Matthew J. Troia * 1,2 and Keith B. Gido1

Functional strategies drive community assembly of stream fishes along environmental gradients and across spatial scales

1Division of Biology, Kansas State University, 116 Ackert Hall, Manhattan, Kansas 66506

2 Present Address: Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak

Ridge, TN, USA 37830

*Correspondence email: [email protected]; telephone: (865) 574-9805; fax: (865) 576-398

Author Contributions: MJT and KBG conceived and designed the study. MJT collected community samples, compiled trait data, and analyzed data. MJT and KBG wrote the manuscript. Online Resource 1.Reproductive life history trait values for 38 fish species collected in the Big Blue River basin.

Lo ng Age at Length at Maximum evi Egg Parental Species Code maturity maturity length ty Annual fecundity a diameter care score a (years) a (mm) a (mm) a (ye (mm) a ars ) a Ameiurus melas Amel 3 180 620 10 3069 2.75 4 (Rafinesque, 1820) Ameiurus natalis Anat 3 200 470 7 2961 2.75 4 (Lesueur, 1819) Aplodinotus grunniens Agru 5 342 696 17 85800 0.87 0 (Rafinesque, 1819) Campostoma anomalum Cano 3 91 188 5 2800 1.4 3 (Rafinesque, 1820) Carpiodes carpio Cacar 4 245 609 11 157854 1.2 0 (Rafinesque, 1820) Carpiodes cyprinus Ccyp 5 260 626 12 40000 1.2 0 (Lesueur, 1817) Catostomus commersonii Ccom 4 230 589 10 60325 2.2 1 (Lacepade, 1803) Chrosomus Cery 1 50 90 4 632 1.15 1 erythrogaster (Rafinesque, 1820) Cyprinus carpio Cycar 3 432 1220 47 745417 1.5 0 (Linnaeus, 1758) Cyprinella lutrensis Clut 1 40 80 3 6435 0.9 2 (Baird & Girard, 1853) Dorosoma cepedianum Dcep 2 251 521 14 144000 0.75 0 (Lesueur, 1818) Etheostoma nigrum Enig 1 42.5 72.5 4.5 230 1.25 3 (Rafinesque, 1820) Etheostoma spectabile Espe 1 30 80 3 705 1.24 1 (Agassiz, 1854) Fundulus zebrinus Fzeb 1 41 100 3 172 2.07 1 (Jordan & Gilbert, 1883) Gambusia affinis (Baird Gaff 0.3 30 63 1.5 160 2 4 & Girard, 1853) Ictiobus bubalus Ibub 6 445 909 19 233031 1.6 0 (Rafinesque, 1818) Ictalurus punctatus Ipun 4 358 1270 22 7977 3.75 3 (Rafinesque, 1818) Lepomis Lcya 1 66 259 6 48000 1.2 3 cyanellus (Rafinesque, 1819) Lepomis humilis Lhum 1 61 137 4 2077.5 1 3 (Girard, 1858) Lepomis macrochirus Lmac 2 102 384 9 19225 1.2 3 (Rafinesque, 1819) Lepisosteus osseus Loss 4 650 2032 36 27830 2.8 1 (Linnaeus, 1758) Luxilus cornutus Lcor 2 F 101 180 6 1800 1.25 2 (Mitchill, 1817) Lythrurus umbratilis Lumb 1 38 88 2 1659 0.81 1 (Girard, 1856) Micropterus salmoides Msal 2 250 701 15 25544 1.67 4 (Lacepade, 1802) Moxostoma macrolepidotu Mmac 4 330 768 14 20325 2.6 1 m (Lesueur, 1817) Notropis atherinoides Nath 1 60 127 5 9600 0.85 0 (Rafinesque, 1818) Notropis dorsalis Ndor 1 F 38F 71F 950F 0.91F 1F (Agassiz, 3F 1854) Noturus flavis (Rafinesque, Nfla 3 100 267 8 410 2.75 3 1818) Notropis Nstr 1 36 67 3 1050 0.81 1 stramineus (Cope, 1865) Notropis topeka Ntop 1.5 40 75 3 600 0.7 1 (Gilbert, 1884) Phenacobius mirabilis Pmir 2 60 122 4 2470 1.28 0 (Girard, 1856) Pimephales notatus Pnot 1 50.5 109 4 2544 1.06 3 (Rafinesque, 1820) Pimephales promelas Ppro 1 48 101 3 8280 1 3 (Rafinesque, 1820) Pimephales vigilax (Baird Pvig 1 47 98 5 5008 1.1 3 & Girard, 1853) Pomoxis annularis Pann 2 150 505 8 39922 0.89 3 (Rafinesque, 1818) Pomoxis nigromaculat Pnig 2 140 472 9 75590 0.93 3 us (Lesueur, 1829) Pylodictis olivaris Poli 5 485 1410 19 13250 3.7 3 (Rafinesque, 1818) Semotilus atromaculatus Satr 2 76 302 8 8684 1.55 2 (Mitchill, 1818) a Estimated from literature; b Proportion of total length measured from vouchers; c Interpolated to mean length measured from vouchers; d Measured from vouchers, independent of body size; e Unitless ratio measured from vouchers; f Unavailable in literature, estimated as the genus average. Online Resource 2.Feeding trait values for 38 fish species collected in the Big Blue River basin.

Gill raker Gut Mouth Head Eye Species Code Head length b length length b position a depth b diameter b (mm) c Ameiurus melas (Rafinesque, 1820) Amel 0.8 82 0.23 0.12 3.34 0.041 Ameiurus natalis (Lesueur, 1819) Anat 0.59 74 0.24 0.11 2.41 0.040 Aplodinotus grunniens (Rafinesque, 1819) Agru 0.56 55 0.24 0.14 1.34 0.077 Campostoma anomalum (Rafinesque, 1820) Cano 3.55 64 0.21 0.11 0.27 0.052 Carpiodes carpio (Rafinesque, 1820) Cacar 2.88 35 0.23 0.14 3.50 0.072 Carpiodes cyprinus (Lesueur, 1817) Ccyp 1.96 40 0.22 0.13 9.40 0.046 Catostomus commersonii (Lacepade, 1803) Ccom 1.57 29 0.22 0.12 1.24 0.052 Chrosomus erythrogaster (Rafinesque, 1820) Cery 1.83 84 0.20 0.10 0.17 0.061 Cyprinus carpio (Linnaeus, 1758) Cycar 1.67 71 0.24 0.14 2.84 0.051 Cyprinella lutrensis (Baird & Girard, 1853) Clut 0.67 90 0.21 0.12 0.20 0.067 Dorosoma cepedianum (Lesueur, 1818) Dcep 2.13 91 0.24 0.13 2.76 0.074 Etheostoma nigrum (Rafinesque, 1820) Enig 0.44 52 0.22 0.10 0.21 0.069 Etheostoma spectabile (Agassiz, 1854) Espe 0.43 75 0.24 0.13 0.39 0.066 Fundulus zebrinus (Jordan & Gilbert, 1883) Fzeb 1.15 92 0.24 0.12 0.49 0.069 Gambusia affinis (Baird & Girard, 1853) Gaff 0.5 97 0.21 0.11 0.25 0.071 Ictiobus bubalus (Rafinesque, 1818) Ibub 1.88 39 0.21 0.13 3.56 0.053 Ictalurus punctatus (Rafinesque, 1818) Ipun 0.62 55 0.21 0.10 1.88 0.055 Lepomis cyanellus (Rafinesque, 1819) Lcya 0.68 81 0.32 0.19 2.35 0.084 Lepomis humilis (Girard, 1858) Lhum 0.61 86 0.31 0.18 1.25 0.091 Lepomis macrochirus (Rafinesque, 1819) Lmac 0.76 93 0.27 0.18 1.24 0.090 Lepisosteus osseus (Linnaeus, 1758) Loss 0.49 71 0.31 0.04 0.01 0.027 Luxilus cornutus (Mitchill, 1817) Lcor 0.75 88 0.22 0.12 0.39 0.067 Lythrurus umbratilis (Girard, 1856) Lumb 0.51 92 0.20 0.11 0.09 0.072 Micropterus salmoides (Lacepade, 1802) Msal 0.71 91 0.30 0.14 3.78 0.062 Mma Moxostoma macrolepidotum (Lesueur, 1817) 1.23 35 0.20 0.12 1.11 0.064 c Notropis atherinoides (Rafinesque, 1818) Nath 0.49 91 0.21 0.11 0.20 0.072 Notropis dorsalis (Agassiz, 1854) Ndor 0.54 64 0.22 0.10 0.09 0.067 Noturus flavis (Rafinesque, 1818) Nfla 0.58 46 0.24 0.10 0.47 0.043 Notropis stramineus (Cope, 1865) Nstr 0.71 80 0.21 0.10 0.15 0.064 Notropis topeka (Gilbert, 1884) Ntop 0.66 78 0.21 0.11 0.31 0.072 Phenacobius mirabilis (Girard, 1856) Pmir 0.58 29 0.19 0.11 0.78 0.051 Pimephales notatus (Rafinesque, 1820) Pnot 1.25 58 0.21 0.11 0.19 0.074 Pimephales promelas (Rafinesque, 1820) Ppro 2.26 76 0.22 0.11 0.23 0.066 Pimephales vigilax (Baird & Girard, 1853) Pvig 0.71 78 0.21 0.11 -0.01 0.075 Pomoxis annularis (Rafinesque, 1818) Pann 0.46 92 0.27 0.14 3.65 0.074 Pomoxis nigromaculatus (Lesueur, 1829) Pnig 0.57 93 0.27 0.15 1.59 0.084 Pylodictis olivaris (Rafinesque, 1818) Poli 0.74 91 0.25 0.08 5.15 0.039 Semotilus atromaculatus (Mitchill, 1818) Satr 0.63 85 0.23 0.11 0.32 0.053 a Estimated from literature; b Proportion of total length measured from vouchers; c Interpolated to mean length measured from vouchers; d Measured from vouchers, independent of body size; e Unitless ratio measured from vouchers; f Unavailable in literature, estimated as the genus average. Online Resource 3.Locomotion trait values for 38 fish species collected in the Big Blue River basin.

A n a l

f i n Swim Dorsal fin Dorsal fin Pectoral fin Pelvic fin Species Code Shape factor e Anal fin length b factor e height b length b length b length b h e i g h t

b 0 . Ameiurus melas (Rafinesque, 1820) Amel 4.88 0.44 0.148 0.087 1 0.199 0.136 0.118 3 0 0 . Ameiurus natalis (Lesueur, 1819) Anat 4.75 0.57 0.155 0.081 1 0.251 0.152 0.115 1 8 0 . Aplodinotus grunniens(Rafinesque, 1819) Agru 3.77 0.52 0.093 0.419 1 0.078 0.182 0.171 3 6 0 . Campostoma anomalum (Rafinesque, 1820) Cano 5.39 0.43 0.149 0.091 1 0.077 0.145 0.117 3 0 Carpiodes carpio (Rafinesque, 1820) Cacar 3.52 0.46 0.203 0.291 0 0.080 0.151 0.146 . 1 5 4 0 . Carpiodes cyprinus (Lesueur, 1817) Ccyp 3.21 0.38 0.243 0.330 1 0.068 0.140 0.143 4 3 0 . Catostomus commersonii (Lacepade, 1803) Ccom 5.6 0.41 0.156 0.130 1 0.066 0.155 0.123 3 9 0 . Chrosomus erythrogaster (Rafinesque, 1820) Cery 5.55 0.38 0.168 0.098 1 0.095 0.153 0.116 4 7 0 . Cyprinus carpio (Linnaeus, 1758) Cycar 3.66 0.31 0.140 0.301 1 0.067 0.164 0.153 3 9 0 . Cyprinella lutrensis (Baird & Girard, 1853) Clut 5 0.49 0.175 0.109 1 0.115 0.168 0.126 5 1 0 . Dorosoma cepedianum (Lesueur, 1818) Dcep 3.31 0.31 0.170 0.103 0 0.218 0.172 0.101 7 9 0 . Etheostoma nigrum (Rafinesque, 1820) Enig 6.93 0.66 0.144 0.359 1 0.116 0.208 0.165 2 0 0 . Etheostoma spectabile (Agassiz, 1854) Espe 5.84 0.82 0.111 0.386 1 0.169 0.218 0.178 3 9 0 . Fundulus zebrinus (Jordan & Gilbert, 1883) Fzeb 5.64 0.59 0.144 0.151 1 0.108 0.154 0.087 6 2 0 . Gambusia affinis (Baird & Girard, 1853) Gaff 4.83 0.63 0.148 0.083 1 0.093 0.169 0.097 7 1 0 . Ictiobus bubalus (Rafinesque, 1818) Ibub 3.44 0.39 0.208 0.295 1 0.085 0.146 0.179 9 0 0 . Ictalurus punctatus (Rafinesque, 1818) Ipun 6.03 0.27 0.167 0.075 1 0.204 0.153 0.104 0 5 0 . Lepomis cyanellus (Rafinesque, 1819) Lcya 3.13 0.49 0.142 0.340 1 0.152 0.190 0.156 4 8 0 . Lepomis humilis (Girard, 1858) Lhum 3.71 0.44 0.129 0.328 1 0.148 0.243 0.165 4 7 0 . Lepomis macrochirus (Rafinesque, 1819) Lmac 2.85 0.45 0.146 0.340 1 0.172 0.254 0.177 5 3 0 . Lepisosteus osseus (Linnaeus, 1758) Loss 7.76 0.93 0.104 0.044 1 0.049 0.068 0.092 0 3 0 . Luxilus cornutus (Mitchill, 1817) Lcor 5.72 0.33 0.171 0.101 1 0.096 0.145 0.118 3 0 0 . Lythrurus umbratilis (Girard, 1856) Lumb 5.68 0.59 0.166 0.088 1 0.109 0.150 0.122 4 1 0 . Micropterus salmoides (Lacepade, 1802) Msal 4.29 0.43 0.128 0.323 1 0.125 0.153 0.137 3 9 0 . Mma Moxostoma macrolepidotum (Lesueur, 1817) 5.05 0.43 0.186 0.146 1 0.067 0.166 0.142 c 5 8 0 . Notropis atherinoides (Rafinesque, 1818) Nath 5.9 0.42 0.162 0.094 1 0.118 0.142 0.112 3 7 0 . Notropis dorsalis (Agassiz, 1854) Ndor 6.23 0.44 0.176 0.096 1 0.094 0.149 0.111 3 8 0 . Noturus flavis (Rafinesque, 1818) Nfla 5.75 0.72 0.154 0.103 1 0.178 0.151 0.107 2 2 0 . Notropis stramineus (Cope, 1865) Nstr 5.79 0.43 0.183 0.109 1 0.091 0.149 0.119 3 8 0 . Notropis topeka (Gilbert, 1884) Ntop 5.29 0.36 0.197 0.102 1 0.084 0.145 0.131 5 2 0 . Phenacobius mirabilis (Girard, 1856) Pmir 5.96 0.39 0.164 0.116 1 0.078 0.149 0.132 2 9 0 . Pimephales notatus (Rafinesque, 1820) Pnot 5.1 0.44 0.159 0.125 1 0.075 0.142 0.119 2 2 0 . Pimephales promelas (Rafinesque, 1820) Ppro 5.04 0.43 0.148 0.123 1 0.082 0.140 0.111 1 6 0 . Pimephales vigilax (Baird & Girard, 1853) Pvig 5.74 0.51 0.169 0.121 1 0.064 0.147 0.122 2 3 0 . Pomoxis annularis (Rafinesque, 1818) Pann 3.54 0.44 0.158 0.234 1 0.247 0.185 0.155 8 2 0 . Pomoxis nigromaculatus (Lesueur, 1829) Pnig 3.51 0.37 0.163 0.262 1 0.258 0.184 0.153 9 1 0 . Pylodictis olivaris (Rafinesque, 1818) Poli 9.21 0.29 0.163 0.091 1 0.132 0.134 0.114 2 7 0 . Semotilus atromaculatus (Mitchill, 1818) Satr 5.43 0.46 0.140 0.094 1 0.075 0.128 0.105 2 2 a Estimated from literature; b Proportion of total length measured from vouchers; c Interpolated to mean length measured from vouchers; d Measured from vouchers, independent of body size; e Unitless ratio measured from vouchers; f Unavailable in literature, estimated as the genus average.