971) was a Polish-born film score composer in the United States. Sawtell began his career with RKO and eventually joined . Sawtell worked on many western and horror films, and also scored the films The Pearl of Death and The Scarlet Claw. In the late 1940s, Sawtell returned to RKO. He also worked for various independent producers, including Eagle-Lion Films' production of T-Men (1947). He also composed and arranged the uncredited music for the Venice, Italy sequences in This is Cinerama (1952). In the late 1950s, Sawtell struck up an alliance with fellow film composer Bert Shefter and they produced many film scores together. Most notably they provided the music to classic science fiction and horror films including Kronos, It! The Terror from Beyond Space, Return of the Fly, The Lost World, Voyage to the Bottom of the Sea (in cooperation with producer Irwin Allen), and Jack the Giant Killer in 1962. In 1965 they composed some scores for the director Russ Meyer, such as the cult classic Faster Pussycat! Kill! Kill! and Motorpsycho. The last score they provided was for the Mexican film Emiliano Zapata in 1970 shortly before Sawtell's death. Perhaps Sawtell's best-known composition is the main theme for the “Voyage to the Bottom of the Sea” TV series, adapted from Allen's 1961 feature film, for which Sawtell had written a different theme.

PETER GABRIEL Rabbit-Proof Fence was educated at Charterhouse School, Surrey, England. He was the lead singer of leading progressive rock band Genesis from its inception until he left in 1975 for a successful solo career as a singer- songwriter, score composer and innovator in the visual presentation of music, music videos and digital methods of recording and distributing music. He also became well-known as an anti-apartheid activist, for his efforts to bring different styles of international music to the attention of the West by establishing the WOMAD

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(World of Music, Arts and Dance) Festival, his own Real World label and recording studios as well as the addition of world music performers and styles into his own music.

PHARRELL WILLIAMS Hidden Figures Born in 1973 in Virginia, Pharrell Williams started performing as a teen. He joined forces with his friend Chad Hugo and they became known as in-demand production team the Neptunes, working with such artists as Jay-Z, Gwen Stefani and Britney Spears. Returning to performing, he had further success with “Happy,” an effervescent and infectious song that he had written for the animated film 2 (2013). It received an Academy Award nomination for best original song, and Williams performed it at the Oscar ceremony in 2014. His second solo album, G I R L, was released the following day. Later in 2014 Williams again teamed with Zimmer, among others, on the soundtrack for the film The Amazing Spider-Man 2, and he became a coach on the popular TV show “The Voice”; he left the program in 2016. Williams collaborated with Zimmer and Benjamin Wallfisch on the score for the movie Hidden Figures (2016), for which he was also a producer, and he wrote and performed the songs in Despicable Me 3 (2017). In addition, he reunited with his band N.E.R.D. for the explicitly political album No One Ever Really Dies (2017).

PHILIP GLASS The Hours (born January 31, 1937) is an American composer. He is widely regarded as one of the most influential musicians of the late 20th century. Glass's work has been described as , having similar qualities to other "minimalist" composers such as La Monte Young, , and . Glass describes himself as a composer of "music with repetitive structures", which he has helped evolve stylistically. Glass founded the Philip Glass Ensemble, with which he still performs on keyboards. He has written numerous operas and musical theatre works, twelve symphonies, eleven concertos, eight-string quartets and various other , and film scores. Three of his film scores have been nominated for Academy Awards. Scores include The Fog of War, The Illusionist, , Kundun, Mishima, Notes on a Scandal, and The Hours.

QUINCY JONES The Austin Powers Trilogy, The Color Purple In a career spanning over seven decades, has earned his reputation as a renaissance man of American music. Since entering the industry as an arranger in the early 1950s, he has distinguished himself as a bandleader, solo artist, sideman, songwriter, producer, film composer, and executive. A quick look at a few of the artists he's worked with -- Miles Davis, Frank Sinatra, Count Basie, , , Peggy Lee, , , and -- reveals the remarkable diversity of his career. He has been nominated for a record 80 Grammy awards and has won 27 in categories including Best Instrumental Jazz for "Walking in Space" (1969), Producer of the Year (1981), and Album of the Year for Jackson's Thriller (1983) and his own (1990). Outside recording studios, he has produced major motion pictures, helped create television series, and written books, including Q: The Autobiography of Quincy Jones (2001). An inductee into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame (2013), he has continued producing and recording, contributing the song "Keep Reachin'" for the documentary Quincy: A Life Beyond Measure (2018).

RACHEL PORTMAN Never Let Me Go was born on December 11, 1960, in Haslemere, Surrey, England. She has written over 100 scores for film, television and theatre, including The Manchurian Candidate (), Oliver Twist (Roman Polanski), Hart's War (Gregory Hoblit), The Legend of Bagger Vance (), Beloved (Jonathan Demme), Benny and Joon (Jeremiah Chechik), Life Is Sweet (), Never Let Me Go (Mark Romanek), Grey Gardens (Michael Sucsy), The Duchess (Saul Dibb), One Day (Lone Scherfig), The Vow (Michael Sucsy), Snow Flower and the Secret Fan (), The Lake House (Alejandro Agresti), Infamous (Douglas McGrath), Mona Lisa Smile (Mike Newell), and The Human Stain (). Portman is perhaps best known for her music soundtrack compositions in the movies Chocolat and The Cider House Rules.

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RAMIN DJAWADI Pacific Rim , a German score composer, is well known for his scores for the 2008 Marvel film Iron Man and the HBO series “Game of Thrones” which were both nominated for Grammy Awards in 2009 and 2018 respectively. He has also scored movies such as Clash of the Titans, Pacific Rim, Warcraft and A Wrinkle in Time, and for television series including “Prison Break”, “Person of Interest”, “”, and “Westworld”. He won two consecutive Emmy Awards for “Game of Thrones”, in 2018 for the episode "The Dragon and the Wolf" and in 2019 for "The Long Night".

RANDY EDELMAN Last of the Mohicans (born June 10, 1947) is an American musician, producer, and composer for film and television. He began his career as a member of Broadway's pit orchestras and later went on to produce solo albums for songs that were picked up by leading music performers including The Carpenters, , and Dionne Warwick. He is known for his work in comedy films. He has been awarded many prestigious awards, including two nominations for a Golden Globe Award, a BAFTA Award, and twelve BMI Awards. Edelman was given an honorary doctorate in fine arts by the University of Cincinnati in 2004. Some of Edelman's best-known films scores include Twins, Kindergarten Cop, Beethoven, Gettysburg, The Mask, Dragonheart, Daylight and XXX. He also wrote the theme of the popular television series “MacGyver”. Many of his musical pieces have been reused in television advertising, trailers, Disney movies, and award shows.

RAOUL KRAUSHAAR Invaders from Mars Raoul Kraushaar, longtime music director and supervisor for films and TV was born in France and son of an orchestral musician, he stowed aboard a ship bound for New York City in 1926, studied music arranging under Hugo Riesenfeld at Columbia U. and later relocated to Los Angeles to start his career. His first credited film work in Hollywood was the Gene Autry starrer “Round-up Time in Texas” (1937). He also worked as an arranger for orchestras including that of bandleader Ted Fiorito. Kraushaar became one of the first “packagers” of music for TV in the 1950s, taking libraries of music that he owned (and sometimes contributed to as composer or arranger) and selling them to TV shows. He supplied music for such shows as “The Untouchables,” “My Three Sons,” “The Donna Reed Show,” “Dennis the Menace,” “Father Knows Best,” The Fugitive” and “The Adventures of Wild Bill Hickok.” He also composed for “The Abbott and Costello Show.” Kraushaar also supplied or composed music cues for popular cartoons including “Yogi Bear” and “Huckleberry Hound.” He served as music coordinator for the film Cabaret and was connected in one form or another with Blue Gardenia, Invaders From Mars, several Abbott and Costello films, Gene Autry and Hopalong Cassidy features and numerous horror/ pics.

RAVI SHANKAR Pather Panchali, Gandhi (and George Fenton) Ravi Shankar was a world-renowned musician, composer, performer, and scholar of classical Indian music. He was one of the leading cultural figures of the twentieth century whose accomplishments placed him as the leading figure of an important musical tradition. His long and distinguished musical career included numerous recordings, performances at all the world's leading venues, and a series of unprecedented collaborations with other leading musicians. During the years 1950-55 Shankar composed some of his most famous music, most notably in the internationally-acclaimed film studios of Calcutta, where he scored The Ray Trilogy.

REINHOLD HEIL Perfume, Run Lola Run, Cloud Atlas (born 1954) is a German-born film and television composer based in Los Angeles. He is known for his frequent collaborations with Australian composer Johnny Klimek and director on films such as Run Lola Run and Cloud Atlas.

RICHARD TOGNETTI Master and Commander: The Far Side of the World AO (b. 1965), violinist, conductor and composer, trained with William Primrose in Wollongong and Alice Waten in Sydney before undertaking further studies with Igor Ozim in . Awarded the Tschumi Prize for the outstanding graduate soloist, in 1989 he returned to Australia to lead the Australian Chamber Orchestra (ACO) and was appointed the Orchestra’s Artistic Director and Lead Violin later that year.

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As director or soloist, Tognetti has appeared with many of the world’s leading orchestras, and in 2016 was the first artist-in-residence at the Barbican Centre’s Milton Court Concert Hall. He also performed the Australian premieres of Ligeti’s and Lutosławski’s Partita, and his recordings of Bach’s solo violin works gained him three consecutive ARIA awards. Tognetti created the Huntington Festival in Mudgee, New South Wales and was Artistic Director of the Festival Maribor in Slovenia from 2008 to 2015. He has also collaborated with performers, film-makers and artists including Barry Humphries, Michael Leunig, Jennifer Peedom and Bill Henson, and co-composed scores for feature films, notably ’s Master and Commander: The Far Side of the World (for which he coached for his onscreen violin playing). He was declared a National Living Treasure in 1999 and holds honorary doctorates from the universities of Sydney, Wollongong and Western Australia. Tognetti has otherwise been commended for the development and promotion of educational programs, support for emerging artists and contributions to charitable organisations.

RICHARD RODNEY BENNETT Enchanted April Sir Richard Rodney Bennett CBE (29 March 1936 – 24 December 2012) was an English composer of film, TV and concert music, and also a jazz pianist. He wrote music for films and television; among his scores were the Doctor Who story “The Aztecs” (1964) for television, and the feature films Billion Dollar Brain (1967), Lady Caroline Lamb (1972) and Equus (1977). His scores for Far from the Madding Crowd (1967), Nicholas and Alexandra (1971), and Murder on the Orient Express (1974), each earned him Academy Award nominations, with Murder on the Orient Express gaining a BAFTA award. Later works include Enchanted April (1992), Four Weddings and a Funeral (1994), and The Tale of (1998). He was also a prolific composer of , piano solos, choral works and operas. Despite this eclecticism, Bennett's music rarely involved stylistic crossover. He was based in New York City from 1979 until his death there in 2012.

RICHARD WAGNER Melancholia Wilhelm (22 May 1813 – 13 February 1883) was a German composer, theatre director, polemicist, and conductor who is chiefly known for his operas (or, as some of his later works were later known, "music dramas"). Unlike most opera composers, Wagner wrote both the libretto and the music for each of his stage works. Initially establishing his reputation as a composer of works in the romantic vein of Carl Maria von Weber and Giacomo Meyerbeer, Wagner revolutionised opera through his concept of the Gesamtkunstwerk ("total work of art"), by which he sought to synthesise the poetic, visual, musical and dramatic arts, with music subsidiary to drama. He described this vision in a series of essays published between 1849 and 1852. Wagner realised these ideas most fully in the first half of the four-opera cycle Der Ring des Nibelungen (The Ring of the Nibelung).

ROBERT FARNON Captain Horatio Hornblower Robert Joseph Farnon CM (24 July 1917 – 23 April 2005) was a Canadian-born composer, conductor, musical arranger and trumpet player. As well as being a composer of original works (often in the light music genre), he was commissioned by film and television producers for the theme and incidental music. In later life, he composed a number of more serious orchestral works, including three symphonies, and was recognised with four Ivor Novello awards and the Order of Canada. His scores include Captain Horatio Hornblower R.N. (1951), It's a Wonderful World (1956), The Sheriff of Fractured Jaw (1958), The Road to Hong Kong (1962) and Shalako (1968).

RON GOODWIN 633 Squadron, Miss Marple Ronald Alfred Goodwin (17 February 1925 – 8 January 2003) was an English composer and conductor known for his film music. He scored over 70 films in a career lasting over fifty years. His most famous works included Where Eagles Dare, Battle of Britain, 633 Squadron and . Whilst working as a copyist, he formed his own orchestra in his spare time and began arranging and conducting recordings for over fifty artists, which resulted in more than 100 chart successes. He wrote his first feature film score for Whirlpool, with a screenplay by Lawrence P. Bachmann. After Bachmann became executive producer at MGM-British Studios in 1959, Goodwin composed and conducted the music for most of its productions, as well as working for other film studios.

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RY COODER Paris, Texas Ryland Peter "Ry" Cooder (born March 15, 1947) is an American musician, songwriter, film score composer, and record producer. He is a multi-instrumentalist but is best known for his slide guitar work, his interest in roots music from the United States, and his collaborations with traditional musicians from many countries

RYUICHI SAKAMOTO The Revenant, , Merry Christmas Mr Lawrence Ryuichi Sakamoto (born January 17, 1952) is a Japanese composer, singer, songwriter, record producer, activist, and actor who has pursued a diverse range of styles as a solo artist and as a member of (YMO). With his bandmates Haruomi Hosono and , Sakamoto influenced and pioneered a number of electronic music genres. As a film-score composer, Sakamoto has won an Academy Award, a BAFTA, a Grammy, and two Golden Globe Awards. Merry Christmas, Mr Lawrence (1983) marked his debut as both an actor and a film-score composer; its main theme was adapted into the single "" which became an international hit. His most successful work as a film composer was The Last Emperor (1987), after which he continued earning accolades composing for films such as The Sheltering Sky (1990), Little Buddha (1993), and The Revenant (2015). On occasion, Sakamoto has also worked as a composer and a scenario writer on anime and video games. In 2009, he was awarded the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres from the Ministry of Culture of France for his contributions to music.

SERGEI PROKOFIEV Alexander Nevsky received his first piano instruction from his mother, who also encouraged composing. After studies with Gliere, he passed the entrance examination at the St. Petersburg Conservatory. There he studied with Rimsky-Korsakov and Liadov. He formed a lasting relationship with Sergei Diaghilev, who arranged his first performance outside Russia (Rome, 1915). The opera The Love of the Three Oranges and the Third was premiered in Chicago in 1921. In Paris, where Prokofiev settled, Diaghilev produced his ballets during the years 1921-32. After returning to Russia, he composed , the opera War and Peace, and the ballets Romeo and Juliet and Cinderella. In breathing new life into the symphony, sonata, and concerto, Sergey Prokofiev emerged as one of the truly original musical voices of the 20th century. Bridging the worlds of pre-revolutionary Russia and the Stalinist , Prokofiev enjoyed a successful worldwide career as composer and pianist. As in the case of most other Soviet-era composers, his creative life and his music came to suffer under the duress of official Party strictures. Still, despite the detrimental personal and professional effects of such outside influences, Prokofiev continued until the end of his career to producing music marked by a singular skill, inventiveness, and élan.

SHIGERU UMEBAYASHI In the Mood for Love, 2046 (born February 19, 1951, in Kitakyushu, Fukuoka) is a Japanese composer. Once the leader and bass player of Japan's new wave rock band EX, composer Shigeru Umebayashi began scoring films in 1985 when the band broke up. He has more than 30 Japanese and Chinese film scores to his credit and is perhaps best known in the West for "Yumeji's Theme" (originally from Seijun Suzuki's Yumeji), included in director Wong Kar-wai's In the Mood for Love (2000). Umebayashi scored most of Wong Kar-wai's follow-up film, 2046 (2004), and House of Flying Daggers. He is also the composer for the music of the first Serbian spectacle, Charleston & Vendetta. Umebayashi received the special "Tomislav Pinter Award" at Avvantura Film Festival Zadar (Croatia) in 2013 during his stay as a member of the official Jury.

STEVEN PRICE Fury, Gravity (born 22 April 1977) is a British film composer, best known for scoring Gravity, which won him the Academy Award for Best Original Score. Before making his debut as a composer with Attack the Block, he worked on the music department for various notable films, such as The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers, The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King, Batman Begins, and Scott Pilgrim vs. the World. In 2013, Price composed the score for Alfonso Cuarón's Gravity, for which he won the Academy Award for Best Original Score.

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SYDNEY BECHET Midnight in Paris (Theme) Sidney Bechet was the first important jazz soloist on records in history (beating by a few months). A brilliant soprano saxophonist and clarinettist with a wide vibrato that listeners either loved or hated, Bechet's style did not evolve much through the years but he never lost his enthusiasm or creativity. A master at both individual and collective improvisation within the genre of New Orleans jazz, Bechet was such a dominant player that trumpeters found it very difficult to play with him. Bechet wanted to play lead and it was up to the other horns to stay out of his way.

TAN DUN Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon (born 18 August 1957) is a Chinese contemporary classical composer and conductor, most widely known for his scores for the movies Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon and Hero, as well as composing music for the medal ceremonies at the 2008 Beijing Olympics. His works often incorporate audiovisual elements; use instruments constructed from organic materials, such as paper, water, and stone; and are often inspired by traditional Chinese theatrical and performance. In 2013, he was named a UNESCO Goodwill Ambassador. He has won numerous awards for his works, including an Academy Award, a Grammy Award and a BAFTA award.

THE CHEMICAL BROTHERS Hanna The chemical brothers changed the face of music by transforming big beat hip-hop and techno into an international trend. Formed as a partnership between friends, the Chemical Brothers started as an ordinary duo that ended up making extraordinary music that simply could not be ignored. Highly considered as cult leaders in their chosen genre of music, the Chemical Brothers have produced music incessantly that has continued to surprise the world and push musical boundaries. Very few artists in the world have managed to reach such critical acclaim despite having thrived in the business for more than two decades. They are regarded very highly not just in the United Kingdom but in other parts of the world as well. Alongside other big beat acts such as Fatboy Slim and The Crystal Method, The Chemical Brothers have reserved a special place for themselves in the annals of music history.

THOMAS NEWMAN American Beauty, Erin Brockovich, has composed soundtracks for more than 50 films, for which he has received a total of 10 Academy Award nominations, though he has not yet won the award. Born in Los Angeles, Newman attended the University of Southern California for two years, before moving to Yale, where he gained a Masters in Music. Thomas Newman continues a movie music composition tradition begun by his father Alfred Newman and uncle . Newman’s breakthrough score was Desperately Seeking Susan, starring . Most of Newman’s early scores were composed for synthesisers, but he gradually began to combine electronic and acoustic instruments. His extensive filmography includes American Beauty, The Best Exotic Marigold Hotel, Bridge of Spies, Desperately Seeking Susan, Erin Brockovich, , The Green Mile, In the Bedroom, The Iron Lady, Little Women, The Lost Boys, Meet Joe Black, , Saving Mr Banks, and WALL-E.

TOMANDANDY The Mothman Prophecies Andy Milburn was born in Texas and went to Princeton University for undergraduate as well as graduate work. At Princeton, his primary focus was creating computer music and computer music applications. During that time, he helped build the early computer music system called "CMIX". Thomas Hajdu was born in Canada and moved to the US to work on his graduate studies at Princeton University. While at Princeton University, the duo began collaborating on small pieces of electronic music which consisted of bits of disjunct sounds. They called these pieces, "Blasts" and while blasts were completely unsuccessful when performed in the concert hall, they discovered that they played perfectly well when attached to disconnected images on TV. tomandandy, the musical group, was founded in the late '80s in NYC and became chiefly known for their work in film scores and television commercials. The firm redefined the way in which music for media was created by appropriating aesthetics of the avant-garde, bringing them into pop culture. Without investor support, Tomandandy became one of the largest music production companies in the world. During the 1990s, Tomandandy had offices in NYC and LA and employed almost 100 full-time employees around the world. Tomandandy received critical acclaim

34 12/02/2020 12:34 PM Adventures in Film Music Redux - Composer Profiles in all media sectors as creation as well as product design. Simultaneously, Tomandandy focused on artificial intelligence and content and is the holder of broad patent "artificial composer" that is based on a series of groundbreaking musical metrics.

TOM HOKENBORG Mad Max: Fury Road Antonius Tom Holkenborg (born 8 December 1967), known by his stage name Junkie XL and occasionally JXL, is a Dutch composer, multi-instrumentalist, DJ, producer, and engineer. Originally known for his trance productions, he has moved to produce electronica and big beat music and film scores. Junkie XL is best known for his remix of Elvis Presley's "A Little Less Conversation", which became a worldwide hit in 2002. In film scores, he is best known for his work in the DC Extended Universe beginning with Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice with Hans Zimmer, contributing to the theme song for Wonder Woman, as well as the scores for Deadpool and Mad Max: Fury Road.

TOM TYKWER Perfume, Run Lola Run, Cloud Atlas Tom Tykwer (born 23 May 1965) is a German film director, producer, screenwriter, and composer. He is best known internationally for directing the thriller films Run Lola Run (1998), Heaven (2002), Perfume: The Story of a Murderer (2006), and The International (2009). He collaborated with The Wachowskis as co-director for the science fiction film Cloud Atlas (2012) and the series “Sense8” (2015–2018).

TREVOR JONES Last of the Mohicans Soundtrack composer Trevor Jones is best known for his work on science fiction fantasies like The Dark Crystal, Labyrinth, and Dark City, but he has also worked on films ranging from romantic comedy (Notting Hill) to political thriller (13 Days) to action-adventure (Cliffhanger). Born in Capetown, South Africa, Jones left the continent to study at the Royal Academy of Music and the British National Film School. 1981's Excalibur was the first big work he received; within the following 20 years, he would go on to work on well over 50 films. He has received a pair of Golden Globe nominations -- for his work on The Mighty and The Last of the Mohicans -- and he was also nominated for an Emmy for 1998's Merlin.

VANGELIS 1492: Conquest of Paradise, Blade Runner Evángelos Odysséas Papathanassíou (born 29 March 1943), known professionally as is a Greek composer of electronic, progressive, ambient, jazz, and orchestral music. He is best known for his Academy Award-winning score for the film Chariots of Fire, also composing scores for the films Blade Runner, Missing, Antarctica, The Bounty, 1492: Conquest of Paradise, and Alexander, and the use of his music in the PBS documentary “Cosmos: A Personal Voyage” by Carl Sagan. Having had a career in music spanning over 50 years and having composed and performed more than 50 albums, Vangelis is considered to be one of the most important figures in the history of electronic music.

WILLIAM WALTON Battle of Britain Sir William Turner Walton, OM (29 March 1902 – 8 March 1983) was an English composer. During a sixty-year career, he wrote music in several classical genres and styles, from film scores to opera. His best-known works include Façade, the cantata Belshazzar's Feast, the Viola Concerto, the First Symphony, and the British coronation anthems Crown Imperial and Orb and Sceptre. Walton provided a small canon of film music that stretched over four decades and consisted of thirteen film scores. Although small in number, several have made lasting impressions, attesting to his mastery of this medium; Escape Me Never (1935), (1936), Dreaming Lips (1937), A Stolen Night (1939), Major Barbara (1941), Went The Day Well? (1942), The Next Kin (1942), The Foreman Went to France (1942), The First of the Few (1942), Henry V (1944), Hamlet (1948), Richard III (1955), Battle of Britain (1969), Three Sisters (1969).

WOJCIECH KILAR 's (17 July 1932 – 29 December 2013) was a Polish classical and film music composer. His film scores have won many honours including the best score award for the music to Ziemia obiecana (The Promised Land) in 1975, followed by the Prix Louis Delluc in 1980 for the music to The King and the Mockingbird, and an

35 12/02/2020 12:34 PM Adventures in Film Music Redux - Composer Profiles award at the Cork International Film Festival for the music to From A Far Country (1981) about the life of Pope John Paul II. One of his greatest successes came with his score to Francis Ford Coppola's Bram Stoker's Dracula in 1993 which received the ASCAP Award from the American Society of Composers, Authors, and Producers in Los Angeles, nominated also for the Saturn Award for Best Music in a science fiction, fantasy, or in San Francisco in 1993. In 2003, he won the César Award for Best Film Music written for The Pianist, at France's 28th César Awards Ceremony in 2003, for which he also received a BAFTA nomination.

ZDENĚK LIŠKA Ikarie XB-1 Zdeněk Liška was born on 16 March 1922 in Smečno near Kladno in central Bohemia. His father and grandfather were amateur municipal musicians. As a child he learned to play the accordion and the violin; while in high school, he composed his first song. He studied composition and conducting at Prague Conservatory under Rudolf Karel, Otakar Šín, Metod Doležil, and Karel Janeček. He graduated from the Conservatory in 1944. After a brief stint as a conductor of an amateur orchestra in Slaný and as a teacher at a Humpolec music school, he joined the Zlín Film Studios in 1945.

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